Papers
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Evaluating Different Track Sub-Ballast Solutions Considering Traffic Loads and Sustainability
The railway industry is seeking high-performance and sustainable solutions for sub-ballast materials, particularly in light of increasing cargo transport demands and climate events. The meticulous design and construction of track bed geomaterials play a crucial role in ensuring an extended track service life. The global push for sustainability has prompted the evaluation of recycling ballast waste within the railway sector, aiming to mitigate environmental contamination, reduce the consumption of natural resources, and lower costs. This study explores materials for application and compaction using a formation rehabilitation machine equipped with an integrated ballast recycling system designed for heavy haul railways. Two recycled ballast-stabilised soil materials underwent investigation, meeting the necessary grain size distribution for the proper compaction and structural conditions. One utilised a low-bearing-capacity silty sand soil stabilised with recycled ballast fouled waste (RFBW) with iron ore at a 3:7 weight ratio, while the second was stabilised with 3% cement. Laboratory tests were conducted to assess their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, and a non-linear elastic finite element numerical model was developed to evaluate the potential of these alternative solutions for railway sub-ballast. The findings indicate the significant potential of using soils stabilised with recycled fouled ballast as sub-ballast for heavy haul tracks, underscoring the advantages of adopting sustainable sub-ballast solutions through the reuse of crushed deteriorated ballast material.
Year: 2024
Number Pages:
18p..
Author(s): Castro, G.; Moura, E.; Motta, R.; Bernucci, L.; Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Oliveira, L.; Quispe, J.
: Infrastructures
Editor: MDPI
Volume:
9(3), 54.
Keywords: numerical modelling; ballast waste; recycled ballast
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Experimental investigation to analyze the effect of cementation on the geomechanical behavior of steel slag mixtures
The sustainable use of resources requires new strategies to transform industrial byproductsinto raw materials for other applications. This approach, inspired by circular economy funda-mentals, can be successfully applied in transportation infrastructures where a significantamount of natural raw materials is generally required. Slags from the steelmaking processin electric arc furnaces are generally of two types: oxidizing (black colored) and reducing(lighter colored). In Portugal, the oxidizing steel slag or electric arc furnace (EAF) with con-trolled production has been certified as
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
17p..
Author(s): Mica, N.; Rios, S.; Fonseca, A.; Fortunato, E.
: Geotechnical Testing Journal
Editor: ASTM
Volume:
Vol. 47, No. 1.
Keywords: seismic wave velocities; mechanical behavior; cementation; swelling; steel slags
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Mechanical behaviour of steel slag-rubber mixtures: Laboratory assessment.
Slags and rubber from end-of-life tires represent a liability to the steel and tire industry, causing economic and environmental problems that are difficult to manage. Transport infrastructures can use these industrial by-products instead of extracting natural raw materials, but the adequate mechanical performance of the materials needs to be assured. This paper addresses the mechanical behaviour of slag
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
20p.
Author(s): Alves, R.; Rios, S.; Fortunato, E.; Fonseca, A.; Delgado, B.
: Sustainability
Editor: MDPI
Volume:
2023, 15, 1563.
DOI:
10.3390/su15021563
Keywords: Physical model; Industrial by-products; Resilient modulus; Triaxial tests; CBR
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The use of steel slags in transport infrastructures: a critical review
The increasing demand for the development and expansion of transport infrastructuresrequires alternative solutions that are economically and environmentally viable to providethe necessary raw materials. Transport infrastructures consume a large amount of naturalaggregates; however, from a circular economy perspective, industrial by-products can effec-tively replace these materials. This avoids the environmental impacts associated with the ex-traction of natural raw materials and simultaneously provides a destination for the industrialby-products. For this purpose, it is important to evaluate if existing standards and technicalrequirements that were developed for natural aggregates are suitable for industrial by-prod-ucts. This review study is focused on slags from steelmaking process in electric arc furnaces,which are generally of two types: oxidizing (black colored) and reducing (lighter colored), spe-cifically addressing the requirements of these materials for the granular layers of transportinfrastructures. The chemical composition of the slags is analyzed as well as its physicaland mechanical characteristics, swelling behavior, and leachate content, discussing testing pro-cedures and technical specifications.
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
19p..
Author(s): Mica, N.; Rios, S.; Fonseca, A.; Fortunato, E.
: Geotechnical Testing Journal
Editor: ASTM
Volume:
Vol. 47, No. 1.
Keywords: nonlinear strength envelope; resilient modulus; chemical composition; swelling potential
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Close-range photogrammetry for 3D rock joint roughness evaluation
Photogrammetry-based methods using everyday photographic equipment and easily available software have gained relevance for roughness measurement of rock joints, as an alternative to traditional approaches. However, the influence of some aspects, such as the number and orientation of camera poses, the parameters of the Structure-from-Motion, Multi-View Stereo and meshing algorithms, the resolution and accuracy of the reconstructed models, requires proper appraisal. To assess the surface roughness of a granite rock joint specimen using such photogrammetry methods, 3D models generated using different settings (i.e. camera sensors, camera poses, open/free software and workflows) were compared with a reference model obtained by contact digitalization. The results suggest that comparable results can be achieved if the photos adequately cover the specimen and, at least, equivalent vertex densities are attained. Percentiles p5 and p95 of surface deviations of the tested models to the reference mesh were, in general, lower than ±0.1 mm. Estimated roughness parameters showed reduced variability, with a minor impact on the shear strength evaluated according to the Grasselli
Year: 2022
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Muralha, J.; Resende, R.; Fortunato, E.
: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Multi-view stereo; Structure-from-motion; Photogrammetry; Roughness; Rock joints
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Evaluating environmental effects on the structural behavior of the railroad track subgrade considering different sub-ballast design solutions
The subgrade of a freight railroad track must have sufficient bearing capacity to prevent excessive plastic strains and geometry-related problems to ensure its good performance. The track sub-ballast layer is used to distribute the loads from the ballast to the subgrade, as well as to mitigate climate-based subgrade problems. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Brazilian southeastern tropical climate on subgrade hydraulic and structural behavior, as well as its effect on the railroad track substructure. This is achieved by considering both granular and bituminous sub-ballast solutions. Accordingly, suction sensors were installed at the subgrade for the realtime monitoring and calibration of both track sections. The subgrade water retention was characterized by considering the effect of hydraulic hysteresis. Two independent finite element method (FEM) numerical models were developed. Water flow analyses were performed using a 2-D model to obtain the suction variation in the track substructure profile using climate-track interaction simulations. A 3-D model was used to evaluate the railroad track structural behavior in terms of wheel load
Year: 2022
Number Pages:
100761.
Author(s): Castro, G.; Pires, J.; Motta, R.; Bernucci, L.; Fortunato, E.; Futai, M.
: Transportation Geotechnics
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
34.
Keywords: Suction; Unsaturated soil; Finite Element Method; Climatic action; Moisture content; Railroad Sub-ballast
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Railway track support condition assessment-Initial developments on a vehicle-based monitoring solution through modal analysis
Nowadays, there are multiple initiatives showing a renewed interest on railway transport of goods and passengers around the world. Thus, an efficient management of railway infrastructures, both at the operational level and in terms of economic profitability, is not only desirable but also corresponds to an area of ongoing research. In order to contribute to these efforts, an alternative and novel methodology to evaluate railway track support conditions is presented here, based on modal analysis of the characteristic frequencies of the multi-element system composed by a railway infrastructure and an instrumented vehicle moving over it. This methodology belongs to the group of vibration-based structural damage identification methods, and is focused on observing the characteristic frequencies of this multi-element system, which can be correlated with changes in the physical properties of the railway infrastructure under analysis. An important feature of the proposed methodology is that it should enable the collection of information regarding the conditions of the substructure of a railway infrastructure. By performing this assessment of a railway infrastructure over its length, and over time by comparing different rides over the same railway stretch, important information can be gathered regarding the support conditions of the track. This paper presents a complete description on the current stage of development of the proposed methodology, along with the theoretical model that serves as the basis to interpret the collected data. Preliminary verification of this methodology is performed through the analysis of two case studies regarding the passage of an instrumented vehicle over two underpasses. The results obtained so far show that the proposed methodology can provide relevant information regarding the support conditions of railway tracks.
Year: 2022
Author(s): Morais, J.; Morais, P.; Santos, C.; Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.
: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit
Editor: Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Keywords: Signal processing; Vehicle-based inspection; Vibration-based structural damage identification methods; Modal analysis; Track support conditions; Track monitoring
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Special Issue
The purpose of this Special Issue was to collect and publish technical and researchpapers, including review papers, focusing on the recycling of road pavement materials topromote pavement sustainability performance. Ten papers were published in total covering the use of construction and demolition waste (reclaimed asphalt pavement, recycledconcrete aggregate and glass) and industrial waste (plastic and slag). The application ofrecycled materials concerns bituminous mixtures, concrete mixtures, and non-traditionalinterlocking blocks or cobbles. The most relevant contributions of each paper are briefly described in the following sections. The papers involved thirty-four authors from eleven countries of Europe (Belgium, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Portugal), Africa (Nigeria),Asia (Malaysia and Saudi Arabia), Australia, and South America (Brazil and Colombia).
Year: 2022
Author(s): Neves, J.; Freire, A. C.
Editor: MDPI
Volume:
Recycling 2022, 7, 12.
Keywords: Editiorial
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Uma abordagem de modelação numérica tridimensional do comportamento de longo prazo de vias-férreas considerando a interação dinâmica veículo-via
A complexidade do sistema via-férrea, em termos da variabilidade do comportamento estrutural e material ao longo de seu ciclo de vida, tem-se constituído um obstáculo para o estabelecimento de métodos robustos de previsão do seu comportamento de longo-prazo. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma implementação computacional que incorpora algumas funcionalidades para uma reprodução mais realista desse comportamento, face a outras existentes. Para demonstrar as potencialidades desta ferramenta, são analisados cenários de plena via, tendo-se introduzido, em alguns deles, uma travessa sem apoio na camada de balastro (
Year: 2022
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Varandas, J.; Fortunato, E.
: Geotecnia
Editor: Sociedade Portuguesa de Geotecnia
Volume:
155.
Keywords: modelação numérica; comportamento resiliente não-linear; deformação permanente; via-férrea
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A geotecnia nos pavimentos e vias-férreas e prospetivas para a era digital
O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais contribuições da geotecnia e da era digital nos pavimentos e nas vias-férreas, com importância nas várias fases do ciclo de vida (projeto, construção, operação e manutenção). Neste contexto são apresentados aspetos da caracterização e modelação dos geomateriais e sua influência no desempenho dessas estruturas, através da demonstração de resultados de ensaios de laboratório e
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
113-141.
Author(s): Gomes Correia, A.; Neves, J.; Fortunato, E.
: Geotecnia
Editor: Sociedade Portuguesa de Geotecnia
Volume:
152.
Keywords: digital; pavimentos; Geotecnia nos transportes
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Comunicação
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Ballast quality assessment using Ground Penetrating Radar data processed in frequency domain
In the transport infrastructures context, the support layers have a fundamental role in the degradation of the trackcondition, both in structural aspects and in terms of fouling of the materials that comprise them. Particularly inthe
Year: 2019
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fontul, S.; Marques, A. M. C.
: Geophysical Research Abstracts
Editor: Copernicus Publications
Volume:
21.
Keywords: Ballast fouling; Ground penetrating radar; Ballast; Railways
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Continuous monitoring and evaluation of railway tracks: proof of concept test
A R&D Project was recently completed in Portugal that aimed at designing, developing and demonstrating the applicability of an innovative and integrated approach to assess the performance and condition of railway tracks. A system prototype was developed and installed on board of a self-propelled railway maintenance vehicle. The system is designed to continuously evaluate the vertical stiffness of the track and to detect disturbances on the wheel and rail dynamic contact interactions. The system is also able to post-process the acquired data taking into account structural aspects of the track. Following the work described in another paper submitted to ICSI 2019, this paper presents the methodology used in this project to process the acquired data and determine the relevant structural railway track parameters, such as railway track verticalstiffness, some geometrical properties of the rails and characteristic resonance frequencies of the vehicle-rail dynamic interaction. It also presents the results obtained from the first test using the prototype on a railway track under regular operation. For this purpose, a section of the track was instrumented with additional on-site equipment to provide data for further system assessment and validation. The instrumented section comprised part of a bridge over Ribeira de São Martinho and the adjacent transition zone, near Alcácer do Sal, in Portugal. The data obtained from this proof of concept test, together with the results gathered from previous phases of this project, suggest that the proposed approach is adequate in this context.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
419
Author(s): Gil de Morais, P.; Morais, J.; Santos, C.; Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Asseiceiro, F.; Gomes, L.
: Procedia Structural Integrity
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
17.
Keywords: Instrumentation; Track stiffness; Train-track interaction; railway track performance
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Continuous monitoring and evaluation of railway tracks: system description and assessment
innovative and integrated approach to assess the performance and condition of railway tracks. This approach is also expected to contribute to identify the specific causes of some track performance degradation, namely those that are related to the characteristics of the layers and the geomaterials that compose the substructure of the track. A system prototype was developed and installed on board of a self-propelled railway maintenance vehicle. The system is designed to continuously evaluate the vertical stiffness of the track and to detect disturbances on the dynamic contact interface between the wheelsets and the rails, some of which can be related to defects on the tracks. The system is also able to post-process the acquired data. This paper includes an overall system description of the prototype implemented based on the discussed approach and the first experimental tests performed with said prototype, regarding the system assessment. These tests were performed on a railwayvtrack, adjacent to a maintenance yard. The track was instrumented with additional on-site equipment to serve as reference for thevprototype
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
448
Author(s): Morais, J.; Santos, C.; Gil de Morais, P.; Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Asseiceiro, F.; Gomes, L.
: Procedia Structural Integrity
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
17.
Keywords: Instrumentation; Track stiffnes; Train-track interaction; Railway track performance
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COURSE
Neste trabalho apresentam-se resultados de um projeto de investigação no âmbito do qual se desenvolveu eaplicou uma abordagem inovadora para avaliação do desempenho da via-férrea, que contribui para identificaras causas das disfunções da via, considerando aspetos relativos à resposta estrutural da interação dinâmica do sistema via-veículo. Descreve-se o sistema protótipo que foi desenvolvido e apresentam-se alguns resultados obtidos, quer no âmbito da calibração laboratorial do sistema, quer num trecho experimental de uma via-férrea em serviço, os quais permitiram validar o método proposto.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
10p.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.; Gil de Morais, P.; Santos, C.; Morais, J.; Asseiceiro, F.; Gomes, L.
Editor: CRP
Keywords: Rigidez; Sistema de medição; Monitorização em contínuo; Via-férrea
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Dynamic analyses on railway track reinforcement with short soil-binder columns
N/A
Year: 2019
Author(s): Francisco, A.; Paixão, A.; Varandas, J.; Fortunato, E.
Editor: TRB
Keywords: Train
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Future trends in transport infrastructure monitoring
The intense traffic on existing pavements not only induces increased deterioration but also decreases vailability of pavements for monitoring and maintenance interventions. In Europe, in general, the existing pavement network requires maintenance in order to comply with traffic requirements. In an economic scenario of financial requirements, it is crucial to plan and justify maintenance measures needed for an efficient management. This paper presents future trends in pavement engineering focussing specifically on the non-destructive continuous monitoring, data processing, and possible applications of Building Information Modelling, as improved tools for pavement monitoring and rehabilitation management.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
261-275 pp.
Author(s): Fontul, S.
: Future trends in civil engineering
Editor: University of Zagreb
Volume:
1.
Keywords: BIM; Structural evaluation; Monitoring; Pavement condition; GPR; FWD
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Improved methods for the imputation of missing data in pavement management systems
Missing data is a common problem in most pavement management systems (PMS) databases, affecting the accuracy of pavement performance predictions and the quality of pavement management decisions. A potential solution to this problem is the imputation of missing values. This study analyses the suitability and performance of four different imputation methods
Year: 2019
Author(s): Marcelino, P.; Antunes, M. L.; Fortunato, E.
Editor: Department of Civil Engineering at Liverpool John Moores University
Keywords: Imputation methods; Pavement performance predictions; Pavement management systems; LTPP database; Missing data
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Soil-binder columns for the rehabilitation of railway track platforms
Railway track reinforcement using soil-binder columns without removing track structure can be an efficient method to rehabilitate old lines. This work presents results of a study on a reinforcing method of old railway track platforms with poor bearing conditions. It consists in drilling through the ballast layer and in-jecting binders into the soil to form short columns in the track subgrade. Experimental injection testing has been successful in demonstrating the feasibility of the method, in that it was possible to inject the grout below the ballast layer and to create soil-binder columns with diameters ranging from 30 to 60 cm, depending on the injection parameters, for the different tested soils. The results of the numerical modelling of tested reinforce-ment configurations suggest that the columns provide a reduction of the deviator stress at the top of the plat-form in untreated soil areas between the columns. Therefore, the approach helps to mitigate typical and unde-sirable phenomena of old railway platforms such as progressive shear failure and excessive accumulation of plastic deformation at the ballast-platform interface. To validate the method even further, cyclic loading tests on true scale physical models are currently underway to study the resilient and permanent deformation of rail-way tracks with poor bearing conditions, submitted to the reinforcement method
Year: 2019
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.; Gil de Morais, P.; Santos, C.; Francisco, A.; Asseiceiro, F.; Cruz, J.; Cruz, N.
Editor: International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
Keywords: Soil
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A research project on the reinforcement of old railway track platforms using short soil binder columns
The rehabilitation and construction works for the reinforcement of old railway track platforms is a complex, time-consuming and costly process that often causes significant disturbances to normal train operation (Selig & Waters, 1994). Although different reinforcement approaches have been used in the past (INNOTRACK, 2008; Indraratna et al., 2011; Li et al., 2016), from soil replacement to reinforcement with geosynthetics, only a few allow performing the treatment or applying the reinforcement with minimal hindrance to railway operation. In this context, the reinforcement the track foundation, through injection of binders, without removing the ballast layer or the track components, is of paramount importance. Although this approach is not new, it still poses challenges in terms of railway operation, construction processes and quality assurance. For example, according to Li et al. (2016), slurry injection in the track platform has been used on railways since the 80
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
4p.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.; Morais, P.; Santos, Carlos; Francisco, A.; Varandas, J.; Asseiceiro, F.; Cruz, J.; Cruz, N.
Editor: Civil-Comp Press
Volume:
A10.01.
Keywords: Soil
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An integrated monitoring system for continuous evaluation of railway tracks for efficient asset management
The maintenance of railway tracks is one of the aspects of the railway infrastructure managementactivity that most influences the technical and economic performance of this transportationsystem. It is common practice to support the maintenance actions based on themonitoring of the infrastructure condition, for example by carrying out visual inspectionsand using dedicated track inspection vehicles. Despite the fact that this traditional approachto evaluate the track, based on its condition, is quite effective, it does not provide usefulinformation on the causes that lead to such reduction in performance. Consequently, themaintenance tends to be more corrective and less preventive. Considering the limitations ofthe available methods, a R&D project is underway in Portugal aiming at designing, developingand demonstrating the applicability of an innovative and integrated approach to assess theperformance of railway tracks, which is also expected to contribute to identifying the causesof some track malfunctions. In this paper we discuss the relevant aspects of this approachand present preliminary results of the tasks currently underway, namely the design and developmentof the prototype system, including the verification of the measurement chain andits validation in laboratory environment.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
667-673pp.
Author(s): Santos, Carlos; Morais, P.; Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Asseiceiro, F.; Gomes, L.
: Road and Rail Infrastructure V, Proceedings of the Conference CETRA 2018
Editor: Department of Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb
Volume:
19.
Keywords: Measurement system; Continuous monitoring; Track stiffness; Railway
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Books
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Application of a gap-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of two national road stretches (EN104 and EN105) located in the north of Portugal - Field and laboratory
This case study refers to the first significant experience with asphalt rubber, manufactured by the wetprocess, applied on a full scale rehabilitation project in Portugal. It concerns the application of a gapgradedasphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of National road stretchesEN 104 between Azurara and Trofa and EN 105 between Travagem and Santo Tirso. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à primeira experiência relevante, em Portugal, na qual seutilizaram misturas com betume modificado com borracha reciclada de pneus na reabilitação deestradas nacionais. Diz respeito, em particular, à aplicação de misturas betuminosas rugosas combetume modificado com borracha em camadas de desgaste, no âmbito da reabilitação do pavimento deum troço da estrada nacional EN 104, entre Azurara e Trofa, e da estrada nacional EN 105, entreTravagem e Santo Tirso.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
23pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.; Santos, C.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 122
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphalt; In situ test; Asphaltic road pavement
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Application of an open-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of a stretch of the National Road EN 14 located in the North of Portugal - Field and laboratory case s
This case study refers to a successful application of an asphalt rubber wearing course in the frame ofthe rehabilitation of the pavement of the National Road EN 14 between
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 123
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; In situ test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Asphalt
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Application of hot mix asphalt with 20% - 25% reclaimed asphalt in the rehabilitation of the pavement of the motorway A1 between Pombal and Condeixa (Portugal) - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to plant hot mix recycling works in the frame of the rehabilitation of a stretch ofthe motorway A1, located in the centre of Portugal.It concerns the use of 20% - 25% of Reclaimed Asphalt in the production of two different asphaltconcrete mixtures for application in binder courses. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se ao fabrico e aplicação de misturas betuminosas recicladas a quenteem central, num troço da auto-estrada A1 localizado no centro do País. Neste caso, foram utilizadas nofabrico de duas misturas diferentes, uma Mistura Betuminosa Densa e um Betão BetuminosoSubjacente à Camada Drenante, respectivamente, cerca de 20 % e 25 % de misturas betuminosasrecuperadas.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 119
Keywords: In situ test; Laboratory test; Asphaltic cement road pavement; Recycled materials; Motorway; Road pavement rehabilitation; Hot mix asphalt
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Application of hot mix asphalt with 35% - 40% reclaimed asphalt in the rehabilitation of the pavement of the National road EN 105 between Travagem and Santo Tirso (Portugal) - Field and laboratory cas
This case study refers to the first known application of RAP in the production of hot mix asphaltconcrete in Portugal. It concerns the application of a plant hot mix recycled asphalt concrete as abinder course in a national road stretch located in the North of Portugal. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à primeira obra realizada em Portugal, na qual se procedeu àreutilização de materiais betuminosos fresados na reabilitação de um pavimento flexível de um trechode uma estrada nacional (EN105), situada no Norte do País. Os materiais fresados foram reciclados emcentral mediante a incorporação de novos materiais, e posteriormente utilizados em camadas deregularização.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 118
Keywords: In situ test; Laboratory test; Asphaltic cement road pavement; Recycled materials; National road; Road pavement rehabilitation; Hot mix asphalt
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Cold insitu recycling of the pavement of EN 260 between Serpa and Vila Verde de Ficalho (Portugal) - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to an application of cold in situ recycling of an old asphalt pavement usingbitumen emulsion.The rehabilitation works were performed in 2 phases: The first phase consisted in recycling theexisting asphalt and granular layers up to 120 mm deep and application of a slurry surfacing. Thesecond phase consisted in placing an asphalt cold mix binder course and a new slurry surfacing. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à aplicação de misturas betuminosas recicladas a frio
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Batista, F. A.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 120
Keywords: Pt; National road; Laboratory test; In situ test; Asphalt binder; Cold mix asphalt; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Bitumen emulsion
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Rehabilitation of the IP2 pavement between Barragem do Fratel and EN 118 (Portugal) using cold insitu recycling of existing asphalt layers - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to a successful application of cold in situ recycling of asphalt layers from aheavily cracked pavement using bitumen emulsion.A new hot mix asphalt binder course and a new wearing course were placed on the recycled layer. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se a uma aplicação bem sucedida de reciclagem a frio
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Batista, F.A.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 121
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; In situ test; Asphalt binder; Cracked road pavement; Cold mix asphalt; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Bitumen emulsion
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Capítulo de Livro
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Case Study of an Inert Steel Aggregate in Road Construction: Characterization and Monitoring of the Structural Behaviour
The use of alternative materials, in particular industrial by-products and waste materials, in the construction oftransport infrastructures and geotechnical works, has been promoted across the world. Nonetheless, considering that, in most situations, the application of some of these materials is fairly recent, little information is available on the long-term performance of the infrastructures in which they were used. This work mentions some characteristics of the Inert Steel Aggregate for Construction (ISAC). It presents some results related to the evolution in the surface characteristics and the structural behaviour of a field trial built on a road section in Portugal. ISAC was used in the embankments and pavement layers. The visual inspection, the results of the mechanical tests performed, and the values of the settlements measured on the surface markings about ten years after the section is open to traffic led to conclude that the pavement in the zone where ISAC was used as a construction material is, in general, in a better condition and presents better structural performance than the adjacent areas built with natural materials. The embankment's maximum settlements in the areas with ISAC were similar to the ones observed in the adjacent areas.
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
5p.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Roque, A. J.; Gomes Correia, A.
: Advances in Geoengineering, Geotechnologies, and Geoenvironment for Earth Systems and Sustainable Georesources Management
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Long-term performance; Structural behaviour; Mechanical properties; Inert Steel Aggregate for Construction (ISAC)
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Testing and monitoring in railway tracks
Railway tracks may be perceived as simple physical structures, but in fact they entail a significant level of complexity as refers to the assessment and prediction of their transient and long-term behaviors. These mostly result from the intrinsic characteristics of their components and of the dynamic interaction with the suc-cessive passing trains at different speeds and with different loading characteris-tics. The railway industry
Year: 2022
Number Pages:
229-255.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.
: Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Monitoring; Testing, Instrumentation; Railway Tracks
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Modelação numérica avançada do comportamento estrutural de vias-férreas
A via férrea balastrada é uma estrutura relativamente simples, mas exibe um comportamento complexo, nomeadamente devido às distintas solicitações dinâmicas a que está sujeita, e à forma como se comportam e interagem os seus diversos elementos. O método dos elementos finitos é particularmente adequado à análise do funcionamento destas estruturas, possibilitando a modelação das ações e a utilização de modelos constitutivos avançados para os diversos materiais que constituem o sistema, permitindo considerar a variação das características físicas e geométricas no espaço. Neste capítulo descreve-se e demonstra-se a aplicação de uma ferramenta de modelação numérica tridimensional, concebida especificamente para o cálculo da resposta dinâmica da via-férrea, cujo desenvolvimento, ao longo dos últimos anos, tem tido a contribuição dos autores. Para além da apresentação e validação da ferramenta de modelação, são apresentados estudos relativos à análise do comportamento da via em situações particulares.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
1-32.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.; Varandas, J.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Editor: LNEC
Info
Técnicas de machine learning em sistemas de gestão de pavimentos
A utilização de machine learning tem despertado a curiosidade e o interesse do meio académico e empresarial. Com efeito, a aplicação de machine learning, baseada em técnicas capazes de aprender com os dados, tem sido efetuada com sucesso em diversos contextos. Este sucesso é particularmente evidente nas áreas que utilizam grandes volumes de dados e que procuram obter informação que permita alimentar modelos de previsão.Na área dos Transportes, para além da resolução de questões relacionadas com a mobilidade, é expectável que a aplicação de técnicas de machine learning venha a ser cada vez mais frequente em questões relacionadas com a gestão de infraestruturas, em particular no estabelecimento de modelos de previsão do comportamento.Neste capítulo procura-se evidenciar o potencial da aplicação de machine learning em sistemas de gestão de pavimentos, através da descrição de alguns dos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos autores neste domínio, essencialmente relacionados com a aplicação de machine learning no desenvolvimento de modelos de previsão do desempenho dos pavimentos, uma das temáticas essenciais dos sistemas de gestão de pavimentos.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
47-70.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Antunes, M. L.; Marcelino, P.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Editor: LNEC
Info
Análise comparada de um agregado de escória de aciaria como material alternativo para lastro de vias férreas do tipo heavy haul por meio de ensaios triaxiais
Este artigo apresenta uma etapa de uma pesquisa mais abrangente que está em andamento na Universidade do Porto, no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa Construct-Geo, que visa avaliar os aspectos geomecânicos de materiais alternativos para uso como camada de lastro em vias férreas do tipo heavy haul. São apresentados resultados de ensaios triaxiais monotônicos e cíclicos conduzidos em corpos de prova de 150 mm de diâmetro por 300 mm de altura, em escala reduzida numa proporção de 1:2,5 em relação à granulometriade lastro padrão AREMA N. 24. Analisou-se um agregado de escória de aciaria, quimicamente e ambientalmente, inerte comparativamente a um agregado de granito, relativamente à resistência e à deformabilidade. Os ensaios cíclicos foram conduzidos em dois escalões de carga de 500.000 ciclos, sendo cada escalão compatível com o carregamento imposto por vias do tipo heavy haul com, respectivamente,32,5 toneladas/eixo e 40 toneladas/eixo. Os resultados mostraram que o lastro de escória de aciaria apresentou parâmetros de resistência superiores comparativamente ao lastro de granito e um melhor comportamento quanto à deformabilidade, expresso por maiores valores de módulo de resiliência, menoresíndices de quebra e degradação de partículas e uma maior tendência de estabilização das deformações plásticas, fenômeno conhecido como shakedown e que também foi investigado.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
55-70pp..
Author(s): Delgado, B.; Fonseca, A.; Fortunato, E.; Coelho, D.
: As Engenharias frente a Sociedade, a Economia e o Meio Ambiente 3
Editor: Atena
Volume:
3.
Keywords: Ensaios Triaxiais; Escória de Aciaria; Lastro Ferroviário
Info
Current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal
The reuse of recycled materials in geotechnical works has awakened a growing interest in the last few years in Portugal. A committee (GT-VROG) within the Portuguese Geotechnical Society (SPG) was created recently for analysing the current state of this kind of use and for promoting it nationwide. As part of the activities of the group, a national survey within producers of waste materials and potential users in geotechnical works was carried out, and a national seminar was organised within the framework of the activities of the TC-3 of the ISSMGE, in order to discuss the present situation in the country and the best ways to develop the reuse of this kind of materials in geotechnical applications. The seminar had the participation of representatives of the different entities interested on the subject (producers, users, administration and research centres), as well as of invited foreign specialists from other European countries. Taking advantage of the results of these activities, the current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal is briefly presented and analysed next.
Year: 2007
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Santayana, F.
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Keywords: Geotechnical works; Recycled materials
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Tese de Doutoramento
Info
A New Approach for the Maintenance Management of Transportation Infrastructures using Machine Learning
Transportation infrastructures are vital to our society. These infrastructures naturally tend to deteriorate over time. A set of activities is then required to manage existing assets in accordance with sound management principles. These activities are usually integrated into systems that manage infrastructures according to technical, social and economic aspects. This research aims to examine the potential of applying machine learning techniques to current transportation infrastructure management systems. Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence enabling systems to automatically learn and improve from experience (data), arriving at solutions not explicitly programmed. Powered by algorithms that can learn from data, machine learning leads to efficient and effective systems that improve over time. Over the last few years, the application of machine learning has transformed several industries and could do so for transportation infrastructure as well.To achieve the research objectives, a set of studies was performed. Each of these studies had a specific objective, the set of which can be expressed as follows: to define combined performance indicators for pavement condition assessment using machine learning; to develop machine learning models for pavement performance prediction; to formulate machine learning solutions to overcome pavement data issues, such as missing data; to integrate machine learning techniques into decision support systems for pavement maintenance management. Together these studies explored the development of machine learning applications for solving some standard pavement management problems, providing insights into the application of machine learning to transportation infrastructure management systems. The studies successfully demonstrated the potential of machine learning applications for pavement management systems. It showed that machine learning is applicable to various transportation asset management problems, such as condition assessment, performance prediction, and decision support, and that it is able to outperform some of the analytical techniques currently used. Overall, this research work finds that machine learning is a promising tool for transportation infrastructure management systems.
Year: 2020
Author(s): Marcelino, P.
Keywords: Pavement Management Systems.; Decision Support Systems; Prediction Models;; Machine Learning; Transportation Infrastructure Asset Management
Info
Transition zones in railway tracks: An experimental and numerical study on the structural behaviour
The railway track continually degrades over its life cycle. This has negative consequences for maintenance and availability of the lines and is particularly evident at locations with abrupt changes in the track
Year: 2014
Author(s): Paixão, A.
Keywords: Dynamic train-track interaction; Numerical modelling; Instrumentation and monitoring; Cyclic load triaxial tests; In situ characterisation; Degradation of the track geometric quality; Backfill design and construction; Under sleeper pads; Transition zones; Railway track
Info
Renovação de plataformas ferroviárias. Estudos relativos à capacidade de carga
Esta dissertação pretende ser um contributo para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de abordagem do problema da renovação de plataformas ferroviárias em serviço, em particular no que se refere à avaliação da capacidade de carga e técnicas de reforço. A referida metodologia foi desenvolvida com o objectivo de apoiar os projectos de renovação das vias férreas.Os principais aspectos abordados são os mecanismos que contribuem para a degradação das vias férreas, a caracterização
Year: 2005
Author(s): Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Ensaios in situ; Modelação física; Modelação numérica; Ensaios laboratoriais; Renovação de caminho de ferro; Capacidade de carga; Deformabilidade da via férrea; Fundação da via férrea; Balastro; Linha férrea
Info
Deformações permanentes de misturas betuminosas em pavimentos rodoviários
Nas últimas décadas tem vindo a verificar-se, em Portugal bem como no resto do mundo, umacentuado crescimento do volume de tráfego rodoviário e das cargas transportadas pelos veículospesados. Tem-se observado, igualmente, um aumento das exigências funcionais, relacionadas com asegurança e conforto do utente das infra-estruturas, a par das preocupações de carácter ambiental, oque conduz à necessidade de pavimentos rodoviários cada vez mais resistentes e duráveis.Consequentemente, tem-se vindo a recorrer a soluções de pavimentação que envolvem maioresespessuras de camadas betuminosas o que implica uma maior parcela de contribuição docomportamento deste tipo de materiais no desempenho das estruturas de pavimentos. Daqui decorre,entre outros aspectos, uma crescente preocupação com a deformação permanente deste tipo demateriais. Esta situação é também sentida em diversos países, nomeadamente nos países europeus,no Canadá e nos Estados Unidos da América.O presente trabalho tem como objectivo contribuir para um melhor conhecimento do comportamentoà deformação permanente de misturas betuminosas aplicadas em camadas de desgaste depavimentos rodoviários, possibilitando o estabelecimento de metodologias e de critérios de avaliação,que conduzam à selecção de materiais adequados às exigências actuais. Como principais aspectosabordados referem-se a caracterização do comportamento viscoelástico destes materiais, através daexecução e interpretação de ensaios laboratoriais com aplicação de cargas repetidas, que simulemas condições observadas in situ, e a modelação do comportamento à deformação permanente dasmisturas.É analisado o fenómeno da deformação permanente, bem como a sua forma de manifestação naestrutura do pavimento
Year: 2002
Author(s): Freire, A. C.
Keywords: Modelação do comportamento estrutrual; Ensaios de simulação em pista de laboratório; Ensaios decompressão uniaxial estático; Ensaio de compressão uniaxial de cargas repetidas; Modelos reológicos; Comportamento viscoelástico; Deformação permanente; Caracterização laboratorial; Misturas betuminosas
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Relatório Científico
Info
The way forward for pavement performance indicators across Europe COST Action 354 Performance Indicators for Road Pavements Final Report
The main objective of the COST Action 354
Year: 2008
Number Pages:
72p.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; LITZKA, Johann; LEBEN, Bojan; LA TORRE, Francesca; WENINGER-VYCUDIL, Alfred; KOKOT, Darko; Mladenovic, Goran; BRITTAIN, Stuart; VINER, Helen
Keywords: Performance indicators for road pavements
Info
MISTURAS BETUMINOSAS DE ALTO MÓDULO Aplicação na Beneficiação da EN 14, entre Chantre e Trofa
N/A
Year: 2007
Number Pages:
137pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.
Info
COST 334 - Effects of wide tyres and dual tvres task group 3 - Pavement wear effects - Mechanistic approach for rutting - Stage 4
N/A
Year: 2000
Author(s): Quaresma, Luis.; Ferreira, P.; Batista, A. L.
Info
COST 334 - Effects of wide tyres and dual tyres task group 3 - Pavement wear effects - Mechanistic approach for rutting - Stage 2
N/A
Year: 2000
Author(s): Quaresma, Luis.; Ferreira, P.; Freire, A. C.; Batista, A. L.
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ICT
Info
NOVAS SOLUÇÕES DE SUPERSTRUTURA DE VIA PARA A ALTA VELOCIDADE FERROVIÁRIA - Comparação com a via balastrada tradicional
As crescentes exigências impostas ao transporte ferroviário e a necessidade de o tornar num sistemade transporte mais competitivo, têm levado ao desenvolvimento de novas soluções de via-férrea.Estas novas soluções constituem inovações tecnológicas de via-férrea que diferem da via balastradatradicional na utilização de diferentes materiais e métodos construtivos. Apostam fortemente naredução da necessidade de conservação e renovação da via, o que se traduz na diminuição doscustos associados à sua operação, assim como no aumento da disponibilidade da linha.Assim, estas soluções apresentam uma melhor resposta a velocidades de circulação cada vez maiselevadas e a maiores volumes de tráfego, que tendem a conduzir a maior deterioração da via e aconsequentes maiores custos de conservação e renovação. Em comparação com a via tradicional,estas soluções podem ser mais vantajosas, no que se refere à segurança, a aspectos ambientais, àgestão da operação e a custos globais, quando se considera o ciclo de vida da infra-estrutura.Embora estas tecnologias tenham vindo a ser testadas e aplicadas em alguns países, desde há váriasdécadas, em particular no Japão, só mais recentemente diversos países demonstraram especialinteresse pela sua aplicação. Face a estas vantagens, tem-se verificado actualmente uma crescentetendência para a adopção destas novas soluções, sobretudo para as linhas de alta velocidade,particularmente na Europa e Ásia Oriental.Dentro deste contexto, e tendo em conta a previsível integração de Portugal na Rede Europeia de AltaVelocidade, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo com o objectivo de apresentar diversas soluções devia-férrea que estão disponíveis e compará-las com a solução tradicional de via balastrada.O estudo incide na descrição de concepções de via-férrea não tradicionais, como a via sem balastro ea via de apoio misto, fazendo-se especial referência às principais vantagens e desvantagens da viasem balastro, face à solução tradicional de via balastrada, e à experiência da sua aplicação.Apresenta-se ainda uma síntese da situação actual da aplicação destas novas soluções em paísesque apostaram fortemente nas redes de alta velocidade.Do estudo desenvolvido conclui-se que, para novas linhas de alta velocidade, estas soluções podemser bastante atractivas, como alternativa à via balastrada tradicional.Os autores agradecem a todas as entidades e pessoas a título individual a autorização expressa paraa publicação das ilustrações apresentadas neste estudo, encontrando-se estas devidamentereferenciadas.
Year: 2009
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Comboios de alta velocidade; Novas tecnologias; Infra-estrutura ferroviária; Via férrea
Info
Current state of the re-use of waste materials in geotechnical works in Portugal
The reuse of recycled materials in geotechnical works has awakened a growing interest in the last few years in Portugal. A committee (GT-VROG) within the Portuguese Geotechnical Society (SPG) was created recently for analysing the current state of this kind of use and for promoting it nationwide. As part of the activities of the group, a national survey within producers of waste materials and potential users in geotechnical works was carried out, and a national seminar was organised within the framework of the activities of the TC-3 of theISSMGE, in order to discuss the present situation in the country and the best ways to develop the reuse of this kind of materials in geotechnical applications. The seminar had the participation of representatives of the different entities interested on the subject (producers, users, administration and research centres), as well as of invited foreign specialists from other European countries. Taking advantage of the results of these activities, the current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal is presented and analysed next.
Year: 2006
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Santayana, F.; Roque, A. J.
Keywords: Recycled waste materials; Reuse of materials; Geotechnical works
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Outro
Info
ABGER 0/31,5 - Agregados britados de granulometria extensa reciclados
N/A
Year: 2023
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de aplicação; Reutilização de materiais de construção; Agregados para estradas; Mistura betuminosa; Pavimento rodoviário; Reciclagem de resíduos; Reciclagem de materiais; Agregados de detritos de obras
Info
Guia para a utilização de misturas betuminosas a frio para a reparação rápida de pavimentos rodoviários
N/A
Year: 2021
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Pavimento rodoviário; Reparação de pavimento rodoviário; Mistura betuminosa a frio
Info
Agregado Siderúrgico Inerte para Construção (ASIC) - Utilização em misturas betuminosas do tipo AC20 base
N/A
Year: 2020
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de aplicação; Mistura betuminosa; Siderurgia; Pavimento rodoviário; Agregado
Info
ABGER 0/31,5 - Agregados britados de granulometria extensa reciclados
N/A
Year: 2018
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de aplicação; Reutilização de materiais de construção; Agregados para estradas; Mistura betuminosa; Pavimento rodoviário; Reciclagem de resíduos; Reciclagem de materiais; Agregados de detritos de obras
Info
S&P CARBOPHALT® G - Grelha de fibra de carbono pré-revestida com betume oxidado para reforço de pavimentos
N/A
Year: 2018
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de aplicação; Betume; Reforço de pavimento; Fibras de carbono; Grelha; Camada do pavimento; Pavimento de aeroporto; Pavimento rodoviário
Info
S&P GLASPHALT® G - Grelha de fibra de vidro pré-revestida com betume oxidado para reforço de pavimentos
N/A
Year: 2018
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de aplicação; Betume; Fibras de vidro; Grelha; Camada do pavimento; Pavimento de aeroporto; Pavimento rodoviário; Reforço de pavimento
Info
Guia para a utilização de agregados reciclados provenientes de misturas betuminosas recuperadas para camadas não ligadas de pavimentos rodoviários
N/A
Year: 2016
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Pavimento rodoviário; Guia; Demolição de obras; Mistura betuminosa; Reciclagem de materiais; Agregados para estradas; Agregados de detritos de obras; Camada do pavimento
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Guia para a utilização de materiais provenientes de resíduos de construção e demolição em caminhos rurais e florestais
N/A
Year: 2016
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Estrada rural; Guia; Reutilização de materiais de construção; Demolição de obras; Detritos de obras; Reciclagem de materiais; Material de construção de estradas; Estrada florestal
Info
Guia para a utilização de materiais provenientes de resíduos de construção e demolição em preenchimento de valas
N/A
Year: 2016
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Valetas; Guia; Reciclagem de materiais; Demolição de obras; Detritos de obras; Reutilização de materiais de construção
Info
AEIRU - Agregados artificiais de escórias de incineração de resíduos urbanos para pavimentos rodoviários
N/A
Year: 2015
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de aplicação; Escória; Agregados para estradas; Resíduo urbano; Incineração de resíduos; Pavimento rodoviário; Reutilização de materiais; Agregados artificiais
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