Publications

Pretende-se analisar aspectos condicionantes da vida útil de ancoragenscom base em cavilhas plásticas, com parafusos metálicos, aplicadas em edifíciosrecentes designadamente, em elementos de betão e de alvenaria de blocosmaciços de betão ou cerâmicos. Abordam-se, em particular, os casos deancoragens sujeitas a cargas de tracção e/ou de corte induzidas por elementosnão-estruturais fixados por essas ancoragens.

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Natural disasters cause an average of 60,000 deaths per year. There was a total of 416 natural disasters worldwide in 2020. Resilience to disruption and quick recovery of the operational performance of buildings and infrastructure is critical to the continuous functioning of cities and communities. This requires recognition of critical weaknesses of urbanized society. This recognition can be mapped in terms of different dimensions that must be rated and weighted based on their relative importance. There have been various efforts to recognize urban resilience indicators and parameters. This paper aims at contributing to the current bodyof knowledge by differentiating the resilience scoring of buildings and infrastructure based on their use-type. The study includes a stochastic analysis of a virtual city consisting of 10,000 buildings with various use-types. The virtual city is modelled with earlier case studies undertaken by the authors in the city of Lisbon. Thisstudy proves how intrinsic and obtained values can be used to generate a building resilience score in conjunction with use-type.

Natural disasters cause an average of 60,000 deaths per year. There was a total of 416 natural disasters worldwide in 2020. Resilience to disruption and quick recovery of the operational performance of buildings and infrastructure is critical to the continuous functioning of cities and communities. This requires recognition of critical weaknesses of urbanized society. This recognition can be mapped in terms of different dimensions that must be rated and weighted based on their relative importance. There have been various efforts to recognize urban resilience indicators and parameters. This paper aims at contributing to the current bodyof knowledge by differentiating the resilience scoring of buildings and infrastructure based on their use-type. The study includes a stochastic analysis of a virtual city consisting of 10,000 buildings with various use-types. The virtual city is modelled with earlier case studies undertaken by the authors in the city of Lisbon. Thisstudy proves how intrinsic and obtained values can be used to generate a building resilience score in conjunction with use-type.

O projeto SECClasS

The resilience of buildings and civil engineering infrastructures has increasingly attracted the attention of different stakeholders, including engineering professionals from different areas, scientists, standardization bodies, investors and financial institutions, regulatory agencies, different user groups, as well as nationaland regional administrative services. This interest has motivated the development of methods for classifying the resilience of built assets, to identify aspects that can be improved and establish investment priorities, to increase their resilience when facing extreme events or other types of risks. The paper presents contributions to improve a system for classifying the resilience of built assets organized in dimensions, indicators and parameters that cover not only the intrinsic characteristics of buildings, but also their exposure to natural and man-made hazards, with the community and with the users. The paper specifically focuses on the resilience of public treasury buildings elementary schools in the municipality of Lisbon, some of which have been object, throughout their life cycle, of different interventions carried out within the scope of different public investment programs.

Urban resilience research covers multiple fields of study like earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis, amongst other types of disaster risks. Resilience evaluationsystems have been used to aggregate and calibrate multi-dimensional resiliencerelatedinputs. But these evaluation systems do not offer comprehensive outputs norsufficient analytical capacity to support the design and implementation of city and community recovery and resilience plans. This study focuses on the strategic needs of resilience and recovery plans for Portuguese cities and communities and proposes a sophisticated mapping system to address this gap. The main output of the proposed approach is a multi-layer heatmaps with scores based on various disasters for allPortuguese cities. The resilience score is obtained through real statistical geo-data analysis.

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Na sequência da complexidade crescente das novas edificações e do desenvolvimento constante da metodologia Building Information Modeling (BIM), o setor da Arquitetura, Engenharia, Construção e Operação (AECO) enfrenta o desafio emergente de gerir toda a informação necessária para o cumprimento dos respetivos requisitos básicos. Para a gestão da informação, salienta-se a importância da utilização de Sistemas de Classificação da Informação da Construção (Construction Information Classification Systems, CICS) normalizados. Acresce a necessidade de dar resposta ao desafio global para racionalizar a utilização dos recursos naturais, alinhado com os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ONS) da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Sendo o setor AECO dos mais exigentes em termos da utilização desses recursos, urge desenvolver modelos de produção que envolvam a reutilização, reparação, renovação e reciclagem de materiais e produtos, alargando assim o seu ciclo de vida.O Projeto SECClasS apresenta uma solução que unifica estes desafios, propondo desenvolver um CICS nacional otimizado para a sustentabilidade, assente nos princípios da Economia Circular, através da utilização de ferramentas digitais, que ajudem e promovam a seleção e gestão criteriosa de materiais, com o objetivo final de um menor impacto ambiental.O presente artigo analisa os pressupostos para o desenvolvimento de um CICS nacional que utiliza como base sistemas internacionais já implementados e normas internacionais já estabelecidas, bem como o Plano de Ação para a Economia Circular da União Europeia. O sistema proposto tem como objetivo agilizar os processos de tomada de decisão no setor AECO, reduzindo custos e prazos e promovendo a sustentabilidade.

Nas últimas décadas o transporte aéreo tem demonstrado um crescimento em consequência do aumento da procura em diversos países. O bom funcionamento das infraestruturas aeroportuárias é um dos fatores condicionantes para a eficiência e desempenho do transporte aéreo. De facto, é requerido que os complexos aeroportuários mantenham determinados padrões de qualidade, resiliência, fiabilidade, segurança e desempenho. Para a análise estrutural e estudo de eventuais intervenções de manutenção e reabilitação neste tipo de infraestruturas, pode-se recorrer cada vez mais ao Building Information Modelling (BIM).O BIM é uma metodologia facilitadora no setor da Arquitetura, Engenharia, Construção e Operação (AECO), por permitir a integração das diversas fases do ciclo de vida e o trabalho colaborativo dos diversos intervenientes nos diversos processos. Com vista a minimizar incompatibilidades entre os vários softwares que se baseiam nesta metodologia, tem vindo a ser desenvolvido um formato padrão e de acesso livre denominado de Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), que permite aos utilizadores o acesso a toda a informação sem estar limitado ao software de origem do modelo.O presente trabalho apresenta a definição de requisitos IFC, que permitam guardar toda a informação essencial para modelos BIM de elementos estruturais integrados em infraestruturas aeroportuárias, com uma abrangência tal que permita representar a complexidade dos processos ao longo do seu ciclo de vida. A proposta, baseada na análise das disposições e especificações da buildingSMART e na norma ISO 16739: 2013, compreende a definição dos critérios base que permitam ao IFC guardar a informação necessária aos modelos na sua componente estrutural. A validação da proposta é efetuada através de um caso de estudo pré-definido, onde é possível experimentar a sua implementação. Para finalizar são retiradas as devidas conclusões sobre o trabalho realizado, bem como apresentadas sugestões para desenvolvimentos futuros com vista à incorporação de IFC em modelos BIM.

Anomalies in heritage buildings with reinforced concrete structure, related to the cracking of infill masonry walls due to vertical deformations of their structural supporting elements, can have strong negative impact on these buildings, as they usually represent an important cultural and historical value to preserve. These deformations can affect the functionality, aesthetics and the safety of the referred heritage buildings, leading to significant costs associated to repair actions and decrease of their patrimonial value. Hence, a better knowledge of the vertical deformations in heritage buildings with reinforced concrete structure is needed. In this paper, a general description of anomalies related to vertical deformations of the masonry walls and their reinforced concrete supporting elements (beam or slab support) is made. Relevant influencing factors of the wall-support basic behaviour are presented. An analysis of wall-support behaviour related to vertical deformations is carried out, based on the study of the stresses in the constituent elements of wall-support assembly (especially, masonry units, mortar joints and interface wall/support), and of their main types of deformation related with the rigidity of the reinforced concrete support of the wall, and also of the reinforced concrete element (beam or slab) confining at the top of the wall. Serviceability requirements related to the limitation of damage in infill masonry walls, through the control of the deflections of reinforced concrete supports with due consideration of the respective building heritage relevance, are discussed. Finally, general strategies for repair and rehabilitation of building infill masonry walls with anomalies related to vertical deformations of their reinforced concrete supports, as well as for strengthening of these supports, are proposed.

Gradually, some of the companies in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation (AECO) sector have been implementing the BIM (Building Information Modelling) methodology, adapting the way they work and trying to systematize procedures. BIM is based on a concept of connectivity of parametric objects with different dimensions, evolving over time and collaboratively manipulated by different agents in the different phases of the life cycle of a construction asset. Thus, it is legitimate to state that, the range of variables and the complexity of the connections, does not allow to neglect the way in which a BIM solution is implemented. Thus, it becomes evident that the implementation of BIM must be planned, and to respond to the planning needs of a given project in BIM, BIM Execution Plans (BEP) have been developed. BEP must be aligned with each phase of the project and define: i) the strategic, tactical and operational objectives; ii) the modes of collaboration between the different actors; iii) the information sharing; iv) the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders; v) the software to be used; vi) the Level of Development (LOD); vii) the Level of Information Needed; viii) the quality control procedures; ix) the composition of objects and nomenclature conventions, for a specific project and / or phase of construction project.This publication addresses the maturity of BIM and its dissemination policies, and aims to present a specific proposal for a BEP applied to structural design offices. In fact, the training of designers for these methodologies, as well as the realization of a BEP, is essential to support all company employees, and / or external, involved in each project. The realization of a BEP allows to systematize the processes involved in the project, increasing the BIM maturity level of the organization.

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The role of public transport in sustainable urban development is recognized and promoted to mitigate climate change and improve mobility. The railway infrastructure has specific constraints that lead to the need of maximizing of the availability of infrastructure, with high levels of safety and quality, associated with an optimized cost. Following EU decisions, it is urgent to carry studies to support investment projects in different areas. The use of methodologies based on cost-benefit analysis (CBA) contribute positively to support decisions. The expansion of light-rail transit (LRT) systems in recent decades is due, among numerous factors, the fact that they are non-polluting systems, benefiting the urban environment, as they are safe and reliable and, through channel segregation, guarantee fast urban routes, avoiding congestion. The LRT can be a fundamental tool in a movement to revalue the centers and may represent an important element for the urban regeneration. The analysis presented in the paper highlights the need to take advantage of the high transport capacity ensured by the railway service essentially in commuting to Lisbon in view of the existing quadruplication of the railway line between Póvoa and Lisbon, based in a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The solution presented aims to promote the most sustainable mobility patterns

The recognition of the high costs of the vulnerabilities of cities and communities due to various types of disaster risks have helped build the business case for investments improving the quality and resilience of buildings and civil engineering works. This important issue has attracted the attention of several stakeholders, including engineering professionals from different fields, scientists, standardization bodies, investors and financial institutions, regulatory agencies, user groups of several, as well as administrative services at national and regional level. This research work discusses the application of a resilience rating system to show the impacts of capital investment in building refurbishment and renewal. It highlights aspects in building renovation programs that efficiently and quickly increase their resilience in face of extreme events. The work presented builds on previous discussions on ways to measure the resilience of built assets, namely based on a rating system composed by different dimensions, several indicators, and parameters. It covers not only the building's intrinsic qualities, but also its interdependence with the community, surroundings, and users in the post-disaster context.

The resilience of buildings and civil engineering infrastructures has increasingly attracted the attention of different stakeholders, including engineering professionals from different areas, scientists, standardization bodies, investors and financial institutions, regulatory agencies, different user groups, as well as national and regional administrative services. This interest has motivated the development of methods for classifying the resilience of built assets, to identify aspects that can be improved and establish investment priorities, to increase their resilience when facing extreme events or other types of risks. The paper presents contributions to improve a system for classifying the resilience of built assets organized in dimensions, indicators and parameters that cover not only the intrinsic characteristics of buildings, but also their exposure to natural and man-made hazards, with the community and with the users. The paper specifically focuses on the resilience of public treasury buildings elementary schools in the municipality of Lisbon, some of which have been object, throughout their life cycle, of different interventions carried out within the scope of different public investment programs.

The practical implementation of the performance-based building philosophy still depends on the resolution of inconsistencies of different natures, despite being a concept that has been under discussion for several decades. It highlights the difficulties in objectively measuring expectations on the

Transport infrastructures such as roads, railways and runways are under increased traffic loading and their rehabilitation has to be performed in an efficient way, structurally and financially. In this process, monitoring of structural and functional capacity of transport infrastructures using non-destructive tests is performed in a systematic way. It is important to take the advantages of these measurements in order to plan a future rehabilitation. In this paper, four case studies of Building Information Modelling applied to transport infrastructures are presented. In case of road and airport pavements, the integration of structural capacity in the modelling was studied. Regarding the railways, a construction of a transition zone was addressed, as well as its behaviour during the first three years after entering in service. For both roads and railways, rehabilitation of existing infrastructures was modelled using BIM. In this way, it is possible to obtain a model that has information regarding the structural condition resulting from the continuous inspections. The BIM, being a relatively recent and innovative methodology, it is an important tool, with great potential when applied to transport infrastructures study. The main troubleshooting and consideration reached so far are presented herein, identifying the advantages of this approach.

The Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sector has innovated in the design and construction methods using new technologies, with emphasis on the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology. However, it is still necessary to explore how this methodology can be applied to rehabilitation, in general, and to functional rehabilitation. BIM has as its main advantage, the possibility of an accurate representation of the geometry of the elements, integrating the information in several dimensions. The use of digital models is very important, since it allows optimizing the visualization and detail of these elements and their constructive processes, being a collaborative methodology. The present work intends to frame the BIM theme in the building

The rehabilitation of buildings has been growing in the last few years, being one of the areas with greater investment by the public and private sectors. The challenge on the rehabilitation of buildings allows reducing the use of resources, trying to reduce the environmental impact and making the construction sector more efficient. The energy rehabilitation of buildings is an important aspect of building rehabilitation, assuming particular importance among this type of interventions, trying to integrate economical and rational measures. The adoption of BIM methodology is associated with project planning, cost or energy analysis of the construction and project deliveries of the building and constructed structures; as a result, nowadays there is a greater demand to adapt these tools in the early stages of existing building lifecycle. The emergence of BIM software that can combine the modeling with the energy assessments allows the designer to make more conscious, accurate and informed decisions about the projects under development. The main objective of the research study developed is to understand how the use of digital tools allows a more efficient approach in the energetic rehabilitation of a building. In this way, and considering different rehabilitation solutions, it is possible to perform an analysis of alternatives, comparing them with the base solution and thus being able to understand which are the energetic gains, as well as the optimal solution. The results will be presented making possible their comparison with real measurements and the standards reference parameters for thermal performance. The possibility of editing the thermal properties of the building materials considered allows the realization of various simulations with several combinations of possible improvements. The results obtained can be an integrant part of a cost

The use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is growing in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation (AECO) sector. BIM is an innovative methodology that enables a new approach to construction information management, based on the design of a virtual information model, and which presupposes a new paradigm in the way information exchange processes are treated among the various stakeholders throughout the asset

Over the last few decades, the architecture, engineering, construction and operation (AECO) sector did not follow the technological evolution observed in other sectors. Although there have been technological innovations, which include BIM and the Protocol for Standardization of Technical Construction Information (ProNIC

Building Information Modeling (BIM) stands out as a vector of innovation encouraging a revolution in modern Civil Engineering. This methodology congregates process, politics, and technology enabling a collaborative construction in virtual space. BIM implementation in buildings and infrastructures has been advantageous when compared to traditional process, allowing error and rework reductions as well as improving costs and time previsions. One of BIM

Nesta Nota Técnica aborda-se o tema das flechas admissíveis de elementos de betão armado de suporte de paredes de alvenaria. Analisam-se os aspetos característicos do comportamento das paredes de alvenaria e dos seus elementos de apoio, bem como algumas questões relacionadas com a fendilhação de paredes de alvenaria devida essencialmente a situações de deformabilidade excessiva dos seus elementos. São feitas considerações sobre a limitação das flechas de suporte e analisadas algumas das recomendações constantes da regulamentação nacional e internacional.

No presente estudo faz-se uma abordagem sobre o tema do movimento das fundações de edifícios, dando especial destaque aos edifícios que utilizam alvenarias no preenchimento de malhas estruturais de paredes e na execução de divisórias interiores. Referem-se as conclusões de estudos realizados por diversos autores envolvendo aspetos relacionados com a segurança e avaliação dos assentamentos admissíveis das construções. No final, descrevem-se modelos de análise do comportamento dos edifícios e a sua aplicação na determinação dos assentamentos admissíveis em edifícios com diferentes soluções construtivas.

No presente estudo faz-se uma abordagem geral sobre a problemática dos pavimentos térreos em edifícios industriais, procurando-se desenvolver aspetos essenciais sobre o solo de fundação e sua interação com o pavimento, dimensionamento e processos construtivos. O estudo pretende restringir-se fundamentalmente a pavimentos constituídos por lajes de betão fracamente armadas e localizadas no interior de edifícios industriais, embora se possa generalizar a outras situações.

O que se procura realizar no presente estudo/livro é uma reflexão prática e sistematizada sobre um extenso quadro de qualificação residencial, que harmonize sistematicamente e na medida do que se considera ser possível, a perspetiva da satisfação dos habitantes com os aspetos associados à qualificação da própria conceção arquitetónica, considerando nesta os respetivos aspetos de desenho urbano. Visam-se, assim, neste livro ideias e caminhos de investigação sobre a relação profunda que existe entre a qualidade da Habitação

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