Papers
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Detecting unforgiving roadside contributors through the severity analysis of ran-off-road crashes
The objective of this paper is to study the contributors influencing ran-off-road (ROR) crash severities in a setting that has not been analysed in the literature, namely on freeways not designed according to the forgiving roadside concept. To accomplish the analysis, ROR crash data were collected on freeway road sections in Portugal and multinomial and mixed logit models were estimated using the driver injury and the most severely injured occupant as outcome variables. Our results are in line with previous findings reported in the literature on ROR crash severity in a number of distinct settings. Most importantly, this study shows the contribution of critical slopes and vehicle rollover towards fatal injuries and highlights the importance of introducing the forgiving roadside concept to mitigate ROR crash severity in Portuguese freeways. The study also indicates the importance of protecting errant vehicles particularly in horizontal curves, as these are linked with fatalities. Finally, the empirical findings from the developed models revealed problems in current Portuguese roadside design, especially with regards to criteria for forgiving slopes provision and warrants for safety barrier installation.
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
262-273pp..
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Moura, F.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
80.
Keywords: Portuguese freeways; Forgiving roadside; Mixed logit; Multinomial logit; Ran-off-road crash; Crash severity models
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Driving societal changes towards an electromobility future.
This article is part of the topical collection on "Driving societal changes towards an electro-mobility future".
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
7-37pp..
Author(s): Coppola, P.; Arsénio, E.
: European Transport Research Review
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Transport costs; European transport policy; Transport planning; Greenhouse gas emissions; Plug-in hybrid vehicles; Battery electric vehicles; Societal changes; Electromobility
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SAFESIDE: A computer-aided procedure for integrating benefits and costs in roadside safety intervention decision making
Collisions with dangerous roadside obstacles and rollovers are responsible for many injuries and deaths in highways worldwide. International crash data indicate that roadside characteristics contribute to more than half of all run-off-road injury crashes (RORIC) involving serious injury or death. Furthermore, roadside geometric characteristics are believed to be the leading cause of rollover in single-vehicle RORIC. Differences in each countrys road network features, car vehicle stock, driving behavior, characteristics of roadside obstacles and economical aspects justify the need for evaluating the merit of specific approaches to roadside safety issues. Results from recent studies carried out at the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil LNEC have shown that important differences exist between RORIC in Portuguese roads, when they are compared with RORIC in roads from other countries. A framework was developed for assisting in cost-effective decisions as regards roadside safety interventions, which is based on results from the analysis of registered data and the observation of inservice performance of installed equipments on Portuguese roads. A brief description is provided of costbenefit analysis software tools for safety evaluation and simulation of roadside scenarios, which were developed at LNEC under a dedicated research project SAFESIDE-roadside safety. The software contains a list of roadside safety measures (including the present value of their implementation costs and their safety effects) and an accident categorization (based on predictive models for crash frequencies and crash costs). The software is being disseminated by road authorities and relevant technical stakeholders, within the current revision of Portuguese road design standards.
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
195-205 pp.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Safety Science
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Volume 74.
Keywords: Crash modification factors; Crash prediction models; Software; Costbenefit analysis; Roadside safety
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Setting a city strategy for low carbon emissions: the role of electric vehicles, renewable energy and energy efficiency.
One of the European policy objectives, as envisaged by the EC Transport White Paper, is to reduce Europe's dependence on imported oil and to cut greenhouse gas emission (GHG) from transport by 20% by 2030 and by 70% until 2050 (with respect to 2008 levels). For achieving this goal, the role of integrated energy and urban mobility systems are explored as part of a citys strategy towards sustainability (2011-2020). For developing future scenarios, we used best practice foresight analysis methods, where the desirable future relates to European policy goals. In this research we adapt the extended metabolism model of a city developed by Newman (1999) and the material and energy flow accounting by Sheeri (2002) to assess the future role of electric vehicles, renewable energy use for mobility needs and energy efficiency increases for households living in the city of Aveiro, a medium-sized city of 78450 inhabitants in Portugal. The social costs of carbon related to alternative vehicle technologies (electric vehicles) are assessed, along with the integration of renewable energy. Several energy sources were considered: hydric, wind, solar (thermic and photovoltaic) and solid waste (incineration and biogas). A Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was performed for this estimation, where a share of 56% of renewable energy was assumed to be achieved until 2020. It was found that each battery electric vehicle (BEV) and use of renewable energy has an external cost associated to climate change of 0.032 /1000pkm in 2011 and 0.012 /1000pkm in 2020. For the city of Aveiro, this represents an external cost of 7094 in terms of CO2 related emissions in 2020. If all conventional fuelled vehicles were replaced by electric bicycles (EBs), an energy reduction of 98.1% and an emission reduction of 3893 kg CO2eq per year (avoided CO2eq external costs of 5.96M) could be achieved.
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
190-202 pp..
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.; Pontes, J.
: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning
Editor: WIT Press
Volume:
volume 2, number 2.
Keywords: Battery electric vehicles; Electric bicycles; Traffic calming measures; Climate change costs; CO2 emissions; European transport policy and planning; Energy efficiency; Renewable energy
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Automatic vehicle trajectory extraction by aerial remote sensing
Research in road users behaviour typically depends on detailed observational data availability, particularly if the interest is in driving behaviour modelling. Among this type of data, vehicle trajectories are an important source of information for traffic flow theory, driving behaviour modelling, innovation in traffic management and safety and environmental studies. Recent developments in sensing technologies and image processing algorithms reduced the resources (time and costs) required for detailed traffic data collection, promoting the feasibility of site-based and vehicle-based naturalistic driving observation. For testing the core models of a traffic microsimulation application for safety assessment, vehicle trajectories were collected by remote sensing on a typical Portuguese suburban motorway. Multiple short flights over a stretch of an urban motorway allowed for the collection of several partial vehicle trajectories. In this paper the technical details of each step of the methodology used is presented: image collection, image processing, vehicle identification and vehicle tracking. To collect the images, a high-resolution camera was mounted on an aircraft's gyroscopic platform. The camera was connected to a DGPS for extraction of the camera position and allowed the collection of high-resolution images at a low frame rate of 2s. After generic image orthorectification using the flight details and the terrain model, computer vision techniques were used for fine rectification: the scale-invariant feature transform algorithm was used for detection and description of image features, and the random sample consensus algorithm for feature matching. Vehicle detection was carried out by median-based background subtraction. After the computation of the detected foreground and the shadow detection using a spectral ratio technique, region segmentation was used to identify candidates for vehicle positions. Finally, vehicles were tracked using a k-shortest disjoints paths algorithm. This approach allows for the optimization of an entire set of trajectories against all possible position candidates using motion-based optimization. Besides the importance of a new trajectory dataset that allows the development of new behavioural models and the validation of existing ones, this paper also describes the application of state-of-the-art algorithms and methods that significantly minimize the resources needed for such data collection.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
849-858.
Author(s): Lima Azevedo, C.; Cardoso, J. L.; Ben-Akiva, M.; Costeira, J.; Marques, M.
: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
111.
Keywords: remote sensing; Driving behaviour; Vehicle trajectories extraction
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Equity in Public Transport: An intractable policy problem or a set of methodological challenges?
Equity inclusion in transport policy and planning remains a complex and, often, it is considered an intractable problem. Indeed, addressing equity in transport decision making will require a multi-dimensional perspective in a dynamic socio-technical and political environments, where territorial and time variables play a role. Although all transport actions (programs, plans and projects) have equity impacts, the ex ante equity assessment of transport investments is rarely done in practice. As such, the distribution of transport impacts (benefits and costs) is often perceived as unfair across the population/territory (vertical and spatial equity issues), specially when transport investments exclude several groups (non-drivers, people with disabilities, lower-income, non-motorized users such as cyclists and pedestrians, etc.). On the other hand, policy makers claim for horizontal equity in public policies and, therefore, road transport users shall pay for the costs of infrastructures provision/use (this includes external costs such as congestion and pollution). Therefore, transport planning problems involve the consideration of multi-faceted equity objectives. This paper aims to contribute to embed equity into future transport policies and investments. The research is anchored in the following preposition - any future guidance to include equity in transport decision-making will depend on the possibility of innovation and cross-fertilization of theory and practice across multiple disciplines and policy sectors. The method comprises the following inter-related steps: a) Integration of methodological insights to transport equity analysis through integration of other theories and practices that resulted from a comprehensive review of key research policy streams such as: i) socio-technical transition and innovation decision making and ii) health policies. The former is considered due to the importance of integrated transport governance models and the dynamics of change (co-evolution of institutions and infrastructures, technology and society and inter-linkages) as the appropriate foundation for equity, whereas the health care industry provides a rich database for addressing both equity issues and quality of access (to health services). b) Assessment of key challenges to policy and equity evaluation that result from the consideration of step a) in setting a fare policy. This will be demonstrated through a case study developed for Haifa metropolitan area which evaluated equity impacts of bus public transport fare changes. To the best of our knowledge, this research is novel in being the first attempt to integrate the above streams for advancing the equity problem in transport. The literature review on transport policy and equity evaluation reveals that there is no agreed upon methodological framework to account for and to measure equity in transport. Since no harmonized conceptual framework exists yet in Europe, further developments are requirement before equity considerations can be fully incorporated into the decision making process. As such, expected results from this multidisciplinary fertilization will contribute to outline an improved roadmap for equity evaluation in transport.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.
Editor: Universidade de Cantabria
Keywords: Cost action tu1209; Transport planning; Transport economics and policies; Equity analysis; Accessibility; Public transport
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Investigating the relationship between run-off-the-road crash frequency and traffic flow through different functional forms
Crash prediction models play a major role in highway safety analysis. These models can be used for various purposes, such as predicting the number of road crashes or establishing relationships between these crashes and different covariates. However, the appropriate choice for the functional form of these models is generally not discussed in research literature on road safety. In case of run-off-the-road crashes, empirical evidence and logical considerations lead to conclusion that the relationship between expected frequency and traffic flow is not monotonously increasing.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
121132.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J.
: Accident Analysis & Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Volume 63.
Keywords: Confidence intervals; Functional form; Run-off-the-road crash; Crash prediction models
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Setting a City Strategy for Low Carbon Emissions: the role of electric vehicles, renewable energy and energy efficiency
One of the European policy objectives, as envisaged by the EC Transport White Paper, is to reduce Europe's dependence on imported oil and to cut greenhouse gas emission (GHG) from transport by 20% by 2030 and by 70% until 2050 (with respect to 2008 levels). For achieving this goal, the role of integrated energy and urban mobility systems are explored as part of a citys strategy towards sustainability (2011-2020). For developing future scenarios, we used best practice foresight analysis methods, where the desirable future relates to European policy goals. In this research we adapt the extended metabolism model of a city developed by Newman (1999) and the material and energy flow accounting by Sheeri (2002) to assess the future role of electric vehicles, renewable energy use for mobility needs and energy efficiency increases for households living in the city of Aveiro, a medium-sized city of 78450 inhabitants in Portugal. The social costs of carbon related to alternative vehicle technologies (electric vehicles) are assessed, along with the integration of renewable energy. Several energy sources were considered: hydric, wind, solar (thermic and photovoltaic) and solid waste (incineration and biogas). A Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was performed for this estimation, where a share of 56% of renewable energy was assumed to be achieved until 2020. It was found that each battery electric vehicle (BEV) and use of renewable energy has an external cost associated to climate change of 0.032 /1000pkm in 2011 and 0.012 /1000pkm in 2020. For the city of Aveiro, this represents an external cost of 7094 in terms of CO2 related emissions in 2020. If all conventional fuelled vehicles were replaced by electric bicycles (EBs), an energy reduction of 98.1% and an emission reduction of 3893 kg CO2eq per year (avoided CO2eq external costs of 5.96M) could be achieved.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.; Pontes, J.
: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, ISSN: 1743-761X
Editor: WIT Press, UK
Keywords: City of aveiro; Electric bicycles; Traffic calming measures; Climate change costs; Carbon emissions; European transport policy and planning; Renewable energy; Electric vehicles
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Vehicle tracking using the k-shortest paths algorithm and dual graphs
Vehicle trajectory descriptions are required for the development of driving behaviour models and in the calibration of several traffic simulation applications. In recent years, the progress in aerial sensing technologies and image processing algorithms allowed for easier collection of such detailed traffic datasets and multiple-object tracking based on constrained flow optimization has been shown to produce very satisfactory results, even in high density traffic situations. This method uses individual image features collected for each candidate vehicle as criteria in the optimization process. When dealing with poor image quality or low ground sampling distances, feature-based optimization may produce unreal trajectories. In this paper we extend the application of the k-shortest paths algorithm for multiple-object tracking to the motion-based optimization. A graph of possible connections between successive candidate positions was built using a first level criteria based on speeds. Dual graphs were built to account for acceleration-based and acceleration variation-based criteria. With this framework both longitudinal and lateral motion-based criteria are contemplated in the optimization process. The k-shortest disjoints paths algorithm was then used to determine the optimal set of trajectories (paths) on the constructed graph. The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to a vehicle positions dataset, collected through aerial remote sensing on a Portuguese suburban motorway. Besides the importance of a new trajectory dataset that will allow for the estimation of new behavioural models and the validation of existing ones, the motion-based multiple-vehicle tracking algorithm allowed for a fast and effective processing using a simple optimization formulation.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
pp3 - 11.
Author(s): Lima Azevedo, C.; Cardoso, J. L.; Ben-Akiva, M.
: Transportation Research Procedia
Editor: Elsevier, BV
Volume:
Vol 1, Issue 1.
Keywords: Remote sensing; Driver behaviour; Image processing; Vehicle trajectories
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Exposure data and risk indicators for safety performance assessment in Europe
The objective of this paper is the analysis of the state-of-the-art in risk indicators and exposure data for safety performance assessment in Europe, in terms of data availability, collection methodologies and use. More specifically, the concepts of exposure and risk are explored, as well as the theoretical properties of various exposure measures used in road safety research (e.g. vehicle- and person-kilometres of travel, vehicle fleet, road length, driver population, time spent in traffic, etc.). Moreover, the existing methods for collecting disaggregate exposure data for risk estimates at national level are presented and assessed, including survey methods (e.g. travel surveys, traffic counts) and databases (e.g. national registers). A detailed analysis of the availability and quality of existing risk exposure data is also carried out. More specifically, the results of a questionnaire survey in the European countries are presented, with detailed information on exposure measures available, their possible disaggregations (i.e. variables and values), their conformity to standard definitions and the characteristics of their national collection methods. Finally, the potential of international risk comparisons is investigated, mainly through the International Data Files with exposure data (e.g. Eurostat, IRTAD, ECMT, UNECE, IRF, etc.). The results of this review confirm that comparing risk rates at international level may be a complex task, as the availability and quality of exposure estimates in European countries varies significantly. The lack of a common framework for the collection and exploitation of exposure data limits significantly the comparability of the national data. On the other hand, the International Data Files containing exposure data provide useful statistics and estimates in a systematic way and are currently the only sources allowing international comparisons of road safety performance under certain conditions.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
371-383.
Author(s): Papadimitriou, E.; Yannis, G.; Bijleveld , F.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
60.
Keywords: Data quality; Exposure; Risk
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Comunicação
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Conceção de redes rodoviárias em zonas de 30 km/h
A conceção tradicional do ambiente rodoviário em zonas urbanas tem dado primazia ao espaço destinado ao tráfego automóvel, disponibilizando pouco espaço para os restantes utentes. A alteração do paradigma da mobilidade que vivemos atualmente tem invertido esta tendência, com uma crescente prioritização de espaço para os utentes vulneráveis. A conceção deste espaço deve no entanto ser efetuada de forma a garantir a segurança, a atratividade e a funcionalidade do espaço urbano, permitindo a fruição confortável desse espaço por todos os utentes. Neste contexto, as Zonas 30 podem ser vistas como soluções eficazes para alcançar esses objectivos. Neste resumo é apresentado o trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito de uma dissertação de mestrado sobre a conceção de redes rodoviárias em zonas de 30 km/h, no qual são apresentadas recomendações de soluções geométricas para estas áreas que assentam no conceito de estrada autoexplicativa e nos princípios do Sistema Seguro.
Year: 2021
Author(s): Ferreira, J.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Fontul, S.
Editor: ISEP
Keywords: Sistema Seguro; Arruamentos Urbanos; Segurança Rodoviária; Zona 30
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Identifying barriers to the potential implementation of road safety good practices in Africa
Africa is the worst performing Continent in road safety and year after year the situation worsens. To reverse this trend, it is essential to bear in mind that road safety problems in Africa should be preferably considered in their own context, as well as the proposed solutions to address them. Towards this direction, the objective of this paper is to present the development of the SaferAfrica Transferability Audit within the EU funded SaferAfrica project, and its pilot application to identify the barriers to the potential implementation of good road safety practices in five selected African Countries (Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, and South Africa). The proposed tool allows assessing whether the implementation of a given road safety intervention may face problems within one (or more) of the three domains of the Road Safety Space: Society/Culture, Economy, and Institutions. A total of 14 responses were obtained from stakeholders of the five countries. The stakeholders surveyed have different backgrounds: public employees, academics and non-governmental organizations participants. Cameroon had the largest participation, with a total of eight responses; two responses were received from Burkina Faso and Tunisia, each; and only one response was received from Kenya and South Africa. With a total of five responses, the Safer Road Users pillar of the African Road Safety Action Plan was the one with the highest participation. Economy issues are the most challenging for transferability of road safety interventions in Kenya, South Africa and Tunisia, while in Burkina Faso and Cameroon it is Society/Culture.
Year: 2020
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Gonzalez-Hernandez, B.; Meta, E.; Persia, L.; Usami , D.; Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: Transportation Research Board
Keywords: Safety and Human Factors; Policy
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A comparative analysis of transport policies and planning towards sustainable mobility
The research presented in this article reflects on the transport policy and planning processes in France and Portugal. The transport policy and planning processes in France began in 1982 with the publication of the law of orientation for inland transports (LOTI). France with more than thirty years of experience on developing Plans de déplacements urbains (PDUs) - an integrated planning tool equivalent to Sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMPS), has these plans as mandatory for agglomerations of more than 100,000 inhabitants by its national law issued in 1996 and that was made effective in 2000. The French experience of transforming the PDUs in Plans de mobilité urbaine soutenable (PMUS) is then analysed. It has led to the development of SUMPS at the European level with the publication of the EC recommendations and its 2013 former publication revised in 2014 SUMP. However, SUMPS are still non-existing planning tools in several Member States. Considering the cross-fertilisation of planning experiences between France and Portugal, the transport policy and planning processes in Portugal are analysed. Portugal has recent mobility planning experiences that had been trigged somehow by the requirements set by the external funding mechanisms and the willingness of policy makers to move together for reaching common societal goals such decarbonisation. This is the case of the living lab experience of the Intermunicipal Community of the Algarve (AMAL), a Regional Transport Authority, responsible for the development of the designated Action Plan for Sustainable Urban Mobility (Regional PAMUS) that had the scientific support of the LNEC on its methodological aspects. The development of the regional PAMUS included several interconnected components that represented innovative features in the context: an integrated approach for the development of the plans, that included a collaborative platform of all the sixteen cities in the region and more than fifty stakeholders; a formal agreement signed by all the City Mayors to work together towards sustainable mobility goals; a common vision (to reach carbon neutrality in the long-run); a communication strategy to the public; the acquisition of cycling data using the STRAVA interface; and, the development of a technological component to facilitate the interaction with citizens (app VAMUS). The research considers the above mentioned cross-fertilization of experiences for conducting a SWOT analysis such that the remaining challenges for future mobility and accessibility in the member states analysed can be outlined.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
19p.
Author(s): Heddebaut, O.; Arsénio, E.
Editor: Elsevier
Keywords: Transport economics; Carbon-neutral mobility; Collaborative planning; Sustainable urban mobility plans; Transport policy; Transport planning
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A hybrid approach for prioritising road safety interventions in urban areas
Spatial organization in cities has often given a special attention to the requirements of motorized vehicles, neglecting pedestrians and cyclists needs. In order to privilege these road users, there is a need to consider their vulnerability and ensure they are provided with comfortable safety levels. Pedestrian safety can be improved with the knowledge of the underlying factors involved in crash occurrence and resulting injuries. The consideration of variables related to the built environment in explanation of crashes and injury outcomes is frequent and helpful. The city of Lisbon was the target for the development of models for the prediction of crash frequencies and their severity, wich could be used to identify high crash risk sites. This procedure contributed to support the intervention in road safety, concerning decisions about the choice of locations for intervention, the characterization of their safety problems, the selection of proper corrective interventions to implement as well as the assessment of the effects obtained with those interventions.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Roque, C.; Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: University of Brescia
Keywords: Injury Prediction Models; Crash prediction models; Pedestrian safety; Urban Areas; Road safety
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Análise da gravidade dos atropelamentos em Lisboa
A segurança dos peões pode ser melhorada através do conhecimento dos fatores influentes na ocorrência de acidentes e vítimas. Neste domínio é comum a consideração de variáveis relacionadas com o ambiente rodoviário para explicar o fenómeno e a gravidade das suas consequências. Nesta comunicação apresenta-se um estudo que visou aumentar o conhecimento nesta matéria, através da análise da influência de vários fatores nos níveis de gravidade das lesões por atropelamento, como sejam características selecionadas da infraestrutura, usos do solo, população e outros fatores de exposição. Foi utilizada para este fim uma base de dados georreferenciada de acidentes rodoviários e vítimas ocorridos em Lisboa entre 2008 e 2011.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Roque, C.; Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: CRP
Keywords: SIG; Modelo de regressão multinomial logística; Ambiente construído; Gravidade das lesões; Segurança pedonal
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Aplicação de modelos de duração à segurança rodoviária: o caso particular dos despistes.
A análise de dados de sinistralidade rodoviária tem sido usada para orientar políticas conducentes à melhoria da segurança rodoviária, bem como para melhorar a conceção e o dimensionamento de estradas e veículos. As metodologias estatísticas atualmente aplicadas à informação registada sobre sinistralidade permitem o desenvolvimento de modelos de estimativa de frequência dos acidentes e modelos explicativos da gravidade dos mesmos, capazes de serem usados para determinar com rigor a influência de múltiplos fatores na frequência e gravidade das lesões resultantes dos acidentes rodoviários. Outrossim, é possível aprofundar o conhecimento existente sobre os fatores acima mencionados, recorrendo a outras abordagens metodológicas. Neste contexto, é possível estudar o tempo decorrido (ou a distância percorrida) até à ocorrência de um evento ou a duração do mesmo. Dados como estes, são referidos na literatura como dados de duração, e podem ser analisados através de modelos de duração baseados em risco (Hazard-based duration models), os quais têm sido amplamente utilizados em campos como a medicina, as ciências sociais e a engenharia industrial. Contudo, são escassos os estudos que aplicaram modelos de duração à segurança rodoviária. Através do desenvolvimento destes modelos, o estudo reportado na presente comunicação permitiu identificar o efeito de diversos fatores na distância percorrida por um veículo descontrolado após sair da faixa de rodagem e embater num obstáculo perigoso presente na área adjacente à faixa de rodagem. Este estudo demonstra que os modelos de duração são adequados à investigação das distâncias percorridas por veículos descontrolados em despistes. Os resultados obtidos podem contribuir para a melhoria das características da área adjacente à faixa de rodagem e para a implementação de medidas mais eficientes para mitigar a gravidade dos despistes.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Jalayer, M.
Editor: Centro Rodoviário Português
Keywords: Área adjacente à faixa de rodagem; Modelo Cox; Despiste; Modelo de duração
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Avaliação do impacte potencial do programa U-bike nos padrões de mobilidade da comunidade do Instituto Superior Técnico
O governo português lançou o programa nacional U-Bike que visa incentivar os alunos, professores e funcionários das universidades a optarem pela bicicleta nas suas deslocações regulares, através de um programa de aluguer de longa duração de bicicletas convencionais ou assistidas eletricamente. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o potencial de adesão ao programa U-Bike e mudança de comportamento na mobilidade, baseado num inquérito on-line realizado à comunidade do campus da Alameda do Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), com 1406 respostas válidas. Os resultados sugerem que uma parte importante desta comunidade poderia aderir ao U-Bike, nomeadamente se as bicicletas fossem elétricas.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Moura, F.; Félix, R.; Roque, C. A.
Editor: Centro Rodoviário Português
Keywords: Instituto Superior Técnico (IST); Modelos Hierárquicos de Escolha Discreta; Mudança comportamental; Aluguer de longa duração; Sistemas partilhados de bicicletas
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Gravidade das consequências associadas à colisão com barreiras de segurança. Aspetos relevantes para as respetivas normas de desempenho
Os sistemas de retenção de veículos são utilizados para proteger os ocupantes dos veículos desgovernados do embate em obstáculos perigosos ou noutros veículos que circulem na faixa de rodagem de sentido contrária. A norma EN 1317 resulta da investigação realizada na Europa ao longo de vários anos e que permitiu desenvolver uma forma padronizada de caracterizar, ensaiar e avaliar o desempenho destes sistemas. A norma EN 1317 permite a comparação entre sistemas ensaiados sob as mesmas condições e permite obter um referencial para determinar e distinguir o âmbito de aplicação de cada sistema de retenção. Contudo, o desempenho de uma barreira em caso de choque depende de um conjunto de parâmetros contextuais, nomeadamente o local da respetiva instalação, as condições do solo e considerações ambientais, sendo igualmente importante considerar o ciclo de vida da barreira. Por outro lado, a gravidade dos ferimentos produzidos num acidente depende, fundamentalmente, dos limites de tolerância do ser humano relativamente a forças, desacelerações e tempos da correspondente atuação, bem como da eficácia dos dispositivos de absorção de energia cinética disponibilizados aos utentes rodoviários em caso de colisão. Os critérios de avaliação da gravidade das consequências são um meio de estimação do potencial de lesão para um ser humano ocupante de um veículo envolvido num acidente rodoviário. No caso das barreiras de segurança, o nível de gravidade do embate está associado exclusivamente ao risco de lesão para os ocupantes do veículo, o qual é estimado a partir de critérios de avaliação baseados no veículo. Neste âmbito, a análise reportada na presente comunicação permitiu constatar a ausência de estudos capazes de relacionar diretamente as consequências dos acidentes com os aspetos utilizados na norma EN 1317 para avaliação de desempenho dos sistemas de retenção de veículos, no que diz respeito aos níveis de gravidade nela definidos, bem como a ausência de referências na referida norma à gravidade esperada das lesões associadas a cada um destes níveis. Justifica-se assim a adoção de novos indicadores biomecânicos que representem mais fielmente o grau de segurança passiva disponibilizado pelos sistemas de retenção de veículos existentes.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: Centro Rodoviário Português
Keywords: Nível de gravidade; EN 1317; Sistemas de retenção de veículos
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Investigação em segurança rodoviária em Portugal: a utilização de bases de dados hospitalares e sua ligação a outras bases
Da evolução crescente das tecnologias de informação, com a recolha de dados de forma sistemática e ininterrupta ao longo do tempo, associada aos avanços mais recentes nas metodologias estatísticas aplicadas à informação registada sobre sinistralidade, resulta a necessidade da junção de bases de dados de origens diversas. No presente estudo foram recolhidos dados de várias fontes. Por um lado, o conhecimento das características das vítimas foi possível através da base de dados disponibilizada pela Autoridade Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária (ANSR), a qual inclui um conjunto de parâmetros contextuais relativos às características das infraestruturas rodoviárias. A esta informação acresce a que diz respeito ao eventual transporte das vítimas para os hospitais, fornecida pelo Instituto Nacional de Emergência Médica (INEM). Tais dados são recolhidos nos casos de acidentes de maior gravidade, onde uma viatura de emergência médica é enviada ao local e as vítimas são transportadas para o hospital de referência. Este transporte é fornecido pelo INEM e os dados recolhidos para uma base de dados específica. Adicionalmente, foi utilizada a base de dados de morbilidade hospitalar da Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde. Esta base de dados, diz respeito ao período após a chegada das vítimas ao hospital, onde estas são avaliadas pela equipa clínica presente no serviço de urgência e em que, durante ou após o seu internamento, são classificadas perante um sistema de classificação pertencente à referida base de dados consoante o trauma apresentado. Serve o presente artigo para mostrar os principais desafios da junção de várias bases de dados de entidades tão distintas no seu âmbito de atuação e cujo resultado gerou a cooperação intersectorial entre a Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP) da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e o INEM. No âmbito do presente artigo destaca-se a complementaridade dos dados disponíveis e dos conhecimentos existentes, na descodificação dos modelos biomecânicos, das lesões e das infraestruturas, mecanismo chave para o eficaz desenrolar da investigação e para a obtenção de resultados que cada entidade, trabalhando de forma independente, nunca conseguiria obter.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Santiago, R.; Roque, C. A.; Lavinha, P.; Nunes, C.
Editor: Centro Rodoviário Português
Keywords: Cooperação intersectorial; Segurança Rodoviária; Base de dados
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Mobilidade sustentável. A vertente do sistema seguro como elemento a integrar para abordagem holística dos problemas dos utentes vulneráveis
A mobilidade sustentável pode ser definida como a capacidade para atender às necessidades da sociedade (de livre movimentação, acessibilidade, comunicação, realização de trocas comerciais e de estabelecimento de relações) sem sacrificar outros valores humanos ou ecológicos essenciais, no presente e no futuro. A presente comunicação versa sobre a abordagem da segurança dos utentes rodoviários desprotegidos, particularmente nos aglomerados urbanos, dando-se ênfase à necessária introdução de novos indicadores de sinistralidade (conceito de acidente em viagem), à melhoria da supervisão da respetiva evolução e à configuração do espaço público na ótica do sistema seguro, imprescindíveis para atingir os objetivos do PENSE 2020.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.; Vieira Gomes, S.
Editor: Centro Rodoviário Português
Keywords: Políticas de segurança de transportes; Indicadores socioeconómicos; Saúde pública; Segurança rodoviária
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Books
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The effect of low cost engineering measures and enforcement on driver behaviour and safety on single carriageway interurban trunk roads. In Advances in Human Aspects of Road and Rail Transportation.
The application of low-cost road and traffic engineering measures (LCEM) is a cost-effective method for reducing accidents and their consequences. Empirical evidence shows that enforcement contributes to improvements on driving behaviour and road safety; however, results from reducing enforcement are seldom presented. In this paper a presentation is made of the impact LCEM and changes in enforcement intensity had on selected driving behaviour variables and safety levels on a 170 km single carriageway trunk road. LCEM were implemented on the road, followed a year later by the commitment of exceptionally intense and severe law enforcement and, after two years, its relaxation. The impacts of these safety interventions were evaluated through observational before-after studies. The expected number of injury accidents was reduced by 41% (less 75% fatalities), when considering the combined effect of LCEM and enforcement; suppression of strict enforcement was related to a 20% increase in the number of fatalities.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group
Keywords: Driving behaviour; Low cost measures; Safety effects
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Application of a gap-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of a stretch of the national road EN1 located in the north of Portugal - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to a successful application of an asphalt rubber wearing course in the frame of the rehabilitation of the pavement of the National Road EN 1 between Landiosa and Picoto. It concerns asphalt rubber manufactured by the wet process, using gap-graded aggregates. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à aplicação bem sucedida de misturas com betume modificado com borracha reciclada de pneus em camada de desgaste, no âmbito das obras de reabilitação do pavimento da estrada nacional EN 1, entre Landiosa e Picoto. Diz respeito, em particular, ao fabrico, por via húmida, de mistura betuminosa com borracha utilizando agregados com granulometria descontínua.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 124 Não Seriados.
Keywords: Laboratory test; In situ test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Asphalt; Pt
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Modos Suaves, Manual de Boas Práticas para uma Mobilidade Sustentável
Manual de boas práticas para uma mobilidade sustentável, no âmbito do projecto nacional "Mobilidade Sustentável" coordenado pela Agência portuguesa do Ambiente (Vol. II). O projecto Mobilidade Sustentável envolveu uma rede de 15 centros de investigação/universidades do país, incluindo o LNEC.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
274p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Viegas, F.
Editor: Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA)
Volume:
Vol. II.
Keywords: Boas práticas; Portugal; Municípios; Planos de mobilidade; Mobilidade sustentável
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Projecto Mobilidade Sustentável. Concepção, Principais Conclusões e Recomendações
Nesta publicação apresentam-se os aspectos relativos à concepção do projecto Mobilidade Sustentável, principais conclusões e recomendações.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
80p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Viegas, F.
Editor: Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA)
Volume:
Volume I.
Keywords: Planeamento de transportes; Mobilidade sustentável
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Capítulo de Livro
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Modelos de Duração Aplicados à Engenharia de Transportes
O tempo decorrido (ou a distância percorrida) até à ocorrência de um evento, ou a duração do mesmo, podem ser analisados através de modelos de duração baseados em risco (hazard-based duration models), os quais têm sido amplamente utilizados em campos como a medicina, as ciências sociais e a engenharia industrial. Contudo, são relativamente escassos os estudos que aplicaram modelos de duração à engenharia de transportes. Este capítulo inclui dois exemplos de aplicação de modelos de duração à investigação em engenharia de transportes. O primeiro diz respeito às distâncias percorridas por veículos descontrolados em despistes ocorridos na Carolina do Norte (E.U.A.). O segundo refere-se ao tempo decorrido até à transferência modal nas deslocações para a escola de um conjunto de alunos de 162 turmas de 51 escolas do ensino básico em Portugal.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
109-124.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A Experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC
Keywords: Modelo de duração; Engenharia de transportes
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Modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes rodoviários
Em Portugal, a investigação sobre o conhecimento dos fatores que afetam a probabilidade de ocorrência de acidentes tem-se centrado essencialmente nas estradas interurbanas. No entanto, as zonas urbanas, onde ocorrem elevadas percentagens de acidentes corporais requerem uma atenção prioritária. Com o presente estudo pretendeu contribuir-se para a melhoria da segurança rodoviária em meio urbano, através da criação de ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas em métodos de intervenção em que a segurança dos utentes vulneráveis seja considerada explicitamente nas fases de planeamento e gestão das redes viárias. Uma das referidas ferramentas resultou da elaboração de modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes para redes urbanas, segundo diversas desagregações, em função de características do elemento rodoviário: em intersecções (três ramos, quatro ramos e rotundas) e em segmentos; segundo o tipo de acidente (atropelamentos e restantes acidentes com vítimas); e segundo a inclusão de variáveis explicativas relacionadas com o ambiente rodoviário: simplificados (apenas com as variáveis de exposição) e globais (com todas as potenciais variáveis explicativas). O desenvolvimento destes modelos foi apoiado numa base de dados georreferenciada dos acidentes rodoviários ocorridos em Lisboa entre 2004 e 2007, com a qual foi possível explorar os dados de sinistralidade na área geográfica em análise. Estas ferramentas podem ser usadas diretamente na gestão das infraestruturas rodoviárias da cidade de Lisboa e, após pequenas adaptações, estendidas a outros municípios, dotando as respetivas entidades competentes em matéria de segurança rodoviária com informação rigorosa e detalhada sobre os fatores intervenientes na ocorrência de acidentes em meio urbano e a respetiva distribuição espacial.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
71-96pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Método empírico de Bayes; Acidentes rodoviários; Modelação linear generalizada; Zonas de acumulação de acidentes; Modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes
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Modelos Explicativos da Gravidade dos Acidentes Rodoviários
Os dados discretos ou em escala nominal desempenham um papel fundamental nos transportes porque muitas análises de políticas lidam com estes tipos de dados. Exemplos de dados discretos nos transportes incluem o modo de transporte (automóvel, autocarro, comboio), o tipo ou categoria de veículo e o tipo de acidente rodoviário (despistes, colisões frontais, colisões traseiras, etc.). O conhecimento do efeito das diferentes intervenções de segurança rodoviária na redução da gravidade das lesões resultantes de acidentes rodoviários exige uma avaliação empírica detalhada das interações, reconhecidamente complexas, entre veículos, estrada e fatores humanos. Os avanços mais recentes nas metodologias estatísticas aplicadas a dados discretos sobre sinistralidade rodoviária permitiram o desenvolvimento de modelos sofisticados capazes de serem usados para determinar com rigor a influência dos fatores acima referidos nos níveis de gravidade das lesões resultantes dos acidentes rodoviários. Neste contexto, a aplicação de modelos de resultado discreto permite identificar um conjunto de fatores, relacionados com a envolvente rodoviária, que são estatisticamente relacionáveis com a gravidade das lesões dos utentes envolvidos em acidentes rodoviários, permitindo aperfeiçoar a conceção e o dimensionamento das estradas, bem como orientar políticas conducentes à melhoria da segurança rodoviária. Este capítulo inclui um exemplo de aplicação do modelo logit multinomial usando a gravidade das lesões no condutor como variável de resposta.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
97-108.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A Experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Keywords: Acidente rodoviário; Modelo de resultado discreto; Modelo logit multinomial
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A hybrid approach for prioritising road safety interventions in urban areas
Spatial organization in cities has often given a special attention to the requirements of motorized vehicles, neglecting pedestrians and cyclists needs. In order to privilege these road users, there is a need to consider their vulnerability and ensure they are provided with comfortable safety levels. Pedestrian safety can be improved with the knowledge of the underlying factors involved in crash occurrence and resulting injuries. The consideration of variables related to the built environment in explanation of crashes and injury outcomes is frequent and helpful. The city of Lisbon was the target for the development of models for the prediction of crash frequencies and their severity, wich could be used to identify high crash risk sites. This procedure contributed to support the intervention in road safety, concerning decisions about the choice of locations for intervention, the characterization of their safety problems, the selection of proper corrective interventions to implement as well as the assessment of the effects obtained with those interventions.
Year: 2020
Number Pages:
204-208pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Proceedings of the XXIV International Conference on Living and Walking in Cities.
Editor: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
Keywords: High crash risk sites; Empirical Bayes method; GIS; Accident prediction models
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The role of sustainable urban mobility plans and ICT to improve public space for social inclusion
The importance of sustainable urban mobility plans is widely recognized by local and regional authorities across Europe. Technological innovation opportunities such as those offered by current and future ICT can contribute for cities to advance towards sustainable mobility and accessibility for inclusive public spaces. This article is built on an innovative living lab experience of the Intermunicipal Community of the Algarve (AMAL), the regional transport authority, scientifically supported by the LNEC, in Portugal, that comprised the development of the designated Actions Plans for Sustainable Urban Mobility (PAMUS) for a network of sixteen cities. Following the Regional Operational Program 2014-2020, these plans were to support the transition for a low carbon economy in all sectors, including mobility and transport. Inspired by best practices in Europe, the development of the regional PAMUS included several interconnected components: an integrated approach for the development of the plans that included a collaborative platform of stakeholders, a formal commitment signed by all Mayors to work together towards sustainable mobility goals, a communication strategy to the public, the development of a technological component (app VAMUS) and the acquisition of real-time cycling data using the STRAVA interface. This article is focusing on the potential benefits related to using the technological component of the PAMUS - the app VAMUS which means we go together (towards sustainable mobility goals). The app is currently available for two major mobile platforms (iOS and Android) and it provides information on the available public transport options and their connectivity along with other indicators as an incentive for users to choose more sustainable travel options. The PAMUS effort emerges as a disruptive approach to trigger behavioral changes for more cycling and walking (instead of car), leading to enhancing public space and quality of life objectives such as social inclusion and low carbon mobility.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
109-122pp.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Coelho, J.
: Neighbourhood & City - Between digital and analogue perspectives
Editor: UL/COST
Keywords: Transport decarbonisation; Low carbon mobility; Accessibility; Transport planning and policies; Public spaces; App; Information and communications technology; Sustainable mobility
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Tese de Doutoramento
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Avaliação da Influência da Infra?estrutura na Segurança Rodoviária em Meio Urbano
O conhecimento dos factores que afectam a probabilidade de ocorrência de um acidente é uma área de investigação relevante de há muitas décadas devido aos enormes custos para a sociedade dos acidentes rodoviários. Em Portugal, os desenvolvimentos nesta matéria centraram-se essencialmente nas estradas inter-urbanas. No entanto, as zonas urbanas, caracterizadas por elevadas percentagens de acidentes corporais (cerca de 69% do total entre 2004 e 2008), requerem uma atenção prioritária. Com o presente estudo pretendeu contribuir-se para a melhoria da segurança rodoviária em meio urbano, através da criação de ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas em métodos de intervenção em que a segurança dos utentes vulneráveis seja considerada explicitamente nas fases de planeamento e gestão das redes viárias. A primeira ferramenta correspondeu à criação de uma base de dados georreferenciada dos acidentes rodoviários ocorridos na cidade de Lisboa entre 2004 e 2007, que permitiu a definição de mapas digitais, com possibilidade de uma grande diversidade de consultas e de cruzamentos de informação. A segunda ferramenta refere-se à elaboração de modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes para redes urbanas, segundo diversas desagregações: segundo o elemento rodoviário: em intersecções (intersecção de três ramos, intersecção de quatro ramos e rotundas) e em segmentos; segundo o tipo de acidente: atropelamentos e restantes acidentes com vítimas; e segundo a inclusão de variáveis explicativas relacionadas com o ambiente rodoviário: simplificado (apenas com as variáveis de exposição) e global (com todas as potenciais variáveis explicativas). Foi considerada a incorporação de dados de exposição relativos aos utentes vulneráveis por forma a melhorar a capacidade de estimativa da sinistralidade em redes urbanas. Estas duas ferramentas podem ser usadas directamente na gestão de infra-estruturas, dotando as entidades com competência em matéria de segurança rodoviária com informação rigorosa e detalhada sobre os factores intervenientes na ocorrência de acidentes em meio urbano e respectiva distribuição espacial.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
371.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Keywords: Sistemas de informação geográficos; Modelos matemáticos; Zona urbana; Segurança rodoviária
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Estudo das Relações entre as Características da Estrada, a Velocidade e os Acidentes Rodoviários. Aplicação a Estradas de Duas Vias e Dois Sentidos.
No período de 1988 a 1993, ocorreram anualmente nas estradas rurais de uma faixa de rodagem e dois sentidos da Rede Rodoviária Nacional de Portugal, em média, cerca de 1471 acidentes corporais anuais em curva fora de cruzamentos. Estes acidentes constituem cerca de 33% dos acidentes corporais fora de cruzamentos participados na referida rede. O objectivo do presente trabalho é contribuir para o conhecimento da influência da estrada na ocorrência de acidentes e para o desenvolvimento de um método para avaliação de traçados rodoviários do ponto de vista da segurança. Foram realizadas in situ campanhas de recolha de dados sobre as distribuições de velocidades dos condutores, os quais foram relacionados com as características geométricas das estradas e com a respectiva sinistralidade. Foram desenvolvidos modelos para estimativa de perfis de velocidade de circulação livre, bem como modelos para estimativa da frequência de acidentes, em estradas de uma faixa de rodagem e dois sentidos, adaptados às condições de tráfego nacionais. Os referidos modelos foram integrados num procedimento para detectar inconsistências de velocidade em especial associadas à ocorrência de acidentes em curva, o qual foi usado para fundamentar uma proposta de quantificação de critérios de homogeneidade de traçado, adaptados à realidade do sistema de tráfego rodoviário português.
Year: 1996
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: estrada de 2 vias e 2 sentidos; Modelos de frequência de acidentes; Homogeneidade de traçado; Velocidade; Acidente rodoviário; Características da estrada
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Dissertação de Mestrado
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Métodos de estimativa de volumes anuais de tráfego rodoviário
As características de utilização do automóvel no que diz respeito à flexibilidade nas distâncias praticáveis, ao conforto e à independência horária tornaram-no no meio de transporte mais utilizado no contexto actual da procura de transportes. A quantificação do uso do automóvel de forma regular e diversificada tornou-se numa necessidade manifesta da nossa sociedade, face aos impactes negativos associados ao tráfego rodoviário, tais como o congestionamento, a poluição ou a sinistralidade. O número de veículos que circulam numa rede rodoviária, ou parte dela, representado pelo volume de tráfego rodoviário, constitui uma fonte de informação fundamental sobre o estado de um determinado sistema de tráfego e na análise dos respectivos impactes. No presente trabalho é analisado o cenário actual em que se enquadram as estimações de volumes anuais de tráfego rodoviário ao nível nacional, lançando as bases para o desenvolvimento de um modelo sistemático de estimação para Portugal. São analisados os diferentes métodos internacionais de estimação de volumes de tráfego rodoviário, referindo as particularidades no seu desenvolvimento e na sua utilização. É feita uma análise dos dados relevantes actualmente disponíveis em Portugal e apresentado o desenvolvimento de um método de estimação de volumes anuais de tráfego rodoviário ao nível nacional, baseado fundamentalmente nas leituras de conta-quilómetros realizadas em inspecções técnicas. Por fim, são apresentadas as estimativas dos volumes de tráfego rodoviário ao nível nacional para os anos de 2004, 2005 e 2006, segundo o método de estimação desenvolvido. Estes valores constituem a primeira estimativa nacional de volumes de tráfego desagregados por tipo de veículo e tipo de estrada, permitindo um melhor conhecimento das distâncias percorridas segundo estas variáveis e uma actualização das estimativas agregadas existentes.
Year: 2008
Author(s): Lima Azevedo, C.
Keywords: Distâncias percorridas; Veículos x quilómetro; Vmt (vkt); Modelo de estimação; Volume de tráfego rodoviário nacional; Volume de circulação
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Medidas correctivas da infra-estrutura para melhoria da segurança rodoviária
Nesta dissertação de Mestrado aborda-se o tema das medidas correctivas da infra-estrutura e descrevem-se os principais aspectos a considerar num sistema de recolha e organização de informação relevante para avaliação dos resultados obtidos com as medidas aplicadas. Designam-se por medidas correctivas da infra-estrutura as intervenções que se destinam a corrigir as deficiências da infra-estrutura rodoviária que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes rodoviários ou a gravidade das suas consequências, para melhoria do nível de segurança do sistema de tráfego. Neste documento são apresentadas as conclusões da análise da aplicação de medidas correctivas da infra-estrutura em diversos países, bem como informação básica sobre as medidas mais comuns, designadamente no que se refere a critérios de selecção, a aspectos gerais de dimensionamento, a resultados obtidos e a custos de construção, contemplando-se, também, as vantagens e desvantagens registadas com a respectiva aplicação. São abordados aspectos relacionados com o necessário acompanhamento da aplicação deste tipo de medidas no nosso País, através de um plano de supervisão sistemática da respectiva eficácia. Por fim, é realizada a análise da evolução da sinistralidade da EN 6 na sequência de um conjunto de intervenções correctivas, através de um estudo antes-depois, no qual são avaliados os efeitos obtidos pela aplicação de medidas correctivas, quer ao nível do comportamento de condução quer quanto ao número de acidentes e respectiva gravidade.
Year: 2004
Number Pages:
205.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Keywords: Ambiente rodoviário; Tratamento de zonas de acumulação de acidente; Medidas de engenharia; Risco de acidente; Medidas de engenharia de baixo custo; Segurança rodoviária
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Relatório Científico
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Rapport dévaluation et propositions liées au Résultat 3 . Livrable du Contrat de jumelage DZ/20 CTTP
Resumem-se o contexto e as atividades de colaboração realizadas no âmbito do projeto de Jumelage DZ20, no âmbito do resultado 3, que visava estabelecer um sistema de recenseamento de tráfego rodoviário na rede interurbana argelina e contribuir para a melhoria do sistema de pesagem de veículos e controlo das cargas dos veículos pesados. Apresentam-se recomendações para a continuidade e sustentabilidade dos trabalhos do CTTP neste domínio.
Year: 2018
Author(s): Rème, A.; Klein, É.; Robin, V.; Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Sobrecarga; Rede rodoviária; Tráfego rodoviário
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Benchmarking de la seguridad vial en América Latina
Este informe describe y compara la gestión y el desempeño de la seguridad vial en diez países de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, México, Paraguay y Uruguay. La evaluación comparativa es una herramienta útil para equiparar países y aprender unos de otros. Las comparaciones en este estudio permiten identificar similitudes y diferencias entre países en cuanto al número de accidentes y víctimas, pero también a los factores que influyen en el riesgo de colisiones y la gravedad de sus resultados. El proyecto se llevó a cabo durante un período de dos años en estrecha cooperación con el Observatorio Iberoamericano de Seguridad Vial (OISEVI) y la participación activa de expertos de los diez países. Se basa en el análisis de una gran cantidad de datos e información sobre el contexto general del transporte para cada país, sus prácticas de gestión de la seguridad vial y las tendencias en el desempeño de la seguridad vial. Los aspectos específicos que se revisaron en detalle fueron la seguridad de los motociclistas y los peatones, el comportamiento al conducir y beber, el uso de cinturones de seguridad y sistemas de retención de niños, gestión de la velocidad y la atención posterior al accidente.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Feypell, V.; Wegman, F.
Keywords: Víctimas; Accidentes; Evaluación comparativa; América Latina; Seguridad Vial
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Benchmarking road safety in Latin America
What we did This report describes and benchmarks road safety management and performance in ten Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay. Country benchmarking is a useful tool to compare countries and learn from each other. The comparisons in this study allow identifying similarities and differences between countries in the number of crashes and casualties, but also in the factors that influence the risk of crashes and the severity of their outcomes. The project was conducted over a two-year period in close co-operation with the Ibero American Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI) and active involvement of experts from the ten countries. It is based on the analysis of a large amount of data and information on the general transport context for each country, their road safety management practices, and trends in road safety performance. Specific aspects that were reviewed in detail were motorcyclist and pedestrian safety, drinking and driving behaviour, seat belt and child restraint use, speed management and post-crash care. What we found Road safety is a major issue in Latin America and substantial actions are needed to reduce the road safety toll. There is a high road mortality rate (fatalities per 100 000 population) in all ten countries compared to the European Union average, except in Cuba, where motorisation is much lower. Across the ten countries, more than 78 000 people were killed on the road in 2014. Some countries have seen a significant increase in the number of road deaths in recent years. For others, the number of road deaths has slightly increased or has more or less stabilised, despite a strong increase in motorisation. In the absence of targeted policy interventions, significant investment and strong leadership, the number of traffic fatalities will grow across Latin America over the next decade. Motorisation has been rising in all countries and significantly increasing the exposure to traffic risks. The deteriorating safety of motorcyclists is a particularly acute problem in Latin America due largely to the dramatic increase in the fleets of powered two-wheelers. In three countries, motorcyclists represent more than 40% of the total number of road deaths. Pedestrians are the largest or second largest group of road deaths in seven countries. While adequate legislations exist in all countries, speeding, drink driving and low levels of seat belt use and wearing motorcycle helmets are common issues in all ten countries. Addressing these issues, and reducing the toll of road deaths and serious injuries, will require substantial efforts.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Feypell, V.; Wegman, F.
Keywords: Data collection; Latin America; Benchmarking; Road safety
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Deliverable D3.2 - Report on common research challenges regarding safety and security
This report is a deliverable of USE-iT (Users, Safety, Security and Energy in Transport Infrastructure); a Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action (CSA) project managed by the Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories (FEHRL). The aim of USE-iT is to better understand the common challenges facing transport modes and in conjunction with stakeholders to produce a multi-modal research roadmap to develop technologies and approaches to addressing these challenges. In addition to a work package on management (WP1) and a work package on dissemination activities (WP5), USE-iT is divided into three technical Work Packages addressing important challenges facing all modes; providing better customer information (WP2); improving safety and security (WP3) and reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption (WP4). This report summarises the results of WP3.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Erdelean, I.; Rebelo, M.; Ambros, J.; Andriejauskas, T.; Bermejo, J.M.; Bodea, G.; Capitão, R.; Cardoso, J.L.; Fortes, C. J. E. M.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Ihs, A.; Neves, M. G.; Pressley, A.; Steinicke, W.
Keywords: energy consumption; carbon emissions; Security; customer information; multi-modal research; transport modes; Road safety
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Road safety curriculum for Africa. Deliverable 6.1
The specific aims of WP6 was to identify training needs and to develop capacity building programs on road safety in African countries. This deliverable will formulate the major issues for developing a curriculum for road safety experts in Africa. The different tasks to reach the final goal of this deliverable, are summarized in the following figure (...) On the one hand, the available knowledge and education in Europe (but also worldwide) was gathered. On the other hand, the same was done for Africa and also the different needs and training issues were analysed. Although we could not get information from each country or every existing high level educational institutes, there was enough material to make some analysis and conclusions. Not in every African country, high level education for different professionals (engineers, economics,
) includes a specific road safety module. Only at a few universities (South-Africa, Morocco, Ghana and Kenia) the curriculum for civil engineers includes a road safety module. Some institutions provide such a module as a post graduate training. A lot of African experts followed courses provided by international universities (Delft, Hasselt,
), or organized by companies working in Africa (Renault, FedEx,
). Worldwide a lot of E-learning modules are available. The deliverable gives an overview of the courses for Low and Middle Income countries (LMIC) and the different E-learning courses for professionals in English, French and Portuguese. To get a clear view on the educational needs, we developed a questionnaire (see annex 3). Unfortunately, the response was very low. Additional we made a limited literature review on the specific road safety issues in African countries. Both sources provide us with a good insight in the needs for education and training, as well as concerning the content as concerning some structural
Year: 2017
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Kluppels, L.; Schermers, G.
Keywords: Africa; Road safety; Capacity Building; Training
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Report on common research challenges regarding energy efficiency and carbon intensity
This report is a deliverable of USE-iT (Users, Safety, Security and Energy in Transport Infrastructure); a Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action (CSA) project managed by the Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories (FEHRL). The aim of USE-iT is to better understand the common challenges facing transport modes and in conjunction with stakeholders to produce a multi-modal research roadmap to develop technologies and approaches to addressing these challenges. In addition to a work package on management (WP1) and on dissemination activities (WP5), USE-iT is divided into three technical Work Packages addressing important challenges facing all modes: providing better customer information (WP2); improving safety and security (WP3) and reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption (WP4). This report relates to Work Package 4 (Deliverable D4.2) on reducing the carbon emissions and energy consumption associated with the transport sector. In the first WP4 report [D4.1], a significant number of technologies, materials and approaches were identified which could help reduce transport energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions. In the present report [D4.2], the common challenges facing all modes as they work to reduce transport carbon emissions are identified, and the potential areas of cross-modal research that could help to address these challenges are evaluated and prioritised.
Year: 2016
Author(s): Reeves, S.; Peeling, J.; Lamb, M.; Arsénio, E.; Bidnenko, N.; Saleh, P.; Carlson, A.; Chen, M.; Saleh, P.; Spicka, L.; Steinicke, W.; Zofka, E.
Keywords: Sustainable transport; Transport technology; Transport infrastructures; Transport decarbonisation; Vehicle fuel efficiency; Asset management; Greenhouse gas emissions; Climate change
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Benchmarking Road Safety in Latin America. Methodological Approach.
The objective of this project is to develop a methodology to assess road safety performance in a selection of Latin America countries and benchmark their performance against a set of indicators and best practices. The expected outcome is to offer policy makers in Latin America a tool to assess the weaknesses and strengths of each country and identify areas deserving policy attention and where the experience of other countries may be usefully applied. The results from this benchmarking analysis shall be useful to policy makers and researchers in understanding better road safety principles and in learning from each other in order to design effective road safety policies.
Year: 2015
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Keywords: Data collection; Latin America; Road safety; Benchmarking
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Deliverable D3.1 Preliminary report on safety and security based on investigation across modes and domains
This report is a deliverable of USE-iT (Users, Safety, Security and Energy in Transport Infrastructure); a Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action (CSA) project managed by the Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories (FEHRL). The aim of USE-iT is to better understand the common challenges facing transport modes and in conjunction with stakeholders to produce a multi-modal research roadmap to develop technologies and approaches to addressing these challenges. In addition to a work package on management (WP1) and a work package on dissemination activities (WP5), USE-iT is divided into three technical Work Packages addressing important challenges facing all modes; providing better customer information (WP2); improving safety and security (WP3) and reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption (WP4). This deliverable presents the preliminary results of WP3, in which technologies and approaches that have the potential of enhancing safety and security across all transport modes were investigated. Transport and mobility represent one of the most important elements of any economy and society. Moreover, global transport, across all modes, has a direct impact on the quality of life of people and their traveling. For this reason, not only ensuring but enhancing safe and secure transport across all modes is paramount. In WP3, a literature review was performed to identify best practice approaches that have the potential to cross over from one transport mode to another. A significant number of technologies and approaches with capabilities to improve transport safety and security were identified and categorized in areas and concepts. A detailed description of these technologies, along with barriers and opportunities for cross modal application can be found in Appendix A. The next step in the project is to discuss the technologies with key stakeholders from all modes in order to identify potential research topics that could benefit more than one mode. This will be done through: ? A stakeholder workshop to be held on 21st January 2016 in Brussels ? A questionnaire sent out to stakeholders in December 2015 The information gathered will be summarised in the next WP3 deliverable. The research topics from WP3 will be incorporated into the final USE-iT research roadmap, together with the outputs from the other WPs. This will represent an investment strategy for key infrastructure funders including European, national and regional public bodies and private infrastructure investors to be used in specific deployments.
Year: 2015
Author(s): Mocanu, I.; Saleh, P.; Machado, P.; Ambros, J.; Andriejauskas, T.; Bondar, T.; Capitão, R.; Cardoso, J.L.; El-koursi, E.; Eriksson, J.; Fortes, C. J. E. M.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Iglesias, I. J.; Pereira,
Keywords: security; safety; multi-modal research roadmap; Transport modes
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Preliminary report on energy efficiency and carbon intensity based on investigation across modes and domains
This report is a deliverable of USE-iT (Users, Safety, Security and Energy in Transport Infrastructure); a Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action (CSA) project managed by the Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories (FEHRL). The aim of USE-iT is to better understand the common challenges facing transport modes and in conjunction with stakeholders to produce a multi-modal research roadmap to develop technologies and approaches to addressing these challenges. In addition to a work package on management (WP1) and a work package on dissemination activities (WP5), USE-iT is divided into three technical Work Packages addressing important challenges facing all modes; providing better customer information (WP2); improving safety and safety (WP3) and reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption (WP4). This report relates to Work Package 4; reducing the carbon emissions and energy consumption associated with the transport sector. Transport is one of the largest contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and user of energy mainly fossil fuels. Following the European Commissions Transport White Paper [2], the EU transport sector needs to reduce its emissions by 60% by 2050 compared to 1990s levels, which represents a significant challenge for all modes. Over the past decade a multitude of different innovations have been developed which are designed to reduce carbon, however the difficulty for the industry is to identify which ones have the most potential to both reduce carbon and maintain/improve other vital characteristics such as safety, durability, affordability etc. In WP4 a significant number of technologies were identified which could help reduce energy and carbon.
Year: 2015
Author(s): Peeling, J.; Reeves, S.; Lamb, M.; Arsénio, E.; Bidnenko, N.; Leal, D.; Saleh, P.; Spicka, L.; Warner, H.; Zofka, E.
Keywords: Asset management; Alternative fuels; Low carbon; Transport infrastructures; Greenhouse gas emissions; Energy efficiency; Climate change; Transport technology
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Avaliação de cenários intermodais de transporte para o Porto de Sines: uma oportunidade para o transporte marítimo de curta distância?
O transporte marítimo representa 80% do comércio mundial, sendo que 40% do tráfego de mercadorias intraeuropeu é conseguido através de transporte marítimo de curta distância. A mercadoria contentorizada tem ganho uma importância crescente nas últimas décadas, registando um aumento de 3 para 16% nas trocas internacionais marítimas, entre 1980 e 2012. No Plano Estratégico dos Transportes 2011 2015 constam um conjunto de princípios orientadores onde o mar constitui um ativo estratégico para Portugal na medida em que, devido à localização geográfica, aqui confluem tráfegos marítimos provenientes de várias regiões do mundo. Encontram-se aí previstos vários investimentos para o setor marítimo-portuário, designadamente para o complexo de Sines. A Estratégia Nacional para o Mar 2013-2020 que assenta numa visão de crescimento azul, confere um conjunto de oportunidades para os sectores da economia do mar e apresenta, entre os seus objetivos, aumentar até 2020 em 50% a contribuição direta do setores do mar para o PIB. De acordo com o estudo mais recente da Direção Geral de Política do Mar, em 2010, a economia do mar representava cerca de 2,5% do valor acrescentado bruto e 2,3% do emprego nacional. Neste contexto, o Porto de Sines, sendo um dos poucos portos de águas profundas da Europa e um porto principal na rede transeuropeia de transportes (RTE-T), assume uma posição estratégica na fachada Atlântica para que o seu potencial seja aproveitado no segmento de carga contentorizada ao nível intercontinental. É de relevar que a rede transeuropeia de portos marítimos abarca 96% do tráfego de mercadorias e 93% do tráfego de passageiros que transitam pelos portos da UE. Relativamente ao tráfego de mercadorias intraeuropeu, o Livro Branco dos Transportes da Comissão Europeia recomenda a transferência de tráfego rodoviário de longo curso (para distâncias superiores a 300 km) para os modos ferroviário ou marítimo e fluvial, tendo em conta o objetivo da redução de gases com efeito de estufa: espera-se que até 2050 se concretize uma redução mínima de 60% das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa (gee) do setor dos transportes (com referência aos níveis de 1990), que é equivalente a uma redução de cerca de 70% com referência aos níveis de 2008 (no horizonte até 2030, a redução esperada de gee é de cerca de 20%). Face ao acima exposto, no contexto dos investimentos relativos ao transporte de mercadorias em prospetiva centrados no Porto de Sines e no corredor Sines/Setúbal/Lisboa-Caia, urge investigar quais as opções de investimento de maior custo-eficácia. O presente ensaio decorre do estudo desta problemática e constitui uma síntese de trabalho realizado no âmbito de projeto de I&DT financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia e concluído em Dezembro de 2013. Dar-se-á destaque aos cenários desenvolvidos para o Porto de Sines, através de técnicas/métodos de prospetiva e planeamento de longo prazo e à avaliação dos seguintes cenários alternativos para o transporte de mercadorias (i) marítimo marítimo (Short Sea Shipping); (ii) marítimo - rodoviário; (iii) marítimo ferroviário, e (iv) marítimoferroviárioaeroportuário. A abordagem metodológica assumiu uma movimentação de carga na cadeia de abastecimento contínua (solução intermodal de transportes) e considerou a estrutura de custos médio total, integrando os custos de transporte internos das várias opções de transporte interligadas e ainda a componente ambiental de custos externos (externalidades ambientais) associada à redução esperada de gee, dada a sua importância na política de transportes europeia. A lista de pressupostos de base do estudo encontra-se descrita na ficha técnica do relatório científico de 119 páginas submetido em 31 de julho de 2014 ao concurso promovido pela APS S.A. (regulamento em http://www.divulgacao.uac.pt/uploads/uac_artigo_plugin/ficheiro/regulamento_ensaio_premio_porto_sines2014.pdf).
Year: 2014
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Prata, J.
Keywords: Poltítica de transportes europeia; Transporte rodoviário; Transporte aéreo; Transporte ferroviário; Transporte marítimo de curta distância; Análise custo-eficácia; Emissões de co2e; Economia do mar e dos transportes; Acesssibilidades marítimo-portuárias; Transporte intermodal de mercadorias; Plano estratégico de transportes e infraestruturas; Intermodalidade/multimodalidade
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ICT
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Audit de sécurité routière au projet de routes du réseau routier national Manuel dapplication
Ce document est la traduction en langue française du manuel destiné à appuyer la mise en oeuvre d'audits de sécurité routière au projet dinfrastructures routières du réseau routier national développé par le Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil portugais. Le document est organisé en quatre sections. La première section présente la notion daudit de sécurité routière (ASR): un ensemble de procédures visant à intégrer, de manière explicite et formelle, les connaissances et informations sur la sécurité routière dans la planification et la conception de routes, afin datténuer les risques daccidents et de réduire leurs conséquences. Cette section présente également des informations sur la portée, le but et l'utilité des ASR dans la gestion de la sécurité routière tout au long du cycle de vie de l'infrastructure routière. Les principales compétences souhaitables pour le profil des auditeurs sont également décrites. Dans la seconde section, des recommandations sont formulées quant aux aspects techniques à prendre en compte dans la mise en oeuvre dun rapport daudit de sécurité routière, notamment en ce qui concerne linfluence de la route sur le risque daccident et aux fondements de bonnes pratiques. La troisième section est réservée aux aspects les plus directement liés aux procédures de mise en oeuvre des RSA, en particulier en ce qui concerne les rôles de chacune des parties prenantes. Enfin, dans la quatrième section, neuf listes de contrôle sont présentées, dont lutilisation est volontaires, ainsi que des exemples de résultats dASR en chacune des quatre phases du projet dinfrastructure routière. Ces listes de contrôle, figurant en annexe, concernent les aspects suivants: la phase des études préalables ; la phase des études davant-projet ; la phase des études de projet ; la phase immédiatement avant la mise en service ; les traversées dagglomération ; les intersections au contrôle par règle de priorité ou STOP; les intersections contrôlées par feux de circulation; les carrefours giratoires; et les échangeurs.
Year: 2018
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: PT; La sécurité routière; Manuel; Audit; Projet routier
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Estado-da-arte sobre medidas de engenharia de segurança rodoviária em ambiente urbano e sobre modelos de estimativa da frequência de acidentes - Resultados do projecto IRUMS
O presente documento constitui o primeiro relatório referente à actividade desenvolvida pelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e pela Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra (FCT/UC) no âmbito do projecto IRUMS Infra-estruturas Rodoviárias Urbanas Mais Seguras. Neste relatório apresenta-se o estado da prática corrente em medidas de engenharia de segurança rodoviária em ambientes urbanos e o estado da arte em modelos de estimativa da frequência de acidentes, elencando-se também variáveis potencialmente úteis para a estimação de volumes de tráfego de utentes rodoviários vulneráveis com especial incidência nos peões.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
152pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.; Carvalheira, C.; Picado Santos, L.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Previsão estatística; Modelo estatístico; Acidente rodoviário; Área urbana; Segurança rodoviária
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Método para intervenção na infra-estrutura rodoviária urbana para melhoria da segurança - Resultados do projecto IRUMS
O presente documento constitui o quinto relatório referente à actividade desenvolvida pelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e pela Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra (FCT/UC) no âmbito do projecto IRUMS Infra-estruturas Rodoviárias Urbanas Mais Seguras, que se integra também num protocolo assinado com a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. Neste relatório final do projecto apresentam-se o resumo e as principais conclusões do trabalho desenvolvido no que diz respeito ao estado da arte sobre medidas de engenharia de segurança rodoviária em ambiente urbano e sobre modelos de estimativa da frequência de acidentes; ao desenvolvimento de modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes nos arruamentos da cidade de Lisboa; e ao desenvolvimento de uma metodologia capaz de identificar as fragilidades da infraestrutura rodoviária em zona urbana que contribuam para a ocorrência de acidentes e que possam ser tratadas com o objectivo da redução da sinistralidade rodoviária. É ainda sumariada a tarefa de recolha de dados, dada a sua relevância para a concretização deste projecto.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
51pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.; Carvalheira, C.; Picado Santos, L.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Análise de dados; Modelo estatístico; Acidente rodoviário; Segurança rodoviária; Área urbana; Infra-estrutura rodoviária
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Accident prediction models for bidirectional data on portuguese motorways
The present document describes prediction models for accident, fatalities, serious injuries and killed and seriously injured victims, adjusted to bidirectional data of Portuguese motorway sections. The study was developed at Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) in the scope of Workpackage 2 - Safety Impact Assessment and Accident Prediction Model of the RIPCORD-ISEREST project, carried out under the 6th European Framework Program. It covers the issues related to modeling accidents using the Negative Binomial model regressions as well as detailed diagnostic checks of the models obtained. The data used were collected over a five year period, ranging from 1999 to 2003. Several explanatory variables were measured concerning exposure, number of lanes, presence of an additional lane, lane widths, type and widths of the roads shoulders and medians; response variables include the number of accidents, killed and serious injuries, fatalities and serious injuries that occurred on the five year period. The data set was further divided into four subsets corresponding to all road sections whose variables with missing values were removed, road sections without missing values and the equivalent for road sections with values of the annual average daily traffic greater than 5000 vehicles. Models were fitted to the four data sets with the response variables consisting on the number of accidents, fatalities, serious injuries and killed and seriously injured victims. Statistical techniques of model selection and model checking, including deviance and likelihood ratio tests and the AIC procedure, as well as graphical methods, were intensively used as measures of goodnessof- fit.
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
153pp.
Author(s): Lopes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: LNEC
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Benchmarking road safety in Latin American countries
The main objective of the project was the benchmarking of road safety performances and developments of ten Latin American countries. The comparison allowed to identify the similarities and differences between countries, not only on the number of crashes and casualties, but also on the factors, circumstances and events that influence the risk of a crash and the severity of its outcome. The analysis was performed in the following areas
Year: 2018
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Feypell, V.; Wegman, F.
Keywords: Data collection; Latin America; Benchmarking; Road safety
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Document organisationnel du système de comptage. Document descriptif des besoins
Neste relatório é proposta a estrutura organizacional para realização das contagens tendentes ao recenseamento de tráfego rodoviário na rede de estradas interubanas da Argélia, incluindo o dimensionamento do parque de equipamento de contagem a usar, sua configuração (cntagens permanentes e temporárias), bem como a avaliação dos prazos de realização, em função da dimensão das equipas encarregadas da colocação e exploração dos equipamentos nos trechos da rede rodoviária.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Rème, A.; Courbon, T.; Robin, V.; Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Rede rodoviária; Tráfego rodoviário
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Transport Challenge in Horizon 2020. ECTRI suggestions for the third work programme (2018-2020) in the field of "Transport economics and policy"
The European Conference of Transport Research Institutes (ECTRI) is an international non?profit association that was officially founded in April 2003. It is the first attempt to unite the forces of the foremost multimodal transport research centres across Europe and to thereby promote the excellence of European transport research. Today, it includes 28 major transport research institutes or universities from 21 European countries. Together, they account for more than 4,000 European scientific and research staff in the field of transport. ECTRI as the leading European research association for sustainable and multimodal mobility is committed to provide the scientifically based competence, knowledge and advice to move towards a green, safe, efficient, and inclusive transport for people and goods. The objective of this Position Paper in the field of transport economics and policies is to contribute to the third work programme 2018-2020 of the European Commission, for inclusion in the upcoming calls of Horizon 2020, and in particular addressing the societal challenge aiming to achieve Smart, Green and Integrated Transport".
Year: 2016
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Heddebaut, O.; Tuominen, A.
Keywords: Connected and automated transport; Socio-economic research; Low carbon transport; Behavioural research; Transport policies; Transport economics; Integrated transport; Green transport; Smart transport; Horizon 2020
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Assessment of intermodal freight transport costs
The research reported in this paper is part of the R&D project COST-TRENDs, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. It presents a strategic assessment study of the hinterland connections centred in the Port of Sines, in Portugal, that integrates the core network corridor of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) designated as the Atlantic corridor. The study comprised the analysis of trends of maritime freight costs until 2020 and the assessment of alternative intermodal freight transport options to reduce costs along the multimodal transport chains. The options evaluated focused in the Iberian section of the Atlantic corridor and included the combination of maritime-short sea shipping, maritime-rail, maritime-road and, also, rail-air modes. The study estimated several key performance indicators for each option which aim to provide useful inputs to transport policy.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
16pp.
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.
Keywords: Freight transport costs; Co2 emissions; Climate change externalities; Intermodal freight transport
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How to Promote Sustainable Land-Use Changes Through Developing Intermodal High-Speed Railway Stations: a case study in Portugal
The literature shows that the development of the railway system in most European countries had a key role both in the evolution of urban systems and regional dynamics. On the other hand, it can be said that railway stations might act as important drivers for promoting sustainable land-use changes, namely of node and place functions which can be consistently balanced. The future Portuguese High-Speed Railway (HSR) network is considered as a major strategic transport scheme at both the Iberian and national levels. Its first stage comprises three routes. Of these, one links the Lisbon Metropolitan Area with the Spanish border of Badajoz, being an integral part of the HSR between both Iberian capitals, whereas the other two form the Atlantic Axis, encompassing a system of cities ranging from Lisbon to Porto, an from the latter point to Braga, Vigo and Coruña, concentrating nearly 80% of the whole Portuguese population, and serving an area generating about 90% of Portugals GDP. The Lisbon to Porto HSR line, hereafter designated as the Atlantic corridor, will be a 292 Km-long standard-gauge (1435 mm) one, supplementing an historic and congested 146-year old Iberian-gauge (1668mm) main line. The new HSR line is expected to open by 2017, and will feature a limited number of intermediate stations, enabling an easy interchange with other transport modes, namely with the broad-gauge conventional rail network. The future intermodal Leiria-AV HSR station, one of the four intermediate railway stations within the Lisbon Porto line, will be located between the neighbourhood of Leiria (circa 42785 inh. in 2004) and Marinha Grande (38599 inh. in 2008), in the industrial zone of Barosa, at around 120 km North of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). This new intermodal HSR station is expected to function as a major regional interchange, by providing access to various urban centres, with support on both the tangencial Western main railway line, the A8 North-South coastal motorway and the National Road linking Leiria and Marinha Grande. One can say that the foreseen centrality, which will be at 35 minutes travel time from LMA, will be an opportunity to integrate railway development, activity location and spatial planning both at the regional and local levels, aiming at sustainable patterns of development. The work presented in this paper is the first stage of a broader research project on the topic High Speed Railway in Portugal: impacts and intermodality within the Leiria region which covers a wide range of HSR impacts. The questions addressed in this research are as follows: o What are the potential territorial implications of the HSR network in the region of the Leiria-AV? o How to promote sustainable land use and transport changes using the new intermodal HSR station as a (local and regional) development anchor? o How to balance expected HSR impacts if the aim is to achieve both sustainable and healthier communities along with maximizing economic and other potential positive impacts? The research methodology will comprise two major steps: i) benchmarking exercise of other reference cities in Europe where HSR was already implemented, such that a list of potential impacts can be now anticipated for the case of the intermediate city of Leiria; ii) implementation of an attitudinal and stated choice survey to a representative sample of economic agents and other stakeholders that will assess individuals (local communities) and group (firms) perceptions regarding the impacts of the HSR project and specific intermodal scenarios set for promoting sustainable land use and transport mode changes; iii) the comparison of potential versus perceived impacts and preferred intermodal options. Overall research results are expected to contribute towards future policy formulation with respect to railway and land use developments both at the community and regional level aiming at achieving sustainable patterns of development. This paper is centred on the benchmarking exercise that comprised major reference cities where HSR were already implemented and on the preliminary results obtained from a stated choice (SC) survey administered to a sample of economics agents within Lisbon Metropolitan Area. This SC survey focused on the assessment of those potential territorial effects related to relocation of offices nearby the future Leiria AV HSR station. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents an overview of the HSR project in Portugal and the Leiria AV station in the context of the urban/regional network. Section 3 provides a discussion of the territorial impacts related to the HSR project considering a benchmarking exercise that included impacts observed at similar characteristics to Leiria and HSR connections. Subsequently, section 4 present a prospective analysis of those impacts for the Leiria region, including a stated-choice experiment which was implemented to a sample of firms in Lisbon to evaluate ex ante possible office relocation choices. Some prospective scenarios are then outlined. Finally, section 6 concludes and some further research directions can be drawn.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
30p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Tao, M.; Ferreira, F.
Editor: PTRC, UK
Keywords: Stated-choice survey; Discrete choice models; Territorial impacts; Intermodality; High-speed rail
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