Publications

Knowledge of forces due to the action of waves on submarine outfalls composed by a pipe and stabilizing concrete weights, considering the wave propagation direction to the outfalls, is essential to their design. 3D numerical models based on RANS-VoF (Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes Volume-of-Fluid) are able to estimate forces on the pipe and weights. The present study aims to simulate a submarine outfall with stabilizing concrete weights at 1:15 scale which was previously tested in the 3D Shallow Water Basin at the Danish Hydraulics Institute (DHI) to analyse the influence of the direction of the incident wave and the distance from the pipe to the bottom on the outfall forces. In this study, numerical results are compared with experimental ones for waves with four different amplitudes and with wave incidence perpendicular to the outfall. The use of k-

The aim of this paper is the experimental characterization of the capture width ratio (CWR) and response amplitude operator (RAO) of a 1:10 physical model of an oscillating wave surge converter (OWSC), under unidirectional regular and irregular waves. The effects of hydraulic power take-off (PTO) system are explicitly taken in consideration. A mathematical model is proposed to describe the PTO damping as a function of the angular velocity of the flap. The harmonic decomposition of free-surface elevation, angular velocity of the flap and pressure in the PTO system demonstrates that these signals are dominated by their linear component. However, the signals also present some important higher-order frequency components. To predict the CWR of the OWSC under irregular waves the nonlinear output frequency response functions are considered as the extension of the RAO to the nonlinear case. It is shown and discussed that the PTO system, wave frequency and height have a significant influence on the CWR and RAO. The RAO curve for irregular waves does not exhibit a well-defined peak, showing a limited variation in a broadband. A weak correlation between CWR and RAO was found, i.e., the maximum CWR does not occur for the maximum value of RAO.

Fluid-dynamic interference among cylindrical structures in arrays, frequently used in engineering, is of fundamental and practical interests since it may considerably change fluid-structure interactions and produce large fluctuating forces on structures that cause vibrations, lock-in and important motions. This paper aims to study the mutual interference between two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement, which is considered the simplest configuration of one array cylinders, elastically mounted in transversal direction and subject to a bi-dimensional uniform laminar flow at low Reynolds numbers. Both cylinders have the same diameter D and the center-to-center spacing is equal to L = 5.25D which corresponds to co-shedding regime. The academic numerical model Ifeinco, which is based on the finite element method and uses a partitioned scheme that considers two-way interaction of fluid flow and structure, has been employed to the analysis. Combinations of upstream and downstream stationary and elastically mounted cylinders are investigated for Reynolds number range from 90 to 140. Differences of flow behaviors drag and lift forces and resonance between single cylinder and cylinders in tandem arrangement were found. Mutual and respective influence of upstream cylinder motion on the downstream cylinder and vice-versa are analyzed. Results show that, in some engineering studies, the consideration of the flexibility of cylindrical structures in arrays is fundamental since it influences significantly the interference between cylinders, mainly the magnitude and direction of forces and characteristics of the resonance range, and, consequently, structural and dynamical behaviors.

This paper describes a programme under the responsibility of the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Portugal for the systematic observation and monitoring of maritime works, termed OSOM+, which has been applied to an extensive number of maritime structures on the Portuguese mainland coast and abroad. The OSOM+ programme comprises the following four main components for each structure: a) Periodic visual inspections by a trained technician; b) Periodic aerial inspections using a UAV/drone; c) The ANOSOM-GIS database, to store and/or query obtained information, as well as to diagnose present, evolution and risk conditions; and d) A mobile, portable, application, for real-time input and visualization of the ANOSOM-GIS database information.This recently updated methodology encompasses a number of tools whose functionalities are illustrated in this paper with an application to a case study: the Ericeira

This paper describes a methodology to determine the optimal size of a Wells turbine to be used in an OWC device taking into account hydro-aerodynamic coupling, performance curves of the turbine and air pressure control by a relief valve. The proposed model, named turbine diameter optimization (TDO) model, considers the movement of the water surface inside the OWC chamber as a piston movement in response to the hydrodynamic forces from the incoming waves. The aerodynamic is based on the first law of thermodynamics applied to the air column of the chamber. The power-pressure curve of the turbine and the air pressure control by relief valve are implemented in the model to determine the turbine power output for several regular incident waves. The TDO model is initially calibrated by a numerical model based on Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for each wave component of an expected sea state distribution. Thereafter, the power output generated by turbines of several sizes is calculated with lower computational cost (few minutes) in comparison with RANS based models (thousands of hours) in a personal computer. This developed methodology is an important support to the process of turbine sizing for an OWC device for an expected sea state distribution.

This paper describes the preliminary developments of an innovative integrated tool for the numerical modelling of oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters (WEC) integrated in vertical breakwaters. The main purpose of the tool is the numerical modelling of wave propagation from offshore to nearshore, wave-structure interaction, and the complex nonlinear hydrodynamic and aerodynamic phenomena that occur in OWC-WECs.The tool development and validation were supported by experimental data from physical model tests carried out in a wave flume at the Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC). Prototype data were also available for the Pico OWC-WEC in the Azores, Portugal, monitored by the Portuguese Wave Energy Centre since 2005. Application of the tool for sea-wave characterization at the Azores archipelago and calculation of the corresponding wave power for a period of 10 years at various points around each island show that, in winter, there is good availability of wave energy in most quadrants of each island. In summer, the resource exploitation is only worthwhile on the north-west coasts of the islands. Physical and numerical modelling results for an OWC with a fully open chamber show good agreement between experimental data and numerical values for several incident wave conditions. The analysed results include the time series of the free-surface elevation at different locations, the time series of the mean free surface inside the water chamber, the amplification factors, the phase angles and the velocity vectors at the highest and the lowest positions of the mean free surface inside the chamber. The tool showed its potential to be useful in supporting ocean and coastal engineering projects due to its capacity to effectively reproduce the main phenomena involved in these types of studies.

Joint statistical models for long-term wave climate are a key aspect of offshore wind engineering design. However, to find a joint model for sea-state characteristics is often difficult due to the complex nature of the wave climate and the physical constraints of seastates phenomena. The available records of wave heights and periods are often very asymmetric in their nature. This article presents a copula-based approach to obtain the joint cumulative distribution function of the significant wave heights and the up-crossing mean period. This study is based on 124-month hindcast data concerning Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm. The extra-parametrization technique of symmetric copulas is implemented to account for the asymmetry present in the data. The analysis of the total sea, the wind-sea and primary swell components is performed separately. The results show that the extra-parametrization technique with pairwise copulas consistently provided a better goodness-of-fit when compared to symmetric copulas. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the separation of the total sea into its components does not always improve the extra-parametrized copula

This paper analyses the hydrodynamic interaction between two ships, one stationary and the other navigating nearby, using physical and numerical modelling. The passing ship is a self-propelled scale model of the

Encontra-se em curso a empreitada da 3.ª Fase de ampliação do Molhe Leste do Porto de Sines em 750 m, a qual irá conferir a esta estrutura um comprimento total de 2250 m. Esta empreitada tem por intuito permitir alargar a bacia portuária abrigada que se encontra dedicada ao Terminal de Contentores de Sines (Terminal XXI), de molde a permitir (i) garantir condições adequadas de abrigo à agitação marítima dos novos postos de acostagem do Terminal ainda não construídos, (ii) proporcionar melhores condições de manobras de acesso e rotação dos navios de maiores dimensões, (iii) incrementar a operacionalidade do posto já existente, cujas taxas de utilização têm vindo a crescer, e (iv) não condicionar a expansão do porto para sul.

Wave-induced flooding represents a threat and sea-level risk will exacerbate the problem.

Disaster risk reduction are crucial to minimize the loss of lives and livelihoods, and to enhance community resilience and preparedness to extreme climate-related events.

Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o modelo numérico SWASH para avaliar os volumes galgados em ondas individuais no quebra-mar da Ericeira. Começa-se por definir o valor do coeficiente de Manning a utilizar no talude do quebra-mar, para simular perda de energia provocada pela rugosidade e pela percolação no processo do galgamento, comparando o volume galgado previsto pelo modelo numérico com os valores medidos nos ensaios com modelo físico realizados no LNEC, para um dado estado de agitação. Depois, para ondas selecionadas do mesmo estado de agitação verifica-se se o modelo numérico fornece valores semelhantes aos do mesmo modelo físico.

This paper presents a safety system for maneuvering and moored ships at the Port of Sines developed in the scope of the BlueSafePort project. The system is described in terms of its development and architecture, the functioning of its numerical models, the data flow and processing and the risk assessment used to issue alerts. The web platform and the mobile application where the relevant results to assess the referred risks are disseminated are also presented. The system provides 3-day advance forecasts of sea agitation, wind and tide conditions, as well as ship motions, identifying situations that could have serious consequences for ships maneuvering or moored inside the port. The system issues alerts associated with risk levels based on safety and operability criteria for ships' motions and forces in their mooring systems.

No âmbito do projeto das

Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados da comparação entre três metodologias para obtenção de modelos tridimensionais de superfície, aplicadas à situação específica do modelo físico 3D do prolongamento do molhe leste do porto de Sines: são elas as aqui designadas técnicas

Due to its extensive coastal zone, Portugal owns many related maritime structures, the most common of whichare breakwaters that usually protect man-made harbours.These maritime structures, especially rubble-mound breakwaters, are assumed to be at risk in the design proccess, due to the load they can withstand. Therefore, at some point in the life of the marine structure, repairs willbe required, and monitoring programs are deemed of paramount importance in assessing damage evolution ofsuch structures.The use of an UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), or drone, has enriched ongoing LNEC

Entre 2016 e 2020 foram realizados os Estudos e Projetos e Estudos de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) dos projetos do Prolongamento do Quebra-mar Exterior e das Acessibilidades Marítimas do Porto de Leixões, os quais envolveram ensaios em modelo físico reduzido realizados no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) entre outubro 2016 e abril 2017, encontrando-se atualmente em curso a respetiva empreitada de construção. Os estudos, projetos e ensaios bi e tridimensionais em modelo reduzido do Prolongamento do Quebra-mar Exterior em cerca de 300 m, destacam-se essencialmente por se tratar de um quebra-mar sujeito a um regime de agitação consideravelmente severo e por envolver o uso de blocos de betão de alta densidade (peso especifico de 27,2 kN/m3 a 32 kN/m3 ) do tipo Antifer, cujo comportamento idráulico e estrutural, apesar da experiência adquirida na utilização deste tipo de blocos no Molhe Sul da Barra do Rio Douro (também com betão com peso especifico de 32 kN/m3) e no Molhe Leste de Sines (peso especifico de 25,4 kN/m3 a 30,8 kN/m3), ainda se reveste de alguma complexidade. No âmbito destes estudos realizou-se inicialmente o Estudo Prévio (EP), com base no qual se realizaram os ensaios bi e tridimensionais, e em simultâneo com estes últimos, realizou-se o Projeto de Execução (PE). Neste, e com o objetivo de aumentar a segurança da estrutura, adotaram-se generalizadamente blocos de maior peso do que os ensaiados. Pretende-se com esta comunicação destacar as particularidades da adoção de blocos

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