Papers
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Vehicle tracking using the k-shortest paths algorithm and dual graphs
Vehicle trajectory descriptions are required for the development of driving behaviour models and in the calibration of several traffic simulation applications. In recent years, the progress in aerial sensing technologies and image processing algorithms allowed for easier collection of such detailed traffic datasets and multiple-object tracking based on constrained flow optimization has been shown to produce very satisfactory results, even in high density traffic situations. This method uses individual image features collected for each candidate vehicle as criteria in the optimization process. When dealing with poor image quality or low ground sampling distances, feature-based optimization may produce unreal trajectories.In this paper we extend the application of the k-shortest paths algorithm for multiple-object tracking to the motion-based optimization. A graph of possible connections between successive candidate positions was built using a first level criteria based on speeds. Dual graphs were built to account for acceleration-based and acceleration variation-based criteria. With this framework both longitudinal and lateral motion-based criteria are contemplated in the optimization process. The k-shortest disjoints paths algorithm was then used to determine the optimal set of trajectories (paths) on the constructed graph.The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to a vehicle positions dataset, collected through aerial remote sensing on a Portuguese suburban motorway. Besides the importance of a new trajectory dataset that will allow for the estimation of new behavioural models and the validation of existing ones, the motion-based multiple-vehicle tracking algorithm allowed for a fast and effective processing using a simple optimization formulation.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
pp3 - 11.
Author(s): Lima Azevedo, C.; Cardoso, J. L.; Ben-Akiva, M.
: Transportation Research Procedia
Editor: Elsevier, BV
Volume:
Vol 1, Issue 1.
Keywords: Remote sensing; Driver behaviour; Image processing; Vehicle trajectories
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Exposure data and risk indicators for safety performance assessment in Europe
The objective of this paper is the analysis of the state-of-the-art in risk indicators and exposure data for safety performance assessment in Europe, in terms of data availability, collection methodologies and use. More specifically, the concepts of exposure and risk are explored, as well as the theoretical properties of various exposure measures used in road safety research (e.g. vehicle- and person-kilometres of travel, vehicle fleet, road length, driver population, time spent in traffic, etc.). Moreover, the existing methods for collecting disaggregate exposure data for risk estimates at national level are presented and assessed, including survey methods (e.g. travel surveys, traffic counts) and databases (e.g. national registers). A detailed analysis of the availability and quality of existing risk exposure data is also carried out. More specifically, the results of a questionnaire survey in the European countries are presented, with detailed information on exposure measures available, their possible disaggregations (i.e. variables and values), their conformity to standard definitions and the characteristics of their national collection methods. Finally, the potential of international risk comparisons is investigated, mainly through the International Data Files with exposure data (e.g. Eurostat, IRTAD, ECMT, UNECE, IRF, etc.). The results of this review confirm that comparing risk rates at international level may be a complex task, as the availability and quality of exposure estimates in European countries varies significantly. The lack of a common framework for the collection and exploitation of exposure data limits significantly the comparability of the national data. On the other hand, the International Data Files containing exposure data provide useful statistics and estimates in a systematic way and are currently the only sources allowing international comparisons of road safety performance under certain conditions.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
371-383.
Author(s): Papadimitriou, E.; Yannis, G.; Bijleveld , F.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
60.
Keywords: Data quality; Exposure; Risk
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Future Trends on the Costs and Benefits of Electric, Hybrid and Conventional Vehicles in Europe
The European Commission Transport White Paper
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
20.
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.; Pontes, J.
Editor: WCTR/UFRJ
Keywords: Transport economics; Sustainable mobility; Transport policy and planning; Emerging technologies; Cost-benefit analysis; Co2 emissions; Electric vehicles
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Observations on the relationship between European standards for safety barrier impact severity and the degree of injury sustained
Road restraint systems are roadside structures that include safety barriers, crash cushions, terminal of barriers, the transitions among different road restraint systems, motorcyclist protection devices, etc. These systems are used to protect vehicle occupants from dangerous roadside elements and are a key issue in roadside safety.In Europe, safety barriers are currently designed for different performance levels using three main criteria: containment, impact severity and deformation of the barrier.The impact severity level is exclusively associated with injury risk to vehicle occupants and assumes that different severity levels correspond to different levels of injuries.From these observations, three questions emerge: what consequences can be expected for the passengers of an errant vehicle when it is contained by a safety barrier? Systems with different impact severity levels lead to diverse severity consequences? What are the benefits of using barriers with lower impact severity levels?To answer these questions this paper examines how the number of run-off-the-road crashes and victims
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
21
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J. L.
: IATSS Research
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Volume 37, Issue 1.
Keywords: En1317; Crash frequency model; Injury criteria; Injury risk; Safety barrier
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The Economic Appraisal of Health Benefits of Non-Motorized Transport Modes: key methodological challenges
The economic appraisal of the external effects of transport options can provide important data for policy making. On the other hand, impacts of non-motorized modes have often been undervalued in comparison to other transport modes. To this end, assessing the potential health benefits of walking and cycling is being increasingly recognized as an important step to promote sustainable mobility policies.This paper is built upon the contracted study for the World Health Organization (WHO) on the economic appraisal of health benefits of walking and cycling investments for the City of Viana do Castelo. This Portuguese city which integrates the WHO European Healthy Cities Network provided a suitable policy context for the former application in Portugal of the WHO Health Economic Assessment Model (HEAT) for appraising the health benefits of non-motorized transport. The study comprised the evaluation of the following investment actions: a) Improvements of the urban public space for pedestrians; b) Planning future cycling infrastructures. This paper provides a discussion of the methodological challenges and key findings that have arisen from the WHO HEAT application study, when trying to answer the following questions:- If x people cycle (or walk) a distance of y kilometers on most days, what is the economic value of the correspondent health benefits? - What levels of uptake of cycling in the future are required for the cycling plan to be economic viable? - What health benefits are associated to a projected increase in the traffic levels of pedestrians (% increase from the reference level)? - Do health benefits of cycling (and walking) investments outweigh their costs?Results from this study make it able to add novel evidence for the Portuguese urban context on the potential health benefits of walking and cycling (maximum and mean annual health benefits), including the cost-benefit ratio indicators. These indicators are expected to be useful for policy makers and city officers involved in the promotion of sustainable mobility.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.
: Procedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences 2013.
Keywords: Walking and cycling; Non-motorized modes; Sustainable mobility; Health benefits; Cost-benefit analysis; Economic appraisal
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The influence of the infrastructure characteristics in urban road accidents occurrence
This paper summarizes the result of a study regarding the creation of tools that can be used in intervention methods in the planning and management of urban road networks in Portugal. The first tool relates the creation of a geocoded database of road accidents occurred in Lisbon between 2004 and 2007, which allowed the definition of digital maps, with the possibility of a wide range of consultations and crossing of information.The second tool concerns the development of models to estimate the frequency of accidents on urban networks, according to different desegregations: road element (intersections and segments); type of accident (accidents with and without pedestrians); and inclusion of explanatory variables related to the road environment. Several methods were used to assess the goodness of fit of the developed models, allowing more robust conclusions.This work aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge of accidents phenomenon in Portugal, with detailed and accurate information on the factors affecting its occurrence. This allows to explicitly include safety aspects in planning and road management tasks.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
9.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
: Accident Analysis & Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Keywords: Road accidents urban intersections urban segments; Generalized linear modelling; Accident prediction models; Gis
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Assessing the Potential Health Benefits of Cycling at the City of Viana do Castelo
Mobility has an important impact on the overall functioning of cities and quality of life of citizens. On the other hand, motorized road traffic is associated with high levels of noise and air pollutant emissions along with congestion and other externalities, leading to considerable social and environmental costs and degradation of human health. Following the World Health Organization, physical inactivity is one of the leading risks in Europe, associated with nearly 1 million deaths per year. In Portugal around 69% of the adult population do not reach the minimum recommended level of physical activity and 31% were considered sufficiently and highly active. Therefore, more sustainable transport modes such as walking and cycling are envisaged. This paper is built upon the contracted work with the city of Viana do Castelo, located in the North of Portugal, conducted for the World Health Organization (WHO) by the University of Minho and LNEC. The work integrates a research roadmap (case study plan for the application of the Health Economic Assessment Tool) for the appraisal of health benefits of specific walking and cycling investments in the city. The work presented here focus on the former part of the study which involved joint team work with the city officers for defining the target policy scenarios for using the WHO Economic Assessment Tool, the exchange of experiences and practices with other European cities regarding the use of this tool for health benefits assessment, the characterization of the mobility patterns at the reference and alternative policy scenarios set for the cost-benefit analysis, the data collection plan and the expected impacts from the early consideration of health benefits of those non-motorized investments. Results from the evaluation study can help the City elected officials to demonstrate the health benefits of walking and cycling investments. Individuals
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
25.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.
: Proceedings of the 40th European Transport Conference 2012/Atas da 40ª Conferência Europeia de Transportes
Editor: AET and Contributors
Keywords: City of viana do castelo (cidade de viana do castelo); Sustainable mobility (mobilidade sustentável); Cost-benefit analysis (análise custo-benefício); Walking and cycling (modos suaves: pedonal e ciclável); World health organisation (organização mundial de saúde); Health economic assessment (avaliação económica de benefícios para a saúde humana)
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Book Review. A Handbook of Transport Economics, A. de Palma, R. Lindsey, E.Quinet, R.Vickerman (Eds) 904 pp..
This article is a comprehensive Book review of the "Handbook of Transport Economics" (904 pages) by A. de Palma, R. Lindsey and E. Quinet, published in 2011 by Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, ISBN: 978 1 84720203 1.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
163-164pp.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.
: Journal of Transport Geography
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
25.
Keywords: Transport modelling; Transport and spatial economy; Transport policy and planning; Transport economics
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Estimating the safety performance of urban intersections in Lisbon, Portugal
According to official statistics, a large percentage of crashes in Portugal are reported on urban roads. For instance, from 2004 to 2007, about 70% of all injury accidents and 43% of the fatalities occurred inside urban agglomerations. This important safety problem has also been observed on the urban network of Lisbon. Understanding this significant problem, the Government of the Portuguese Republic via its research grant agency
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
8.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Geedipally, S.; Lord , D.
: Safety Science
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
50.
Keywords: Road accidents; Urban intersections; Generalized linear modeling; Lisbon; Crash prediction models
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Safety effects of low-cost engineering measures. An observational study in a Portuguese multilane road
Single carriageway multilane roads are not, in general, a very safe type of road, mainly because of the high number of seriously injured victims in head-on collisions, when compared with dual carriageway multilane roads, with a median barrier.In this paper the results of a study on the effect of the application of several low cost engineering measures, aimed at road infrastructure correction and road safety improvement on a multilane road EN6), are presented. The study was developed by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC) for the Portuguese Road Administration and involved a comparison of selected aspects of motorized trafficbehaviour (traffic volumes and speeds) measured in several sections of EN6, as well as monitoring of road safety developments in the same road. The applied low cost engineering measures allowed a reductionof 10% in the expected annual number of personal injury accidents and a 70% decrease in the expected annual number of head-on collisions; the expected annual frequency of accidents involving killed and seriously injured persons was reduced by 26%.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
7.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Volume 48.
Keywords: Road safety; Low-cost engineering measures; Median; Before
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Comunicação
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Análise da evolução da sinistralidade no corredor Lisboa - Cascais
Sendo elevados os custos sociais gerados pela sinistralidade importa quantificar o impacte dos investimentos rodoviários sobre o nível de segurança rodoviária, por forma a avaliar os ganhos de eficácia e eficiência do sistema de transporte por eles gerados. Na presente comunicação apresentam-se os resultados da avaliação comparada da sinistralidade observada no corredor Lisboa-Cascais após construção da A5, com estimativas para diversos indicadores de segurança para cinco cenários alternativos de evolução das ligações rodoviárias no mesmo corredor. A análise dos cenários permitiu quantificar a frequência esperada de acidentes caso se optasse por uma evolução da rede diferente da efectivamente construída, tendo-se concluído que a sinistralidade nos cenários alternativos seria, genericamente, maior.
Year: 2008
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
Info
Road safety management in Lisbon: Development of efficient corrective safety measures
A research project,
Year: 2008
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Carvalheira, C.; Picado Santos, L.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Corrective measures; Road safety
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Avaliação do impacte sobre a sinistralidade de medidas correctivas em trecho da EN6
A presente comunicação refere-se à actividade desenvolvida pelo LNEC no âmbito do estudo do impacte sobre a sinistralidade e o comportamento do condutor de diversas medidas correctivas aplicadas na EN6, entre os km 3.2 e 6.9, em 1992 e 1993. São apresentados os resultados das comparações de parâmetros seleccionados do comportamento do tráfego motorizado (volumes de tráfego e velocidades) medidos em diversas secções correntes da EN6, bem como as conclusões relativas à avaliação da evolução da sinistralidade na mesma estrada.Concluiu-se que as intervenções efectuadas no trecho referido da EN6 permitiram uma redução de 12% no número anual de acidentes corporais e de 66% no de colisões frontais. Estima-se que terá sido de 34% a diminuição na frequência anual esperada de acidentes envolvendo mortos e feridos graves.
Year: 2006
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.; Vieira Gomes, S.
Info
Políticas e programas de segurança rodoviária e sua relação com o risco de acidentes em diferentes países europeus
O projecto europeu SUNflower+6 decorreu em 2004 e 2005. Tratou-se, essencialmente, de um estudo comparativo envolvendo nove países europeus, com o objectivo principal de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os desenvolvimentos verificados nas últimas décadas, no que se refere às relações entre o risco de acidentes rodoviários nesses países e as respectivas políticas, planos e medidas de segurança.Na presente comunicação faz-se uma apresentação sucinta do âmbito e da metodologia do estudo e da contribuição da participação portuguesa no mesmo, assegurada pelo LNEC. Referem-se alguns resultados e conclusões que se afiguram mais significativos para o caso de Portugal.
Year: 2006
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Macedo, A. L.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
Info
Low cost engineering measures for casualty reduction
Accident occurrence is the result of the contribution of several factors associated with the traffic system, namely: road user, road environment and vehicles. English and American studies revealed that about 93% of all accidents involve human factors and nearly 33% are associated with road environment [1, 2]. Finnish studies also revealed that the road environment may lead to wrong driver behaviour, especially where road design discontinuities prevent the driver from being able to predict the environment and situations ahead [3, 4].Road administrations have the responsibility to provide a road environment with the best equilibrium between road infrastructure demand and drivers capabilities throughout all the road life cycle [5].A study on standardization and rationalization of low cost engineering measures (LCEM) application, aimed at road infrastructure correction and road safety improvement, was developed by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC) for the Portugal Roads Institute (IEP)
Year: 2005
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Info
Medidas de engenharia de baixo custo para melhoria da segurança rodoviária na rede rodoviária nacional
De acordo com a experiência internacional, a correcção das deficiências da infra-estrutura, designadamente em zonas de acumulação de acidentes, permite obter diminuições importantes da sinistralidade em prazos relativamente curtos. Estas correcções, que podem incidir sobre o traçado da estrada, as zonas adjacentes à faixa de rodagem ou o sistema de gestão do tráfego, quando implicam investimentos pequenos e períodos de execução curtos (comparativamente aos habituais em obras rodoviárias), são agrupadas no designado conjunto de
Year: 2002
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.; Vieira Gomes, S.
Editor: CRP
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Books
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The effect of low cost engineering measures and enforcement on driver behaviour and safety on single carriageway interurban trunk roads. In Advances in Human Aspects of Road and Rail Transportation.
The application of low-cost road and traffic engineering measures (LCEM) is a cost-effective method for reducing accidents and their consequences. Empirical evidence shows that enforcement contributes to improvements on driving behaviour and road safety; however, results from reducing enforcement are seldom presented.In this paper a presentation is made of the impact LCEM and changes in enforcement intensity had on selected driving behaviour variables and safety levels on a 170 km single carriageway trunk road. LCEM were implemented on the road, followed a year later by the commitment of exceptionally intense and severe law enforcement and, after two years, its relaxation. The impacts of these safety interventions were evaluated through observational before-after studies. The expected number of injury accidents was reduced by 41% (less 75% fatalities), when considering the combined effect of LCEM and enforcement; suppression of strict enforcement was related to a 20% increase in the number of fatalities.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group
Keywords: Driving behaviour; Low cost measures; Safety effects
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Application of a gap-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of a stretch of the national road EN1 located in the north of Portugal - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to a successful application of an asphalt rubber wearing course in the frame ofthe rehabilitation of the pavement of the National Road EN 1 between Landiosa and Picoto.It concerns asphalt rubber manufactured by the wet process, using gap-graded aggregates. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à aplicação bem sucedida de misturas com betume modificadocom borracha reciclada de pneus em camada de desgaste, no âmbito das obras de reabilitação dopavimento da estrada nacional EN 1, entre Landiosa e Picoto.Diz respeito, em particular, ao fabrico, por via húmida, de mistura betuminosa com borrachautilizando agregados com granulometria descontínua.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 124
Keywords: Laboratory test; In situ test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Asphalt; Pt
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Modos Suaves, Manual de Boas Práticas para uma Mobilidade Sustentável
Manual de boas práticas para uma mobilidade sustentável, no âmbito do projecto nacional "Mobilidade Sustentável" coordenado pela Agência portuguesa do Ambiente (Vol. II). O projecto Mobilidade Sustentável envolveu uma rede de 15 centros de investigação/universidades do país, incluindo o LNEC.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
274p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Viegas, F.
Editor: Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA)
Volume:
Vol. II.
Keywords: Boas práticas; Portugal; Municípios; Planos de mobilidade; Mobilidade sustentável
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Projecto Mobilidade Sustentável. Concepção, Principais Conclusões e Recomendações
Nesta publicação apresentam-se os aspectos relativos à concepção do projecto Mobilidade Sustentável, principais conclusões e recomendações.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
80p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Viegas, F.
Editor: Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA)
Volume:
Volume I.
Keywords: Planeamento de transportes; Mobilidade sustentável
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Capítulo de Livro
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Modelos de Duração Aplicados à Engenharia de Transportes
O tempo decorrido (ou a distância percorrida) até à ocorrência de um evento, ou a duração do mesmo, podem ser analisados através de modelos de duração baseados em risco (hazard-based duration models), os quais têm sido amplamente utilizados em campos como a medicina, as ciências sociais e a engenharia industrial. Contudo, são relativamente escassos os estudos que aplicaram modelos de duração à engenharia de transportes.Este capítulo inclui dois exemplos de aplicação de modelos de duração à investigação em engenharia de transportes. O primeiro diz respeito às distâncias percorridas por veículos descontrolados em despistes ocorridos na Carolina do Norte (E.U.A.). O segundo refere-se ao tempo decorrido até à transferência modal nas deslocações para a escola de um conjunto de alunos de 162 turmas de 51 escolas do ensino básico em Portugal.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
109-124.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A Experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC
Keywords: Modelo de duração; Engenharia de transportes
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Modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes rodoviários
Em Portugal, a investigação sobre o conhecimento dos fatores que afetam a probabilidade de ocorrência de acidentes tem-se centrado essencialmente nas estradas interurbanas. No entanto, as zonas urbanas, onde ocorrem elevadas percentagens de acidentes corporais requerem uma atenção prioritária. Com o presente estudo pretendeu contribuir-se para a melhoria da segurança rodoviária em meio urbano, através da criação de ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas em métodos de intervenção em que a segurança dos utentes vulneráveis seja considerada explicitamente nas fases de planeamento e gestão das redes viárias. Uma das referidas ferramentas resultou da elaboração de modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes para redes urbanas, segundo diversas desagregações, em função de características do elemento rodoviário: em intersecções (três ramos, quatro ramos e rotundas) e em segmentos; segundo o tipo de acidente (atropelamentos e restantes acidentes com vítimas); e segundo a inclusão de variáveis explicativas relacionadas com o ambiente rodoviário: simplificados (apenas com as variáveis de exposição) e globais (com todas as potenciais variáveis explicativas). O desenvolvimento destes modelos foi apoiado numa base de dados georreferenciada dos acidentes rodoviários ocorridos em Lisboa entre 2004 e 2007, com a qual foi possível explorar os dados de sinistralidade na área geográfica em análise. Estas ferramentas podem ser usadas diretamente na gestão das infraestruturas rodoviárias da cidade de Lisboa e, após pequenas adaptações, estendidas a outros municípios, dotando as respetivas entidades competentes em matéria de segurança rodoviária com informação rigorosa e detalhada sobre os fatores intervenientes na ocorrência de acidentes em meio urbano e a respetiva distribuição espacial.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
71-96pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Método empírico de Bayes; Acidentes rodoviários; Modelação linear generalizada; Zonas de acumulação de acidentes; Modelos de estimativa de frequência de acidentes
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Modelos Explicativos da Gravidade dos Acidentes Rodoviários
Os dados discretos ou em escala nominal desempenham um papel fundamental nos transportes porque muitas análises de políticas lidam com estes tipos de dados. Exemplos de dados discretos nos transportes incluem o modo de transporte (automóvel, autocarro, comboio), o tipo ou categoria de veículo e o tipo de acidente rodoviário (despistes, colisões frontais, colisões traseiras, etc.). O conhecimento do efeito das diferentes intervenções de segurança rodoviária na redução da gravidade das lesões resultantes de acidentes rodoviários exige uma avaliação empírica detalhada das interações, reconhecidamente complexas, entre veículos, estrada e fatores humanos.Os avanços mais recentes nas metodologias estatísticas aplicadas a dados discretos sobre sinistralidade rodoviária permitiram o desenvolvimento de modelos sofisticados capazes de serem usados para determinar com rigor a influência dos fatores acima referidos nos níveis de gravidade das lesões resultantes dos acidentes rodoviários.Neste contexto, a aplicação de modelos de resultado discreto permite identificar um conjunto de fatores, relacionados com a envolvente rodoviária, que são estatisticamente relacionáveis com a gravidade das lesões dos utentes envolvidos em acidentes rodoviários, permitindo aperfeiçoar a conceção e o dimensionamento das estradas, bem como orientar políticas conducentes à melhoria da segurança rodoviária. Este capítulo inclui um exemplo de aplicação do modelo logit multinomial usando a gravidade das lesões no condutor como variável de resposta.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
97-108.
Author(s): Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A Experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Keywords: Acidente rodoviário; Modelo de resultado discreto; Modelo logit multinomial
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A hybrid approach for prioritising road safety interventions in urban areas
Spatial organization in cities has often given a special attention to the requirements of motorized vehicles, neglecting pedestrians and cyclists
Year: 2020
Number Pages:
204-208pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Roque, C. A.; Cardoso, J. L.
: Proceedings of the XXIV International Conference on Living and Walking in Cities.
Editor: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
Keywords: High crash risk sites; Empirical Bayes method; GIS; Accident prediction models
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The role of sustainable urban mobility plans and ICT to improve public space for social inclusion
The importance of sustainable urban mobility plans is widely recognized by local and regional authorities across Europe. Technological innovation opportunities such as those offered by current and future ICT can contribute for cities to advance towards sustainable mobility and accessibility for inclusive public spaces.This article is built on an innovative living lab experience of the Intermunicipal Community of the Algarve (AMAL), the regional transport authority, scientifically supported by the LNEC, in Portugal, that comprised the development of the designated
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
109-122pp.
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Coelho, J.
: Neighbourhood & City - Between digital and analogue perspectives
Editor: UL/COST
Keywords: Transport decarbonisation; Low carbon mobility; Accessibility; Transport planning and policies; Public spaces; App; Information and communications technology; Sustainable mobility
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Tese de Doutoramento
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Avaliação da Influência da Infra
O conhecimento dos factores que afectam a probabilidade de ocorrência de um acidente éuma área de investigação relevante de há muitas décadas devido aos enormes custos para asociedade dos acidentes rodoviários. Em Portugal, os desenvolvimentos nesta matériacentraram-se essencialmente nas estradas inter-urbanas. No entanto, as zonas urbanas,caracterizadas por elevadas percentagens de acidentes corporais (cerca de 69% do total entre2004 e 2008), requerem uma atenção prioritária.Com o presente estudo pretendeu contribuir-se para a melhoria da segurança rodoviária emmeio urbano, através da criação de ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas em métodos deintervenção em que a segurança dos utentes vulneráveis seja considerada explicitamente nasfases de planeamento e gestão das redes viárias.A primeira ferramenta correspondeu à criação de uma base de dados georreferenciada dosacidentes rodoviários ocorridos na cidade de Lisboa entre 2004 e 2007, que permitiu adefinição de mapas digitais, com possibilidade de uma grande diversidade de consultas e decruzamentos de informação.A segunda ferramenta refere-se à elaboração de modelos de estimativa de frequência deacidentes para redes urbanas, segundo diversas desagregações: segundo o elementorodoviário: em intersecções (intersecção de três ramos, intersecção de quatro ramos erotundas) e em segmentos; segundo o tipo de acidente: atropelamentos e restantes acidentescom vítimas; e segundo a inclusão de variáveis explicativas relacionadas com o ambienterodoviário: simplificado (apenas com as variáveis de exposição) e global (com todas aspotenciais variáveis explicativas). Foi considerada a incorporação de dados de exposiçãorelativos aos utentes vulneráveis por forma a melhorar a capacidade de estimativa dasinistralidade em redes urbanas.Estas duas ferramentas podem ser usadas directamente na gestão de infra-estruturas, dotandoas entidades com competência em matéria de segurança rodoviária com informação rigorosa edetalhada sobre os factores intervenientes na ocorrência de acidentes em meio urbano erespectiva distribuição espacial.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
371.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.
Keywords: Sistemas de informação geográficos; Modelos matemáticos; Zona urbana; Segurança rodoviária
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Estudo das Relações entre as Características da Estrada, a Velocidade e os Acidentes Rodoviários. Aplicação a Estradas de Duas Vias e Dois Sentidos.
No período de 1988 a 1993, ocorreram anualmente nas estradas rurais de uma faixa de rodagem e dois sentidos da Rede Rodoviária Nacional de Portugal, em média, cerca de 1471 acidentes corporais anuais em curva fora de cruzamentos. Estes acidentes constituem cerca de 33% dos acidentes corporais fora de cruzamentos participados na referida rede.O objectivo do presente trabalho é contribuir para o conhecimento da influência da estrada na ocorrência de acidentes e para o desenvolvimento de um método para avaliação de traçados rodoviários do ponto de vista da segurança.Foram realizadas in situ campanhas de recolha de dados sobre as distribuições de velocidades dos condutores, os quais foram relacionados com as características geométricas das estradas e com a respectiva sinistralidade. Foram desenvolvidos modelos para estimativa de perfis de velocidade de circulação livre, bem como modelos para estimativa da frequência de acidentes, em estradas de uma faixa de rodagem e dois sentidos, adaptados às condições de tráfego nacionais. Os referidos modelos foram integrados num procedimento para detectar inconsistências de velocidade em especial associadas à ocorrência de acidentes em curva, o qual foi usado para fundamentar uma proposta de quantificação de critérios de homogeneidade de traçado, adaptados à realidade do sistema de tráfego rodoviário português.
Year: 1996
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: estrada de 2 vias e 2 sentidos; Modelos de frequência de acidentes; Homogeneidade de traçado; Velocidade; Acidente rodoviário; Características da estrada
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Relatório Científico
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D3.4
The first main objective of work package 3 is to assess the implementation of the Action Plan 2011
Year: 2019
Author(s): Boudry, E.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.; Remacle, E.; Sanon, C.; Martin, J.; Mignot, D.; Nabavi, M.; Talbot, R.; Welsh, R.
Keywords: Africa; road safety interventions; capacity building; traffic management; road safety policies; Road safety
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D3.5 - ROAD SAFETY INTERVENTIONS INITIATIVES
According to the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018 (WHO, 2018b), the number of road traffic injuries claimed 1.35 million lives in 2016. Based on the WHO regions, road traffic fatality rates are increasing in the African region from 26.1 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2013 to 26.6 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2016. Therefore, the African region is the worst performing WHO region. Over the same period, there was an improvement in road fatality rates in the WHO Europe region. Road traffic injury in Africa is even expected to worsen further, with an increasing of 55% in road traffic fatalities over the period from 2016 until 2030 (WHO, 2018c).SaferAfrica project aims at establishing a Dialogue Platform between Africa and Europe focused on road safety and traffic management issues. It will represent a high
Year: 2019
Author(s): Boudry, E.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Fernández, E.; Sanon, C.
Keywords: Africa; road safety interventions; capacity building; traffic management; road safety; road safety policies
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Fascículo I - Fundamentos sobre Utentes e Rede Rodoviária.
O presente trabalho insere-se no âmbito de um protocolo entre o IMT - Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes, I.P. (IMT) e o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e destina-se a dar resposta à medida 25.93 do objetivo estratégico Infraestruturas Mais Seguras da Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária
Year: 2019
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.; Roque, C. A.; Macedo, A. L.
Keywords: Ambiente rodoviário; Arruamentos urbanos; Norma de traçado
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D6.2 Train-the-trainer manua
This manual is meant to support lecturers who wish to incorporate a course on road safety into the curriculum of another educational program. Various professions have linkages with the problems and issues related to road safety. For some of these it is evident: engineering and technology, political and social sciences. In other professions, specific aspects of road safety can hold important input.
Year: 2018
Author(s): Sanon, C.; Morris, A.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Kluppels, L.
Keywords: Africa; learning outcomes; Safe System approach; education; curriculum; Road safety
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Rapport d
Resumem-se o contexto e as atividades de colaboração realizadas no âmbito do projeto de Jumelage DZ20, no âmbito do resultado 3, que visava estabelecer um sistema de recenseamento de tráfego rodoviário na rede interurbana argelina e contribuir para a melhoria do sistema de pesagem de veículos e controlo das cargas dos veículos pesados. Apresentam-se recomendações para a continuidade e sustentabilidade dos trabalhos do CTTP neste domínio.
Year: 2018
Author(s): Rème, A.; Klein, É.; Robin, V.; Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Sobrecarga; Rede rodoviária; Tráfego rodoviário
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Benchmarking de la seguridad vial en América Latina
Este informe describe y compara la gestión y el desempeño de la seguridad vial en diez países de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, México, Paraguay y Uruguay.La evaluación comparativa es una herramienta útil para equiparar países y aprender unos de otros. Las comparaciones en este estudio permiten identificar similitudes y diferencias entre países en cuanto al número de accidentes y víctimas, pero también a los factores que influyen en el riesgo de colisiones y la gravedad de sus resultados.El proyecto se llevó a cabo durante un período de dos años en estrecha cooperación con el Observatorio Iberoamericano de Seguridad Vial (OISEVI) y la participación activa de expertos de los diez países. Se basa en el análisis de una gran cantidad de datos e información sobre el contexto general del transporte para cada país, sus prácticas de gestión de la seguridad vial y las tendencias en el desempeño de la seguridad vial. Los aspectos específicos que se revisaron en detalle fueron la seguridad de los motociclistas y los peatones, el comportamiento al conducir y beber, el uso de cinturones de seguridad y sistemas de retención de niños, gestión de la velocidad y la atención posterior al accidente.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Feypell, V.; Wegman, F.
Keywords: Víctimas; Accidentes; Evaluación comparativa; América Latina; Seguridad Vial
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Benchmarking road safety in Latin America
What we did This report describes and benchmarks road safety management and performance in ten Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay. Country benchmarking is a useful tool to compare countries and learn from each other. The comparisons in this study allow identifying similarities and differences between countries in the number of crashes and casualties, but also in the factors that influence the risk of crashes and the severity of their outcomes.The project was conducted over a two-year period in close co-operation with the Ibero American Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI) and active involvement of experts from the ten countries. It is based on the analysis of a large amount of data and information on the general transport context for each country, their road safety management practices, and trends in road safety performance. Specific aspects that were reviewed in detail were motorcyclist and pedestrian safety, drinking and driving behaviour, seat belt and child restraint use, speed management and post-crash care. What we foundRoad safety is a major issue in Latin America and substantial actions are needed to reduce the road safety toll. There is a high road mortality rate (fatalities per 100 000 population) in all ten countries compared to the European Union average, except in Cuba, where motorisation is much lower. Across the ten countries, more than 78 000 people were killed on the road in 2014. Some countries have seen a significant increase in the number of road deaths in recent years. For others, the number of road deaths has slightly increased or has more or less stabilised, despite a strong increase in motorisation.In the absence of targeted policy interventions, significant investment and strong leadership, the number of traffic fatalities will grow across Latin America over the next decade. Motorisation has been rising in all countries and significantly increasing the exposure to traffic risks. The deteriorating safety of motorcyclists is a particularly acute problem in Latin America due largely to the dramatic increase in the fleets of powered two-wheelers. In three countries, motorcyclists represent more than 40% of the total number of road deaths. Pedestrians are the largest or second largest group of road deaths in seven countries. While adequate legislations exist in all countries, speeding, drink driving and low levels of seat belt use and wearing motorcycle helmets are common issues in all ten countries. Addressing these issues, and reducing the toll of road deaths and serious injuries, will require substantial efforts.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Feypell, V.; Wegman, F.
Keywords: Data collection; Latin America; Benchmarking; Road safety
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Deliverable D3.2 - Report on common research challenges regarding safety and security
This report is a deliverable of USE-iT (Users, Safety, Security and Energy in Transport Infrastructure); a Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action (CSA) project managed by the Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories (FEHRL). The aim of USE-iT is to better understand the common challenges facing transport modes and in conjunction with stakeholders to produce a multi-modal research roadmap to develop technologies and approaches to addressing these challenges. In addition to a work package on management (WP1) and a work package on dissemination activities (WP5), USE-iT is divided into three technical Work Packages addressing important challenges facing all modes; providing better customer information (WP2); improving safety and security (WP3) and reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption (WP4). This report summarises the results of WP3.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Erdelean, I.; Rebelo, M.; Ambros, J.; Andriejauskas, T.; Bermejo, J.M.; Bodea, G.; Capitão, R.; Cardoso, J. L.; Fortes, C. J. E. M.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Ihs, A.; Neves, M. G.; Pressley, A.; Steinicke, W
Keywords: energy consumption; carbon emissions; Security; customer information; multi-modal research; transport modes; Road safety
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Road safety curriculum for Africa. Deliverable 6.1
The specific aims of WP6 was to identify training needs and to develop capacity building programs on road safety in African countries. This deliverable will formulate the major issues for developing a curriculum for road safety experts in Africa. The different tasks to reach the final goal of this deliverable, are summarized in the following figure (...) On the one hand, the available knowledge and education in Europe (but also worldwide) was gathered. On the other hand, the same was done for Africa and also the different needs and training issues were analysed. Although we could not get information from each country or every existing high level educational institutes, there was enough material to make some analysis and conclusions. Not in every African country, high level education for different professionals (engineers, economics,
Year: 2017
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Kluppels, L.; Schermers, G.
Keywords: Africa; Road safety; Capacity Building; Training
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Report on common research challenges regarding energy efficiency and carbon intensity
This report is a deliverable of USE-iT (Users, Safety, Security and Energy in Transport Infrastructure); a Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action (CSA) project managed by the Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories (FEHRL). The aim of USE-iT is to better understand the common challenges facing transport modes and in conjunction with stakeholders to produce a multi-modal research roadmap to develop technologies and approaches to addressing these challenges. In addition to a work package on management (WP1) and on dissemination activities (WP5), USE-iT is divided into three technical Work Packages addressing important challenges facing all modes: providing better customer information (WP2); improving safety and security (WP3) and reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption (WP4). This report relates to Work Package 4 (Deliverable D4.2) on reducing the carbon emissions and energy consumption associated with the transport sector. In the first WP4 report [D4.1], a significant number of technologies, materials and approaches were identified which could help reduce transport energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions. In the present report [D4.2], the common challenges facing all modes as they work to reduce transport carbon emissions are identified, and the potential areas of cross-modal research that could help to address these challenges are evaluated and prioritised.
Year: 2016
Author(s): Reeves, S.; Peeling, J.; Lamb, M.; Arsénio, E.; Bidnenko, N.; Saleh, P.; Carlson, A.; Chen, M.; Saleh, P.; Spicka, L.; Steinicke, W.; Zofka, E.
Keywords: Sustainable transport; Transport technology; Transport infrastructures; Transport decarbonisation; Vehicle fuel efficiency; Asset management; Greenhouse gas emissions; Climate change
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ICT
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Audit de sécurité routière au projet de routes du réseau routier national
Ce document est la traduction en langue française du manuel destiné à appuyer la mise en oeuvre d'audits de sécurité routière au projet d
Year: 2018
Author(s): Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: PT; La sécurité routière; Manuel; Audit; Projet routier
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Estado-da-arte sobre medidas de engenharia de segurança rodoviária em ambiente urbano e sobre modelos de estimativa da frequência de acidentes - Resultados do projecto IRUMS
O presente documento constitui o primeiro relatório referente à actividadedesenvolvida pelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e pela Faculdadede Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra (FCT/UC) no âmbito doprojecto IRUMS
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
152pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.; Carvalheira, C.; Picado Santos, L.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Previsão estatística; Modelo estatístico; Acidente rodoviário; Área urbana; Segurança rodoviária
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Método para intervenção na infra-estrutura rodoviária urbana para melhoria da segurança - Resultados do projecto IRUMS
O presente documento constitui o quinto relatório referente à actividade desenvolvidapelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) e pela Faculdade de Ciências eTecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra (FCT/UC) no âmbito do projecto IRUMS
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
51pp.
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.; Carvalheira, C.; Picado Santos, L.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Análise de dados; Modelo estatístico; Acidente rodoviário; Segurança rodoviária; Área urbana; Infra-estrutura rodoviária
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Accident prediction models for bidirectional data on portuguese motorways
The present document describes prediction models for accident, fatalities,serious injuries and killed and seriously injured victims, adjusted to bidirectionaldata of Portuguese motorway sections. The study was developed at LaboratórioNacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) in the scope of Workpackage 2 - SafetyImpact Assessment and Accident Prediction Model of the RIPCORD-ISERESTproject, carried out under the 6th European Framework Program. It covers theissues related to modeling accidents using the Negative Binomial modelregressions as well as detailed diagnostic checks of the models obtained.The data used were collected over a five year period, ranging from 1999 to2003. Several explanatory variables were measured concerning exposure,number of lanes, presence of an additional lane, lane widths, type and widths ofthe road
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
153pp.
Author(s): Lopes, S.; Cardoso, J. L.
Editor: LNEC
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Outro
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Benchmarking road safety in Latin American countries
The main objective of the project was the benchmarking of road safety performances and developments of ten Latin American countries.The comparison allowed to identify the similarities and differences between countries, not only on the number of crashes and casualties, but also on the factors, circumstances and events that influence the risk of a crash and the severity of its outcome. The analysis was performed in the following areas
Year: 2018
Author(s): Vieira Gomes, S.; Feypell, V.; Wegman, F.
Keywords: Data collection; Latin America; Benchmarking; Road safety
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Document organisationnel du système de comptage. Document descriptif des besoins
Neste relatório é proposta a estrutura organizacional para realização das contagens tendentes ao recenseamento de tráfego rodoviário na rede de estradas interubanas da Argélia, incluindo o dimensionamento do parque de equipamento de contagem a usar, sua configuração (cntagens permanentes e temporárias), bem como a avaliação dos prazos de realização, em função da dimensão das equipas encarregadas da colocação e exploração dos equipamentos nos trechos da rede rodoviária.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Rème, A.; Courbon, T.; Robin, V.; Cardoso, J. L.
Keywords: Rede rodoviária; Tráfego rodoviário
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Transport Challenge in Horizon 2020. ECTRI suggestions for the third work programme (2018-2020) in the field of "Transport economics and policy"
The European Conference of Transport Research Institutes (ECTRI) is an international non
Year: 2016
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Heddebaut, O.; Tuominen, A.
Keywords: Connected and automated transport; Socio-economic research; Low carbon transport; Behavioural research; Transport policies; Transport economics; Integrated transport; Green transport; Smart transport; Horizon 2020
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Assessment of intermodal freight transport costs
The research reported in this paper is part of the R&D project COST-TRENDs, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. It presents a strategic assessment study of the hinterland connections centred in the Port of Sines, in Portugal, that integrates the core network corridor of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) designated as the Atlantic corridor. The study comprised the analysis of trends of maritime freight costs until 2020 and the assessment of alternative intermodal freight transport options to reduce costs along the multimodal transport chains. The options evaluated focused in the Iberian section of the Atlantic corridor and included the combination of maritime-short sea shipping, maritime-rail, maritime-road and, also, rail-air modes. The study estimated several key performance indicators for each option which aim to provide useful inputs to transport policy.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
16pp.
Author(s): Prata, J.; Arsénio, E.
Keywords: Freight transport costs; Co2 emissions; Climate change externalities; Intermodal freight transport
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How to Promote Sustainable Land-Use Changes Through Developing Intermodal High-Speed Railway Stations: a case study in Portugal
The literature shows that the development of the railway system in most European countries had a key role both in the evolution of urban systems and regional dynamics. On the other hand, it can be said that railway stations might act as important drivers for promoting sustainable land-use changes, namely of node and place functions which can be consistently balanced.The future Portuguese High-Speed Railway (HSR) network is considered as a major strategic transport scheme at both the Iberian and national levels. Its first stage comprises three routes. Of these, one links the Lisbon Metropolitan Area with the Spanish border of Badajoz, being an integral part of the HSR between both Iberian capitals, whereas the other two form the Atlantic Axis, encompassing a system of cities ranging from Lisbon to Porto, an from the latter point to Braga, Vigo and Coruña, concentrating nearly 80% of the whole Portuguese population, and serving an area generating about 90% of Portugal
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
30p..
Author(s): Arsénio, E.; Tao, M.; Ferreira, F.
Editor: PTRC, UK
Keywords: Stated-choice survey; Discrete choice models; Territorial impacts; Intermodality; High-speed rail
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