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Detecting unforgiving roadside contributors through the severity analysis of ran-off-road crashes
The objective of this paper is to study the contributors influencing ran-off-road (ROR) crash severities in a setting that has not been analysed in the literature, namely on freeways not designed according to the forgiving roadside concept. To accomplish the analysis, ROR crash data were collected on freeway road sections in Portugal and multinomial and mixed logit models were estimated using the driver injury and the most severely injured occupant as outcome variables. Our results are in line with previous findings reported in the literature on ROR crash severity in a number of distinct settings. Most importantly, this study shows the contribution of critical slopes and vehicle rollover towards fatal injuries and highlights the importance of introducing the forgiving roadside concept to mitigate ROR crash severity in Portuguese freeways. The study also indicates the importance of protecting errant vehicles particularly in horizontal curves, as these are linked with fatalities. Finally, the empirical findings from the developed models revealed problems in current Portuguese roadside design, especially with regards to criteria for forgiving slopes provision and warrants for safety barrier installation.
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
262-273pp..
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Moura, F.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
80.
Keywords: Portuguese freeways; Forgiving roadside; Mixed logit; Multinomial logit; Ran-off-road crash; Crash severity models
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Driving societal changes towards an electromobility future.
This article is part of the topical collection on "Driving societal changes towards an electro-mobility future".
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
7-37pp..
Author(s): Coppola, P.; Arsénio, E.
: European Transport Research Review
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Transport costs; European transport policy; Transport planning; Greenhouse gas emissions; Plug-in hybrid vehicles; Battery electric vehicles; Societal changes; Electromobility
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SAFESIDE: A computer-aided procedure for integrating benefits and costs in roadside safety intervention decision making
Collisions with dangerous roadside obstacles and rollovers are responsible for many injuries and deaths in highways worldwide. International crash data indicate that roadside characteristics contribute to more than half of all run-off-road injury crashes (RORIC) involving serious injury or death. Furthermore, roadside geometric characteristics are believed to be the leading cause of rollover in single-vehicle RORIC. Differences in each countrys road network features, car vehicle stock, driving behavior, characteristics of roadside obstacles and economical aspects justify the need for evaluating the merit of specific approaches to roadside safety issues. Results from recent studies carried out at the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil LNEC have shown that important differences exist between RORIC in Portuguese roads, when they are compared with RORIC in roads from other countries. A framework was developed for assisting in cost-effective decisions as regards roadside safety interventions, which is based on results from the analysis of registered data and the observation of inservice performance of installed equipments on Portuguese roads. A brief description is provided of costbenefit analysis software tools for safety evaluation and simulation of roadside scenarios, which were developed at LNEC under a dedicated research project SAFESIDE-roadside safety. The software contains a list of roadside safety measures (including the present value of their implementation costs and their safety effects) and an accident categorization (based on predictive models for crash frequencies and crash costs). The software is being disseminated by road authorities and relevant technical stakeholders, within the current revision of Portuguese road design standards.
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
195-205 pp.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Safety Science
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Volume 74.
Keywords: Crash modification factors; Crash prediction models; Software; Costbenefit analysis; Roadside safety
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Setting a city strategy for low carbon emissions: the role of electric vehicles, renewable energy and energy efficiency.
One of the European policy objectives, as envisaged by the EC Transport White Paper, is to reduce Europe's dependence on imported oil and to cut greenhouse gas emission (GHG) from transport by 20% by 2030 and by 70% until 2050 (with respect to 2008 levels). For achieving this goal, the role of integrated energy and urban mobility systems are explored as part of a citys strategy towards sustainability (2011-2020). For developing future scenarios, we used best practice foresight analysis methods, where the desirable future relates to European policy goals. In this research we adapt the extended metabolism model of a city developed by Newman (1999) and the material and energy flow accounting by Sheeri (2002) to assess the future role of electric vehicles, renewable energy use for mobility needs and energy efficiency increases for households living in the city of Aveiro, a medium-sized city of 78450 inhabitants in Portugal. The social costs of carbon related to alternative vehicle technologies (electric vehicles) are assessed, along with the integration of renewable energy. Several energy sources were considered: hydric, wind, solar (thermic and photovoltaic) and solid waste (incineration and biogas). A Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was performed for this estimation, where a share of 56% of renewable energy was assumed to be achieved until 2020. It was found that each battery electric vehicle (BEV) and use of renewable energy has an external cost associated to climate change of 0.032 /1000pkm in 2011 and 0.012 /1000pkm in 2020. For the city of Aveiro, this represents an external cost of 7094 in terms of CO2 related emissions in 2020. If all conventional fuelled vehicles were replaced by electric bicycles (EBs), an energy reduction of 98.1% and an emission reduction of 3893 kg CO2eq per year (avoided CO2eq external costs of 5.96M) could be achieved.
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
190-202 pp..
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.; Pontes, J.
: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning
Editor: WIT Press
Volume:
volume 2, number 2.
Keywords: Battery electric vehicles; Electric bicycles; Traffic calming measures; Climate change costs; CO2 emissions; European transport policy and planning; Energy efficiency; Renewable energy
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Automatic vehicle trajectory extraction by aerial remote sensing
Research in road users behaviour typically depends on detailed observational data availability, particularly if the interest is in driving behaviour modelling. Among this type of data, vehicle trajectories are an important source of information for traffic flow theory, driving behaviour modelling, innovation in traffic management and safety and environmental studies. Recent developments in sensing technologies and image processing algorithms reduced the resources (time and costs) required for detailed traffic data collection, promoting the feasibility of site-based and vehicle-based naturalistic driving observation. For testing the core models of a traffic microsimulation application for safety assessment, vehicle trajectories were collected by remote sensing on a typical Portuguese suburban motorway. Multiple short flights over a stretch of an urban motorway allowed for the collection of several partial vehicle trajectories. In this paper the technical details of each step of the methodology used is presented: image collection, image processing, vehicle identification and vehicle tracking. To collect the images, a high-resolution camera was mounted on an aircraft's gyroscopic platform. The camera was connected to a DGPS for extraction of the camera position and allowed the collection of high-resolution images at a low frame rate of 2s. After generic image orthorectification using the flight details and the terrain model, computer vision techniques were used for fine rectification: the scale-invariant feature transform algorithm was used for detection and description of image features, and the random sample consensus algorithm for feature matching. Vehicle detection was carried out by median-based background subtraction. After the computation of the detected foreground and the shadow detection using a spectral ratio technique, region segmentation was used to identify candidates for vehicle positions. Finally, vehicles were tracked using a k-shortest disjoints paths algorithm. This approach allows for the optimization of an entire set of trajectories against all possible position candidates using motion-based optimization. Besides the importance of a new trajectory dataset that allows the development of new behavioural models and the validation of existing ones, this paper also describes the application of state-of-the-art algorithms and methods that significantly minimize the resources needed for such data collection.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
849-858.
Author(s): Lima Azevedo, C.; Cardoso, J. L.; Ben-Akiva, M.; Costeira, J.; Marques, M.
: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
111.
Keywords: remote sensing; Driving behaviour; Vehicle trajectories extraction
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Equity in Public Transport: An intractable policy problem or a set of methodological challenges?
Equity inclusion in transport policy and planning remains a complex and, often, it is considered an intractable problem. Indeed, addressing equity in transport decision making will require a multi-dimensional perspective in a dynamic socio-technical and political environments, where territorial and time variables play a role. Although all transport actions (programs, plans and projects) have equity impacts, the ex ante equity assessment of transport investments is rarely done in practice. As such, the distribution of transport impacts (benefits and costs) is often perceived as unfair across the population/territory (vertical and spatial equity issues), specially when transport investments exclude several groups (non-drivers, people with disabilities, lower-income, non-motorized users such as cyclists and pedestrians, etc.). On the other hand, policy makers claim for horizontal equity in public policies and, therefore, road transport users shall pay for the costs of infrastructures provision/use (this includes external costs such as congestion and pollution). Therefore, transport planning problems involve the consideration of multi-faceted equity objectives. This paper aims to contribute to embed equity into future transport policies and investments. The research is anchored in the following preposition - any future guidance to include equity in transport decision-making will depend on the possibility of innovation and cross-fertilization of theory and practice across multiple disciplines and policy sectors. The method comprises the following inter-related steps: a) Integration of methodological insights to transport equity analysis through integration of other theories and practices that resulted from a comprehensive review of key research policy streams such as: i) socio-technical transition and innovation decision making and ii) health policies. The former is considered due to the importance of integrated transport governance models and the dynamics of change (co-evolution of institutions and infrastructures, technology and society and inter-linkages) as the appropriate foundation for equity, whereas the health care industry provides a rich database for addressing both equity issues and quality of access (to health services). b) Assessment of key challenges to policy and equity evaluation that result from the consideration of step a) in setting a fare policy. This will be demonstrated through a case study developed for Haifa metropolitan area which evaluated equity impacts of bus public transport fare changes. To the best of our knowledge, this research is novel in being the first attempt to integrate the above streams for advancing the equity problem in transport. The literature review on transport policy and equity evaluation reveals that there is no agreed upon methodological framework to account for and to measure equity in transport. Since no harmonized conceptual framework exists yet in Europe, further developments are requirement before equity considerations can be fully incorporated into the decision making process. As such, expected results from this multidisciplinary fertilization will contribute to outline an improved roadmap for equity evaluation in transport.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.
Editor: Universidade de Cantabria
Keywords: Cost action tu1209; Transport planning; Transport economics and policies; Equity analysis; Accessibility; Public transport
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Investigating the relationship between run-off-the-road crash frequency and traffic flow through different functional forms
Crash prediction models play a major role in highway safety analysis. These models can be used for various purposes, such as predicting the number of road crashes or establishing relationships between these crashes and different covariates. However, the appropriate choice for the functional form of these models is generally not discussed in research literature on road safety. In case of run-off-the-road crashes, empirical evidence and logical considerations lead to conclusion that the relationship between expected frequency and traffic flow is not monotonously increasing.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
121132.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J.
: Accident Analysis & Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Volume 63.
Keywords: Confidence intervals; Functional form; Run-off-the-road crash; Crash prediction models
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Setting a City Strategy for Low Carbon Emissions: the role of electric vehicles, renewable energy and energy efficiency
One of the European policy objectives, as envisaged by the EC Transport White Paper, is to reduce Europe's dependence on imported oil and to cut greenhouse gas emission (GHG) from transport by 20% by 2030 and by 70% until 2050 (with respect to 2008 levels). For achieving this goal, the role of integrated energy and urban mobility systems are explored as part of a citys strategy towards sustainability (2011-2020). For developing future scenarios, we used best practice foresight analysis methods, where the desirable future relates to European policy goals. In this research we adapt the extended metabolism model of a city developed by Newman (1999) and the material and energy flow accounting by Sheeri (2002) to assess the future role of electric vehicles, renewable energy use for mobility needs and energy efficiency increases for households living in the city of Aveiro, a medium-sized city of 78450 inhabitants in Portugal. The social costs of carbon related to alternative vehicle technologies (electric vehicles) are assessed, along with the integration of renewable energy. Several energy sources were considered: hydric, wind, solar (thermic and photovoltaic) and solid waste (incineration and biogas). A Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was performed for this estimation, where a share of 56% of renewable energy was assumed to be achieved until 2020. It was found that each battery electric vehicle (BEV) and use of renewable energy has an external cost associated to climate change of 0.032 /1000pkm in 2011 and 0.012 /1000pkm in 2020. For the city of Aveiro, this represents an external cost of 7094 in terms of CO2 related emissions in 2020. If all conventional fuelled vehicles were replaced by electric bicycles (EBs), an energy reduction of 98.1% and an emission reduction of 3893 kg CO2eq per year (avoided CO2eq external costs of 5.96M) could be achieved.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.; Pontes, J.
: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, ISSN: 1743-761X
Editor: WIT Press, UK
Keywords: City of aveiro; Electric bicycles; Traffic calming measures; Climate change costs; Carbon emissions; European transport policy and planning; Renewable energy; Electric vehicles
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Vehicle tracking using the k-shortest paths algorithm and dual graphs
Vehicle trajectory descriptions are required for the development of driving behaviour models and in the calibration of several traffic simulation applications. In recent years, the progress in aerial sensing technologies and image processing algorithms allowed for easier collection of such detailed traffic datasets and multiple-object tracking based on constrained flow optimization has been shown to produce very satisfactory results, even in high density traffic situations. This method uses individual image features collected for each candidate vehicle as criteria in the optimization process. When dealing with poor image quality or low ground sampling distances, feature-based optimization may produce unreal trajectories. In this paper we extend the application of the k-shortest paths algorithm for multiple-object tracking to the motion-based optimization. A graph of possible connections between successive candidate positions was built using a first level criteria based on speeds. Dual graphs were built to account for acceleration-based and acceleration variation-based criteria. With this framework both longitudinal and lateral motion-based criteria are contemplated in the optimization process. The k-shortest disjoints paths algorithm was then used to determine the optimal set of trajectories (paths) on the constructed graph. The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to a vehicle positions dataset, collected through aerial remote sensing on a Portuguese suburban motorway. Besides the importance of a new trajectory dataset that will allow for the estimation of new behavioural models and the validation of existing ones, the motion-based multiple-vehicle tracking algorithm allowed for a fast and effective processing using a simple optimization formulation.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
pp3 - 11.
Author(s): Lima Azevedo, C.; Cardoso, J. L.; Ben-Akiva, M.
: Transportation Research Procedia
Editor: Elsevier, BV
Volume:
Vol 1, Issue 1.
Keywords: Remote sensing; Driver behaviour; Image processing; Vehicle trajectories
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Exposure data and risk indicators for safety performance assessment in Europe
The objective of this paper is the analysis of the state-of-the-art in risk indicators and exposure data for safety performance assessment in Europe, in terms of data availability, collection methodologies and use. More specifically, the concepts of exposure and risk are explored, as well as the theoretical properties of various exposure measures used in road safety research (e.g. vehicle- and person-kilometres of travel, vehicle fleet, road length, driver population, time spent in traffic, etc.). Moreover, the existing methods for collecting disaggregate exposure data for risk estimates at national level are presented and assessed, including survey methods (e.g. travel surveys, traffic counts) and databases (e.g. national registers). A detailed analysis of the availability and quality of existing risk exposure data is also carried out. More specifically, the results of a questionnaire survey in the European countries are presented, with detailed information on exposure measures available, their possible disaggregations (i.e. variables and values), their conformity to standard definitions and the characteristics of their national collection methods. Finally, the potential of international risk comparisons is investigated, mainly through the International Data Files with exposure data (e.g. Eurostat, IRTAD, ECMT, UNECE, IRF, etc.). The results of this review confirm that comparing risk rates at international level may be a complex task, as the availability and quality of exposure estimates in European countries varies significantly. The lack of a common framework for the collection and exploitation of exposure data limits significantly the comparability of the national data. On the other hand, the International Data Files containing exposure data provide useful statistics and estimates in a systematic way and are currently the only sources allowing international comparisons of road safety performance under certain conditions.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
371-383.
Author(s): Papadimitriou, E.; Yannis, G.; Bijleveld , F.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
60.
Keywords: Data quality; Exposure; Risk
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Avaliação da influência da infraestrutura na segurança rodoviária em meio urbano
Neste artigo são apresentadas ferramentas destinadas ao planeamento e gestão das redes viárias que consideram explicitamente a segurança dos utentes vulneráveis. Essas ferramentas referem-se à criação de uma base de dados georreferenciada dos acidentes rodoviários ocorridos em Lisboa entre 2004 e 2007, que permitiu a definição de mapas digitais, com possibilidade de uma grande diversidade de consultas; e ao desenvolvimento de modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes para redes urbanas, em função de características do elemento rodoviário, que incorporam dados de exposição de utentes vulneráveis de forma a melhorar a capacidade de estimativa da sinistralidade em redes urbanas.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Keywords: Segmentos urbanos; Intersecções urbanas; Acidentes rodoviários; Modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes; Sig
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Avaliação do impacte sobre a segurança rodoviária de planos de segurança municipais
Neste artigo é apresentado o estudo da avaliação do impacte sobre a segurança rodoviária da implementação de planos de segurança municipais. Este estudo foi desenvolvido num concelho piloto, que já possuía um plano municipal de segurança rodoviária. O seu objectivo centrou-se na avaliação do impacte do conjunto de intervenções de segurança rodoviária previstas para a rede viária do concelho piloto, com a finalidade de ajuizar acerca da viabilidade dos objectivos visados (em termos de indicadores quantitativos) e apoiar as decisões acerca da prioridade e intensidade a atribuir a cada intervenção programada.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Medidas correctivas; Acidentes rodoviários; Segurança rodoviária; Planos de segurança municipais
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Caracterização da flutuação do tráfego na cidade de Lisboa
estudos rodoviários. Os custos associados às contagens manuais ou automáticas inviabilizam muitas vezes a adaptação destas técnicas para a caracterização do tráfego, pelo que o recurso a estimativas do valor de Tráfego Médio Diário Anual (TMDA) reveste-se de particular interesse. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia expedita para estimar o TMDA na rede viária urbana da cidade de Lisboa através do estabelecimento de factores de ajustamento horários, diários e mensais, com base em dados de tráfego obtidos a partir de sistemas de gestão de tráfego disponíveis na cidade (GERTRUDE e SICIT).
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Brito, J.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Fontul, S.
Keywords: Rede viária urbana de lisboa; Factores de ajustamento; Estimação tmda; Caracterização do tráfego
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How transport policies have been influenced by transport externalities' studies? a comparison study between Portugal and Poland
Transport externalities are an important issue concerning both academic researchers and policy makers. One of the strategic goals of the EU Transport policy, as stated in the Transport White Paper Roadmap to a Single European Transport area Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system, is to reduce 60% of GHG from transport until 2050 (reduction of emissions by 8095 % below 1990 levels). Within this context, the full application of the user pays/polluter pays principles is required. Local externalities such as noise, air pollution and congestion are envisaged to be internalised through charging for the use of transport infrastructures. Environmental externalities such as traffic noise, local pollution and GHG emissions, along with congestion and the external cost of accidents are key contributors to transport inefficiency. Other externalities may play a role such as biodiversity impacts or changes in landscape-and land use. This paper was developed from a comprehensive literature review of transport externalities related research comprising European funded research projects, national projects and scientific papers, as part of the COST-TREND project funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. It aims to investigate the impact of those studies on transport policies in two countries, having a comparison study of Portugal and Poland. The analysis focused on past and existing policy trends and how monetized unitary value estimates had been used by transport policy makers. Examples include the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of transport investments and the setting of road charges and pricing policies. The study methodology also include a survey applied to selected transport authorities in Poland and Portugal which will provide useful insights for current applications and helped to identify main barriers and still remaining gaps. Expected results will demonstrate what approaches and values of environmental externalities are currently utilized in transport policies for the case of Poland and Portugal, and what remains as emerging theoretical and practical challenges towards the full internalisation of local externalities.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
18.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Pontes, J.
Editor: AET and contributors
Keywords: Transport policy; Externalities; Transport economics; Cost-benefit analysis
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Moving towards the sustainable city? The role of electric vehicles, renewable energy and energy efficiency
Integrated energy and urban mobility systems are key components for achieving cities sustainability. Several urban metabolism approaches are emerging as leading tools for quantifying energy consumption and use patterns of resources in urban environments. Examples are the mass balance accounting (or energy-materials flux approach) using several quantification methods such as material flow analysis and life cycle assessment and Odums emergy methods. In this research we adapt the extended metabolism model of a city developed by Newman (1999) and the material and energy flow accounting by Sheeri (2002) to assess the future role of electric vehicles, renewable energy use for mobility needs and energy efficiency increases for households living in the city of Aveiro, a medium-sized city of 78450 inhabitants in Portugal. The data used comprised an integrated set of energy, transport, socio-economic and solid waste production/treatment collected at the local and National level as part of the research project COST-TRENDS funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. The analysis of the potential energy mix (energy inputs from different sources) and households mobility needs refers to the horizon 2010-2020. Several energy sources were considered: hydric, wind, solar (thermic and photovoltaic) and solid waste (incineration and biogas). Potential accessibility indicators were developed to better convergence towards sustainable mobility objectives, measuring the potential for interaction and exchange of services and opportunities. Different households profiles were established to represent consumers behaviour. It was found that the above integrated energy system could provide a total of 2,61 MWh/household.year, which represents on average around 38,2% of the total energy needs for households daily mobility and 1,2 tonnes CO2/household.year avoided. On the other hand, the replacement of conventional internal combustion engine by battery electric vehicles could allow an energy reduction between 4,7 and 6,1 MWh/household.year until 2020 and a reduction of 1,6 tonnes CO2 /household.year.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
12.
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.; Pontes, J.
Editor: Wessex Institute of Technology Press
Keywords: Urban metabolism; City sustainability; Co2 emissions; Transport policy and planning; Energy efficiency; Emerging technologies (electric vehicles)
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Port of Sines Terminal XXI: Which Development Scenarios?
The Port of Sines Terminal XXI is an Iberian sea container harbour capable of accommodating vessels of the Postpanamax type. Located in the South of Portugal´s West Coast, Terminal XXI bears a unique location towards the Atlantic (37º57´N, 08º53´W), being the result of a thirty year-long public concession awarded to the Port of Singapore Authority (PSA) on a BOT model basis, in 2004. As a deep water port (16.5m ZH depth), Sines Terminal XXI, presents a capacity of handling 1.000.000 TEU´s per year, over a 730m long quayside, and includes a 24 ha (38,4 acre) storage surface. An expansion program is in due course at present, envisaging an increase of the container handling capacity to a level of 1.320.000 TEU´s per year, over a 940m long quayside, with a new configuration including nine Postpanamax and Super-Postpanamax gantry cranes. Sines Terminal XXI presents itself as a logical and key Atlantic outlet to many Spanish Continental Communities, with a particular regard to Greater Madrid (Central Meseta) or Zaragoza (Aragon), with their major and central logistical hubs, known as Puertos Secos (dry ports). Being linked to the Portuguese national railway network, Terminal XXI relies however on a too lengthy and circuitous rail itinerary, with a new cut-off to be materialized before 2020, under the auspices of RTE-T (freight) Corridor 16. This scheme will provide Sines Terminal XXI with a much more direct rail link to Spain and remaining Europe than the present situation, consisting of a new section of conventional line, from Evora to Badajoz border, and through the Communities of Extremadura and Castilla-la-Mancha, as far as Manzanares, via Merida and Ciudad Real, where another leg from Corridor 16 originating at the Port of Algeciras will join, with both sections merging, to follow subsequently over existing modernized routes to Madrid and Zaragoza dry ports. A long-term phase of development will see the appearance of a completely new rail freight route from Zaragoza to France, involving a Central Pyrenean Tunnel. This will not be a foreseeable reality before 2030. The Atlantic positioning of Terminal XXI acquires a particular importance in the wake of the Panama Canal widening. From 2014 onwards, it will be possible for the Postpanamax and Super-Postpanamax container carriers, to follow a new planetary route linking the emerging economies of Far East Asia and those of Western Europe, with a passage by North America´s East Coast, as an intermediate point. The economies of scale brought about by the new route, presenting itself as an alternative to the traditional Indic-Suez and Cape Horn-South America routes, is susceptible of originating a re-configuration of the pattern of Postpanamax vessel routes worldwide, with an increasing emphasis being conferred to the North Atlantic. Owing to its strategic positioning as a deep-water container port, Sines Terminal XXI, is a likely candidate, to become integrated into the new emerging global logistics network, but it is necessary to assess the extent to which it may be an active part of a complex web of sea routes and its operators, rail freight transport and inland final clients, either forwarding or receiving containerized goods. This paper aims to assess the likely developments of the Sines Terminal XXI container facility, presenting alternative development scenarios, set at three distinct periods: i) 2014-2020, during the first years after the widening of the Panama Canal; ii) 2020-2030, including the fully completion and bringing into commercial operation of the new RTE-T Corridor 16 Rail Link; and iii) beyond 2030, contemplating the establishment of a Central Pyrenean Tunnel as an alternative to the historical and traditional rail links, via the Basque Country and Catalonia, and the widespread use of 1435mm standard-gauge tracks, replacing the 1668mm broad-gauge ones, currently existent on virtually all conventional (non-high speed) main line railways of the Iberian Peninsula. Recent proposals concerning the possible constitution of an American-EU Free-Trade Area on a medium-term period, further emphasize the likely importance of Sines Terminal XXI. Since the port of Sines presents a unique deep-water Atlantic container terminal in Western Europe, research results are expected to provide useful indicators for policy purposes, leading to more sustainable development patterns of global freight and logistics.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
17.
Author(s): Tao, M.; Ferreira, F.; Arsénio, E.
Editor: AET and contributors
Keywords: Sustainable development; Postpanamax; Panama canal; Rail freight; Freight and logistics; Port of sines; Intermodality; Transport planning and policy
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Impact of multiple imputation of missing socio-economic data in discrete choice analysis
This paper aims to assess the impact of missing income data on estimates of the accuracy of marginal costs of aviation noise externalities, namely missing socio-economic attributes which are normally used to segment the sample for policy purposes. The experimental approach comprised a comparison between the coefficient parameter estimates obtained by fitting multinomial logit models using econometric software to both the complete data set and to data sets where several amounts of income data were replaced by missing values (5%, 10%, 25% and 50%). The latter data sets were analysed employing the two most common methods for missingness: the LD and the Multiple Imputation (MI) method using the expectation-maximization Bayesian bootstrapping algorithm within the Amelia II software program. The most appropriate number of imputations and the set of variables used to obtain the imputations with the MI approach are further investigated. The comparisons will be made through measures of accuracy of parameter estimates and of the combined model.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
23pp.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Azeredo Lopes, S.
Editor: AET and contributors
Keywords: Multiple imputation; Missing income data; Discrete-choice; Aviation externalities
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The influence of the infrastructure characteristics in urban road accidents occurence
The knowledge of factors affecting accident occurrence has been a relevant research area for many decades due to enormous costs to society of road accidents. In Portugal, the developments in this area have focused mainly on inter-urban roads. Urban areas, which are characterized by high percentages of injury accidents (about 69% of the total between 2004 and 2008), require priority attention. This paper summarizes the result of a study which contributes to the improvement of road safety in urban areas, through the creation of tools that can be used in intervention methods in the planning and management of road networks. The first tool relates the creation of a geocoded database of road accident occurred in Lisbon between 2004 and 2007, which allowed the definition of digital maps, with the possibility of a wide range of consultations and crossing of information. The second tool concerns the development of models to estimate the frequency of accidents on urban networks, according to different disagregations: according to the road element: at intersections (three legs, four legs and roundabouts) and in segments; and according to the inclusion of explanatory variables related to the road environment: simplified (only with the exposure variables) and global (with all potential explanatory variables). These two tools can be used directly in the management of road infrastructure providing entities with expertise in road safety with accurate and detailed information about the factors involved in accidents in urban areas and their spatial distribution.
Year: 2012
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Editor: Transport Research Arena
Keywords: Road network; Spatial analysis; GIS; Accident prediction models
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The contribution of road infrastructure safety interventions to registered safety improvements in the last decade in Portugal
N/A
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
3.
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: Generalna Dyrekcja Drog Krajowych i Autostrad
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A Avaliação Económica dos Impactos dos Transportes
A Economia dos Transportes e do Ambiente constituem bases para a fundamentação teórica dos métodos de avaliação económica de impactos ambientais dos transportes. Todavia, ainda não existem recomendações sobre qual a metodologia de avaliação económica a utilizar na monetarização dos vários impactos. Neste contexto, são várias as questões em investigação, tendo como objectivo contribuir para a melhoria da eficiência da avaliação ambiental estratégica de planos e programas de transporte: - O conhecimento actual permite que todos os impactos dos transportes possam ser monetarizados de igual forma? - Que tipos de impactos devem ser considerados na avaliação ambiental estratégica no sector dos transportes? - Que métodos de avaliação podem ser recomendados para cada impacto? - Quais os futuros desafios em matéria da avaliação ambiental estratégica de planos e programas de transportes? Será abordado o caso dos custos externos ambientais do ruído de tráfego aéreo.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
8 p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.
Editor: Rede de Língua Portuguesa de Avaliação de Impactos
Keywords: Custos externos; Avaliação ambiental estratégica; Transportes
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Books
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The effect of low cost engineering measures and enforcement on driver behaviour and safety on single carriageway interurban trunk roads. In Advances in Human Aspects of Road and Rail Transportation.
The application of low-cost road and traffic engineering measures (LCEM) is a cost-effective method for reducing accidents and their consequences. Empirical evidence shows that enforcement contributes to improvements on driving behaviour and road safety; however, results from reducing enforcement are seldom presented. In this paper a presentation is made of the impact LCEM and changes in enforcement intensity had on selected driving behaviour variables and safety levels on a 170 km single carriageway trunk road. LCEM were implemented on the road, followed a year later by the commitment of exceptionally intense and severe law enforcement and, after two years, its relaxation. The impacts of these safety interventions were evaluated through observational before-after studies. The expected number of injury accidents was reduced by 41% (less 75% fatalities), when considering the combined effect of LCEM and enforcement; suppression of strict enforcement was related to a 20% increase in the number of fatalities.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group
Keywords: Driving behaviour; Low cost measures; Safety effects
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Application of a gap-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of a stretch of the national road EN1 located in the north of Portugal - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to a successful application of an asphalt rubber wearing course in the frame of the rehabilitation of the pavement of the National Road EN 1 between Landiosa and Picoto. It concerns asphalt rubber manufactured by the wet process, using gap-graded aggregates. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à aplicação bem sucedida de misturas com betume modificado com borracha reciclada de pneus em camada de desgaste, no âmbito das obras de reabilitação do pavimento da estrada nacional EN 1, entre Landiosa e Picoto. Diz respeito, em particular, ao fabrico, por via húmida, de mistura betuminosa com borracha utilizando agregados com granulometria descontínua.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 124 Não Seriados.
Keywords: Laboratory test; In situ test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Asphalt; Pt
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Modos Suaves, Manual de Boas Práticas para uma Mobilidade Sustentável
Manual de boas práticas para uma mobilidade sustentável, no âmbito do projecto nacional "Mobilidade Sustentável" coordenado pela Agência portuguesa do Ambiente (Vol. II). O projecto Mobilidade Sustentável envolveu uma rede de 15 centros de investigação/universidades do país, incluindo o LNEC.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
274p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Viegas, F.
Editor: Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA)
Volume:
Vol. II.
Keywords: Boas práticas; Portugal; Municípios; Planos de mobilidade; Mobilidade sustentável
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Projecto Mobilidade Sustentável. Concepção, Principais Conclusões e Recomendações
Nesta publicação apresentam-se os aspectos relativos à concepção do projecto Mobilidade Sustentável, principais conclusões e recomendações.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
80p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Viegas, F.
Editor: Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA)
Volume:
Volume I.
Keywords: Planeamento de transportes; Mobilidade sustentável
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Capítulo de Livro
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Modelos de Duração Aplicados à Engenharia de Transportes
O tempo decorrido (ou a distância percorrida) até à ocorrência de um evento, ou a duração do mesmo, podem ser analisados através de modelos de duração baseados em risco (hazard-based duration models), os quais têm sido amplamente utilizados em campos como a medicina, as ciências sociais e a engenharia industrial. Contudo, são relativamente escassos os estudos que aplicaram modelos de duração à engenharia de transportes. Este capítulo inclui dois exemplos de aplicação de modelos de duração à investigação em engenharia de transportes. O primeiro diz respeito às distâncias percorridas por veículos descontrolados em despistes ocorridos na Carolina do Norte (E.U.A.). O segundo refere-se ao tempo decorrido até à transferência modal nas deslocações para a escola de um conjunto de alunos de 162 turmas de 51 escolas do ensino básico em Portugal.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
109-124.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A Experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC
Keywords: Modelo de duração; Engenharia de transportes
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Modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes rodoviários
Em Portugal, a investigação sobre o conhecimento dos fatores que afetam a probabilidade de ocorrência de acidentes tem-se centrado essencialmente nas estradas interurbanas. No entanto, as zonas urbanas, onde ocorrem elevadas percentagens de acidentes corporais requerem uma atenção prioritária. Com o presente estudo pretendeu contribuir-se para a melhoria da segurança rodoviária em meio urbano, através da criação de ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas em métodos de intervenção em que a segurança dos utentes vulneráveis seja considerada explicitamente nas fases de planeamento e gestão das redes viárias. Uma das referidas ferramentas resultou da elaboração de modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes para redes urbanas, segundo diversas desagregações, em função de características do elemento rodoviário: em intersecções (três ramos, quatro ramos e rotundas) e em segmentos; segundo o tipo de acidente (atropelamentos e restantes acidentes com vítimas); e segundo a inclusão de variáveis explicativas relacionadas com o ambiente rodoviário: simplificados (apenas com as variáveis de exposição) e globais (com todas as potenciais variáveis explicativas). O desenvolvimento destes modelos foi apoiado numa base de dados georreferenciada dos acidentes rodoviários ocorridos em Lisboa entre 2004 e 2007, com a qual foi possível explorar os dados de sinistralidade na área geográfica em análise. Estas ferramentas podem ser usadas diretamente na gestão das infraestruturas rodoviárias da cidade de Lisboa e, após pequenas adaptações, estendidas a outros municípios, dotando as respetivas entidades competentes em matéria de segurança rodoviária com informação rigorosa e detalhada sobre os fatores intervenientes na ocorrência de acidentes em meio urbano e a respetiva distribuição espacial.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
71-96pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Método empírico de Bayes; Acidentes rodoviários; Modelação linear generalizada; Zonas de acumulação de acidentes; Modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes
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Modelos Explicativos da Gravidade dos Acidentes Rodoviários
Os dados discretos ou em escala nominal desempenham um papel fundamental nos transportes porque muitas análises de políticas lidam com estes tipos de dados. Exemplos de dados discretos nos transportes incluem o modo de transporte (automóvel, autocarro, comboio), o tipo ou categoria de veículo e o tipo de acidente rodoviário (despistes, colisões frontais, colisões traseiras, etc.). O conhecimento do efeito das diferentes intervenções de segurança rodoviária na redução da gravidade das lesões resultantes de acidentes rodoviários exige uma avaliação empírica detalhada das interações, reconhecidamente complexas, entre veículos, estrada e fatores humanos. Os avanços mais recentes nas metodologias estatísticas aplicadas a dados discretos sobre sinistralidade rodoviária permitiram o desenvolvimento de modelos sofisticados capazes de serem usados para determinar com rigor a influência dos fatores acima referidos nos níveis de gravidade das lesões resultantes dos acidentes rodoviários. Neste contexto, a aplicação de modelos de resultado discreto permite identificar um conjunto de fatores, relacionados com a envolvente rodoviária, que são estatisticamente relacionáveis com a gravidade das lesões dos utentes envolvidos em acidentes rodoviários, permitindo aperfeiçoar a conceção e o dimensionamento das estradas, bem como orientar políticas conducentes à melhoria da segurança rodoviária. Este capítulo inclui um exemplo de aplicação do modelo logit multinomial usando a gravidade das lesões no condutor como variável de resposta.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
97-108.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A Experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Keywords: Acidente rodoviário; Modelo de resultado discreto; Modelo logit multinomial
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A hybrid approach for prioritising road safety interventions in urban areas
Spatial organization in cities has often given a special attention to the requirements of motorized vehicles, neglecting pedestrians and cyclists needs. In order to privilege these road users, there is a need to consider their vulnerability and ensure they are provided with comfortable safety levels. Pedestrian safety can be improved with the knowledge of the underlying factors involved in crash occurrence and resulting injuries. The consideration of variables related to the built environment in explanation of crashes and injury outcomes is frequent and helpful. The city of Lisbon was the target for the development of models for the prediction of crash frequencies and their severity, wich could be used to identify high crash risk sites. This procedure contributed to support the intervention in road safety, concerning decisions about the choice of locations for intervention, the characterization of their safety problems, the selection of proper corrective interventions to implement as well as the assessment of the effects obtained with those interventions.
Year: 2020
Number Pages:
204-208pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Proceedings of the XXIV International Conference on Living and Walking in Cities.
Editor: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
Keywords: High crash risk sites; Empirical Bayes method; GIS; Accident prediction models
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The role of sustainable urban mobility plans and ICT to improve public space for social inclusion
The importance of sustainable urban mobility plans is widely recognized by local and regional authorities across Europe. Technological innovation opportunities such as those offered by current and future ICT can contribute for cities to advance towards sustainable mobility and accessibility for inclusive public spaces. This article is built on an innovative living lab experience of the Intermunicipal Community of the Algarve (AMAL), the regional transport authority, scientifically supported by the LNEC, in Portugal, that comprised the development of the designated Actions Plans for Sustainable Urban Mobility (PAMUS) for a network of sixteen cities. Following the Regional Operational Program 2014-2020, these plans were to support the transition for a low carbon economy in all sectors, including mobility and transport. Inspired by best practices in Europe, the development of the regional PAMUS included several interconnected components: an integrated approach for the development of the plans that included a collaborative platform of stakeholders, a formal commitment signed by all Mayors to work together towards sustainable mobility goals, a communication strategy to the public, the development of a technological component (app VAMUS) and the acquisition of real-time cycling data using the STRAVA interface. This article is focusing on the potential benefits related to using the technological component of the PAMUS - the app VAMUS which means we go together (towards sustainable mobility goals). The app is currently available for two major mobile platforms (iOS and Android) and it provides information on the available public transport options and their connectivity along with other indicators as an incentive for users to choose more sustainable travel options. The PAMUS effort emerges as a disruptive approach to trigger behavioral changes for more cycling and walking (instead of car), leading to enhancing public space and quality of life objectives such as social inclusion and low carbon mobility.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
109-122pp.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Coelho, J.
: Neighbourhood & City - Between digital and analogue perspectives
Editor: UL/COST
Keywords: Transport decarbonisation; Low carbon mobility; Accessibility; Transport planning and policies; Public spaces; App; Information and communications technology; Sustainable mobility
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Tese de Doutoramento
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Avaliação da Influência da Infra?estrutura na Segurança Rodoviária em Meio Urbano
O conhecimento dos factores que afectam a probabilidade de ocorrência de um acidente é uma área de investigação relevante de há muitas décadas devido aos enormes custos para a sociedade dos acidentes rodoviários. Em Portugal, os desenvolvimentos nesta matéria centraram-se essencialmente nas estradas inter-urbanas. No entanto, as zonas urbanas, caracterizadas por elevadas percentagens de acidentes corporais (cerca de 69% do total entre 2004 e 2008), requerem uma atenção prioritária. Com o presente estudo pretendeu contribuir-se para a melhoria da segurança rodoviária em meio urbano, através da criação de ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas em métodos de intervenção em que a segurança dos utentes vulneráveis seja considerada explicitamente nas fases de planeamento e gestão das redes viárias. A primeira ferramenta correspondeu à criação de uma base de dados georreferenciada dos acidentes rodoviários ocorridos na cidade de Lisboa entre 2004 e 2007, que permitiu a definição de mapas digitais, com possibilidade de uma grande diversidade de consultas e de cruzamentos de informação. A segunda ferramenta refere-se à elaboração de modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes para redes urbanas, segundo diversas desagregações: segundo o elemento rodoviário: em intersecções (intersecção de três ramos, intersecção de quatro ramos e rotundas) e em segmentos; segundo o tipo de acidente: atropelamentos e restantes acidentes com vítimas; e segundo a inclusão de variáveis explicativas relacionadas com o ambiente rodoviário: simplificado (apenas com as variáveis de exposição) e global (com todas as potenciais variáveis explicativas). Foi considerada a incorporação de dados de exposição relativos aos utentes vulneráveis por forma a melhorar a capacidade de estimativa da sinistralidade em redes urbanas. Estas duas ferramentas podem ser usadas directamente na gestão de infra-estruturas, dotando as entidades com competência em matéria de segurança rodoviária com informação rigorosa e detalhada sobre os factores intervenientes na ocorrência de acidentes em meio urbano e respectiva distribuição espacial.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
371.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Keywords: Sistemas de informação geográficos; Modelos matemáticos; Zona urbana; Segurança rodoviária
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Estudo das Relações entre as Características da Estrada, a Velocidade e os Acidentes Rodoviários. Aplicação a Estradas de Duas Vias e Dois Sentidos.
No período de 1988 a 1993, ocorreram anualmente nas estradas rurais de uma faixa de rodagem e dois sentidos da Rede Rodoviária Nacional de Portugal, em média, cerca de 1471 acidentes corporais anuais em curva fora de cruzamentos. Estes acidentes constituem cerca de 33% dos acidentes corporais fora de cruzamentos participados na referida rede. O objectivo do presente trabalho é contribuir para o conhecimento da influência da estrada na ocorrência de acidentes e para o desenvolvimento de um método para avaliação de traçados rodoviários do ponto de vista da segurança. Foram realizadas in situ campanhas de recolha de dados sobre as distribuições de velocidades dos condutores, os quais foram relacionados com as características geométricas das estradas e com a respectiva sinistralidade. Foram desenvolvidos modelos para estimativa de perfis de velocidade de circulação livre, bem como modelos para estimativa da frequência de acidentes, em estradas de uma faixa de rodagem e dois sentidos, adaptados às condições de tráfego nacionais. Os referidos modelos foram integrados num procedimento para detectar inconsistências de velocidade em especial associadas à ocorrência de acidentes em curva, o qual foi usado para fundamentar uma proposta de quantificação de critérios de homogeneidade de traçado, adaptados à realidade do sistema de tráfego rodoviário português.
Year: 1996
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: estrada de 2 vias e 2 sentidos; Modelos de frequência de acidentes; Homogeneidade de traçado; Velocidade; Acidente rodoviário; Características da estrada
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Dissertação de Mestrado
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Métodos de estimativa de volumes anuais de tráfego rodoviário
As características de utilização do automóvel no que diz respeito à flexibilidade nas distâncias praticáveis, ao conforto e à independência horária tornaram-no no meio de transporte mais utilizado no contexto actual da procura de transportes. A quantificação do uso do automóvel de forma regular e diversificada tornou-se numa necessidade manifesta da nossa sociedade, face aos impactes negativos associados ao tráfego rodoviário, tais como o congestionamento, a poluição ou a sinistralidade. O número de veículos que circulam numa rede rodoviária, ou parte dela, representado pelo volume de tráfego rodoviário, constitui uma fonte de informação fundamental sobre o estado de um determinado sistema de tráfego e na análise dos respectivos impactes. No presente trabalho é analisado o cenário actual em que se enquadram as estimações de volumes anuais de tráfego rodoviário ao nível nacional, lançando as bases para o desenvolvimento de um modelo sistemático de estimação para Portugal. São analisados os diferentes métodos internacionais de estimação de volumes de tráfego rodoviário, referindo as particularidades no seu desenvolvimento e na sua utilização. É feita uma análise dos dados relevantes actualmente disponíveis em Portugal e apresentado o desenvolvimento de um método de estimação de volumes anuais de tráfego rodoviário ao nível nacional, baseado fundamentalmente nas leituras de conta-quilómetros realizadas em inspecções técnicas. Por fim, são apresentadas as estimativas dos volumes de tráfego rodoviário ao nível nacional para os anos de 2004, 2005 e 2006, segundo o método de estimação desenvolvido. Estes valores constituem a primeira estimativa nacional de volumes de tráfego desagregados por tipo de veículo e tipo de estrada, permitindo um melhor conhecimento das distâncias percorridas segundo estas variáveis e uma actualização das estimativas agregadas existentes.
Year: 2008
Author(s): Lima Azevedo, C.
Keywords: Distâncias percorridas; Veículos x quilómetro; Vmt (vkt); Modelo de estimação; Volume de tráfego rodoviário nacional; Volume de circulação
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Medidas correctivas da infra-estrutura para melhoria da segurança rodoviária
Nesta dissertação de Mestrado aborda-se o tema das medidas correctivas da infra-estrutura e descrevem-se os principais aspectos a considerar num sistema de recolha e organização de informação relevante para avaliação dos resultados obtidos com as medidas aplicadas. Designam-se por medidas correctivas da infra-estrutura as intervenções que se destinam a corrigir as deficiências da infra-estrutura rodoviária que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes rodoviários ou a gravidade das suas consequências, para melhoria do nível de segurança do sistema de tráfego. Neste documento são apresentadas as conclusões da análise da aplicação de medidas correctivas da infra-estrutura em diversos países, bem como informação básica sobre as medidas mais comuns, designadamente no que se refere a critérios de selecção, a aspectos gerais de dimensionamento, a resultados obtidos e a custos de construção, contemplando-se, também, as vantagens e desvantagens registadas com a respectiva aplicação. São abordados aspectos relacionados com o necessário acompanhamento da aplicação deste tipo de medidas no nosso País, através de um plano de supervisão sistemática da respectiva eficácia. Por fim, é realizada a análise da evolução da sinistralidade da EN 6 na sequência de um conjunto de intervenções correctivas, através de um estudo antes-depois, no qual são avaliados os efeitos obtidos pela aplicação de medidas correctivas, quer ao nível do comportamento de condução quer quanto ao número de acidentes e respectiva gravidade.
Year: 2004
Number Pages:
205.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Keywords: Ambiente rodoviário; Tratamento de zonas de acumulação de acidente; Medidas de engenharia; Risco de acidente; Medidas de engenharia de baixo custo; Segurança rodoviária
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Relatório Científico
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Technical and scientific foundations for the 2021-2030 Road Safety Strategy - Methodology for the preparation of biennial action plans
The Portuguese Road Safety Authority (Autoridade Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária
Year: 2021
Author(s): Wegman, F.; Roque, C. A.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Statistics; Planning; Strategy; Road Safety
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Deteção de zonas de acumulação de acidentes na Rede Rodoviária Nacional - Período de 2013 a 2017
O presente relatório foi elaborado no âmbito da colaboração do LNEC com a Autoridade Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária (ANSR), o Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes (IMT) e a Infraestruturas de Portugal S.A., na identificação de zonas de acumulação de acidentes rodoviários na Rede Rodoviária Nacional com base em dados do período de 2013 a 2017. O estudo enquadra-se na medida A20.80 do PENSE 2020 - Plano Estratégico Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária. Neste relatório são apresentados os resultados obtidos com a deteção de zonas de acumulação de acidentes nas estradas da Rede Rodoviária Nacional não subconcessionadas pela IP, bem como algumas características da sinistralidade nessas zonas.
Year: 2020
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Rede nacional; Sinistralidade; Zona de acumulação de acidentes
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Fascículo II - Características geométricas para rodovias com tráfego motorizado.
O presente trabalho insere-se no âmbito de um protocolo entre o IMT - Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes, I.P. (IMT) e o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e destina-se a dar resposta à medida 25.92 do objetivo estratégico Infraestruturas Mais Seguras da Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária PENSE2020, consistindo na elaboração de uma norma técnica para aplicação a arruamentos urbanos, que possa contribuir para promover a melhoria da segurana da rede rodoviária municipal, designadamente através da adoção, no País, de critérios uniformes no dimensionamento do traçado e no ordenamento da envolvente dos arruamentos urbanos, aspetos importantes para a obtenção de rodovias autoexplicativas necessárias para a pretendida abordagem do Sistema Seguro. A norma técnica está organizada em quatro fascículos, destinados a contemplar os fundamentos sobre utentes e rede rodoviária, as características geométricas para rodovias com tráfego motorizado e não motorizado e as medidas de acalmia de tráfego aplicáveis a cada tipo de arruamento. Neste Fascículo II, relativo às caraterísticas geométricas para rodovias com tráfego motorizado, incluem-se considerações sobre as características dos diferentes tipos de vias, consoante o nível hierárquico, inclusive para atravessamentos de povoação e zonas de 30km/h. São também apresentados os elementos específicos para o transporte público (autocarros, elétricos e táxis) e para o estacionamento, relevantes para o adequado desenho da envolvente urbana.
Year: 2020
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Roque, C.; Arsénio, E.; Ferreira, J.; Cardoso, J.L.
Keywords: Ambiente rodoviário; Arruamentos urbanos; Norma de traçado
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Fascículo III - Características geométricas para vias de tráfego não motorizado
O presente trabalho insere-se no âmbito de um protocolo entre o IMT - Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes, I.P. (IMT) e o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e destina-se a dar resposta à medida 25.92 do objetivo estratégico Infraestruturas Mais Seguras da Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária PENSE2020, consistindo na elaboração de uma norma técnica para aplicação a arruamentos urbanos, que possa contribuir para promover a melhoria da rede rodoviária municipal, designadamente através da adoção, no País, de critérios uniformes no dimensionamento do traçado e no ordenamento da envolvente dos arruamentos urbanos, aspetos importantes para a obtenção de rodovias autoexplicativas necessárias para o pretendido Sistema Seguro. A norma técnica está organizada em quatro fascículos, destinados a contemplar os fundamentos sobre utentes e rede rodoviária, as características geométricas para rodovias com tráfego motorizado e não motorizado e as medidas de acalmia de tráfego aplicáveis a cada tipo de arruamento. Apresenta-se neste documento o Fascículo III, relativo às caraterísticas geométricas para vias de tráfego não motorizado, onde se incluem considerações sobre os caminhos pedonais e sobre as vias cicláveis. São também apresentadas considerações sobre o estacionamento de veículos não motorizados e as particularidades da conceção das zonas de coexistência.
Year: 2020
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J.L.; Roque, C.; Arsénio, E.; Ferreira, J.
Keywords: Ambiente rodoviário; Arruamentos urbanos; Norma de traçado
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Fascículo IV - Medidas de acalmia e outros dispositivos de tráfego.
O presente trabalho insere-se no âmbito de um protocolo entre o IMT - Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes, I.P. (IMT) e o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e destina-se a dar resposta à medida 25.92 do objetivo estratégico Infraestruturas Mais Seguras da Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária PENSE2020, consistindo na elaboração de uma norma técnica para aplicação a arruamentos urbanos, que possa contribuir para promover a melhoria da rede rodoviária municipal, designadamente através da adoção, no País, de critérios harmonizados no dimensionamento do traçado e no ordenamento da envolvente dos arruamentos urbanos, aspetos importantes para a obtenção de rodovias autoexplicativas necessárias para o pretendido Sistema Seguro. A norma técnica está organizada em quatro fascículos, destinados a contemplar os fundamentos sobre utentes e rede rodoviária, as características geométricas para rodovias com tráfego motorizado e não motorizado e as medidas de acalmia de tráfego aplicáveis a cada tipo de arruamento. Apresenta-se neste documento o Fascículo IV, relativo às medidas de acalmia e outros dispositivos de tráfego, compreendendo a recomendação dos dispositivos suscetíveis de serem aplicados em arruamentos urbanos e destinados ao tráfego de peões, velocípedes, transportes públicos, misto, e veículos ligeiros. São também apresentadas características a considerar por categoria hierárquica da rede e por fim a pormenorização dos dispositivos de tráfego, no que se refere aos requisitos técnicos, princípios de dimensionamento e vantagens e desvantagens da sua aplicação.
Year: 2020
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Roque, C.; Cardoso, J.L.; Ferreira, J.
Keywords: Ambiente rodoviário; Arruamentos urbanos; Norma de traçado
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A TRAIN-THE-TRAINER COURSE
Work package 6 of the SaferAfrica project aims to identify training needs and develop capacity building programs focused on road safety in African countries. Part 2 of WP6 concentrates on train the-trainer activities for universities. The main objective was the development of a train-the-trainer manual in the way that trainers and future trainers will be provided with the necessary tools and skills to prepare their own road safety courses. This manual was developed in 2018 and is now available as Deliverable D6.2. (Sanon, C. et al., 2018). The first part of the Manual presents basic information about the nature of road safety and the Safe System approach, as well as how this knowledge can play a part in the education of different professionals. Special attention was given to road safety audits and inspections. The second part deals with the methodological and didactics of teaching this specific content, mainly focusing on the definition of learning outcomes and the specificity of the learning processes in adults. Giving training is however a matter of more personal competences and not only of technical skills. Providing a manual is important and can give future trainers a good support, but it is not enough. Competences are acquired through exercises, experiences and concrete and constructive feedback. For the above reason, in an early stage of the development of this manual in task 6.2, the workgroup decided to develop also a real Train-The-Trainer course, based on the Manual. In order to take the most of this trial, it was decided to develop a real course in Africa, to see if the foreseen approach was the most appropriate. After discussions during the project meeting in Abidjan (November 2018), the possibility was created in Cameroon in coordination with task 6.4 (twinning program on research capacity needs). In this annex of the Deliverable D6.2, an overview of this try-out version is detailed. In the first part of this document, the preparation of the course is discussed (aims, suggested program, target group and how we invited participants). A second part describes the course, detailing the content and the adaptations we made during the course. The third part is meant as an evaluation of this course. Both feedback of the participants and experience of the three trainers are presented. The most important information from this section is related with the lessons we could learn from this first try-out, which will lead us to a few suggestions and a canvas for further TTT-initiatives (last part).
Year: 2019
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Wounba, J.; Kluppels, L.
Keywords: Safe System; Train-The-Trainer course; Africa; capacity building; training needs; Road safety
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D3.4 Capacity building initiatives
The first main objective of work package 3 is to assess the implementation of the Action Plan 20112020 (AU?UNECA, 2010). This assessment has been supported by SWOT and PESTEL analysis completed at different geo?political scales (continental, regional economic communities/corridors and country) and is described in deliverable 3.1. The second main objective of work package 3 is to define initiatives for different topics (i.e., road safety policies, road safety and traffic management, capacity building and other road safety interventions). Those initiatives are designed to foster the implementation of the Action Plan and to contribute to a better situation in terms of road safety. This deliverable deals with the definition of initiatives for capacity building and training in the African continent. Deliverable 6.1 Road Safety Curriculum for Africa highlights the specific needs and demands for training and education according to African education experts (Vieira Gomes, Kluppels & Schemers, 2017). One of the needs emphasizes the multidisciplinary characteristics of the road safety expertise. Subsequently, a lot of different professionals are active in different areas of road safety. Although cooperation between different road safety professionals is wanted to enhance road safety in general, this deliverable tries to categorize different capacity building initiatives (i.e., available courses) according to different groups of road safety professionals. A general education for all road safety experts is certainly needed. But after a general introduction to road safety, more specific capacity building initiatives for different road safety professionals are required in the African continent. This doesnt exclude that some capacity building initiatives in this deliverable are applicable for two or more groups of road safety professionals. According to the Transportation Research Board (2007), road safety professionals have been defined as workers who spend all or most of their workday on matters pertaining directly to road safety, such as assessing safety performance and needs, planning, developing and implementing safety initiatives and taking specific actions related to safety (TRB, 2007). In this deliverable road safety initiatives are proposed for six different groups of road safety professionals. These groups are data collectors and analysts, health personnel, public policy makers, road safety engineers, teachers and educators and traffic police. The described capacity building initiatives in this report serve as a guideline for capacity building for the previously mentioned target groups. Off course, the proposed initiatives need to be further adjusted to the specific requirements for the group of road safety professionals within the country or region where they would be used.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Boudry, E.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J.L.; Remacle, E.; Sanon, C.; Martin, J.; Mignot, D.; Nabavi, M.; Talbot, R.; Welsh, R.
Keywords: Africa; road safety interventions; capacity building; traffic management; road safety policies; Road safety
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D3.5 - ROAD SAFETY INTERVENTIONS INITIATIVES
According to the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018 (WHO, 2018b), the number of road traffic injuries claimed 1.35 million lives in 2016. Based on the WHO regions, road traffic fatality rates are increasing in the African region from 26.1 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2013 to 26.6 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2016. Therefore, the African region is the worst performing WHO region. Over the same period, there was an improvement in road fatality rates in the WHO Europe region. Road traffic injury in Africa is even expected to worsen further, with an increasing of 55% in road traffic fatalities over the period from 2016 until 2030 (WHO, 2018c). SaferAfrica project aims at establishing a Dialogue Platform between Africa and Europe focused on road safety and traffic management issues. It will represent a high?level body with the main objective of providing recommendations to update the African Road Safety Action Plan and the African Road Safety Charter, as well as fostering the adoption of specific initiatives, properly funded. The first main objective of work package 3 is to assess the implementation of the Action Plan 20112020 (AU?UNECA, 2010). This assessment has been supported by SWOT and PESTEL analysis completed at different geo?political scales (continental, regional economic communities/corridors and country) and is described in deliverable 3.1. The second main objective of work package 3 is to define initiatives for different topics (i.e., road safety policies, road safety and traffic management, capacity building and other road safety interventions). Those initiatives are designed to foster the implementation of the Action Plan and to contribute to a better situation in terms of road safety. The final aim is to prepare information to support the discussions with the Dialogue Platform Management Board. This deliverable deals with the operational dimension of the Level/Layer matrix and more specific, the elaboration of initiatives about road safety interventions. Hereby, road safety interventions have been defined as actions designed to target consciously chosen safety improvement objectives within the road safety system (Wilpert & Fahlbruch, 2002). The categorisation of the road safety interventions is made based on the traditional five pillars used by the UN (2011). The road safety interventions in this report were selected based on the needs described in the capacity reviews of WP5, the applicability to the African continent and the concreteness of the road safety intervention. The described road safety interventions in this report serve as a guideline for the implementation of some concrete initiatives within the pillars of safer roads and mobility, safer vehicles, safer road users and post?crash response. Of course, they will need some specific adaptations and adjustments to the characteristics of the country or region where they would be implemented.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Boudry, E.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Fernández, E.; Sanon, C.
Keywords: Africa; road safety interventions; capacity building; traffic management; road safety; road safety policies
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Fascículo I - Fundamentos sobre Utentes e Rede Rodoviária.
O presente trabalho insere-se no âmbito de um protocolo entre o IMT - Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes, I.P. (IMT) e o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e destina-se a dar resposta à medida 25.93 do objetivo estratégico Infraestruturas Mais Seguras da Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária PENSE2020, consistindo na elaboração de uma norma técnica para aplicação a arruamentos urbanos, que possa contribuir para promover a melhoria da rede rodoviária municipal, designadamente através da adoção, no País, de critérios harmonizados no dimensionamento do traçado e no ordenamento da envolvente dos arruamentos urbanos, aspetos importantes para a obtenção de rodovias autoexplicativas necessárias para o pretendido Sistema Seguro. A norma técnica está organizada em quatro fascículos, destinados a contemplar os fundamentos sobre utentes e rede rodoviária, as características geométricas para rodovias com tráfego motorizado e não motorizado e as medidas de acalmia de tráfego aplicáveis a cada tipo de arruamento. Apresenta-se neste documento o Fascículo 1, relativo aos fundamentos sobre utentes e rede rodoviária, onde se incluem considerações sobre a hierarquia da rede viária, se elencam as características dos vários constituintes do sistema de tráfego relevantes para o traçado, os elementos básicos de projeto e os parâmetros geométricos relevantes para a conceção do ambiente rodoviário urbano.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J.L.; Roque, C.; Macedo, A. L.
Keywords: Ambiente rodoviário; Arruamentos urbanos; Norma de traçado
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D6.2 Train-the-trainer manua
This manual is meant to support lecturers who wish to incorporate a course on road safety into the curriculum of another educational program. Various professions have linkages with the problems and issues related to road safety. For some of these it is evident: engineering and technology, political and social sciences. In other professions, specific aspects of road safety can hold important input. ? Road safety education requires a place in the training of teachers (primary and secondary schools), since children need to be taught as early as possible how to behave safely on the road. ? Government wanting to set up an effective enforcement plan need to ensure police men have good knowledge of road safety behaviour. ? For new drivers, learning to drive concerns not only traffic rules and handling a car, but also understanding the psychology of a road user and traffic in general. Furthermore, many more professions deal with road safety issues in their job which makes it worthwhile considering implementing aspects of road safety into the existing curriculum. The first part of this manual will focus on the importance of implementing road safety curricula. The first chapter explains the current road safety situation and related problems in Africa. This overview provides arguments for exposing more students to road safety expertise. Chapter two speaks about the most common framework in road safety: the Safe System approach. It provides a definition and broader context on what road safety really constitutes: a systematic and combined approach of all important elements. Road safety is not only a matter of building strong roads it requires various coordinated actions and significant engagement from authorities, stakeholders and road users. On the basis of these two theoretical chapters, examples will be given to provide an indication of which learning outcomes could be of relevance for which profession/curriculum. These examples are not exhaustive, and are primarily intended to inspire the reader for the analysis of their situation. This is vital, since road safety implementation will vary depending on the context of a countrys organisational structure with regard to traffic and road safety. Special attention will be given to the education of road safety auditors and road safety inspectors. The second part of this manual is more didactical. It discusses the main aspects of organising a specific curriculum. Experienced teacher will already have sufficient background in developing a course, however we recommend to pay particular attention to the chapter on learning outcomes. A key error experts make when organising trainings is the attempt to pass on their entire knowledge to their students, even if these students have an entirely different background and profession. Emphasising how students can apply their newly gained road safety knowledge in their profession is crucial in order to ensure engagement during these trainings. The following chapter on Tools and Methodology discusses three interesting road safety case studies. Working with case studies is an effective tool to demonstrate the interlinkages of various road safety elements. Furthermore, we propose leaving the classroom and using live examples as a learning experience drawing on reality is definitely worth the time investment to engage participants. As a third possibility, we discuss the option of working with E-learning tools in combination with a classroom course. The SaferAfrica project has developed various E-learning modules concerning road safety issues that can provide a great general introduction to the subject. In the last chapter we emphasise the importance of evaluations and various techniques thereof. This manual does not provide detailed content for a road safety curriculum. A lot of documentation is already available on the various topics and expertise regarding road safety. A comprehensive list of references for further reading can be found at the end of the course. Additionally, extensive material can also be found on the SaferAfrica website: http://www.saferafrica.eu/ .
Year: 2018
Author(s): Sanon, C.; Morris, A.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Kluppels, L.
Keywords: Africa; learning outcomes; Safe System approach; education; curriculum; Road safety
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ICT
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Audit de sécurité routière au projet de routes du réseau routier national Manuel dapplication
Ce document est la traduction en langue française du manuel destiné à appuyer la mise en oeuvre d'audits de sécurité routière au projet dinfrastructures routières du réseau routier national développé par le Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil portugais. Le document est organisé en quatre sections. La première section présente la notion daudit de sécurité routière (ASR): un ensemble de procédures visant à intégrer, de manière explicite et formelle, les connaissances et informations sur la sécurité routière dans la planification et la conception de routes, afin datténuer les risques daccidents et de réduire leurs conséquences. Cette section présente également des informations sur la portée, le but et l'utilité des ASR dans la gestion de la sécurité routière tout au long du cycle de vie de l'infrastructure routière. Les principales compétences souhaitables pour le profil des auditeurs sont également décrites. Dans la seconde section, des recommandations sont formulées quant aux aspects techniques à prendre en compte dans la mise en oeuvre dun rapport daudit de sécurité routière, notamment en ce qui concerne linfluence de la route sur le risque daccident et aux fondements de bonnes pratiques. La troisième section est réservée aux aspects les plus directement liés aux procédures de mise en oeuvre des RSA, en particulier en ce qui concerne les rôles de chacune des parties prenantes. Enfin, dans la quatrième section, neuf listes de contrôle sont présentées, dont lutilisation est volontaires, ainsi que des exemples de résultats dASR en chacune des quatre phases du projet dinfrastructure routière. Ces listes de contrôle, figurant en annexe, concernent les aspects suivants: la phase des études préalables ; la phase des études davant-projet ; la phase des études de projet ; la phase immédiatement avant la mise en service ; les traversées dagglomération ; les intersections au contrôle par règle de priorité ou STOP; les intersections contrôlées par feux de circulation; les carrefours giratoires; et les échangeurs.
Year: 2018
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: PT; La sécurité routière; Manuel; Audit; Projet routier
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Estado-da-arte sobre medidas de engenharia de segurança rodoviária em ambiente urbano e sobre modelos de estimativa da frequência de acidentes - Resultados do projecto IRUMS
O presente documento constitui o primeiro relatório referente à actividade desenvolvida pelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e pela Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra (FCT/UC) no âmbito do projecto IRUMS Infra-estruturas Rodoviárias Urbanas Mais Seguras. Neste relatório apresenta-se o estado da prática corrente em medidas de engenharia de segurança rodoviária em ambientes urbanos e o estado da arte em modelos de estimativa da frequência de acidentes, elencando-se também variáveis potencialmente úteis para a estimação de volumes de tráfego de utentes rodoviários vulneráveis com especial incidência nos peões.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
152pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.; Carvalheira, C.; Picado Santos, L.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Previsão estatística; Modelo estatístico; Acidente rodoviário; Área urbana; Segurança rodoviária
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Método para intervenção na infra-estrutura rodoviária urbana para melhoria da segurança - Resultados do projecto IRUMS
O presente documento constitui o quinto relatório referente à actividade desenvolvida pelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e pela Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra (FCT/UC) no âmbito do projecto IRUMS Infra-estruturas Rodoviárias Urbanas Mais Seguras, que se integra também num protocolo assinado com a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. Neste relatório final do projecto apresentam-se o resumo e as principais conclusões do trabalho desenvolvido no que diz respeito ao estado da arte sobre medidas de engenharia de segurança rodoviária em ambiente urbano e sobre modelos de estimativa da frequência de acidentes; ao desenvolvimento de modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes nos arruamentos da cidade de Lisboa; e ao desenvolvimento de uma metodologia capaz de identificar as fragilidades da infraestrutura rodoviária em zona urbana que contribuam para a ocorrência de acidentes e que possam ser tratadas com o objectivo da redução da sinistralidade rodoviária. É ainda sumariada a tarefa de recolha de dados, dada a sua relevância para a concretização deste projecto.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
51pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.; Carvalheira, C.; Picado Santos, L.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Análise de dados; Modelo estatístico; Acidente rodoviário; Segurança rodoviária; Área urbana; Infra-estrutura rodoviária
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Accident prediction models for bidirectional data on portuguese motorways
The present document describes prediction models for accident, fatalities, serious injuries and killed and seriously injured victims, adjusted to bidirectional data of Portuguese motorway sections. The study was developed at Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) in the scope of Workpackage 2 - Safety Impact Assessment and Accident Prediction Model of the RIPCORD-ISEREST project, carried out under the 6th European Framework Program. It covers the issues related to modeling accidents using the Negative Binomial model regressions as well as detailed diagnostic checks of the models obtained. The data used were collected over a five year period, ranging from 1999 to 2003. Several explanatory variables were measured concerning exposure, number of lanes, presence of an additional lane, lane widths, type and widths of the roads shoulders and medians; response variables include the number of accidents, killed and serious injuries, fatalities and serious injuries that occurred on the five year period. The data set was further divided into four subsets corresponding to all road sections whose variables with missing values were removed, road sections without missing values and the equivalent for road sections with values of the annual average daily traffic greater than 5000 vehicles. Models were fitted to the four data sets with the response variables consisting on the number of accidents, fatalities, serious injuries and killed and seriously injured victims. Statistical techniques of model selection and model checking, including deviance and likelihood ratio tests and the AIC procedure, as well as graphical methods, were intensively used as measures of goodnessof- fit.
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
153pp.
Author(s): Lopes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: LNEC
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Benchmarking road safety in Latin American countries
The main objective of the project was the benchmarking of road safety performances and developments of ten Latin American countries. The comparison allowed to identify the similarities and differences between countries, not only on the number of crashes and casualties, but also on the factors, circumstances and events that influence the risk of a crash and the severity of its outcome. The analysis was performed in the following areas
Year: 2018
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Feypell, V.; Wegman, F.
Keywords: Data collection; Latin America; Benchmarking; Road safety
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Document organisationnel du système de comptage. Document descriptif des besoins
Neste relatório é proposta a estrutura organizacional para realização das contagens tendentes ao recenseamento de tráfego rodoviário na rede de estradas interubanas da Argélia, incluindo o dimensionamento do parque de equipamento de contagem a usar, sua configuração (cntagens permanentes e temporárias), bem como a avaliação dos prazos de realização, em função da dimensão das equipas encarregadas da colocação e exploração dos equipamentos nos trechos da rede rodoviária.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Rème, A.; Courbon, T.; Robin, V.; Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Rede rodoviária; Tráfego rodoviário
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Transport Challenge in Horizon 2020. ECTRI suggestions for the third work programme (2018-2020) in the field of "Transport economics and policy"
The European Conference of Transport Research Institutes (ECTRI) is an international non?profit association that was officially founded in April 2003. It is the first attempt to unite the forces of the foremost multimodal transport research centres across Europe and to thereby promote the excellence of European transport research. Today, it includes 28 major transport research institutes or universities from 21 European countries. Together, they account for more than 4,000 European scientific and research staff in the field of transport. ECTRI as the leading European research association for sustainable and multimodal mobility is committed to provide the scientifically based competence, knowledge and advice to move towards a green, safe, efficient, and inclusive transport for people and goods. The objective of this Position Paper in the field of transport economics and policies is to contribute to the third work programme 2018-2020 of the European Commission, for inclusion in the upcoming calls of Horizon 2020, and in particular addressing the societal challenge aiming to achieve Smart, Green and Integrated Transport".
Year: 2016
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Heddebaut, O.; Tuominen, A.
Keywords: Connected and automated transport; Socio-economic research; Low carbon transport; Behavioural research; Transport policies; Transport economics; Integrated transport; Green transport; Smart transport; Horizon 2020
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Assessment of intermodal freight transport costs
The research reported in this paper is part of the R&D project COST-TRENDs, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. It presents a strategic assessment study of the hinterland connections centred in the Port of Sines, in Portugal, that integrates the core network corridor of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) designated as the Atlantic corridor. The study comprised the analysis of trends of maritime freight costs until 2020 and the assessment of alternative intermodal freight transport options to reduce costs along the multimodal transport chains. The options evaluated focused in the Iberian section of the Atlantic corridor and included the combination of maritime-short sea shipping, maritime-rail, maritime-road and, also, rail-air modes. The study estimated several key performance indicators for each option which aim to provide useful inputs to transport policy.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
16pp.
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.
Keywords: Freight transport costs; Co2 emissions; Climate change externalities; Intermodal freight transport
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How to Promote Sustainable Land-Use Changes Through Developing Intermodal High-Speed Railway Stations: a case study in Portugal
The literature shows that the development of the railway system in most European countries had a key role both in the evolution of urban systems and regional dynamics. On the other hand, it can be said that railway stations might act as important drivers for promoting sustainable land-use changes, namely of node and place functions which can be consistently balanced. The future Portuguese High-Speed Railway (HSR) network is considered as a major strategic transport scheme at both the Iberian and national levels. Its first stage comprises three routes. Of these, one links the Lisbon Metropolitan Area with the Spanish border of Badajoz, being an integral part of the HSR between both Iberian capitals, whereas the other two form the Atlantic Axis, encompassing a system of cities ranging from Lisbon to Porto, an from the latter point to Braga, Vigo and Coruña, concentrating nearly 80% of the whole Portuguese population, and serving an area generating about 90% of Portugals GDP. The Lisbon to Porto HSR line, hereafter designated as the Atlantic corridor, will be a 292 Km-long standard-gauge (1435 mm) one, supplementing an historic and congested 146-year old Iberian-gauge (1668mm) main line. The new HSR line is expected to open by 2017, and will feature a limited number of intermediate stations, enabling an easy interchange with other transport modes, namely with the broad-gauge conventional rail network. The future intermodal Leiria-AV HSR station, one of the four intermediate railway stations within the Lisbon Porto line, will be located between the neighbourhood of Leiria (circa 42785 inh. in 2004) and Marinha Grande (38599 inh. in 2008), in the industrial zone of Barosa, at around 120 km North of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). This new intermodal HSR station is expected to function as a major regional interchange, by providing access to various urban centres, with support on both the tangencial Western main railway line, the A8 North-South coastal motorway and the National Road linking Leiria and Marinha Grande. One can say that the foreseen centrality, which will be at 35 minutes travel time from LMA, will be an opportunity to integrate railway development, activity location and spatial planning both at the regional and local levels, aiming at sustainable patterns of development. The work presented in this paper is the first stage of a broader research project on the topic High Speed Railway in Portugal: impacts and intermodality within the Leiria region which covers a wide range of HSR impacts. The questions addressed in this research are as follows: o What are the potential territorial implications of the HSR network in the region of the Leiria-AV? o How to promote sustainable land use and transport changes using the new intermodal HSR station as a (local and regional) development anchor? o How to balance expected HSR impacts if the aim is to achieve both sustainable and healthier communities along with maximizing economic and other potential positive impacts? The research methodology will comprise two major steps: i) benchmarking exercise of other reference cities in Europe where HSR was already implemented, such that a list of potential impacts can be now anticipated for the case of the intermediate city of Leiria; ii) implementation of an attitudinal and stated choice survey to a representative sample of economic agents and other stakeholders that will assess individuals (local communities) and group (firms) perceptions regarding the impacts of the HSR project and specific intermodal scenarios set for promoting sustainable land use and transport mode changes; iii) the comparison of potential versus perceived impacts and preferred intermodal options. Overall research results are expected to contribute towards future policy formulation with respect to railway and land use developments both at the community and regional level aiming at achieving sustainable patterns of development. This paper is centred on the benchmarking exercise that comprised major reference cities where HSR were already implemented and on the preliminary results obtained from a stated choice (SC) survey administered to a sample of economics agents within Lisbon Metropolitan Area. This SC survey focused on the assessment of those potential territorial effects related to relocation of offices nearby the future Leiria AV HSR station. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents an overview of the HSR project in Portugal and the Leiria AV station in the context of the urban/regional network. Section 3 provides a discussion of the territorial impacts related to the HSR project considering a benchmarking exercise that included impacts observed at similar characteristics to Leiria and HSR connections. Subsequently, section 4 present a prospective analysis of those impacts for the Leiria region, including a stated-choice experiment which was implemented to a sample of firms in Lisbon to evaluate ex ante possible office relocation choices. Some prospective scenarios are then outlined. Finally, section 6 concludes and some further research directions can be drawn.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
30p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Tao, M.; Ferreira, F.
Editor: PTRC, UK
Keywords: Stated-choice survey; Discrete choice models; Territorial impacts; Intermodality; High-speed rail
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