Artigos de Revista

The manufacture of majolica azulejos in Portugal started, as far as we know presently, around 1560s by the workshop of Hans Goos, a Flemish potter established in Lisbon as João de Góis. His younger brother, of whom we only know the adopted Portuguese name Filipe de Góis, was referred to in 1575 as a “master of glazed ceramics” and so he may have also produced azulejos around that time. The productions of what we may call the “circle of João de Góis” (maybe only a single workshop or maybe several sharing the same technology) encompasses a period thus starting around 1560 and lasting at least until the 1590s. Practically all the potentially locally-produced azulejos from this period that we have studied (around 20 different panels) could be fitted into the productions of that rather consistent circle, while confirmed imports from Antwerp and Seville are characterized by different technological traits. We had now the opportunity to study all the azulejo panels and patterned linings at the Palace, annexes and gardens of Bacalhôa, amounting to more than 50 different types, a research made all the more difficult by the mixing of tiles of like patterns but certainly different provenances and by the use of clays, glaze formulations or firing cycles that could not be safely included within the bounds of the circle of João de Góis. Since it is not viable to encompass all the types in a single paper, the most representative azulejo panels still extant at Bacalhôa were chosen, as well as the patterned types used at the Pleasure House by the lake and at the Palace itself. They were sampled and their morphological and chemical characteristics were compared between them and with previously published results, following which the panels and patterned tiles were organized in groups with a view to their future individual study.

Pressurized powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration (PAC/Alum/MF) was investigated at pilot scale for treating low turbidity and low natural organic matter (NOM) surface waters spiked with organic microcontaminants.

Water services—including urban water supply, wastewater, and stormwater services—are essential to society and critical for protecting human health and the well-being of communities. Goal 6 of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognizes this importance and aims to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.” Despite progress, the UN reports billions of people still lack water and sanitation services. Many governments around the world face the challenge of balancing between investment in new assets, programs, and services and providing the required funding for repair and replacement of existing water assets. This paper argues infrastructure asset management establishes a foundational framework for the system of operations, management, and importantly, governance of assets to deliver services. An enabling environment for asset management, in addition to supporting the delivery of services, also contributes to meeting public policy objectives. The research question is: How can governments utilize public policy to enable asset management and consequently achieve societal objectives. A variety of public policy instruments used to enable infrastructure asset management and support achievement of government goals and objectives, such as the UN SDGs, are outlined and analyzed. The methodology involved a survey and case studies drawn from three countries, focused on the water sector. It also presents outcomes, common elements, and the need for and benefits of standardization.

Guiding the building occupants under fire emergency to a safe place is an open research problem. Finding solutions to address the problem requires a perfect knowledge of the fire building evacuation domain. The use of ontologies to model knowledge of a domain allows a common and shared understanding of that domain, between people and heterogeneous systems. This paper presents an ontology that aims to build a knowledge model to better understand the referred domain and to help develop more capable building evacuation solutions and systems. The herein proposed ontology considers the different variables and actors involved in the fire building evacuation process. We followed the Methontology methodology for its developing, and we present all the development steps, from the specification to its implementation with the Protégé tool.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant reservoirs of bacterial resistance. This work aims to identify the determinants of resistance produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Portugal. A total of 96 wastewater samples were obtained between 2016 and 2019. The numbers of total aerobic and fecal contamination bacteria were evaluated, and genomic features were searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Enterobacteriaceae corresponded to 78.6% (n = 161) of the 205 isolates identified by 16sRNA. The most frequent isolates were Escherichia spp. (57.1%, n = 117), followed by Aeromonas spp. (16.1%, n = 33) and Klebsiella spp. (12.7%, n = 26). The remaining 29 isolates (14.1%) were distributed across 10 different genera. Among the 183 resistant genes de-tected, 54 isolates produced extended spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBL), of which blaCTX-M-15 was pre-dominant (37 isolates; 68.5%). A KPC-3 carbapenemase-producing K. oxytoca was identified (n = 1), with blaKPC-3 included in a transposon Tn4401 isoform b. A higher number of virulence genes (VG) (19 genes) was found in the E. coli 5301 (O25b-ST131-B2) isolate compared with a commensal E. coli 5281 (O25b-ST410-A) (six genes). Both shared five VG [Enterobactin; Aerobactin, CFA/1 (clade ?); Type1 (clade ?1); Type IV]. In conclusion, this work highlights the role of relevant clinical bacteria in WWTPs, such as KPC-3-producing K. oxytoca, and, for the first time, a CTX-M-15-producing Ochromobactrum intermedium, a human opportunistic pathogen, and a SED-1-producing Citrobacter farmeri, an uncommon CTX-M-type extended-spectrum be-ta-lactamase.

É cada vez mais usual o recurso à modelação numérica para a simulação de eventos de galgamento, inundação e erosão em zonas costeiras. Neste estudo, recorre-se ao acoplamento de dois modelos, SWAN + XBeach (modo surf beat), para a propagação da agitação marítima do largo até à zona de espraio e para reproduzir a evolução morfodinâmica, a fim de avaliar a ocorrência de galgamento e erosão resultantes de eventos meteo-oceanográficos extremos. O local de estudo incide sobre o sector urbano artificializado da Costa da Caparica, que é composto por um campo de esporões e uma estrutura de proteção aderente em toda a extensão, formando seis células de praia arenosa. As simulações cobriram 96 h de forçamentos oceanográficos, representando, assim, a passagem da tempestade Hércules/Christine, entre os dias 3 e 7 de janeiro de 2014. O modelo SWAN propagou com sucesso as condições de agitação marítima para a área de estudo, quando comparado com os dados registados pela boia do Porto de Lisboa. Em relação ao modelo XBeach, este foi capaz de reproduzir alguma da evolução morfodinâmica espectável, contudo a erosão da praia emersa ficou aquém dos relatos documentados, não tendo sido possível avaliar quantitativamente os resultados. O alcance máximo do espraio obtido ao longo deste troço de costa foi inferior ao documentado, o que induz a falhas na previsão de inundações devido ao galgamento. Estes resultados podem ser devidos a uma parametrização inadequada do modelo e/ou à falta de levantamentos topo-batimétricos da praia. Esta abordagem metodológica representa um passo importante para uma melhor estimativa da evolução morfodinâmica na Costa da Caparica devido a eventos de tempestade e significa um importante esforço inicial para melhorar a avaliação dos eventos de galgamento e inundação.

O HIDRALERTA é um sistema de avaliação, previsão e alerta do risco da ocorrência de situações de emergência associadas aos efeitos da agitação marítima (galgamento, inundação e navios amarrados) em zonas costeiras e portuárias. Sendo um sistema de alerta, é fundamental que funcione corretamente, quer em situações correntes (apenas emitindo alertas quando tal se justifique), quer em situações de tempestade. Neste trabalho são apresentados os desenvolvimentos efetuados até à data na validação do sistema em situações de tempestade, com a sua aplicação na simulação do furacão Lorenzo e das depressões Elsa e Fabien. Da análise efetuada pode concluir-se que os alertas emitidos pelo sistema estiveram em oncordância com os danos/ocorrências reportadas localmente, o que contribui para reforçar a confiança no sistema que está a ser desenvolvido. A característica diferenciadora deste trabalho é que a avaliação do risco é efetuada com base nos parâmetros específicos do risco que se pretende prever, como caudais de galgamento ou as forças nas amarrações, e não apenas em parâmetros meteorológicos e oceanográficos.

Overbank flows occur in alluvial valleys during flood events when the conveyance of main channel of rivers is exceeded. Once floodplains are inundated and the so-called compound channel flow is observed, the faster flow in the main channel interacts with the slower flow in the floodplain featuring a much more pronounced 3D flow structure compared to single channel flow. These flow mechanisms comprise a shear layer near the interface, lateral momentum transfer and strong secondary currents due to the non-isotropic turbulence. This paper starts by giving an overview of the main flow mechanisms in compound channels pointing out the importance of taking into account the apparent shear stress generated between the main channel and the floodplain flows due to the interaction of these flows. A new simple model was developed to include the apparent shear stress concept as a correction of the Manning roughness coefficient of main channel and floodplains. The proposed method for predicting stage–discharge relationships was calibrated and validated by experimental data from several compound channel facilities. A significant improvement in prediction of the compound channel conveyance in comparison with the traditional methods was achieved.

Neste artigo faz-se uma apresentação e análise comentada do conjunto de habitação de interesse social na Figueira da Foz, Gala, concluído em 2005 com projeto de Arquitectura do atelier de Duarte Nuno Simões e que foi Prémio INH de promoção privada em 2006. Em primeiro lugar desenvolve-se o enquadramento do conjunto da Gala no âmbito da promoção habitacional de interesse social, que tem sido implementada em Portugal, passando-se, em seguida, para uma pequena discussão sobre o interesse que se julga ter uma nova habitação de interesse social estrategicamente programada em pequenas intervenções faseadas. Depois e incidindo sobre o referido conjunto da Gala desenvolvem-se análises na temática da Arquitectura residencial e apontam-se alguns comentários relativos, sequencialmente: (i) à Arquitectura urbana e à apropriação pelos habitantes; (ii) à Arquitectura dos edifícios e a aspetos construtivos considerados mais relevantes; e (iii) à Arquitectura dos espaços domésticos; concluindo-se o artigo com algumas breves notas finais sobre a intervenção na Gala.

The present study aims at evaluating the impact of anobiid damage on pine timber elements. Anobiid attack produces a diffuse damage of the elements with a set of tunnels in random directions and sizes, thus confusing quantification. Therefore, a method was developed based on X-ray micro-computed tomography (?-XCT) to obtain, for naturally infested timber samples, an empirical correlation between lost material percentage (consumed by beetles) and timber apparent density (original, before degradation—OTD and residual, after degradation—RTD). The quantified density loss can then be used in further assessment of the structure. The results of the tests performed showed high correlation between original apparent density and lost material percentage (r2 = 0.60) and between residual apparent density and lost material percentage (r2 = 0.83), which confirms ?-XCT as a valuable tool to the required quantification. The loss of density results can be further applied on the definition of an assessment method for the evaluation of the residual strength of anobiids infested timber, thus contributing to reducing unnecessary replacement. The optimized procedure of the ?-XCT study for infested Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) is presented and discussed in this article.