Publications

This paper presents the analysis of the probability of occurrence of wave overtopping events as well as its consequences at the Port of Las Nieves in Agaete, Gran Canaria Island, with the evaluation of the resulting level of flood risk. The study has been conducted using a third-generation spectral wave model to reproduce wave propagation from deep to shallow water depths considering the associated mean sea level, and a neural network-based model, for estimating mean wave overtopping discharges. Results reveal that overtopping in the initial sections of the port, located in the port access area, is substantially higher than that associated with the cross-sections of the main body of the breakwater, so that control actions to reduce overtopping are required due to the important socioeconomic implications regarding the infrastructure inoperability.

Neste trabalho, descreve-se a aplicação ao porto e baía da Praia da Vitória, na ilha Terceira, Açores, Portugal, da metodologia de avaliação do risco de galgamentos em estruturas marítimas em desenvolvimento no LNEC, considerando duas ferramentas neuronais para cálculo dos galgamentos baseadas em resultados da aplicação de redes neuronais artificiais, nomeadamente a ferramenta NN_Overtopping2 e a Overtopping Predictor v1.1. Em particular, avalia-se comparativamente quais as implicações que a utilização de cada uma destas ferramentas tem em termos de número de eventos de galgamento e magnitude dos caudais médios galgados, bem como consequente grau de risco, para as 9 secções-tipo de estruturas marítimas estudadas no porto e baía da Praia da Vitória. O período de estudo é de 5 anos (2008 a 2012).

O galgamento de estruturas portuárias consiste na passagem de água sobre o coroamento da estrutura pela ação da agitação marítima e é um dos fenómenos com maior impacto na integridade da estrutura e na segurança da zona por ela protegida. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o galgamento num quebra-mar de taludes, com um importante muro cortina, protegido por um quebra-mar submerso. Em particular, pretende-se otimizar a geometria do quebra-mar submerso situado a barlamar do quebra-mar de taludes, no qual se pretende diminuir o galgamento.A estrutura marítima em estudo é o molhe norte do Porto de Leixões, em frente ao qual já existe um quebra-mar submerso na zona da cabeça. Pretende-se estender a zona do molhe protegida pelo quebra-mar submerso e, para tal, é necessário estudar qual a melhor geometria e posição a adotar para este quebra-mar.Para estudar a influência da geometria e da posição do quebra-mar submerso no galgamento do molhe norte, utilizou-se o modelo numérico IH2VOF. Simularam-se três condições de agitação regular, que diferem somente na altura de onda, e sete geometrias do quebra-mar submerso, que diferem da configuração original (a existente atualmente) em três características: a distância entre o quebra-mar submerso e o molhe, a cota de coroamento do quebra-mar submerso e a sua largura de coroamento.Com a realização deste estudo, para as condições de agitação consideradas, verificou-se que as características com maior impacto na redução do galgamento no molhe norte do Porto de Leixões são: o aumento da distância entre o quebra-mar submerso e o molhe e o aumento da cota de coroamento do quebra-mar submerso. O caudal médio de galgamento para as condições de agitação em estudo reduziu-se de um valor máximo de 0,71 l/s/m para a configuração original para 0,02 l/s/m em duas das novas configurações analisadas, ou seja, uma redução de 97% face à configuração original.

The susceptibility of bridge decks to vortex induced oscillations can b eaddressed through wind-tunnel testing. This paper considers the case of the Vila-Real Bridge, in the north of Portugal, which has the highest deck above ground (230m), among concrete-deck bridges cable-stayed in the central plane. It has a single-cell rectangular box girder with a wide top flange supported by regularly spaced inclined struts. Aeroelastic studies of this precise type of deck seem nonexistent in the literature.Results of sectional model tests are presented for a selection of three distinct angles of attack and three deck configurations, including a solution, alternative to the usual mitigation measures, that solved the susceptibility to vortex induced vibration of the deck and that has no relevant additional design or building costs.With the proposed approach, bridge designers may be able to relegate the use of sections with high aerodynamic performance

Wave-induced flow velocity and turbulence may cause scouring in the seabed around coastal structures depending on the wave climate and tidal water depth. A 3-D physical modelling study was conducted to investigate the possible causes of the sinking of two submerged coastal structures on the Santa Maria del Mar (SMM) beach, Spain. The experimental investigation was conducted by employing a Froude similarity law with a geometric scale of 1:20, and the submerged modular structure was subjected to different wave climates and tidal water levels. The combinations of the significant wave height and peak period were chosen from in-situ real wave conditions thatwere monitored during the sinking of the prototype structures. Linking and unlinking conditions for the modules in the structure were investigated in this study. The results show that the modules sank to approximately 48% of their height at the end of the tests with storm waves and semi-linking conditions of low water depth. Most of the experimental results were compatible with the prototype monitoring results. Tests with proper linking among themodules and testswith an appropriate gravel foundation resulted in a sustainable solution because they presented much less or almost no scouring and sinking.

Despite the simplicity of the geometry of the circular cylinders, the uniform flow around them is complex,since it may induce unsteady forces on structures associated with vortex shedding. This paper describes the study of two circular cylinders (the downstream one is elastically mounted in transversal direction) in tandem arrangement subject to bi-dimensional uniform laminar flows at low Reynolds numbers. The academic numerical model Ifeinco, which is based on the finite element method and uses a partitioned scheme that considers two-way interaction of fluid flow and structure, has been employed to the analysis.Firstly, both stationary cylinders in tandem arrangement for Re = 100 are analysed for center to center distance between the cylinders, L/D, from 1.5 to 6.0. Results of lift and drag coefficients and Strouhal number are compared with other numerical results and good agreement is found. Secondly, numerical results for L/D = 5.25, considering downstream elastically mounted cylinder, are analysed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 140. It shows that the resonance occurs for Reynolds numbers between 115 and 120 and the maximum dimensionless amplitude of oscillation is 0.721 for Re = 118.

Techniques based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been increasingly applied to predict emergency situations, such as extreme wave conditions, wave overtopping or flooding, and damage to maritime structures, in coastal and port areas. In this work, a fuzzy adaptive resonance theory with mapping (FAM) ANN was trained to predict the wave regime both inside and at the entrance to the Port of Sines, one of the major trade and economic gateways of the Iberian Peninsula, located on the Portuguese west coast. In situ measurements using pressure sensors, wave buoy data, and results from two numerical wave propagation models

The main goal of this paper is to develop a photogrammetric method in order to obtain arobust tool for damage assessment and quantification of rubble-mound armour layers during physicalscale model tests. With the present work, an innovative approach based on a reduced number ofdigital photos is proposed to support the identification of affected areas. This work considers twosimple digital photographs recording the instants before and after the completion of the physicaltest. Mathematical techniques were considered in the development of the procedures, enabling thetracking of image differences between photos. The procedures were developed using an open-sourceapplication, Scilab, nevertheless they are not platform dependent. The procedures developed enablethe location and identity of eroded areas in the breakwater armour layer, as well as the possibilityof quantifying them. This ability is confirmed through the calculation of correlation coefficients ineach step of the search for the more damaged area. It is also possible to make an assessment of themovement of armour layer units.

Nesta comunicação, descreve-se o sistema HIDRALERTA (sistema de previsão e alerta de inundações em zonas costeiras e portuárias), sistema em ambiente SIG que tem como ideia-base a utilização de previsões da agitação marítima (a 180 horas) para calcular os seus efeitos na costa, nomeadamente em termos de galgamentos e inundações. Dos desenvolvimentos mais recentes ou em curso destacam-se: a construção de mapas de risco costeiro, a partir da análise de uma série de 30 anos de dados de agitação marítima; o desenvolvimento e aplicação do sistema de alerta e da plataforma WEB para a zona da praia de São João da Caparica e para o porto e baía da Praia da Vitória (Terceira, Açores); a aplicação, com recurso a ferramentas SIG, de metodologias quantitativas de análise das consequências do galgamento/inundação (por exemplo, o Processo de Análise Hierárquica

The behaviour of a coastal structure depends on the nearshore hydrodynamics which isdependent from waves and their interaction with the structure. The knowledge of the wave transformationand breaking characteristics close to coastal structures becomes crucial for understanding the physicalprocesses that are involved and to the design of those coastal structures. Physical models and laboratoryexperiments are important tools for a better knowledge and characterization of these phenomena. In thiswork, wave flume tests were performed to analyse the wave hydrodynamics in the vicinity of a structure,constructed with a typical slope of a rubble-mound breakwater. We measured the free surface elevationand velocities by means of resistive probes and Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry. The results enable theidentification of complex phenomena in velocity field and several changes in the velocity field and waveheight caused by set-up, reflexion and wave breaking due to the presence of the structure. The increase ofthree-dimensional effects in the vicinity of the structure was also verified. The reliable experimental datacould be used to numerical models data validation.

Monitoring of water particle velocity on the sea bed is crucial to study morphological shore changes in a coast at intermediate and shallow water depth under progressive surface waves and tidal flow current. Therefore, 3-D particle velocity was monitored continuously at the bottom of Santa Maria del Mar (SMM) beach (SW Spain) by means of a single point current meter during 3 weeks in 2007 since August 28. The current meter was placed at 0.45m above the seabed in order to acquire instantaneous velocity. Wave properties (height and period) were taken from the nearby wave buoy and tidal data were taken from a tidal gauge station. Wave-induced bottom particle velocities were obtained during spring and neap tides at a d/L (depth over wave length) parameter ranging from 0.06 to 0.3. Bottom water particle velocity near the seabed ranges from 0 to ± 0.5 m/sec of which about 82% does not exceed 0.2 m/sec during monitoring. Therefore, only 18% of the surveyed water particle velocities exceed the critical Shield parameter of the beach sand (d50 = 0.23mm) which is about 0.05-0.2 depending on Reynolds number. Results show that maximum horizontal speed is obviously lower during the slack tide (high or low tide) in comparison with flood tide and ebb tide. Moreover, speed is higher during ebb tide in comparison to adjacent flood tide, with steady wave climate. Finally and among other conclusions, the maximum real values of the bottom current surveyed in SMM, as well as the Shield parameter, substantially coincide with the theoretical estimates calculated for a given wave and tidal climate.

No domínio específico do projeto e construção de obras marítimas e portuárias, ao contrário de outro tipo de obras de engenharia, não existe normativa de carácter obrigatório. No entanto, embora não haja legislação específica, existem, em diversos países, recomendações nacionais que reúnem os conceitos e critérios necessários ao Projeto, de forma a melhorar a segurança e otimizar obras de grande importância económica. Normalmente as recomendações focam não só o dimensionamento e construção de obras marítimo-portuárias e costeiras, novas ou extensão das existentes, mas também a sua monitorização e manutenção. Esta comunicação resume as recomendações internacionais existentes, já que em Portugal não há normativas nem recomendações nacionais para apoio ao dimensionamento hidráulico/estrutural de obras marítimas, incluindo as específicas para o dimensionamento geotécnico de obras marítimas e uma breve comparação entre elas.

The need for shelter zones in coastal areas leads to the construction ofstructures for shore protection such as breakwaters. Its design is mainly made based insemi-empirical formulas [1] [2] [3] and in the experience of the project designer, being thee ectiveness of the breakwater carried out through physical modelling.The Harbours and Maritime Structures Division of National Laboratory (NPE, portugueseacronym) for Civil Engineering (LNEC, portuguese acronym) have developed several ex-periments in bidimensional and tridimensional models. Through this experiments, thestability of the breakwater is tested and the evaluation of damage is made by counting thearmor units dislocated (movements or displacements).This damage evaluation is currentlydone by visual inspection thus being a subjective method where some relevant movementsmay go unnoticed.

Rubble-mound structures are commonly used for coastal and port protection and needs aproperly design as well as inspection and maintenance during its lifetime. The design of such breakwatersusually requires a physical scale model to be tested under different irregular incident wave and tideconditions in order to evaluate its hydraulic and structural behaviour, namely the stability of the proposeddesign. Armour units displacement and fall analysis in physical models are then a key point in the designverification and usually requires a trained technician. In this work, an algorithm made in Matlab® ispresented, consisting in digital images processing and analysis which allows automatic and precisedisplacement detection as well as its location in time and space. For a selected displacement, it is alsopossible to characterize it.

The HIDRALERTA system is current1y being implemented as a novel ear1y warning system to assess the risk of flooding in coastal and port region areas. With forecasted sea wave conditions at coastal and port areas, the system is able to determine the effects of waves in terms of wave overtopping and flooding, to compare those results with pre-specified thresholds, to build alert maps, and, if necessary, to issue alert messages. The system will be applied to two case studies: Praia da Vitória harbor, in Terceira Island, Azores, and Caparica beach, near Lisbon. One of the major inputs of this integrated system is the characterization of sea wave conditions at the site of interest, so that both measured wave data and selected numerical models are used. Numerical models, however, should be calibrated for each area of application. This paper is a contribution to get a better insight of the wave characteristics at one of those case studies, the Caparica beach, to provide adequate calibration of the mentioned numerical models. Therefore, two measurement campaigns were organized at that location, using several instruments. Data was collected and analyzed, then compared with those transferred from the Port of Lisbon wave buoy, by using numerical wave propagation models, which then enabled one to evaluate SWAN's performance and to calibrate some of its parameters. Thus, the paper describes the sea wave characterization using both in-situ data and transferred data from the Port of Lisbon wave buoy, and discusses the SWAN' s strengths and weaknesses to simulate thewave conditions measured at the two above mentioned campaigns.

O sistema HIDRALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta de risco de galgamento e inundações emáreas costeiras e portuárias, atualmente em desenvolvimento. Para obtenção das condições de agitação marítimalocais são utilizados modelos numéricos de propagação de ondas, nomeadamente o modelo SWAN. Este trabalhovisa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das características da agitação marítima local num dos casos deestudo considerados no projeto: a praia de S. João de Caparica. Assim, utilizaram-se os dados recolhidos em duascampanhas de medição naquela zona, os quais foram depois analisados e comparados com os resultados obtidospelo modelo SWAN para o mesmo local. Foi ainda feita a comparação entre os dados fornecidos pela boia daAPL e o modelo SWAN, no local da boia. Estes procedimentos permitiram avaliar o desempenho do modeloSWAN para este local.

Este artigo descreve a aplicação do modelo SWAN-VEG para o lago da barragem de Ilha Solteira - São Paulo, Brasil, que faz parte da Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná, a fim de analisar a influência da vegetação sobre a redução da energia das ondas perto das margens do lago. Primeiramente, o modelo é aplicado, considerando uma profundidade constante em todo o reservatório da barragem e uma pequena área de vegetação localizada junto ao paredão da barragem. São testados vários valores de velocidade e direção do vento, bem como diferentes tipos de vegetação. Em seguida, a batimetria real do lago é considerada, bem como vegetação em determinadas zonas nas margens do lago. Várias condições de vento são testadas e comparadas para as situações com e sem vegetação.

No presente trabalho descreve-se a aplicação de uma metodologia de avaliação do risco de galgamento em zonas costeiras e portuárias ao porto de Ponta Delgada, Açores, dando especial ênfase à avaliação das consequências da ocorrência de galgamentos não admissíveis através de uma análise multicritério (Processo de Análise Hierárquica, AHP).A metodologia de avaliação do risco é efetuada em três fases: Caraterização da agitação incidente nasestruturas do porto; Cálculo do galgamento; Avaliação do risco de galgamento, que inclui a avaliação daprobabilidade de ocorrência de galgamentos (acima de um certo limiar predefinido), assim como a avaliação das consequências dessas ocorrências. Por sua vez, esta avaliação das consequências é efetuada utilizando quer um procedimento simplista de classificação das consequências em termos de graus, quer uma metodologia baseada no AHP.Os resultados da aplicação desta metodologia da avaliação do risco são apresentados sob a forma de mapas de consequências e de risco, ferramentas importantes para o planeamento de operações e de futuras intervenções no porto de Ponta Delgada.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A