Papers
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GPR laboratory tests for railways materials dielectric properties assessment
In railways Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) studies, the evaluation of materials dielectric properties is critical as they are sensitive to water content, to petrographic type of aggregates and to fouling condition of the ballast. Under the load traffic, maintenance actions and climatic effects, ballast condition change due to aggregate breakdown and to subgrade soils pumping, mainly on existing lines with no sub ballast layer. The main purpose of this study was to validate, under controlled conditions, the dielectric values of materials used in Portuguese railways, in order to improve the GPR interpretation using commercial software and consequently the management maintenance planning. Different materials were tested and a broad range of in situ conditions were simulated in laboratory, in physical models. GPR tests were performed with five antennas with frequencies between 400 and 1800 MHz. The variation of the dielectric properties was measured, and the range of values that can be obtained for different material condition was defined. Additionally, in situ GPR measurements and test pits were performed for validation of the dielectric constant of clean ballast. The results obtained are analyzed and the main conclusions are presented herein.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
9712-9728pp..
Author(s): Chiara, F.; Fontul, S.; Fortunato, E.
: Remote Sensing
Editor: MDPI
Volume:
6, 10.
DOI:
10.3390/rs6109712
Keywords: Railway materials; Fouling level; Laboratory tests; Ground Penetrating Radar
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Influence of the geometrical and physical properties of filler
The objective of this laboratory study is to investigate the relationship between the geometrical and physical properties of filler and the consistency of filler
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
8p..
Author(s): Antunes, Vítor; Freire, A. C.; Quaresma, Luis.; Micaelo, R.
: Construction and Building Materials
Editor: Construction and Building Materials
Keywords: Bituminous mastic, Filler, Hydrated lime, Portland cement, Physical testing, SEM imaging, Filler
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Numerical modelling of railway bridge approaches: influence of soil non-linearity
At railway bridge approaches the track stiffness may vary rapidly and often differen-tial settlements take place between the stiff structure and the approach section of thetrack. These differential settlements lead to uneven track pro
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
73-95pp.
Author(s): Varandas, J.; Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Hölscher, P.; Calçada, R.
: The International Journal of Railway Technology
Editor: Saxe-Coburg Publications
Volume:
3(4).
DOI:
10.4203/ijrt.3.4.4
Keywords: Transition zones; Bridge approaches; Modelling; Non-linear; Railways
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Reabilitação de uma linha férrea de mercadorias - Aspetos geotécnicos da via
Após alguns anos em que o transporte ferroviário teve um declínio acentuado, ultimamente temvindo a assistir-se, em vários países, à modernização de linhas férreas antigas, nomeadamente procedendo àreabilitação da via-férrea. Vários desses casos referem-se a vias que se pretende que venham a servir essen -cial mente o transporte de mercadorias. Durante a reabilitação das vias férreas existem vantagens técnicas,económicas e ambientais em manter, se possível, os materiais existentes, em particular a camada de balastroferroviário contaminado com solos finos, sob as novas camadas de reforço. Este trabalho apresenta resultadosde estudos realizados com o objetivo de reabilitar uma via-férrea para o transporte de mercadorias, localizadaem África. Para além da caracterização realizada in situ, construíram-se trechos experimentais para testardiversas soluções estruturais para reabilitação da plataforma ferroviária e realizaram-se modelações numéricasda via, contemplando essas soluções. Os resultados dos estudos permitiram concluir que é possível levar acabo o reforço estrutural da plataforma, de forma eficiente, em termos técnicos e económicos.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
95-112pp.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Fontul, S.; Paixão, A.; Cruz, N.; Cruz, J.; Asseiceiro, F.
: Geotecnia
Volume:
131.
Keywords: Modelação numérica; Ensaios não destrutivos; Reabilitação de vias-férreas de mercadorias
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Transition zones to railway bridges: Track measurements and numerical modelling
Railway tracks degrade faster at transition zones to railway bridges. In modern lines, back
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
435-443pp..
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Calçada, R.
: Engineering Structures
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
80.
Keywords: Train
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Under sleeper pads in transition zones at railway underpasses: numerical modelling and experimental validation
In railway lines, transition zones between different track support conditions normally evidence higher degradation rates,thus requiring additional maintenance to ensure safety and service quality. Studies based on numerical simulations indicatethat under sleeper pads (USP) can minimise those degradation rates. The study presented herein focuses on the in
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
18p.
Author(s): Ribeiro , C.; Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Calçada, R.
: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Keywords: Train
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APLICAÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DE RCD EM INFRAESTRUTURAS RODOVIÁRIAS. Construção de trecho experimental no Ecoparque do Ambigroup, com aplicação de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição nas camadas granulares
O Laboratório Nacional de EngenhariaCivil (LNEC) e o Instituto Superior Técnico(lSn têm estado a desenvolverum projeto de investigação, apoiado pelaFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FeD,a concretizar ao longo de três anos, intituladoSUPREMA - Aplicação Sustentável de Resíduosde Construção e Demolição (RCD) emInfraestruturas Rodoviárias, que pretendecontribuir para a generalização da aplicaçãosustentável de RCD em pavimentos rodoviários,através da melhoria do conhecimentorelativo ao desempenho do comportamentomecânico e ambiental destes materiais, quandocolocados como agregados em camadasnão ligadas de pavimentos.O principal resultado esperado com o desenvolvimentodeste projeto é a elaboraçãode recomendações práticas para projeto econstrução de pavimentos rodoviários com autilização de RCD, que incluirão um guia paraa aplicação de misturas betuminosas fresadascomo materiais granulares não ligados em camadasde sub-base e de leito de pavimento.Assim, no âmbito do presente projeto foiconstruído um trecho experimental no novoEcoparque do Ambigroup, presentementeem construção e destinado a atividades de reciclagemde materiais com diferentes origens(máquinas elétricas e eletrónicas, madeira,construção e demolição), localizado na zonasul da área metropolitana de Lisboa, Seixal,contemplando a aplicação de diferentes RCDnas camadas não ligadas, devidamente instrumentadase cujo comportamento se pretendeobservar ao longo do tempo.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
14-16pp.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
: Ambinews
Editor: Ambigroup
Volume:
25.
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Railway Track Transition Zones: Design, Construction, Monitoring and Numerical Modelling
Railway tracks frequently show higher degradation rates at transition zones from earthworks to bridges, or to other structures. In order to guarantee the safety and comfort of passengers, this aspect results in higher maintenance costs and disturbs railway operations. The behaviour of transition zones is rather complex and its poor performance has been mainly attributed to variations in the vertical stiffness of the track and to differential settlements. These two aspects amplify the dynamic loads of the trains and cause further track degradation. The Portuguese railway network manager has reported the poor structural behaviour of a few transition zones in some of its lines, which constrain train operations and present high maintenance costs. Thus, a research project is currently underway aiming at contributing to a better understanding of the phenomena that occur at transitions, and at optimizing their design for conventional and high-speed railway lines. In this article, we present some aspects of this research project, namely: a review on the design of backfills for transition zones; a comparison between numerical models found in the literature that were used to study the problem; some results obtained during the construction (characterization of materials and layers) and operation of the line.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
33-58.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.; Calçada, R.
: The International Journal of Railway Technology
Editor: Saxe-Coburg
Volume:
2(4).
Keywords: High-speed railway lines; Track monitoring; Field characterization; Cyclic load triaxial tests; Numerical modelling; Backfills; Transition zones
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Aplicação de agregados reciclados em estradas
N/A
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
10-11 pp..
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
: Ambinews - Revista de Informação de Ambiente
Editor: Ambinews - Revista de Informação de Ambiente
Volume:
Nº 20.
Info
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FOULED BALLAST LAYER IN THE SUBSTRUCTURE OF A 19TH CENTURY RAILWAY TRACK UNDER RENEWAL
The purpose of these field and lab studies undertaken during rehabilitation work being done on an ancient railway line was to characterize a layer of ballast fouled with soil found in the track substructure. The field studies included the characterization of the thickness, grain size distribution and void ratio of the fouled ballast layer, as well as a large number of plate load tests, both on the fouled ballast layer and on the subgrade. The resilient behaviour of the fouled ballast was evaluated in the lab by cyclic triaxial tests on large size reconstituted specimens with distinct fouling indexes (different grain size distribution) and distinct humidity states (dry or wet). The results obtained were used as support for the decision to maintain the fouled ballast layer under the new sub-ballast in a number of stretches of the renewed line.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
55-65.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.
: SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
Editor: The Japanese Geotechnical Society
Volume:
50.
Keywords: Resilient modulus; Plate load tests; Fouled ballast; Cyclic triaxial tests
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Comunicação
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Recycling of construction and demolition waste in geotechnical works
About 50% of the materials extracted from the earth
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
11p.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Lopes, M. L.; Curto, P.; Fonseca, A.
Keywords: Portuguese case studies; Geotechnical works; Recycling; Construction and demolition waste
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Recycling of construction and demolition waste in geotechnical works
About 50% of the materials extracted from the earth
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
11p.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Lopes, M. L.; Curto, P.; Fonseca, A.
Keywords: Portuguese case studies; Geotechnical works; Recycling; Construction and demolition waste
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The Falling Weight Deflectometer: Application to Railway Substructure Evaluation
N/A
Year: 2012
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fontul, S.; Fortunato, E.
Editor: Civil-Comp Press
Info
Track substructure assessment using non-destructive load tests. A Portuguese case study.
Comfort and safety are crucial aspects in a transport infrastructure project. Depending on axle loads and traffic speeds, parameters are established carefully in order to ensure a good quality in terms of geometry and bearing capacity during the entire infrastructure life cycle, preventing deterioration process. Nevertheless, maintenance actions have to be performed aiming to restore proper track condition. The quality control during the construction is an important factor that can evaluate the performance of materials. Nowadays, the materials are mainly characterised by their physical and mechanical properties, but there is an increased interest in developing performance based specifications that can provide more realistic information about the behaviour of the track during the life cycle. In order to achieve this task, non-destructive tests represent a good solution, as they are cost and time efficient.Among non-destructive loading equipment, one of the most efficient is the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). In this research, FWD tests were undertaken during the construction of a new railway line 29 km long, at the top of the substructure and in different months. Based on the performed load tests, the structural modelling of the track was established through back-calculation, and the variation of the materials moduli for different testing campaigns was evaluated.The main results obtained are presented and analysed in this paper, as well as some considerations regarding FWD testing and interpretation.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
9p.
Author(s): Chiara, F.; Pereira, D.; Fontul, S.; Fortunato, E.
Editor: Sapienza Università di Roma
Keywords: Structural evaluation; Sub-ballast; Back-calculation; Fwd; Track construction
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A case study in construction optimisation for sub-ballast layer
The performance requirements of modern railway tracks demand a proper design in order to meet safety and passenger comfort standards, taking into account the optimization of the infrastructure life cycle. The sub-ballast layer, namely the characteristics of the materials used, plays a fundamental role in the track behaviour. However the requirements established for these materials are not consensual worldwide. Very stringent requirements have been adopted in many countries, making it difficult to find adequate materials. The studies presented herein were performed during the construction of an upgraded section of the Portuguese Lisbon
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
13pp.
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Fontul, S.
Editor: Engineering Technics Press
Keywords: In-situ testing; Sub-ballast; Construction quality; Design optimisation
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Bituminous mixtures application in railway sub-ballast layer
The increasing of loads and traffic speed of the railways requires a better infrastructure, in order to enable the operation in optimal condition and less traffic interruptions due to maintenance actions. At the same time, the natural resources for the material generally used in the sub-ballast layer, namely the granite are limited, taking into account that the requirements in terms of stiffness and wearing resistance are very high.The bituminous mixtures can represent a good alternative to this traditional material. They enable the decreasing of sub-ballast thickness, better impermeability, better behaviour under the lorry traffic during construction and an improvement of the infrastructure stiffness and its continuity along the railway that results in less maintenance works.In this study two different structures are compared, one with granular material and the other one with bituminous material as sub-ballast layers. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests were performed in order to establish the structural model. The back-calculation was made using both linear elastic and finite difference method. The results obtained so far are presented in this paper, together with some proposals for future developments.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
768p-777p.
Author(s): Chiara, F.; Fontul, S.; Paixão, A.; Andrea, A.
Keywords: Structural modelling; Fwd; Sub-ballast; Bituminous mixture
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Estudo da sensibilidade à água de misturas betuminosas
Em Portugal, os valores de referência existentes para a sensibilidade à água de misturas betuminosas foram estabelecidos de acordo com a norma de ensaio militar americana MIL-STD
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.; Teixeira, A.; Ferreira, C.; Guimarães, C.; Gomes, V.; Gomes, L.
Keywords: Sensibilidade à água; Misturas betuminosas
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Non destructive tests for railway infrastructure stiffness evaluation
An important part for a proper railway maintenance policy is the evaluation of the condition of an existing railway substructure, in order to detect the deterioration causes. Recently, the use of non destructive techniques for substructure evaluation has increased due to advantages that these monitoring methods present. Several non destructive tests, loading tests and thickness measurement, were performed on a track section, part of a new railway line designed for high speed traffic. This paper presents the results achieved so far, the testing methodologies defined and the main concerns regarding the use of non destructive tests on a railway platform.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
13p.
Author(s): Fontul, S.; Fortunato, E.; Chiara, F.
Editor: Civil-Comp Press
Keywords: Loading tests; Falling weight deflectometer; Ground penetrating radar; Non destructive tests; Backcalculation; Railway platform
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Rockfill and soil-rock mixtures in road embankments - a case study
The development of transportation infrastructures has led to the need of huge earthmoving volumes, resulting in high embank-ments. In the construction of these embankments, rockfill and soil-rock mixture materials have been used. A 25 km roadway sec-tion, in the North of Portugal, with the difficult topographic conditions, has required the construction of large embankments. The involved formations are essentially granite (South area) and schist and greywacke (North area). To optimize the construction procedure and to evaluate their performance, physical and mechanical characterization of the materials was carried out and mon-itoring equipments were installed in some embankments. For that purpose, five embankments were selected, taking into account, essentially, the geometry and type of material used in their construction. Plate load tests were also performed, aiming at the eval-uation of the deformation modulus of the embankments. In order to measure displacements, vertical and horizontal inclinome-ters, extensometers and pressure cells systems were installed during construction. After construction, topographic marks on the embankment surface were installed. In this paper, the results of the mechanical characterization carried out in situ and in the la-boratory (large triaxial and oedometer tests) are presented. The installed monitoring equipments are also described. The dis-placements during the construction and deformations in service are herein presented.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
1143-1148.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Caldeira, L.
Editor: IOS Press
Keywords: Monitoring; Large triaxial tes; Large oedometer test; High embankments; Soil-rock mixtures; Rockfill
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Sustainable application of construction and demolition
The use of Construction and Demolition Recycled Materials (C&DRM) in road pavementsis envisaged as a solution with environmental and economic benefits. Their application asunbound granular materials in pavement layers (base, sub-base and capping layers) alsohas the advantage to allow the incorporation of large quantities of those materials, fromdifferent origins.The generalised application of C&DRM in road construction is however still limited bysome knowledge gaps, deriving from the lack of information concerning the mechanicaland environmental performance of these materials and from the limited experience withtheir practical application in road construction.A research project, SUPREMA, aiming to contribute to the sustainable implementation ofC&DRM in road pavements, by improving the knowledge concerning the mechanical andenvironmental behaviour of these materials when placed as aggregates in unboundpavement layers, is being developed by the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering(LNEC), in cooperation with Technical University of Lisbon (IST), over three years.This paper discusses the detailed objectives and methodology of the research projectand presents some of its early results, in particular the ones concerning the C&DRMpotential pollution.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
6 p.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
Keywords: Road infrastructures; Demolition and recycled materials; Sustainability
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Books
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Application of a gap-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of two national road stretches (EN104 and EN105) located in the north of Portugal - Field and laboratory
This case study refers to the first significant experience with asphalt rubber, manufactured by the wetprocess, applied on a full scale rehabilitation project in Portugal. It concerns the application of a gapgradedasphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of National road stretchesEN 104 between Azurara and Trofa and EN 105 between Travagem and Santo Tirso. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à primeira experiência relevante, em Portugal, na qual seutilizaram misturas com betume modificado com borracha reciclada de pneus na reabilitação deestradas nacionais. Diz respeito, em particular, à aplicação de misturas betuminosas rugosas combetume modificado com borracha em camadas de desgaste, no âmbito da reabilitação do pavimento deum troço da estrada nacional EN 104, entre Azurara e Trofa, e da estrada nacional EN 105, entreTravagem e Santo Tirso.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
23pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.; Santos, C.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 122
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphalt; In situ test; Asphaltic road pavement
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Application of an open-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of a stretch of the National Road EN 14 located in the North of Portugal - Field and laboratory case s
This case study refers to a successful application of an asphalt rubber wearing course in the frame ofthe rehabilitation of the pavement of the National Road EN 14 between
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 123
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; In situ test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Asphalt
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Application of hot mix asphalt with 20% - 25% reclaimed asphalt in the rehabilitation of the pavement of the motorway A1 between Pombal and Condeixa (Portugal) - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to plant hot mix recycling works in the frame of the rehabilitation of a stretch ofthe motorway A1, located in the centre of Portugal.It concerns the use of 20% - 25% of Reclaimed Asphalt in the production of two different asphaltconcrete mixtures for application in binder courses. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se ao fabrico e aplicação de misturas betuminosas recicladas a quenteem central, num troço da auto-estrada A1 localizado no centro do País. Neste caso, foram utilizadas nofabrico de duas misturas diferentes, uma Mistura Betuminosa Densa e um Betão BetuminosoSubjacente à Camada Drenante, respectivamente, cerca de 20 % e 25 % de misturas betuminosasrecuperadas.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 119
Keywords: In situ test; Laboratory test; Asphaltic cement road pavement; Recycled materials; Motorway; Road pavement rehabilitation; Hot mix asphalt
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Application of hot mix asphalt with 35% - 40% reclaimed asphalt in the rehabilitation of the pavement of the National road EN 105 between Travagem and Santo Tirso (Portugal) - Field and laboratory cas
This case study refers to the first known application of RAP in the production of hot mix asphaltconcrete in Portugal. It concerns the application of a plant hot mix recycled asphalt concrete as abinder course in a national road stretch located in the North of Portugal. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à primeira obra realizada em Portugal, na qual se procedeu àreutilização de materiais betuminosos fresados na reabilitação de um pavimento flexível de um trechode uma estrada nacional (EN105), situada no Norte do País. Os materiais fresados foram reciclados emcentral mediante a incorporação de novos materiais, e posteriormente utilizados em camadas deregularização.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 118
Keywords: In situ test; Laboratory test; Asphaltic cement road pavement; Recycled materials; National road; Road pavement rehabilitation; Hot mix asphalt
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Cold insitu recycling of the pavement of EN 260 between Serpa and Vila Verde de Ficalho (Portugal) - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to an application of cold in situ recycling of an old asphalt pavement usingbitumen emulsion.The rehabilitation works were performed in 2 phases: The first phase consisted in recycling theexisting asphalt and granular layers up to 120 mm deep and application of a slurry surfacing. Thesecond phase consisted in placing an asphalt cold mix binder course and a new slurry surfacing. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à aplicação de misturas betuminosas recicladas a frio
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Batista, F. A.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 120
Keywords: Pt; National road; Laboratory test; In situ test; Asphalt binder; Cold mix asphalt; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Bitumen emulsion
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Rehabilitation of the IP2 pavement between Barragem do Fratel and EN 118 (Portugal) using cold insitu recycling of existing asphalt layers - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to a successful application of cold in situ recycling of asphalt layers from aheavily cracked pavement using bitumen emulsion.A new hot mix asphalt binder course and a new wearing course were placed on the recycled layer. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se a uma aplicação bem sucedida de reciclagem a frio
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Batista, F.A.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 121
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; In situ test; Asphalt binder; Cracked road pavement; Cold mix asphalt; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Bitumen emulsion
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Capítulo de Livro
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Case Study of an Inert Steel Aggregate in Road Construction: Characterization and Monitoring of the Structural Behaviour
The use of alternative materials, in particular industrial by-products and waste materials, in the construction oftransport infrastructures and geotechnical works, has been promoted across the world. Nonetheless, considering that, in most situations, the application of some of these materials is fairly recent, little information is available on the long-term performance of the infrastructures in which they were used. This work mentions some characteristics of the Inert Steel Aggregate for Construction (ISAC). It presents some results related to the evolution in the surface characteristics and the structural behaviour of a field trial built on a road section in Portugal. ISAC was used in the embankments and pavement layers. The visual inspection, the results of the mechanical tests performed, and the values of the settlements measured on the surface markings about ten years after the section is open to traffic led to conclude that the pavement in the zone where ISAC was used as a construction material is, in general, in a better condition and presents better structural performance than the adjacent areas built with natural materials. The embankment's maximum settlements in the areas with ISAC were similar to the ones observed in the adjacent areas.
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
5p.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Roque, A. J.; Gomes Correia, A.
: Advances in Geoengineering, Geotechnologies, and Geoenvironment for Earth Systems and Sustainable Georesources Management
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Long-term performance; Structural behaviour; Mechanical properties; Inert Steel Aggregate for Construction (ISAC)
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Testing and monitoring in railway tracks
Railway tracks may be perceived as simple physical structures, but in fact they entail a significant level of complexity as refers to the assessment and prediction of their transient and long-term behaviors. These mostly result from the intrinsic characteristics of their components and of the dynamic interaction with the suc-cessive passing trains at different speeds and with different loading characteris-tics. The railway industry
Year: 2022
Number Pages:
229-255.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.
: Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Monitoring; Testing, Instrumentation; Railway Tracks
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Modelação numérica avançada do comportamento estrutural de vias-férreas
A via férrea balastrada é uma estrutura relativamente simples, mas exibe um comportamento complexo, nomeadamente devido às distintas solicitações dinâmicas a que está sujeita, e à forma como se comportam e interagem os seus diversos elementos. O método dos elementos finitos é particularmente adequado à análise do funcionamento destas estruturas, possibilitando a modelação das ações e a utilização de modelos constitutivos avançados para os diversos materiais que constituem o sistema, permitindo considerar a variação das características físicas e geométricas no espaço. Neste capítulo descreve-se e demonstra-se a aplicação de uma ferramenta de modelação numérica tridimensional, concebida especificamente para o cálculo da resposta dinâmica da via-férrea, cujo desenvolvimento, ao longo dos últimos anos, tem tido a contribuição dos autores. Para além da apresentação e validação da ferramenta de modelação, são apresentados estudos relativos à análise do comportamento da via em situações particulares.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
1-32.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.; Varandas, J.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Editor: LNEC
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Técnicas de machine learning em sistemas de gestão de pavimentos
A utilização de machine learning tem despertado a curiosidade e o interesse do meio académico e empresarial. Com efeito, a aplicação de machine learning, baseada em técnicas capazes de aprender com os dados, tem sido efetuada com sucesso em diversos contextos. Este sucesso é particularmente evidente nas áreas que utilizam grandes volumes de dados e que procuram obter informação que permita alimentar modelos de previsão.Na área dos Transportes, para além da resolução de questões relacionadas com a mobilidade, é expectável que a aplicação de técnicas de machine learning venha a ser cada vez mais frequente em questões relacionadas com a gestão de infraestruturas, em particular no estabelecimento de modelos de previsão do comportamento.Neste capítulo procura-se evidenciar o potencial da aplicação de machine learning em sistemas de gestão de pavimentos, através da descrição de alguns dos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos autores neste domínio, essencialmente relacionados com a aplicação de machine learning no desenvolvimento de modelos de previsão do desempenho dos pavimentos, uma das temáticas essenciais dos sistemas de gestão de pavimentos.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
47-70.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Antunes, M. L.; Marcelino, P.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Editor: LNEC
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Análise comparada de um agregado de escória de aciaria como material alternativo para lastro de vias férreas do tipo heavy haul por meio de ensaios triaxiais
Este artigo apresenta uma etapa de uma pesquisa mais abrangente que está em andamento na Universidade do Porto, no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa Construct-Geo, que visa avaliar os aspectos geomecânicos de materiais alternativos para uso como camada de lastro em vias férreas do tipo heavy haul. São apresentados resultados de ensaios triaxiais monotônicos e cíclicos conduzidos em corpos de prova de 150 mm de diâmetro por 300 mm de altura, em escala reduzida numa proporção de 1:2,5 em relação à granulometriade lastro padrão AREMA N. 24. Analisou-se um agregado de escória de aciaria, quimicamente e ambientalmente, inerte comparativamente a um agregado de granito, relativamente à resistência e à deformabilidade. Os ensaios cíclicos foram conduzidos em dois escalões de carga de 500.000 ciclos, sendo cada escalão compatível com o carregamento imposto por vias do tipo heavy haul com, respectivamente,32,5 toneladas/eixo e 40 toneladas/eixo. Os resultados mostraram que o lastro de escória de aciaria apresentou parâmetros de resistência superiores comparativamente ao lastro de granito e um melhor comportamento quanto à deformabilidade, expresso por maiores valores de módulo de resiliência, menoresíndices de quebra e degradação de partículas e uma maior tendência de estabilização das deformações plásticas, fenômeno conhecido como shakedown e que também foi investigado.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
55-70pp..
Author(s): Delgado, B.; Fonseca, A.; Fortunato, E.; Coelho, D.
: As Engenharias frente a Sociedade, a Economia e o Meio Ambiente 3
Editor: Atena
Volume:
3.
Keywords: Ensaios Triaxiais; Escória de Aciaria; Lastro Ferroviário
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Current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal
The reuse of recycled materials in geotechnical works has awakened a growing interest in the last few years in Portugal. A committee (GT-VROG) within the Portuguese Geotechnical Society (SPG) was created recently for analysing the current state of this kind of use and for promoting it nationwide. As part of the activities of the group, a national survey within producers of waste materials and potential users in geotechnical works was carried out, and a national seminar was organised within the framework of the activities of the TC-3 of the ISSMGE, in order to discuss the present situation in the country and the best ways to develop the reuse of this kind of materials in geotechnical applications. The seminar had the participation of representatives of the different entities interested on the subject (producers, users, administration and research centres), as well as of invited foreign specialists from other European countries. Taking advantage of the results of these activities, the current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal is briefly presented and analysed next.
Year: 2007
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Santayana, F.
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Keywords: Geotechnical works; Recycled materials
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Tese de Doutoramento
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A New Approach for the Maintenance Management of Transportation Infrastructures using Machine Learning
Transportation infrastructures are vital to our society. These infrastructures naturally tend to deteriorate over time. A set of activities is then required to manage existing assets in accordance with sound management principles. These activities are usually integrated into systems that manage infrastructures according to technical, social and economic aspects. This research aims to examine the potential of applying machine learning techniques to current transportation infrastructure management systems. Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence enabling systems to automatically learn and improve from experience (data), arriving at solutions not explicitly programmed. Powered by algorithms that can learn from data, machine learning leads to efficient and effective systems that improve over time. Over the last few years, the application of machine learning has transformed several industries and could do so for transportation infrastructure as well.To achieve the research objectives, a set of studies was performed. Each of these studies had a specific objective, the set of which can be expressed as follows: to define combined performance indicators for pavement condition assessment using machine learning; to develop machine learning models for pavement performance prediction; to formulate machine learning solutions to overcome pavement data issues, such as missing data; to integrate machine learning techniques into decision support systems for pavement maintenance management. Together these studies explored the development of machine learning applications for solving some standard pavement management problems, providing insights into the application of machine learning to transportation infrastructure management systems. The studies successfully demonstrated the potential of machine learning applications for pavement management systems. It showed that machine learning is applicable to various transportation asset management problems, such as condition assessment, performance prediction, and decision support, and that it is able to outperform some of the analytical techniques currently used. Overall, this research work finds that machine learning is a promising tool for transportation infrastructure management systems.
Year: 2020
Author(s): Marcelino, P.
Keywords: Pavement Management Systems.; Decision Support Systems; Prediction Models;; Machine Learning; Transportation Infrastructure Asset Management
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Transition zones in railway tracks: An experimental and numerical study on the structural behaviour
The railway track continually degrades over its life cycle. This has negative consequences for maintenance and availability of the lines and is particularly evident at locations with abrupt changes in the track
Year: 2014
Author(s): Paixão, A.
Keywords: Dynamic train-track interaction; Numerical modelling; Instrumentation and monitoring; Cyclic load triaxial tests; In situ characterisation; Degradation of the track geometric quality; Backfill design and construction; Under sleeper pads; Transition zones; Railway track
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Renovação de plataformas ferroviárias. Estudos relativos à capacidade de carga
Esta dissertação pretende ser um contributo para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de abordagem do problema da renovação de plataformas ferroviárias em serviço, em particular no que se refere à avaliação da capacidade de carga e técnicas de reforço. A referida metodologia foi desenvolvida com o objectivo de apoiar os projectos de renovação das vias férreas.Os principais aspectos abordados são os mecanismos que contribuem para a degradação das vias férreas, a caracterização
Year: 2005
Author(s): Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Ensaios in situ; Modelação física; Modelação numérica; Ensaios laboratoriais; Renovação de caminho de ferro; Capacidade de carga; Deformabilidade da via férrea; Fundação da via férrea; Balastro; Linha férrea
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Deformações permanentes de misturas betuminosas em pavimentos rodoviários
Nas últimas décadas tem vindo a verificar-se, em Portugal bem como no resto do mundo, umacentuado crescimento do volume de tráfego rodoviário e das cargas transportadas pelos veículospesados. Tem-se observado, igualmente, um aumento das exigências funcionais, relacionadas com asegurança e conforto do utente das infra-estruturas, a par das preocupações de carácter ambiental, oque conduz à necessidade de pavimentos rodoviários cada vez mais resistentes e duráveis.Consequentemente, tem-se vindo a recorrer a soluções de pavimentação que envolvem maioresespessuras de camadas betuminosas o que implica uma maior parcela de contribuição docomportamento deste tipo de materiais no desempenho das estruturas de pavimentos. Daqui decorre,entre outros aspectos, uma crescente preocupação com a deformação permanente deste tipo demateriais. Esta situação é também sentida em diversos países, nomeadamente nos países europeus,no Canadá e nos Estados Unidos da América.O presente trabalho tem como objectivo contribuir para um melhor conhecimento do comportamentoà deformação permanente de misturas betuminosas aplicadas em camadas de desgaste depavimentos rodoviários, possibilitando o estabelecimento de metodologias e de critérios de avaliação,que conduzam à selecção de materiais adequados às exigências actuais. Como principais aspectosabordados referem-se a caracterização do comportamento viscoelástico destes materiais, através daexecução e interpretação de ensaios laboratoriais com aplicação de cargas repetidas, que simulemas condições observadas in situ, e a modelação do comportamento à deformação permanente dasmisturas.É analisado o fenómeno da deformação permanente, bem como a sua forma de manifestação naestrutura do pavimento
Year: 2002
Author(s): Freire, A. C.
Keywords: Modelação do comportamento estrutrual; Ensaios de simulação em pista de laboratório; Ensaios decompressão uniaxial estático; Ensaio de compressão uniaxial de cargas repetidas; Modelos reológicos; Comportamento viscoelástico; Deformação permanente; Caracterização laboratorial; Misturas betuminosas
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Relatório Científico
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Contributos para o conhecimento das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de materiais de balastro e da sua relevância para o desempenho da via-férrea
No âmbito Programa de Investigação e Inovação do LNEC 2013-2020 (P2I) e inserido no Programa de ID&I do Departamento de Transportes (DT), o Núcleo de Infraestruturas de Transportes tem vindo a desenvolver um projeto de ID&I designado por
Year: 2021
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.
Keywords: Deformação permanente; Via-férrea; Modelação numérica; Modelação física; Morfologia; Resistência Mecânica; Balastro
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CEDR Contractor Report 2016-1. Call 2012: Road owners adapting to Climate Change ROADAPT and CliPDaR projects
Executive SummaryInfrastructure is the backbone of our society. Citizens, companies and governments have come to rely on and expect uninterrupted availability of the road network. Climate change is an important topic within the context of designing, maintaining and operating traffic networks. Most transport infrastructure is intended to be available (in service) to the public for several decades. The life cycles of assets in transport are long enough to take the full strain that comes with climate change; however, climate impact is experienced on a small scale. Crops are destroyed by floods, timber is felled by heavy storms and infrastructure is devastated by various kinds of extreme events. The adaptation of road networks to a changing climate is one of the important issues that road authorities have begun to address and that needs to be further continued in the near future.The main objective of the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR) Call 2012
Year: 2016
Author(s): Fortunato, E.
Keywords: CEDR; CliPDaR; ROADAPT; Climate Change
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Establishment of a Road Research Centre in Mozambique_Monthly Progress Report for Phase 2A
The Mozambican Roads Administration (ANE) has embarked on a project to establish a Road Research Centre (RRC) in Mozambique aiming to provide the basis for improving the long-term capacity to undertake relevant, high quality research relating to the road sector of Mozambique. This project forms part of the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP), which is a research programme supported by the Department of International Development (DFID) of the Government of the United Kingdom and managed by Crown Agents Ltd on behalf of DFID. CSIR, in association with LNEC has been commissioned by Crown Agents to provide Technical Assistance for phase 2 A of the project, which aims to address institutional issues relating to the RRC, draft a strategic research plan and develop a 5-year business plan for the RRC. This monthly progress report dated January 2014 summarises progress made with the identification of the road research needs of Mozambique; the production of recommendations on the institutional structure of the RRC; the establishment of the Road Research Technical Committee (RRTC) and the Road Research Steering Committee (RRSC); and the drafting of the business and strategic research plans for the RRC. The activities planned for February 2014 are also presented.
Year: 2014
Author(s): Verhaeghe, B.; Paige-Green, P.; Antunes, M. L.; Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Road Research; Mozambique; AFCAP
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Ensaios para caracterização laboratorial de misturas betuminosas para pavimentos Rodoviários e Aeroportuários - Relatório do curso realizado em São Tomé e Príncipe de 22 a 25 de outubro de 2012
N/A
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
23pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Nunes, N.
Editor: LNEC
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Establishment of a Road Research Centre in Mozambique. Recommendations on Institutional Structures for the Road Research Centre
The Mozambican Roads Administration (ANE) has embarked on a project to establish a Road ResearchCentre (RRC) in Mozambique aiming to provide the basis for improving the long-term capacity toundertake relevant, high quality research relating to the road sector of Mozambique. This project formspart of the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP), which is a research programme supported bythe Department of International Development (DFID) of the Government of the United Kingdom andmanaged by Crown Agents Ltd on behalf of DFID. CSIR, in association with LNEC has been commissionedby Crown Agents to provide Technical Assistance for phase 2 A of the project, which aims to addressinstitutional issues relating to the RRC, draft a strategic research plan and develop a 5-year businessplan for the RRC. In this report, appropriate institutional structures for undertaking research arepresented. It addresses the following: (i) the Terms of Reference for a functioning Road ResearchSteering Committee (RRSC) and Road Research Technical Committee (RRTC), as well as an overview ofthe outcomes of the inaugural meetings of both of these committees; (ii) the institutional location ofthe RRC within the structures of ANE; (iii) the physical location of the RRC in Mozambique; (iv)laboratory support for a functioning RRC; and (v) Staffing of the RRC. All items, with the exception of thelast item (
Year: 2013
Author(s): Verhaeghe, B.; Paige-Green, P.; Antunes, M. L.; Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Mozambique; Road Research Centre
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Inspeção, manutenção e reabilitação de pavimentos - Relatório do curso realizado em São Tomé de 21 a 24 de outubro de 2013
No âmbito do Convénio de Cooperação entre o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil(LNEC) e o Programa de Capacitação dos Laboratórios de Engenharia dos PALOP eAdministração Pública de Timor-Leste 2013, realizou-se no Laboratório de Engenharia Civilde São Tomé e Príncipe (LECSTP) um curso subordinado ao tema
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
32pp.
Author(s): Fontul, S.; Nunes, N.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Reabilitação; Manutenção; Inspeção visual; Misturas betuminosas; Avaliação de pavimentos
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SUPREMA
N/A
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
87pp.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
Editor: LNEC
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SUPREMA
N/A
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
70pp.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
Editor: LNEC
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Camadas de desgaste para a redução do ruído de tráfego - Avaliação do ruído em pavimentos em serviço
N/A
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
39pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Coutinho, A. S.; Freitas, E.; Paulo, J.
Editor: LNEC
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Suprema
N/A
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
40pp.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
Editor: LNEC
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ICT
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NOVAS SOLUÇÕES DE SUPERSTRUTURA DE VIA PARA A ALTA VELOCIDADE FERROVIÁRIA - Comparação com a via balastrada tradicional
As crescentes exigências impostas ao transporte ferroviário e a necessidade de o tornar num sistemade transporte mais competitivo, têm levado ao desenvolvimento de novas soluções de via-férrea.Estas novas soluções constituem inovações tecnológicas de via-férrea que diferem da via balastradatradicional na utilização de diferentes materiais e métodos construtivos. Apostam fortemente naredução da necessidade de conservação e renovação da via, o que se traduz na diminuição doscustos associados à sua operação, assim como no aumento da disponibilidade da linha.Assim, estas soluções apresentam uma melhor resposta a velocidades de circulação cada vez maiselevadas e a maiores volumes de tráfego, que tendem a conduzir a maior deterioração da via e aconsequentes maiores custos de conservação e renovação. Em comparação com a via tradicional,estas soluções podem ser mais vantajosas, no que se refere à segurança, a aspectos ambientais, àgestão da operação e a custos globais, quando se considera o ciclo de vida da infra-estrutura.Embora estas tecnologias tenham vindo a ser testadas e aplicadas em alguns países, desde há váriasdécadas, em particular no Japão, só mais recentemente diversos países demonstraram especialinteresse pela sua aplicação. Face a estas vantagens, tem-se verificado actualmente uma crescentetendência para a adopção destas novas soluções, sobretudo para as linhas de alta velocidade,particularmente na Europa e Ásia Oriental.Dentro deste contexto, e tendo em conta a previsível integração de Portugal na Rede Europeia de AltaVelocidade, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo com o objectivo de apresentar diversas soluções devia-férrea que estão disponíveis e compará-las com a solução tradicional de via balastrada.O estudo incide na descrição de concepções de via-férrea não tradicionais, como a via sem balastro ea via de apoio misto, fazendo-se especial referência às principais vantagens e desvantagens da viasem balastro, face à solução tradicional de via balastrada, e à experiência da sua aplicação.Apresenta-se ainda uma síntese da situação actual da aplicação destas novas soluções em paísesque apostaram fortemente nas redes de alta velocidade.Do estudo desenvolvido conclui-se que, para novas linhas de alta velocidade, estas soluções podemser bastante atractivas, como alternativa à via balastrada tradicional.Os autores agradecem a todas as entidades e pessoas a título individual a autorização expressa paraa publicação das ilustrações apresentadas neste estudo, encontrando-se estas devidamentereferenciadas.
Year: 2009
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Comboios de alta velocidade; Novas tecnologias; Infra-estrutura ferroviária; Via férrea
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Current state of the re-use of waste materials in geotechnical works in Portugal
The reuse of recycled materials in geotechnical works has awakened a growing interest in the last few years in Portugal. A committee (GT-VROG) within the Portuguese Geotechnical Society (SPG) was created recently for analysing the current state of this kind of use and for promoting it nationwide. As part of the activities of the group, a national survey within producers of waste materials and potential users in geotechnical works was carried out, and a national seminar was organised within the framework of the activities of the TC-3 of theISSMGE, in order to discuss the present situation in the country and the best ways to develop the reuse of this kind of materials in geotechnical applications. The seminar had the participation of representatives of the different entities interested on the subject (producers, users, administration and research centres), as well as of invited foreign specialists from other European countries. Taking advantage of the results of these activities, the current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal is presented and analysed next.
Year: 2006
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Santayana, F.; Roque, A. J.
Keywords: Recycled waste materials; Reuse of materials; Geotechnical works
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Outro
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Guia para a reciclagem de misturas betuminosas a quente em central
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
4pp.
Author(s): DT / NIRA; DG / NGEA; DM / NB
Keywords: Reciclagem de material; Mistura betuminosa a quente
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Guia para a utilização de agregados reciclados em camadas não ligadas de pavimentos
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
4pp.
Author(s): DT / NIRA; DG / NGEA; DM / NB
Keywords: Reciclagem de material; Pavimento rodoviário; Camada do pavimento; Agregado para estrada
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Guia para a utilização de agregados reciclados grossos em betões de ligantes hidráulicos
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
8pp.
Author(s): DT / NIRA; DG / NGEA; DM / NB
Keywords: Reciclagem de material; Agregado grosso; Agregado para betão
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Guia para a utilização de materiais reciclados provenientes de resíduos de construção e demolição em aterro e camada de leito de infra-estruturas de transporte
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
4pp.
Author(s): DT / NIRA; DG / NGEA; DM / NB
Keywords: Aterro; Infra-estrutura de transporte; Reutilização de material de construção; Demolição de obra; Reciclagem de material; Agregado de detrito de obra
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MBR-BMB® MISTURAS BETUMINOSAS PARA PAVIMENTOS RODOVIÁRIOS E AEROPORTUÁRIOS
N/A
Year: 2008
Number Pages:
12pp.
Author(s): D. TRANSPORTES
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