Publications

Given the 516 Arouca pedestrian suspension bridge

The characteristic values of temperature corresponding to the maximum and minimum shade air temperature with an annual probability of being exceeded 0.02, used in the European construction standard for thermal actions (EN 1991-1-5:2003), are usually assessed at a country level and included in the National Annexes to that Eurocode part.The paper aims to support national authorities on elaborating maps for thermal actions using publicly available datasets, consistent at a European level, and harmonised modelling approaches. In addition, these datasets are continuously updated, reflecting the current climate and capturing potential global warming variations.The work investigates how updates in data and modelling could affect the characteristic values currentlyadopted in the Italian National Annexes to the Eurocodes. The main results show that: (i) the currently adoptednumber and locations of the weather stations result fairly representative of the patterns detected by exploitingadditional datasets; ii) the statistical method plays an essential role in the assessment of characteristic values, i.e., the method adopted in the current Italian standard evaluates more conservative characteristic values of maximum temperature than Gumbel or Generalized Extreme Value distributions, but could err on the unsafe side for minimum ones; (iii) both E-OBS and ERA5-Land datasets represent two optimal products to be used as a common source of temperature values at European scale; (iv) moving towards an updated period for temperature data results on an increase of characteristic values of maximum temperature and limited variations in spatial extent and magnitude of characteristic values of minimum ones.

The present work analyses the wind load effects on the 516 Arouca bridge, the world's longest pedestrian suspension bridge in 2020. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to model a range of wind incidence angles between -8

The safety and resilience of school buildings against natural disasters is of paramount importance since schools represent a reference point for communities. Such significance is not only related to the direct consequences of collapse on a vulnerable part of the population, but also due to the importance of schools in the post-disaster recovery. This work is focused on the risk and resilience assessment of school buildings in Lisbon (Portugal) under seismic events. The results of this study, in which a subset of 32 schools are analyzed, are used to define a prioritization strategy to mitigate the seismic risk of the Lisbon City Council school building portfolio and to assess the overall resilience of the school network. Numerical modeling of the school buildings is performed in order to estimate losses in terms of the built-up area of the schools and recovery times associated with different seismic scenarios, which are probabilistically defined specifically for the sites of the buildings, accounting for the local soil conditions and associated amplification effects. Based on the obtained risk estimates, which are compared to reference values established on international guidelines and specialized literature, the Lisbon City Council and LNEC jointly defined a short- and medium-term risk mitigation plan, starting with a detailed inspection and assessment of the most vulnerable school buildings and continuing to the implementation of retrofitting measures.

Procuram-se sintetizar neste artigo os principais aspetos relacionados com a avaliação e a reabilitação sísmica de edifícios existentes de alvenaria, compatibilizando a NP EN 1998-3:2017 com os respetivosAnexo C, específico para edifícios de alvenaria, e Anexo Nacional, específico para Portugal.A avaliação sísmica é um procedimento quantitativo através do qual se verifica se um edifício existente, danificado ou não, satisfaz os requisitos de desempenho, definidos por uma combinação de um estado limite com um nível de ação sísmica, através de critérios de conformidade. Neste procedimento estão envolvidos a definição da ação sísmica, a modelação da estrutura, os métodos de análise para determinação dos efeitos das ações e as verificações de segurança. São abordados os métodos de análise, dois lineares e dois nãolineares, aplicáveis a edifícios existentes de alvenaria, bem como as recomendações específicas do Anexo C e as informações complementares do Anexo Nacional.

The response of three full-scale unreinforced masonry buildings, without specific seismic detailing, as observed in shake table testing at LNEC for a seismic action representative of induced seismicity, is presented. The first building specimen simulated the upper floor and roof of the end-unit of a two-storey terraced house, built with unreinforced cavity walls, a reinforced concrete slab and a pitched timber roof. The second specimen was a replica of the roof of the first building. The third specimen represented instead a one-story detached pre-1940

A avaliação da segurança sísmica de edifícios existentes de alvenaria tem como referência os procedimentos dispostos na NP EN 1998-3:2017 (Anexo C) e o respetivo Anexo Nacional, que estabelecem os requisitos de desempenho e os critérios de conformidade para edifícios existentes sujeitos a um determinado nível de ação sísmica. No seguimento das exigências regulamentares, e à luz da verificação da segurança à ação sísmica preconizada na norma, realizaram-se análises probabilísticas de vulnerabilidade sísmica e fiabilidade estrutural a um grande conjunto de edifícios de alvenaria representativos do parque habitacional, que conduziram ao desenvolvimento de métodos expeditos para a avaliação sísmica em alternativa à verificação pelo método de referência. Os métodos propostos permitem avaliar a resistência sísmica de edifícios de alvenaria com pavimentos rígidos, sem recurso a análises numéricas e recorrendo apenas a parâmetros geométricos (Método I) ou em conjunto com as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais (Método II).

The analysis and control of deformability of wall coating mortars contributes to minimize crack development and propagation, one of the most common anomalies in building facades. Many of these cracks appear due to internal stresses in the coating mortar, because of imposed deformations or of imposed restrictions by the substrate. These deformability studies should include one or more experimental methods to determine the modulus of elasticity (E) of the coating mortars in question. There are two approaches to experimentally determine E for mortar specimens: static and dynamic experimental methodologies. For civil engineering applications, the results obtained from static methodologies are more adequate than those obtained with dynamic methodologies. However, since static E results are scarce due to a lack of an established static methodology for mortars, mainly due to their lower mechanical resistance, friable behaviour and higher frailty when compared to concrete, engineers are led to use the established dynamic methodologies. This paper proposes an experimental methodology to determine the static E for moulded mortars specimens. The methodology was adapted from the standard procedure used for concrete specimens, to accommodate the specific characteristics of mortar specimens, namely: provide reliable displacement and applied load data; solve issue related to specific mechanical characteristics of mortar specimens, such as low strength and friable behaviour. This methodology was applied to standard moulded mortar specimens made from multiple mineral binders (cement, hydraulic lime and air lime). In order to validate it, the obtained results were compared with two, well-established, dynamic experimental methodologies (Resonance Frequency and Ultrasonic methodologies) as well as with reference values from relevant bibliography. Using the previous data, this paper also includes a preliminary analysis on the ratios between static and dynamic E values for the studied mortars, representing another objective of this study.

This paper addresses the planar measurement problem in the destructive mechanical testing of masonry specimens, describing the proposed optical measurement solution. The adopted affine geometrical camera model is described as well as its experimental implementation using a digital camera and a measurement referential traceable to the International System of Units (SI). Experimental results from non-destructive tests are presented and discussed, including measurements obtained from the use of classical contact instrumentation. Measurement estimates and uncertainties related to the quantified mechanical properties are also shown.

As construções antigas fazem parte do tecido histórico das cidades, pelo que é importante proceder a intervenções de reabilitação eficientes, mas não destruidoras da sua identidade e valor cultural intrínseco. A utilização de rebocos armados apresenta-se como uma solução simples e eficaz no reforço sísmico deste tipo de construções, nos casos em que não é possível ou exigível a preservação dos revestimentos de paredes. Neste artigo, são analisadas várias composições de rebocos armados, constituídos por ligantes à base de cal aérea, cal hidráulica ou cimento, com um traço usual e com armaduras constituídas por redes metálicas, redes de fibra de vidro e uma rede de fibra natural. É analisada a capacidade resistente à tração dessesrevestimentos armados, assim como aspetos que podem influenciar a compatibilidade com os materiais existentes, apresentando-se as principais vantagens e desvantagens dos vários tipos de revestimentos.

Utilizam-se modelos estocásticos para a simulação dos movimentos sísmicos intensos do solopara construção de uma base de dados sintética de registos que se crêem representativos dosmovimentos do solo no Arquipélago dos Açores, no substrato rochoso.De modo a considerar a influência das condições locais do terreno, foram considerados: (i)perfis geotécnicos sintéticos, para cada tipo de terreno do Anexo Nacional do Eurocódigo 8, (ii)o modelo de propagação vertical de ondas S com polarização horizontal associado a umacoluna estratigráfica com interface inferior materializada por um semi-espaço elástico rochoso e(iii) o método linear equivalente para considerar de forma aproximada a resposta não linear dossolos.Tais simulações permitiram criar uma base de dados sintética de registos sísmicos à superfície,para as gamas de frequência, magnitude e distância hipocentral de interesse para aengenharia, permitindo a elaboração de equações de previsão dos movimentos do solo, paraos diferentes tipos de terreno referidos no Anexo Nacional do EC8, para o Arquipélago dosAçores.

The objective of this paper is to analyse the evolution of expected earthquake losses in Portuguese residential buildings, to determine if their natural regeneration originates the mitigation of the seismic risk, although exposure in the region increased over time. To achieve this goal, the evolution of quantified risk measures was evaluated, based on the surveys of the residential building stock obtained in the 2001 and 2011 Portuguese census. This study provides a global perspective of the seismic risk on the Portuguese mainland, and makes possible the comparison of risk levels between different regions and epochs. The comparison of economic losses obtained in these two different moments in time, took into consideration the inflation rate, and led to the conclusion that the natural regeneration of the residential housing stock contributed to the mitigation of seismic risk, even if there was a significant increase in the exposure.

In the scope of the transnational access activities of the European research project SERIES, the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) has provided access to its 3-D shaking table to the international construction company Wienerberger AG and to a group of European experts, in order to perform full-scale seismic tests on an industrial solution for buildings using a modern unreinforced thermal insulation clay block masonry structure.Such solution represents a very common construction method in Central Europe and, although there are cyclic shear test results available, its effective dynamic response under seismic events still requires experimental validation. For this purpose, two full-scale mock-ups with different geometries were tested on the 3-D shaking table using a series of seismic records with increasing intensity.This paper focuses on the most relevant experimental results regarding the structural response of the specimens, e.g., the dynamic response evolution, the collapse mechanism identified and the maximum drift values measured. The paper closes with the main conclusions drawn and with proposals for future developments.

A avaliação dos movimentos sísmicos à superfície, contemplando os efeitos de sítio, estádependente das caraterísticas geológicas dos terrenos no local em análise.Para o Arquipélago dos Açores a informação geotécnica disponível não permite umaavaliação geograficamente global da resposta sísmica dos terrenos caraterísticos destaregião.Assim, após levantamento e síntese de toda a informação disponível, foram idealizadosperfis estratigráficos sintéticos, representativos da variabilidade dos solos da região,permitindo posteriormente modelar a propagação da energia sísmica, materializada naforma de ondas de corte S, através de um meio estratificado representado por umasequência de camadas, e consequentemente, avaliar a alteração do movimento sísmicodevido à influência daquela.

A simulação estocástica tem sido utilizada, com algum grau de sucesso, para a obtenção deacelerogramas em zonas onde não existem muitos registos instrumentais de sismosintensos ocorridos no passado, e pode ser uma ferramenta importante nesse contexto.Contudo, essas simulações deverão, necessariamente, ser previamente validadas atravésde registos de sismos ocorridos no passado, dada a grande incerteza associada à definiçãode cenários sísmicos. É muito difícil prever qualquer um dos processos, complexos, degeração do sismo, de propagação da energia e dos efeitos locais, nomeadamente ascaracterísticas da rotura, designadamente o padrão de deslizamentos e a queda de tensãomédia no plano da falha, a atenuação das ondas sísmicas ao longo do percurso depropagação e a obtenção da amplificação local das camadas de solo superficial.Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados de diversas simulações estocásticas dosismo ocorrido nos Açores em 1998, considerando diferentes localizações da rotura,juntamente com os respetivos parâmetros, variação das características da atenuação ediferentes condições geológicas locais. Os acelerogramas simulados, e correspondentesespectros de resposta, foram comparados com os registos instrumentais do sismo, e com osresultados de leis de atenuação obtidas para a Europa e, em particular, para o arquipélagodos Açores.

Earth has been a traditional building material to construct houses in Africa. One of the most common techniques is the use of sun dried or kiln fired adobe bricks with mud mortar. Although this technique is low-cost, the bricks vary largely in shape, strength and durability. This leads to weak houses which suffer considerable damage during floods and seismic events. A solution is the use of dry-stack masonry with stabilized interlocking compressed earth blocks (ICEB). These blocks are manufactured by compacting cement stabilized earth in a manual or hydraulic press into a mould and then air dried. The resulting blocks present uniform shapes and higher values of strength and durability. This work presents the work made in the context of the HiLoTec project. It focuses on the experimental campaign of the project to characterize the strength of ICEBs and the behaviour of dry-stack masonry.

No âmbito do projeto HiLoTec (desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia construtiva simples, inovadora e sustentável para edifícios de pequeno porte em países em desenvolvimento) foi desenvolvido um sistema construtivo baseado na utilização de blocos de terra compactada com estabilização hidráulica e junta seca. O presente artigo apresenta os principais resultados do ponto de vista estrutural obtidos ao longo do projeto, com especial ênfase para o comportamento sísmico, lançando contribuições para a resposta à pergunta se se poderão os blocos de terra compactada com estabilização fazer um sistema sismo-resistente para construções de pequeno porte. A campanha experimental incluiu ensaios de caracterização do sistema a diferentes níveis: material (solo), bloco, prismas de alvenaria, paredes de alvenaria e um protótipo ensaiado na mesa sísmica no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, em Lisboa.

A simulação de movimentos intensos do solo torna-se necessária em regiões de sismicidademoderada, onde os registos de interesse para a engenharia são escassos e insuficientes, oupara estudos que exijam especificamente registos de uma determinada magnitude edistância de interesse. O modelo estocástico, partindo do conhecimento das característicasespetrais da fonte e considerando os efeitos de propagação das ondas sísmicas no percursodesde a fonte até ao local, estima os movimentos intensos do solo em termos da suaintensidade, conteúdo em frequência duração e variabilidade espacial.Neste trabalho apresenta-se o procedimento efectuado, com base nos registos obtidos narede acelerográfica nacional, para quantificação dos parâmetros que descrevem osprocessos envolvidos na geração de movimentos intensos do solo e que são necessáriospara a aplicação do modelo estocástico. Estuda-se o processo de propagação das ondassísmicas (atenuação geométrica e inelástica), o processo de atenuação na crusta superior edeterminam-se as caraterísticas espetrais da fonte sísmica.

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures with tri-dimensional asymmetries tend to exhibit torsional effects that are of great concern in the field of earthquake engineering, in particular at large ductility levels where they become more relevant [MAN09]. In nuclear facilities, this issue assumes particular relevance considering that these structures are designed to respond essentially in the elastic range with a controlled level of deformations and accelerations when subjected to strong ground motions. Within the previous framework, the research project SMART 2013 (

Conservation of ancient built heritage plays a leading role for modern societies. Knowledge about ancient building methods, essentially based on the use of natural materials such as earth, stone and wood, is fundamental to plan interventions aimed at preserving the architectural heritage. Due to the growing research on sustainable technologies, the interest in structural systems built using natural materials has been rising more and more. Taking an earthen mock-up construction as model, the paper focuses on the dynamic behaviour of such a system tested on a shaking table. Detailed descriptions of the model, its mechanical features, the seismic test performed and the damage pattern obtained are first presented. Then, the dynamic identification of the structure during damage occurrence is performed through the decomposition of the power spectral density matrix. Damage evolution and localization are also analyzed by an index based on the complex eigenvectors estimated from the matrix. Finally, comparisons between experimental and analytical results are addressed.

This book presents a selection of the best papers from the HEaRT 2015 conference, held in Lisbon, Portugal, which provided a valuable forum for engineers and architects, researchers and educators to exchange views and findings concerning the technological history, construction features and seismic behavior of historical timber-framed walls in the Mediterranean countries. The topics covered are wide ranging and include historical aspects and examples of the use of timber-framed construction systems in response to earthquakes, such as the gaiola system in Portugal and the Bourbon system in southern Italy; interpretation of the response of timber-framed walls to seismic actions based on calculations and experimental tests; assessment of the effectiveness of repair and strengthening techniques, e.g., using aramid fiber wires or sheets; and modelling analyses. In addition, on the basis of case studies, a methodology is presented that is applicable to diagnosis, strengthening and improvement of seismic performance and is compatible with modern theoretical principles and conservation criteria. It is hoped that, by contributing to the knowledge of this construction technique, the book will help to promote conservation of this important component of Europe

The applications of discrete elements models based on rigid block formulations to the analysis of masonry walls under horizontal out-of-plane loading is simplified block pattern are addressed. Two procedures for creating irregular block systems are presented, one using Voronoi polygons, the other based on a bed and cross joint structure with random deviations. A test problem provides a comparison of various regular and random block patterns, showing their influence on the failure loads. The estimation of manual frequencies of rigid block models, and its application to static pushover analyses, is addressed. An example of application of rigid block model to wall capacity problem is presented.

The overall aim of Sub-Project 10 (Earthquake disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling for urban areas) has been to create a tool, based on state-of-the-art loss modelling software, to provide strong, quantified statements about the benefits of a range of possible mitigation actions, in order to support decision-making by urban authorities for seismic risk mitigation strategies. A further larger aim has been to contribute to a seismic risk mitigation policy for future implementation at European level. Among the European cities for which loss estimation studies have been carried out are Istanbul, Lisbon and Thessaloniki, and tools, using GIS mapping, have been developed by research teams in each of these cities; these were made available for further development to examine mitigation strategies within SP10. Related research studies

Much work in Earthquake Engineering was devoted to the improvement of earthquake resistant design of new structures. One European result is EN 1998, which will be in several years the main seismic code for all European countries. But it is well known, that older existing structures cause in many large earthquakes much more casualties and damages than new structures. It is certainly not possible to retrofit all existing structures, but agreement exists, that assessment and retrofit of safety - critical - structures and lifeline structures must have priority. In September 2004 the European Integrated Research Project LESSLOSS on Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides was started. The project will run for three years and comprises 13 Sub-Projects (SP´s). The consortium consists of 46 partners (see http:\\www.lessloss.org). LESSLOSS SP5 is on In-situ Assessment, Monitoring and Typification of buildings and Infrastructure. The project partners of SP5 are ARS, CESI, LNEC, RWTH and VCE. This Sub Project focuses mainly on the assessment of important existing structures and tries to integrate experimental methods into the assessment procedure. The progress of SP5 obtained in the first year is summarized in this paper. Highlights presented by all partners are mentioned and the assessment of Hospital Innsbruck is presented in more detail. The most innovative task of LESSLOSS/ SP5 is Update of vulnerability estimates via monitoring, which was also started in the first year.

In order to study the behavior of bridge structures in relation to traffic, wind and seismic loads, it is extremely important to know their actual dynamic properties (natural frequencies, vibration mode shapes and damping). The experimentally identified dynamic properties of bridge structures are also an effective way to characterize their actual global structural behavior. Whether included in the reception load tests of recently built bridges, before they are opened to the traffic, or as part of the inspection works of bridges already in service, LNEC has performed modal analysis studies based on the results of ambient vibration tests. Some of the studies carried out recently in important bridges are reported in this paper.

O sismo de Northridge ocorreu na parte norte da área metropolitana de Los Angeles, Califórnia, às 4:31 h do dia 17 de janeiro, uma segunda-feira coincidente com dia de feriado nacional, tendo atingindo uma magnitude de 6.6 na escala de Richter. O número total de vítimas mortais cifra-se em 57, havendo para cima de 8 000 feridos e 20 000 desalojados.As estimativas de perdas totais, feitas em meados de fevereiro de 1994, apontavam para valores de 15 biliões de US dólares, tendo o Estado da Califórnia apresentado um impacto económico total de ordem dos 30 biliões de dólares, perto do valor do Orçamento Geral do estado Português para 1994. Os prejuízos infligidos na indústria e no comércio são também surpreendentemente elevados, exigindo longos períodos de interrupção das atividades económicas.

Communicating science within disaster risk reduction using methods that encourage two-way dialogue between scientists and laypersons is a challenging task. This paper aims at presenting a methodological strategy of communicating risk and non-structural seismic protection measures through participatory approach. Such methodological strategy is part of a pilot experience of risk communication in two schools in Lisbon (Portugal) under the EU project KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements). The efficacy of education for seismic safety is often inhibited by an incomplete understanding of the process by which individuals decide to protect themselves from harm (Becker JS, Paton D,Johnston DM, Ronan KR. Nat Hazards 64(1):107

Most of the Lisbon 18th century timber-framed masonry

Good performance of non-structural elements can be decisive in saving lives and costs when an earthquake strikes. The European project KnowRISK aims to educate and encourage households to take the necessary precautionary measures to protect people, houses, and contents. Preparedness and prevention act on community resilience. Within the KnowRISK project, the idea of a Practical Guide has been conceived suggesting seismic mitigation solutions for non-structural components to non-experts stakeholders. It is intended to guide people into the first steps of prevention in a straightforward manner, minimizing or avoiding injuries, damage, and long-term financial consequences. The novelty of the Guide belongs to his philosophy: a path through increasing challenges corresponds to a growing level of safety. The idea is that anyone can mitigate seismic risk in its own environment by adopting simple and low cost measures. The Practical Guide may contribute to increase risk awareness. This kind of initiatives if undertaken at larger scales may also enhance social resilience.

When one of the dimensions of a structural member is not clearly larger than the two orthogonal ones, engineers are usually compelled to simulate it with refined meshes of shell or solid finite elements that typically impose a large computational burden. The alternative use of classical beam theories, either based on Euler-Bernoulli or Timoshenko

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This text reflects the first of the four lectures that the author has presented at Udine, Italy, at CISM

Um dos principais problemas e interesses da engenharia sísmica é a caracterizaçãoda acção sísmica, envolvendo a estimativa da intensidade, conteúdo em frequência,duração e variabilidade espacial dos movimentos intensos do solo mais gravosos, emtermos dos seus efeitos nas estruturas, que pode ocorrer num local.O presente trabalho de investigação desenvolve e aplica a metodologia estocástica etécnicas de modelação de fonte

Os sismos são encarados frequentemente como desastres naturais inevitáveis. Todavia,deveriam ser considerados fenómenos naturais, cujos efeitos adversos podem ser minimizadoscaso se proceda a uma gestão efectiva do risco sísmico.O objectivo principal do presente trabalho de investigação é o de avaliar o risco sísmicoem Portugal Continental.Sendo um tema de natureza multidisciplinar, apresentam-se e discutem-se modelos deavaliação probabilística da perigosidade sísmica e sua desagregação, de vulnerabilidade efragilidade sísmicas de tipologias construtivas, de danos e de perdas económicas e humanas.Aplica-se a análise probabilística da perigosidade sísmica, e sua desagregação, aPortugal Continental, obtendo-se cenários modais capazes de reproduzir os níveis deperigosidade que os condicionam. Apresenta-se o inventário do parque habitacional e seushabitantes, descriminado por factores de vulnerabilidade, e classifica-se a sua vulnerabilidadesegundo os modelos de dano. Procede-se à actualização e aferição de uma metodologia parasimulação de cenários sísmicos, integrada num Sistema de Informação Geográfico. Avalia-seo risco sísmico, seguindo diversas abordagens, comparando-se os resultados com o risco deoutros países.Construiu-se assim uma ferramenta de avaliação de perdas devidas a sismos, queconstitui uma primeira contribuição para o desenvolvimento de um processo de gestão dorisco sísmico aplicado ao Continente Português.

O parque habitacional de Portugal Continental contém algumas tipologias construtivas deelevada vulnerabilidade sísmica em relação às quais urge actuar no sentido de reduzir o riscosísmico a elas associado. No projecto de investigação

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This report addresses the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) participation in Subproject 10 Earthquake disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling for urban areas. More precisely this report was developed in order to accomplish the 24 months LESSLOSS deliverable nº 85, which achieves loss estimates for the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon (MAL), for pre-defined scenarios earthquake. These loss estimations represent the reference situation to be compared with revised loss estimates after implementing mitigation actions with the ultimate goal of being established, in the next deliverable, the

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The present report describes the construction of a model in limestone masonry for the user Group 3 oh the ECOLEADER Project, led by IRIDEX Construction Group, and the first phase of the experimental program developed in LNEC. The description of the construction, a photographic report and the results obtained on the characteristics tests made on the mortars used in the construction are presented.The construction was carried out by contractor José dos Santos Paixão on the basics of model details and materials specifications proposed by the User group 3, being NESDE/LNEC responsible for the guidance and supervision of the works.

This report describes the first phase activity of the Portuguese group in the Precast Structures EC8 research projet. The Portuguese group is composed by Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) and the Civibral, S.A. Precast Company.In this phase, seismic test were made in the LNEC

The present report addresses the first twelve months of LNEC participation in LESSLOSS

The dynamics of rigid bodies was studies by long time, because this phenomenon is important in the seismic security of some types of structures. However, there are few experimental studies. This job shows the experimental test carried out at the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) of Portugal. Four blue granites stones were tested, each one with different geometrical characteristics, under harmonic and random motions.A numerical simulation was carried out with the Discrete Element Method (DEM). This method has shown to be a good tool in the study of the dynamics of rigid bodies. It was proposed a new methodology to find the parameters of the DEM by using the parameters of classical theory.

The project LESSLOSS

Análise dos registos históricos de eventos climáticos e o seu impacto no setor da energia da AML, para identificar o grau em que este setor foi afetado por estímulos relacionados com o clima. Avaliação de capacidades adaptativas.

Análise da forma das edificações nas ações do vento

As condicionantes arquitetónicas e de urbanização na ventilação natural

Caracterização do vento. Ações sobre estruturas. Ensaios em túnel de vento