Publications

Knowledge of forces due to the action of waves on submarine outfalls composed by a pipe and stabilizing concrete weights, considering the wave propagation direction to the outfalls, is essential to their design. 3D numerical models based on RANS-VoF (Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes Volume-of-Fluid) are able to estimate forces on the pipe and weights. The present study aims to simulate a submarine outfall with stabilizing concrete weights at 1:15 scale which was previously tested in the 3D Shallow Water Basin at the Danish Hydraulics Institute (DHI) to analyse the influence of the direction of the incident wave and the distance from the pipe to the bottom on the outfall forces. In this study, numerical results are compared with experimental ones for waves with four different amplitudes and with wave incidence perpendicular to the outfall. The use of k-

The aim of this paper is the experimental characterization of the capture width ratio (CWR) and response amplitude operator (RAO) of a 1:10 physical model of an oscillating wave surge converter (OWSC), under unidirectional regular and irregular waves. The effects of hydraulic power take-off (PTO) system are explicitly taken in consideration. A mathematical model is proposed to describe the PTO damping as a function of the angular velocity of the flap. The harmonic decomposition of free-surface elevation, angular velocity of the flap and pressure in the PTO system demonstrates that these signals are dominated by their linear component. However, the signals also present some important higher-order frequency components. To predict the CWR of the OWSC under irregular waves the nonlinear output frequency response functions are considered as the extension of the RAO to the nonlinear case. It is shown and discussed that the PTO system, wave frequency and height have a significant influence on the CWR and RAO. The RAO curve for irregular waves does not exhibit a well-defined peak, showing a limited variation in a broadband. A weak correlation between CWR and RAO was found, i.e., the maximum CWR does not occur for the maximum value of RAO.

Fluid-dynamic interference among cylindrical structures in arrays, frequently used in engineering, is of fundamental and practical interests since it may considerably change fluid-structure interactions and produce large fluctuating forces on structures that cause vibrations, lock-in and important motions. This paper aims to study the mutual interference between two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement, which is considered the simplest configuration of one array cylinders, elastically mounted in transversal direction and subject to a bi-dimensional uniform laminar flow at low Reynolds numbers. Both cylinders have the same diameter D and the center-to-center spacing is equal to L = 5.25D which corresponds to co-shedding regime. The academic numerical model Ifeinco, which is based on the finite element method and uses a partitioned scheme that considers two-way interaction of fluid flow and structure, has been employed to the analysis. Combinations of upstream and downstream stationary and elastically mounted cylinders are investigated for Reynolds number range from 90 to 140. Differences of flow behaviors drag and lift forces and resonance between single cylinder and cylinders in tandem arrangement were found. Mutual and respective influence of upstream cylinder motion on the downstream cylinder and vice-versa are analyzed. Results show that, in some engineering studies, the consideration of the flexibility of cylindrical structures in arrays is fundamental since it influences significantly the interference between cylinders, mainly the magnitude and direction of forces and characteristics of the resonance range, and, consequently, structural and dynamical behaviors.

This paper describes a programme under the responsibility of the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Portugal for the systematic observation and monitoring of maritime works, termed OSOM+, which has been applied to an extensive number of maritime structures on the Portuguese mainland coast and abroad. The OSOM+ programme comprises the following four main components for each structure: a) Periodic visual inspections by a trained technician; b) Periodic aerial inspections using a UAV/drone; c) The ANOSOM-GIS database, to store and/or query obtained information, as well as to diagnose present, evolution and risk conditions; and d) A mobile, portable, application, for real-time input and visualization of the ANOSOM-GIS database information.This recently updated methodology encompasses a number of tools whose functionalities are illustrated in this paper with an application to a case study: the Ericeira

This paper describes a methodology to determine the optimal size of a Wells turbine to be used in an OWC device taking into account hydro-aerodynamic coupling, performance curves of the turbine and air pressure control by a relief valve. The proposed model, named turbine diameter optimization (TDO) model, considers the movement of the water surface inside the OWC chamber as a piston movement in response to the hydrodynamic forces from the incoming waves. The aerodynamic is based on the first law of thermodynamics applied to the air column of the chamber. The power-pressure curve of the turbine and the air pressure control by relief valve are implemented in the model to determine the turbine power output for several regular incident waves. The TDO model is initially calibrated by a numerical model based on Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for each wave component of an expected sea state distribution. Thereafter, the power output generated by turbines of several sizes is calculated with lower computational cost (few minutes) in comparison with RANS based models (thousands of hours) in a personal computer. This developed methodology is an important support to the process of turbine sizing for an OWC device for an expected sea state distribution.

This paper describes the preliminary developments of an innovative integrated tool for the numerical modelling of oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters (WEC) integrated in vertical breakwaters. The main purpose of the tool is the numerical modelling of wave propagation from offshore to nearshore, wave-structure interaction, and the complex nonlinear hydrodynamic and aerodynamic phenomena that occur in OWC-WECs.The tool development and validation were supported by experimental data from physical model tests carried out in a wave flume at the Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC). Prototype data were also available for the Pico OWC-WEC in the Azores, Portugal, monitored by the Portuguese Wave Energy Centre since 2005. Application of the tool for sea-wave characterization at the Azores archipelago and calculation of the corresponding wave power for a period of 10 years at various points around each island show that, in winter, there is good availability of wave energy in most quadrants of each island. In summer, the resource exploitation is only worthwhile on the north-west coasts of the islands. Physical and numerical modelling results for an OWC with a fully open chamber show good agreement between experimental data and numerical values for several incident wave conditions. The analysed results include the time series of the free-surface elevation at different locations, the time series of the mean free surface inside the water chamber, the amplification factors, the phase angles and the velocity vectors at the highest and the lowest positions of the mean free surface inside the chamber. The tool showed its potential to be useful in supporting ocean and coastal engineering projects due to its capacity to effectively reproduce the main phenomena involved in these types of studies.

Joint statistical models for long-term wave climate are a key aspect of offshore wind engineering design. However, to find a joint model for sea-state characteristics is often difficult due to the complex nature of the wave climate and the physical constraints of seastates phenomena. The available records of wave heights and periods are often very asymmetric in their nature. This article presents a copula-based approach to obtain the joint cumulative distribution function of the significant wave heights and the up-crossing mean period. This study is based on 124-month hindcast data concerning Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm. The extra-parametrization technique of symmetric copulas is implemented to account for the asymmetry present in the data. The analysis of the total sea, the wind-sea and primary swell components is performed separately. The results show that the extra-parametrization technique with pairwise copulas consistently provided a better goodness-of-fit when compared to symmetric copulas. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the separation of the total sea into its components does not always improve the extra-parametrized copula

This paper analyses the hydrodynamic interaction between two ships, one stationary and the other navigating nearby, using physical and numerical modelling. The passing ship is a self-propelled scale model of the

An aerial monitoring system was developed for the maritime structures protecting the foundation columns of the airport infrastructure of the Madeira Island Airport, in the scope of research project MEGE, to complement the already existing monitoring program of visual observations. For the aerial monitoring of the berm breakwater, with about 770 m in length, a fast data acquisition system was envisaged. Imaging techniques acquired through a high-resolution camera coupled to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used, which allowed for a very fast and efficient automated procedure, compatible with the difficult accessibility to the structure on the seaside. Point clouds corresponding to the breakwater geometry were obtained from the set of aerial images from the camera on board of the UAV, using photogrammetric techniques. In this paper, the two complementary parts of the monitoring of this structure are described and corresponding results are shown.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of ships on fenders during the berthing process. Physical tests and numerical simulations with MOORNAV tool were performed with versions of the GulfStream ship in still water and under a set of different conditions. A comparative analysis was made between outputs of the two models considering specific conditions. The MOORNAV application resulted in a standard deviation from the physical model of 3% to 6% in relation to the maximum force exerted on each fender.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of ships on fenders during the berthing process. Physical tests and numerical simulations with MOORNAV tool were performed with versions of the GulfStream ship in still water and under a set of different conditions. A comparative analysis was made between outputs of the two models considering specific conditions. The MOORNAV application resulted in a standard deviation from the physical model of 3% to 6% in relation to the maximum force exerted on each fender.

Neste trabalho, descreve-se a aplicação do programa OSOM+ às obras marítimas do Porto de Sines, em especial ao quebra-mar oeste. Assim, serão apresentados resultados de comparação entre as situações observadas em 2018 e 2020 no âmbito de inspeções visuais e com drone, mediante apreciação e análise de fotografias georreferenciadas, ortomosaicos, nuvens de pontos, modelos numéricos de superfície e perfis selecionados. É também ilustrada a forma como a aplicação e base de dados ANOSOM-WEB pode ser empregue quer durante as campanhas de observação, quer em gabinete. Conclui-se este trabalho com a apresentação das vantagens da recente atualização da metodologia e do que se julga ser a sua importância na tomada de decisões sobre a necessidade ou não de realizar obras de manutenção e/ou reparação nestas estruturas, ou similares.

Os mapas de risco costeiro, integrados em modelos de risco, são excelentes ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisão no âmbito da gestão e proteção costeira em situações normais e de emergência [1], ajudando aproteger as populações e infraestruturas em risco de inundação costeira e galgamento oceânico proteger as populações e infraestruturas em risco de inundação costeira e galgamento oceânico.

SAFEPORT safety system aims at forecasting and alerting, on a regular basis, emergency situations regarding ships operation in port areas caused by extreme weather-oceanographic conditions. It uses forecasts provided offshore of the area under study of sea agitation, wind and tide. The characterization of the response of the free and moored ships at a berth is performed using the numerical package SWAMS. The system issue alerts, through danger levels associated with risk levels of exceedance of recommended values for movements and forces imposed on ship mooring systems. SAFEPORT can be adapted to any port. So far, it has been developed and adapted to three terminals of the port of Sines, where three different ships were simulated. This paper presents the developments made to date of the safety system, which includes tests performed in storm situations. The numerical models run every day, in real-time mode, in a computer cluster and the system provide forecast results for the next 72 hours. The results are disseminated on a web page and a mobile application in a variety of formats. It was concluded that the SAFEPORT safety system issued alerts according to the observed reality during the storm Dora. It has also been shown to be a computer tool for the optimization of ship mooring systems. The system is currently in testing and validation phase therefore, forecasts should be interpreted as indicative.

A autoridade portuária do arquipélago dos Açores, Portos dos Açores, SA, identificou a necessidade de dispor de um sistema de alerta precoce para os riscos associados à agitação marítima, nomeadamente os relacionados com os galgamentos costeiros e com os navios amarrados. No âmbito do Projeto ECOMARPORT, associaram-se com a Universidade dos Açores e o LNEC para o desenvolvimento de três novos protótipos do sistema HIDRALERTApara os portos de S. Roque do Pico, Madalena do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os novos protótipos têm, para além da previsão de eventos de galgamento das proteções portuárias, a capacidade de prever esforços e movimentos de navios amarrados. As situações de emergência podem ser previstas, permitindo que as autoridades portuárias possam tomar medidas de mitigação para evitar a perda de vidas e minimizar os danos.

Early warning systems (EWS) are fundamental tool to reduce risks in coastal areas since they provide in advance the necessary information for the responsible authorities to mitigate the effects of possible emergency situation due to storms.

The case studies are Costa da Caparica coastal area and Ericeira port, both on the West Portuguese Coast.

The To-SEAlert project (Fortes et al. 2019) aims to include a set of tools/methodologies into the Early Warning Systems (EWS) HIDRALERTA, (Poseiro, 2019, Fortes et al., 2021, Santos et al., 2020, Zózimo et al., 2021, Ferreira, et al. 2021a) to make it more efficient reliable and robust.

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A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

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