Papers
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Differential thermal expansion as a cause of salt decay: literature review, experiments and modelling of micro and macro effects on Ançã limestone
Salt decay is one of the harshest, most frequent and more complex types of decay of porous materials in built heritage, including natural stones, ceramics and mortars. In this article, we address the mechanism of thermal expansion which is one of the least studied, yet most controversial, of those proposed over time to explain salt decay. We present a review of scientific literature on the topic, followed by a study of the effects of thermal expansion on a specific material, the well-known Ançã limestone. The study included experimental measurement of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the Ançã, both in its natural state and with varying contents of sodium chloride, sodium sulphate or sodium nitrate. The results show that this coefficient: (i) is significantly higher when the stone is contaminated with salt; (ii) scales approximately with the amount of salt contained in the stone pores, regardless of the type of salt. Based on these results and on modelling of damage modes at the microscopic and macroscopic levels respectively, we conclude that thermal expansion can cause powdering, disaggregation or other types of decay consisting in internal loss of cohesion. However, it is not likely to cause exfoliation of salt loaded layers.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
19p.
Author(s): Gonçalves, T. D.; Brito, V.
: Studies in Conservation
Editor: Taylor and Francis
Keywords: Disaggregation; Soluble salts; Sodium nitrate; Sodium sulphate; Sodium chloride; Ançã limestone; Exfoliation; Powdering; Thermal expansion
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Early façade azulejo frames by Fábrica Roseira of Lisbon
The paper reviews the importance and distinguishing character of façade azulejo frames as used in the region of Lisbon and presents and discusses the early frame patterns designed and produced by Fabrica Roseira in the mid-19th century.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
54-60pp..
Author(s): Mimoso, J.
: ARTIS ON- Journal of the Arts
Editor: Instituto de História da Arte, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Volume:
Vol.2 (2016).
Keywords: Azulejo frames; Façade tiles; Fabrica Roseira of Lisbon; Lisbon azulejos
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Effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) on the freezethaw resistance of concrete: results of a RILEM interlaboratory study
This article presents the results of an interlaboratory experimental study performed by 13 international research groups within the framework of the activities of the RILEM Technical Committee 225-SAP Applications of Superabsorbent Polymers in Concrete Construction. Two commercially available superabsorbent polymers (SAP) were tested in terms of their influence on the freezethaw resistance of ordinary concrete. To test the robustness of the method, all participating laboratories used locally produced materials. Furthermore, following this aim, various accelerated methods were used to estimate the resistance of the concrete to freezethaw cycles. The effect of adding SAP was from insignificant toconsiderably positive in terms of improvement in material performance as determined by reduced mass loss after freezethaw cycles; only one participant observed worsening of the material behaviour. At the same time, due to the addition of SAP, a much less pronounced decrease in the dynamic Youngs modulus was observed as a result of freezethaw testing without deicing salt.
Year: 2016
Author(s): Mechtcherine, V.; Schroefl, C.; Wyrzykowski, M.; Gorges, M.; Lura, P.; Cusson, D.; Margeson, J.; De Belie, N.; Snoeck, D.; Ichimiya, K.; Igarashi, S.; Falikman, V.; Friedrich, S.; Bokern, J.; Kara, P.
: Materials and Structures
Editor: RILEM
Keywords: Deicing salt; CIF test; Superabsorbent polymer; Slab test; Scaling; Interlaboratory study; Interlaboratory study; Interlaboratory study; Freezethaw; Frost resistance; CDF test; Air-entraining agent
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Entre tradição e inovação tecnológica: desafios à conservação do património em cal
Debate-se a relação entre conhecimentos tecnológicos tradicionais e científicos como inovadora e fundamental para a conservação do património. Considera-se que a inovação não advém necessariamente do conhecimento científico, mas potencialmente de uma sábia articulação entre estes dois tipos de conhecimentos. Parte-se de um já longo processo de reflexão sobre a conservação do património com base em cal, conforme desenvolvido no LNEC a partir de projetos de investigação.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
1-8pp.
Author(s): Menezes, M.; Veiga, M. R.
: Conservar Património
Editor: ARP - Associação Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal
Volume:
24.
Keywords: Conservação do Património; Inovação; Tecnologia; Cal; Conhecimento científico; Conhecimento tradicional
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Experimental research with salt crystallization in historical Portuguese azulejos
The most serious form of degradation of historical azulejos is the spall of the glaze and it is widely accepted that the crystallization of salts dissolved in water circulating in the masonry is its main cause. This article reports the results of an accelerated aging test aimed at studying the physical deterioration of azulejos caused by cycles of dissolution and re-crystallization of sodium chloride (NaCl). Experiments were carried out on 26 Portuguese azulejos from the 17th19th century, some of which with original manufacturing defects or with varying degrees of previous decay.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
857-866pp..
Author(s): Esteves, L.; Candeias, A.; Mimoso, J.
: International Journal of Architectural Heritage Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Volume:
Volume 10, 2016 - Issue 7.
Keywords: Degradation of cultural heritage; Glazed tiles; Azulejos; Saline decay
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Geopolymers as potential repair material in tiles conservation
The restoration materials currently used to fill gaps in historical architectural tiles (e.g. lime or organic resin pastes) usually show serious drawbacks in terms of compatibility, effectiveness or durability. The existing solutions do not fully protect Portuguese faïence tiles (azulejos) in outdoor conditions and frequently result in further deterioration. Geopolymers can be a potential solution for tile lacunae infill, given the chemicalmineralogical similitude to the ceramic body, and also the durability and versatile range of physical properties that can be obtained through the manipulation of their formulation and curing conditions. This work presents and discusses the viability of the use of geopolymeric pastes to fill lacunae in tiles or to act as cold cast ceramic tile surrogates reproducing missing tile fragments. The formulation of geopolymers, namely the type of activators, the alumino-silicate source, the quantity of water required for adequate workability and curing conditions, was studied. The need for post-curing desalination was also considered envisaging their application in the restoration of outdoor historical architectural tiles frequently exposed to adverse environmental conditions. The possible advantages and disadvantages of the use of geopolymers in the conservation of tiles are also discussed. The results obtained reveal that geopolymers pastes are a promising material for the restoration of tiles, when compared to other solutions currently in use.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
10p.
Author(s): Geraldes, C.; Lima, A.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.; Mimoso, J.; Morais Pereira, S.
: Applied Physics A
Editor: Springer Verlag
Volume:
March 2016, 122: 197.
Keywords: Geopolymers; Restoration of cultural heritage; Azulejos; Sustainable solutions for restoration of cultural heritage
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Incompatibility risk assessment procedure for the cleaning of built heritage
A procedure is proposed to assess the compatibility of cleaning actions to be carried out upon built heritage. This procedure was designed as a semi-quantitative (in)compatibility risk assessment, where the vulnerability of the substrate to cleaning, the aggressiveness of the cleaning method and the substrate/method synergies are factors considered to determine the likelihood of damage occurring, whereas the impact on the significance of the object measures the consequences of damage occurring. Rating these factors of likelihood and consequences of damage allows a cleaning risk matrix to be proposed for the evaluation of the risk levels implicated by different cleaning methods. Furthermore, planning components entirely contingent of their specific actors, and therefore inherently difficult to grade, such as operator skills or control adequacy, are included as quality components, which work as multiplying parameters of the overall risk. The procedure was conceived to assist in and frame the planning of built heritage cleaning actions. A Delphi Panel of conservation experts was convened to validate this proposal
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
219-228pp.
Author(s): Delgado Rodrigues, J.; Revez, M. J.
: Journal of Cultural Heritage
Editor: Elsevier Masson SAS
Volume:
18, MarchApril 2016.
Keywords: Delphi method; Planning procedure; Risk assessment; Compatibility; Built heritage cleaning
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Laboratory and onsite study of barium hydroxide as a consolidant for high porosity limestones
The paper focuses on the study of barium hydroxide applied to two high porosity limestones from Portugal (Ançã stone, with 27% porosity) and Italy (Lecce stone, with 37% porosity), both in the laboratory and onsite. The results show that barium hydroxide acts both through carbonation with atmospheric CO2 and by replacing calcium for barium in the calcite lattice followed by carbonation of the released calcium hydroxide. This double mechanism proved to be particularly efficient in the Ançã limestone, possibly due to a higher reactivity linked to its smaller grain size. The mechanism is far slower than simple carbonation and has a better outcome when the stone can be totally immersed in the solution. Onsite experiments on the Ançã stone were less striking than in the laboratory, possibly due to the insufficient amount of product made available for reaction, but a positive outcome was visible after six years of natural exposure.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
467-476pp.
Author(s): Delgado Rodrigues, J.; Ferreira Pinto, A. P.
Editor: Elsevier Masson SAS
Volume:
Volume 19, MayJune 2016,.
Keywords: DRMS; Barium hydroxide; Consolidation; Porous limestone
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Lacunae infills for in situ treatment of historic glazed tiles
Knowledge of current conservation materials and methods together with those adopted in the past is essential to aid research and improve or develop better conservation options. The infill and painting of tile lacunae are subjected to special requirements mainly when used in outdoor settings. A selection of the most commonly used materials was undertaken and performed based on inquiries to practitioners working in the field. The infill pastes comprised organic (epoxy, polyester), inorganic (slaked lime, hydraulic lime and zinc hydroxychloride) and mixed organicinorganic (slaked lime mixed with a vinylic resin) binders. The selected aggregates were those most commonly used or those already present in the commercially formulated products. The infill pastes were characterised by SEM, MIP, open porosity, water absorption by capillarity, water vapour permeability, thermal and hydric expansibilities and adhesion to the ceramic body. Their performance was assessed after curing, artificial ageing (salt ageing and UVTempRH cycles) and natural ageing. The results were interpreted in terms of their significance as indicators of effectiveness, compatibility and durability.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
10p.
Author(s): Mendes, M.; Esteves, L.; Ferreira, T.; Candeias, A.; Tennent, N.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.; Morais Pereira, S.
: Applied Physics A
Editor: Springer International Publishing
Volume:
(2016) 122:547.
Keywords: Restoration; Lacunae; Glazes tiles; Azulejo
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Levantamentos in-situ da degradação de azulejos e da presença de sais
Em Portugal, os interiores de igrejas, espaços conventuais e palácios estão frequentemente decorados com revestimentos azulejares desde finais do séc. XVI. Mas nem todos chegaram aos nossos dias em boas condições. O presente estudo teve como objetivo levantar formas de degradação in situ e eventualmente relacioná-las com a ocorrência de sais solúveis. Pretendia-se também identificar os sais correlacionando-os com a forma de degradação. Analisaram-se eflorescências e pequenos fragmentos de chacota e vidrado colhidos em obra, utilizando o microscópio eletrónico de varrimento com unidade de microanálise associada (SEM-EDS), para a identificação de espécies salinas.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
44-53pp..
Author(s): Esteves, L.; Mirão, J.; Dias, L.; Candeias, A.; Mimoso, J.
: Conservar Património
Editor: ARP Associação Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal
Volume:
Nº 23, Jun-Jul 2016.
Keywords: Sais solúveis; Degradação; Azulejos
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Comunicação
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16th century azulejos - what lies beneath the ground of Lisbon?
In the Vila Viçosa Palace, in the southern Portuguese province of Alentejo, lie the still impressive remains of what was the most extensive commission of azulejos produced in Antwerp for Portugal. Through an inventory made in 1563, after the death of the 5th Duke of Braganza D. Teodósio, it was found that no less than 3,658 azulejos commissioned to Antwerp had been delivered until that year. Until recently there was no known parallel between the pieces commissioned to Antwerp for the Palace of Vila Viçosa and other commissions for Portugal. With an excavation in Lisbon, in the area of the Escolas Gerais, five azulejos and two fragments, also of Flemish production, were found in what was probably a dump, because they were part of the frame of a panel of which nothing more was found. Other excavations in Lisbon, namely near Casa dos Bicos, Largo do Corpo Santo, Largo do Carmo, Palácio dos Condes de Penafiel and the grounds of the former Igreja de Santo André in Graça produced more more fragments of 16th century azulejos of varying provenance giving us a glimpse of an unexpected wealth of types and decorations used in the Lisbon of the 2nd half of the 16th century at a time when a local production of faience azulejos was just starting. Other pieces are now appearing in different archaeological contexts giving testimony of a maybe discrete but nevertheless assured trend that needs to be acknowledge. Their presence points to the spread of the appreciation for faience tiles and in these remains may well lie the foundations for the Portuguese taste for azulejos that lasts to this day. This communication reviews some of the findings supported by scanning electron microscopy observations and analyses trying an integration of some cases into known provenances or types.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
298-312pp of the Book of Proceedings in digital su
Author(s): Pais, A.; Sequeira, M.; Monge, M.; Esteves, L.; Castanheira, I.; Valongo, A.; Manso, C.; Filipe, V.; Cardoso, A.; Mimoso, J.
: Proceedings of GlazeArt2018 (full articles on digital support)
Editor: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Keywords: Archaeological findings in Lisbon; Excavated majolica; Tiles from Antwerp; Renaissance majolica
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Adolescentes, tecnologias digitais e espaço público urbano: experiências com um Living Lab em Lisboa
Visa-se discutir a relação entre jovens, espaço público urbano e tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), tendo por referência um estudo de caso em curso. O trabalho enquadra-se no Projeto Europeu C3Places, cujo objetivo é explorar os recursos digitais como apoio ao desenho de espaços públicos urbanos mais adequados às necessidades das pessoas. O estudo de caso em Lisboa assenta numa perspetiva de Living Lab onde se visa trabalhar ideias co-criadas com alunos da escola secundária com 3º ciclo Padre António Vieira, sita no bairro de Alvalade, em Lisboa. Tendo por referência a ligação dos adolescentes às TIC, é abordado um conjunto de iniciativas desenvolvidas a partir de oficinas temáticas de urbanismo, destacando-se uma aplicação móvel (app) desenvolvida como elo de comunicação entre adolescentes e os espaços.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
174-180pp.
Author(s): Almeida, I.; Menezes, M.; Costa, C.; Batista, J.
Editor: Universidade de Coimbra
Keywords: Espaço Público Urbano; Living-lab; Adolescentes; Co-criação
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An unknown jigsaw in the Cathedral of Setúbal
A series of disperse renaissance azulejos with images in white with blue contours over a yellow background was recently uncovered, secluded by the basal wall of the altar of the Cathedral of Setúbal, near Lisbon. The azulejos were probably once part of a chapel lining that was removed and some were re-applied here at an unknown time. They were spread without any concern whatsoever about continuity, also because they were not intended for visibility. We attempted a partial digital reconstruction that allowed the perception of two feminine winged figures, together with flowers and fruits. One of the figures is an elderly woman with bird wings and the other a young lady with butterfly wings. Both have crowns, although of different sorts. The painting of motives in white with blue contours against a yellow background relates them graphically with the panels of the São Roque Chapel in Lisbon, but there are tantalizing differences. The Setúbal panels seem to bear testimony of a more archaic technology; the vertical placement of at least some azulejos in the kiln left remains of the supporting pieces and resulted in extensive drips that tarnished the composition. Another aspect is that the hand of the painter of Setúbal is amateurish compared to the proficiency of Francisco de Matos, the painter of São Roque. Yet, these azulejos can be highly important in establishing the evolution of the majolica technology in Portugal of which they may well be one of the earliest examples. This communication depicts a partial restitution of the painting, reports the first study made of the azulejos with instrumental support and discusses their technological placement towards other examples of known origin.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
21-22pp in the Book of Extended Abstracts.
Author(s): Pais, A.; Rosmaninho, R.; Mimoso, J.; Esteves, L.; Cardoso, A.
: Proceedings of GlazeArt2018 (extended abstracts on printed book)
Editor: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Keywords: Sé de Setúbal; Igreja de Santa Maria de Setúbal; Portuguese azulejos; Renaissance majolica
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Analytical study of the azulejos from Igreja da Graça in Lisbon, signed by João de Góis
After the panels of Capela de São Roque in Lisbon, signed and dated, the incomplete and dispersed panels in Igreja da Graça are the second set of signed Renaissance azulejos produced in Lisbon that were found. A selection of azulejo units from the panels has now been studied by scanning-electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The tiles making up the book bearing the signing monogram have been used to establish a morphological and analytical template aimed at identifying in the future a common officinal provenance in azulejos of the same general chronology known or presumed to have been produced in Lisbon. This communication reports the results of the analytical study identifying the main micro-morphological features and the composition variations.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
13-14pp in the Book of Extended Abstracts.
Author(s): Mimoso, J.; Pais, A.; Esteves, L.; Silva, M.; Cardoso, A.; Antunes, M.; Morais Pereira, S.; Candeias, A.
: Proceedings of GlazeArt2018 (extended abstracts on printed book)
Editor: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Keywords: Early azulejo production in Portugal; João de Góis; Renaissance majolica
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Carbonation and environmental impact of concrete
The development of European standards intended to provide a framework for assessing the sustainability of construction works was by far the most important step towards the evaluation and comparison of their environmental, economic and social performance. From an environmental perspective, the use of Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) allows an informed choice of the more sustainable construction materials. The development of an EPD calls for specific guidelines that enable different manufacturers to evaluate equally the environmental impacts of their products during the different stages of their life cycle, i.e., the Product Category Rules (PCR). In the last years, the CEN/TC104/SC1/TG20, together with CEN/TC229/WG5, has made relevant progress on establishing PCR for concrete and precast concrete products leading to the publication of the European standard EN 16757 in June 2017, while a CEN Technical Report on CO2 uptake in concrete is about to be concluded. This paper, after presenting the general view of the normative approach for all the construction materials, makes a comprehensive analysis of the above documents, with particular focus on the relevance of carbonation on the environmental impact of concrete and concrete products
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
844-851pp.
Author(s): Martins, I. M.; Goncalves , A.
: Atas do Congresso BE2018
Editor: Grupo Português de Betão Estrutural (GPBE)
Keywords: Environmental impact; CO2 uptake; Carbonation; Concrete
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Influence of the production technology on the morphological characteristics of azulejos
In this article some aspects of the production technology connected with the preparation of the glaze and of the biscuit and with the firing cycle have been researched in order to better understand their effects on the morphological and chemical characteristics of the glaze and glaze-biscuit interface. Azulejo reproductions have been prepared by using raw and fired ceramic bodies glazed with either a lead-tin raw preparation or with a frit of different quartz grain sizes. The firing temperatures and the duration of the firing cycles have also been varied. The resulting cross-sections of the ceramic reproductions were analyzed with SEM-EDS. An increase in the Pb enriched K-feldspars formed at the glaze-biscuit interface is observed as the maximum temperature increases and the cooling rate slows. The use of raw glazes and single firings also promotes the growth. The results led to a better interpretation of the technological fingerprint observed on historic glazed tiles and offer more insight into the early azulejo production technologies and on the nature of the glaze-ceramic interface.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
140-149pp of the Book of Proceedings in digital su
Author(s): Morais Pereira, S.; Antunes, M.; Cardoso, A.; Costa, M.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.; Esteves, L.; Mirão, J.; Candeias, A.; Mimoso, J.
: Proceedings of GlazeArt2018 (full articles on digital support)
Editor: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Keywords: Influence of technology in glaze morphology; Azulejo production technology; Azulejo interfaces; Majolica reproduction study
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On the use of glaze and ceramic body analytical spectra in heritage azulejos as beacons of provenance
During the past three years a research group including the Museu Nacional do Azulejo (Portuguese National Azulejo Museum), the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil and the HERCULES Laboratory of the University of Evora, acquired X-ray fluorescence spectra of the glazes of azulejo panels on site and single tiles from the collections of the Museum. That data was recently complemented by spectra obtained with the micro-analysis unit of a scanning electron microscope and with the AGLAE proton accelerator installed at the Carrousel du Louvre in Paris. By comparing spectra obtained on significative areas it is possible to obtain a glimpse of alikeness or of dissimilarity pointing to a similar or to a different officinal origin. This communication presents the method through a number of exemplificative cases.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
439-450pp of the Book of Proceedings in digital su
Author(s): Mimoso, J.; Antunes, M.; Morais Pereira, S.; Candeias, A.; Pais, A.
: Proceedings of GlazeArt2018 (full articles on digital support)
Editor: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Keywords: Provenance studies; SEM-EDS spectra in archaeometry
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SEM-EDS research on mineral inclusions found in the biscuit of azulejos as a tool for provenance studies
During the year starting on July 2017, the Museu Nacional do Azulejo (Portuguese National Azulejo Museum), the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil and the HERCULES Laboratory of the University of Evora made a joint effort in the instrumental study of 16th century Portuguese azulejos, aimed at establishing their origin, technology used and eventual systematization of workshop productions. The microscopic observation of the biscuits did not reveal any signs of mixtures of clays, as are routinely perceived through the banded colours seen in the biscuits of 17th century Portuguese productions. Therefore, it seems likely that the workshops used plain marls with a suitable composition to grant compatibility of the biscuit with the glaze and thus their composition is a prime choice to confirm a local provenance. Azulejo samples are collected from panels on the walls and are necessarily superficial and very small. In such samples the biscuit composition as pertains to minor and trace elements is tainted by the penetration of the raw glaze and digestion phenomena over firing. However inclusions of minerals that are infusible at the kiln temperatures remain largely unaltered. A means to discriminate provenance based on a morphologic and compositional study of the small inclusions found in biscuit sections, often less than 5µm across, is proposed in this communication. These include mineral inclusions, both with and without repetitive morphologies, and micro-fossils. This communication reviews the inclusions repetitively found in Portuguese 16th century azulejos as a first step for the construction of a database aimed at exploring their potential as provenance markers.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
393-409pp of the Book of Proceedings in digital su
Author(s): Mimoso, J.; Costa, D.; Antunes, M.; Cardoso, A.; Esteves, L.; Mirão, J.; Pais, A.
: Proceedings of GlazeArt2018 (full articles on digital support)
Editor: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Keywords: Use of SEM-EDS in the study of majolica; Azulejos; Mineral inclusions in ceramics; Provenance of ceramics
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Studies on azulejo glaze welding by means of laser irradiation
Azulejos (Portuguese glazed tiles) suffer from pathologies such as glaze fissures and glaze loss particularly as a result of exposure to wall moisture and weathering. Many tile panels need conservation measures, including the treatment of lacunae but there is currently a lack of efficient and long-lasting solutions. Lasers offer a number of unique advantages including for the study and conservation of cultural heritage. In the conservation/restoration field, up to now the attention of the scientific community has been focused mainly on the use of lasers for cleaning processes. In this communication the initial studies on a novel application of laser radiation for the controlled thermal fusion of a glaze are presented and its potential for the restoration of azulejos discussed. The influence of a CO2 laser processing parameters (focus distance, duration of the beam incidence, number of laser passes) have been tested in order to assess their effect on the test items. Tile replicas and authentic historic azulejo samples, of different glaze compositions and colours, have been irradiated. Optical and SEM microscopy have been used to study the morphological alterations and the impact on the laser irradiated glazes. Initial results are encouraging and further work towards the implementation of this methodology is in progress.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
194-207pp of the Book of Proceedings in digital su
Author(s): Morais Pereira, S.; Hatzigiannakis, K.; Polychronak, E.; Melessanaki, K.; Pouli, P.; Mimoso, J.
: Proceedings of GlazeArt2018 (full articles on digital support)
Editor: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Keywords: Azulejos; Laser restoration of glazed ceramics
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Technical identification of the earliest productions of faience tiles in Lisbon
During the last year, the Museu Nacional do Azulejo (MNAz- Portuguese National Azulejo Museum), the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) and the HERCULES Laboratory of the University of Evora made a joint effort in the instrumental study of 16th century faience azulejos, aimed at identifying those of Portuguese origin based on their composition and the technology used and thus establish on firmer ground the origins of the production of faience azulejos in Lisbon towards a candidacy of Portuguese azulejos to the World Heritage List. This communication presents some of the first results.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
11-12pp in the Book of Extended Abstracts.
Author(s): Mimoso, J.; Antunes, M.; Morais Pereira, S.; Esteves, L.; Cardoso, A.; Candeias, A.; Pais, A.
: Proceedings of GlazeArt2018 (extended abstracts on printed book)
Editor: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil
Keywords: Azulejos; Renaissance majolica
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Books
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C3Places - Using ICT for Co-Creation of Inclusive Public Places
This e-book and correspondent platform MyC3Place present the collection of the outcomes carried out by the partners of the C3Places Project. It explores the new dynamics of open spaces as a trusted service for community and expands our understanding on how mediated public open spaces function, paying attention to stakeholders, local context and different social groups. The e-book shows how it's possible to increase the quality of public open spaces (squares, parks, green spaces) as a communitys service, reflecting through ICT the needs of different social groups. Public spaces are critical for cultural identity, as they offer the place for interactions among generations and ethnicities. Even in the digital era, people still need contact with nature and other people to develop different life skills, values and attitudes, to be healthy, satisfied and environmentally responsible. Using ICT and co-creating with users, this e-book expands our knowledge on meeting emerging citizens needs about the future public space. All the contents are classified by means of keywords that are described on the following pages. Then the work of each partner is presented in detail.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
83.
Author(s): Costa, C.; Batista, J.; Almeida, I.; Menezes, M.
: Using ICT for Co-Creation of inclusive Public Spaces
Editor: Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Keywords: co-creation; public spaces; ICT; C3Places
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Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice - Reflection - Learning
C3Places - using ICT for Co-Creation of inclusive public Places is a project funded under the scheme of the ERA-NET Cofund Smart Urban Futures / Call joint research programme (ENSUF), JPI Urban Europe, https://jpi-urbaneurope.eu/project/c3places. C3Places aims at increasing the quality of public open spaces (e.g. squares, parks, green spaces) as community service, reflecting the needs of different social groups through ICTs. The notion of C3Places is based on the understanding that public open spaces have many different forms and features, and collectively add crucial value to the experience and liveability of urban areas. Understanding public open spaces can be done from a variety of perspectives. For simplicitys sake, and because it best captures what people care most about, C3Places considers the public dimension to be a crucial feature of an urban space. Public spaces are critical for cultural identity, as they offer places for interactions among generations and ethnicities. Even in the digital era, people still need contact with nature and other people to develop different life skills, values and attitudes, to be healthy, satisfied and environmentally responsible. The book aims to spark discussion on the co-creation of public open spaces through the active involvement of different stakeholders in the production of a more inclusive, attractive and responsive urban environment. It intends to help researchers, governments and drivers in understanding and implementing more collaborative actions. The authors share experiences, visions and reflections on how co-creation and participatory processes can open up possibilities for a sustainable and equitable future. This book emphasises three dimensions: practice, reflection, and learning. Practice concerns driving actions, identified and analysed experiences that serve as key models. Reflection refers to exploring and examining the results and performances of a co-creation process. Co-creation is not the search for a final product, but rather a process and a new path to more responsive and inclusive communities. Learning refers to the knowledge transfer and replication induced by the synergy of the different actors involved in this book. The chapters which constitute this work were completed prior to Spring 2020, so the research and insights do not reference the global public health crisis caused by Covid-19. However, in such challenging times the argument for co-creation approaches to increase the potential of public spaces to support a range of inclusiveness outcomes is even stronger. This publication is based upon work of C3Places Project. The C3Places Project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 693443 and from FCT (Portuguese Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology).
Year: 2020
Number Pages:
264p..
Author(s): Costa, C.; Ma?iulien?, M.; Menezes, M.; Marui?, B.
: Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice - Reflection - Learning
Editor: Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Volume:
4.
Keywords: Cocreation; C3Places; Urban public space
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Neighbourhood & City - Between digital and analogue perspectives
This volume aims to promote discussion and critical thinking on the urban environment at the intersection of the neighbourhood and the city, along their socio-spatial relations, from an interdisciplinary, multidimensional and international perspective. The chapters cover various aspects related to the meaning of living, intervening, planning, managing, thinking about and producing the city in the digital era, with a view to increasing the understanding of neighbourhoods as part of a wider consideration of social and sustainable development and the need for greater care of urban communities. This has a direct impact on public open spaces, which lie at the core of CyberParks. The international scope of the edition is enhanced by its bilingual nature, as this volume targets, in addition to a European readership, also the readership of Portuguese-speaking countries. This publication is based upon work from COST Action TU1306, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
451p..
Author(s): Menezes, M.; Costa, C.
: Neighbourhood & City - Between digital and analogue perspectives
Editor: Edições Universitárias Lusófona
Volume:
3.
Keywords: City; Cyberparks; Analogue; Digital
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On the origin of majolica azulejos production in Portugal
Vários
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
138p.
Author(s): Pais, A.; Reis, M.; Campelo, J.; Mimoso, J.; Silva, M.; Morais Pereira, S.; Antunes, M.; Cardoso, A.; Esteves, L.; Candeias, A.; Filipe, V.; Matos, M.; Morna, T.; Simões, J.
: Estudos em Cerâmica Vidrada Patrimonial
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: PT; Physical-chemical characterization; Azulejo; Manufacture; Glazed ceramics; Historic heritage
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Livro de Resumos - Congresso Ibero-Americano "Património, suas matérias e imatérias
Publicação que regista os resumos expandidos realizados no âmbito do Congresso Ibero-americano "Património, suas matérias e imatérias", realizado nos dias 2-3 de novembro de 2016 no LNEC, contendo ainda em CDrom, os artigos completos.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
366p.
Author(s): Menezes, M.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.; Costa, D.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Valor; Património imaterial; Património material; Reabilitação; Conservação do património; Participação social; Desenvolvimento sociocultural; Património cultural; Congresso Internacional
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Simpósio Património em Construção - Contextos para a sua preservação
Em 2011 cumpriram-se 100 anos sobre a publicação da Lei de Reorganização dos Serviços Artísticos e Arqueológicos da 1ª República (Maio de 1911). Este diploma constituiu uma referência incontornável no enquadramento do conceito de património que iria influenciar toda a prática da sua salvaguarda em Portugal. Por coincidência, cumpriram-se também neste ano os 80 anos da Carta de Atenas (Outubro de 1931), um marco histórico na produção de documentos orientadores de cariz internacional, que veio incentivar a produção de novas cartas e outros documentos internacionais que, em larga medida, ainda definem e sustentam as actuais práticas de preservação do património. O Instituto de História da Arte da Universidade de Lisboa e o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil quiseram com este simpósio assinalar aquelas efemérides oferecendo às comunidades científicas e profissionais uma oportunidade de reflectirem sobre estes acontecimentos pioneiros e debaterem as consequências que eles tiveram no período transcorrido desde então, como forma de compreender melhor a salvaguarda do património nos dias de hoje, perante os desafios e exigências da sociedade moderna. Os artigos recebidos, e que constam nas presentes actas, demonstram o interesse que o tema suscita e confirmam que o País está bem apetrechado para cuidar do seu património em todas as vertentes que tal objectivo exige. Ao juntarmos as valências de duas instituições tão diferenciadas, procurámos mostrar que a preservação é um conceito multifacetado, que necessita de contributos diversos, mas precisos, e que não pode ser abordado de forma unilateral ou voluntarista por um qualquer grupo profissional ou ditado por meios burocráticos como medida normalizada ou normalizável. Os trabalhos agora publicados dão conta dos primórdios das preocupações sobre preservação, discutem problemáticas que percorreram o Séc. XX e reflectem sobre as situações actuais, cumprindo cabalmente as nossas expectativas e enriquecendo o acervo de exemplos e de doutrinas que nos permitem afirmar que não é por falta de conhecimento, de experiências ou de competências realizadoras que ainda hoje vemos acontecerem intervenções desqualificadas, mal preparadas e desajustadas. As presentes actas aí estão para demonstrar que fazer mal ou abandonar património não têm que ser fatalidades de um país.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
425pp.
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Congresso internacional; Conservação de património; Otecção do património; Património; Pt
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Avaliação, Conservação e Reforço de Estruturas de Madeira
N/A
Year: 2009
Author(s): Saporiti Machado, J.; Cruz, H.; Custódio, J.; Palma, P.; Dias, A.
Editor: Verlag Dashöfer
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Capítulo de Livro
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New Environmental Requirements
In the construction sector, overall policies on resource efficiency and the circular economy have as one of their objectives the shift from the use of natural mate-rials to industrial by-products and materials recovered from waste. In this context, the assessment of the presence of hazardous substances in construction products and the corresponding implications for the environment
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
103-119pp.
Author(s): Silva, H. M.; Martins, I. M.
: Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering. Materials, Structures and Buildings
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Cap. 5.
Keywords: Eco-labels; Ecotoxicity; Leaching; Hazardous substances; Environmental assessment; Construction materials
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Lisbon Living Lab
The Lisbon Living Lab will be centred on teenagers (young people 13 to 17 years of age) as they are a particular age group with specific needs and interests on public spaces, the relationship between teens and public spaces is very intrinsic, as public spaces may serve as a fundamental (play)ground for teenagers development. The Lisbons Alvalade neighbourhood will be living lab to explore how teenagers use and behaviour in urban fabric and what are they needs and preferences on public open spaces. The main objective is to engage teenagers in a process of the co-creation of urban spaces, by exploring the leading research question: How can we capitalise on teenagers new-found love of the wired life (Thomas, 2013) to encourage them to be more outdoors?
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
23-40.
Author(s): Batista, J.; Almeida, I.; Costa, C.; Menezes, M.
: C3Places - Using Using ICT for Co-Creation of Inclusive Public Places
Editor: Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Keywords: Teenagers; Lisbon; Digital tools; Co-creation; Living Lab
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Exploring co-creation as a learning process to (re)think public space from a transformative perspective
This chapter explores the potential of co-creation for the planning of public open spaces that could be more attentive to different, unequal and diverse social ideas, needs and desires. Co-creation is discussed as an innovative opportunity for learning and (re)thinking urban planning. Exploring ideas, literature and experiences (from the European Project C3Places), the chapter discusses the role of co-creation for involving citizens in placemaking. This reflection addresses co-creation as a collective, contextual and engaged process of learning. From this perspective, co-creation is discussed as an open process of learning about predictable ideas in the relationship between socio-spatial imaginary, requirements, needs and urban design procedures from a transformative perspective.
Year: 2020
Number Pages:
85-94pp..
Author(s): Menezes, M.; Mateus, D.
: Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice - Reflection - Learning
Editor: Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Volume:
4.
Keywords: Cocreation; Urban public space; Learning process; Adaptive process; Open creative opportunity; Sharing knowledge
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Foreword - Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice Reflection Learning
Public open space is a subject that belongs to us all. Every time we leave our homes, our private territory, we enter a space we have to share with others. Public space is the place for social interactions, strengthening sociability and ultimately exercising democracy. As a subject of study, public space has also long been analysed, explored and researched in various ways and under different guises, by planners, landscape architects and designers, anthropologists, social and cultural geographers, and urban historians. They all bring evidence on the role of public space in urban life, in the quality of urban environment and in the construction of cultural identity. Consequently, public space should deserve serious consideration by all - starting with those in charge and who hold regulatory responsibilities for those who use the places and ultimately give them life. As the UN-Habitat (2015) rightly recognises, a public space represents a key resource for social cohesion, economic development, and in particular liveability in urban settings. Public space is a resource that critically affects community values and positively impacts the quality of urban life. Backed by these premises, this book is about the co-creation of public open spaces, an issue at the core of the C3Places Project. To better understand the process, particularly the values of engaging people in the production of public space, is one of the C3Places objectives. The project is developing strategies and tools to help increase the quality and responsiveness of public spaces. In this process, the Project also aims to better understand how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can influence co-creation and social cohesion. The chapters of this book bring science a little closer to the knowledge about the design, production and management of public spaces. 37 authors responded to the Projects call to share experiences, visions and reflections on how co-creation and participatory processes can create possibilities for a sustainable and equitable future.
Year: 2020
Number Pages:
7-16p..
Author(s): Costa, C.; Menezes, M.; Ma?iulien?, M.
: Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice - Reflection - Learning
Editor: Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Volume:
4.
Keywords: Reflection; Learning; Practice; Urban public space; Cocreation; C3Places; foreword
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Os mundos de uma avenida em Lisboa: todos parte do mesmo retrato?
Face à metamorfose que se presencia na região da Avenida Almirante Reis, este capítulo discute a sua correlação com a criação de um novo discurso sobre a diversidade sociocultural. A partir do apelo a determinadas expressões por exemplo, mundo e mundos para enunciar a diversidade local, sugere-se a crescente transfiguração do discurso e a conexão com a economia cultural amplamente estimulada pela intervenção ali protagonizada. No desenvolvimento desta reflexão, privilegia-se o discurso produzido pela comunicação social.
Year: 2020
Number Pages:
228-237.
Author(s): Menezes, M.
: Atlas Almirante Reis
Editor: Tinta da China
Keywords: Lisboa; Diversidade; Avenida Almirante Reis
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Digital in action in a neighbourhood in transformation: Notes from Mouraria in Lisbon
The chapter considers the link between urban transformations in the Mouraria neighbourhood in Lisbon and the digital environment.The guiding thread of reflection is based on the tension between the production of sociocultural symbolic local references, and their (dis)appropriation by a creative economy that, relying on digital as a resource, helps to reshape the sociocultural local world into marketing. It concludes that digital has, not only a tangible social dimension, but also a tangible dimension in the processes of urban transformation. As such, it is pertinent to create alternative ways in defence of the right to the city that economize the social and its imageries taking more advantage of the articulated combination between real-digital.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
24-34pp.
Author(s): Menezes, M.
: Neighbourhood & City - Between digital and analogue perspectives | Bairro & Cidade - Entre perspetivas digitais e analógicas
Editor: Edições Universitárias Lusófona
Volume:
3.
Keywords: Co-transformation; Co-creation; Transformation; Territory; Urban; Real-digitial; Imaginary; Urban image; Mouraria; Social meanings
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Towards a framework for understanding the synergies between public spaces, people and technologies
This chapter is concerned with how digital technologies are changing habits, expectations and motivations in the use of public open spaces. These digital developments are a societal challenge with reflections on social practices and, on planning and design approaches to public spaces. This might also challenge the future development of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The discussion in this Chapter is based on knowledge and experience exchanges carried out within the COST Action CyberParks. The leading issue of CyberParks is how to use ICTs to transform our cities into more human environments, rather than just more high-tech places, and to understand that smartness should be people friendly. Through the structure of the project, the importance of comprehensive and trans-disciplinary development is introduced and justified. A theoretical approach and frameworks from ethnographic and technological perspectives that help us to better understand (potential) interactions are being developed, and both are at the centre of this discussion.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
2-16pp.
Author(s): Costa, C.; Menezes, M.; Kenna, T.; FRANCO, F.
: Keeping up with technologies to create the cognitive city
Editor: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Keywords: Methodologies; Research; Digitally mediated spaces; Public open spaces; ICT
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Building a theory on co-creating a Cyberpark: lessons learnt from the COST Action CyberParks and the Flussbad Project, Berlin
The aim of this chapter is to discuss the production of mediated public open spaces by investigating the impact of ICTs in a participation process, and from this discussion to develop arguments to base a theory on co-creating a cyberpark. It focuses on how digital interconnectivity, through its potential for engaging potential users, gives rise to new forms of agency in the design of public spaces.The conceptual framework is backed by the COST-Action Cyberparks, and the Project Flussbad, both tackle the reflection of the proliferation of ICT-related media in public open spaces.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
165-175pp.
Author(s): Costa, C.; BoveleT, J.; Dolata, K.; Menezes, M.
: The making of the mediated public space - Essays on emerging urban phenomena. CyberParks Project
Editor: Edições Lusófonas
Keywords: Digital habitat; Participation; Co-creation; Cyberpark; Public open spaces; ICT
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Walking as tactile method in urban planning and design
This chapter discusses the act of walking as a method of capturing the socio-spatial needs of users in a contemporary urban space. Walking as method is considered a way to assimilate a socio-spatial proximity experience, and to (re)invent the response to urban space needs in a fast-changing city. This reflection discusses the purposes of urban planning, provides a framework, which goes from socio-spatial urban needs to (possible) responses, and discusses the complexity of evaluating the information gathered. It highlights the role of walking in planning, but also the relationship between plan and walk, discussing some of the key aspects to bear in mind when taking the act of walking as a way to learn how to plan. From the sensitive act of walking to the rational processes of collecting information, e.g., techniques for basic information collection for urban planning, this chapter also presents the role that ICT can play as an instrument of socio-spatial design in capturing relevant information for urban planning professionals.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
65-74pp.
Author(s): Menezes, M.; Mateus, D.
: The making of the mediated public space - Essays on emerging urban phenomena. CyberParks Project. Lisbon:
Editor: Edições Lusófonas
Keywords: Socio-spatial proximity; Walking method; Urban planning; ICT tools
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Digital tools for capturing users needs on urban open spaces: Drawing lessons from cyberparks project
The chapter discusses how ICT can be used to enhance the understanding of the relationship between space, users and social practices. As an example of possible use of ICT for capturing and better understanding users needs, the new digital tool WAY Cyberparks is presented and discussed. A cyberpark is defined as a new type of urban landscape where nature and ICTs blend together to generate hybrid experiences and enhance quality of life. The WAY Cyberparks digital tool consists of a smart phone application, server/cloud and web services. Through the experiences from testing it in selected urban open spaces in Barcelona, Lisbon and Ljubljana opportunities are presented and lessons are drawn about relevant aspects of the ICT towards building a more participatory and collaborative process in planning of public spaces. A relevant aspect of the ICT lays in their ability to enhance communication with (potential) users, transforming the production of public open spaces into an interactive process, and enabling creative community participation and empowerment. Furthermore, some challenges of the increasing penetration of digital technologies devices (smart phones, smart watches, tablets, etc.) within the broader context of their use in public urban open spaces such as parks, gardens, squares, plazas are discussed, together with the consequences of this interweaving, which is growing at a rapid pace, unfolds research needs in the future.
Year: 2017
Number Pages:
177-194pp.
Author(s): Costa, C.; Martínez, A.; Erjavec , I.; Menezes, M.; Álvarez, F. A.; Pallares-Barbera, M.
: Citizen Empowerment and Innovation in the Data-Rich City
Editor: SPRINGER
Keywords: Digital tool; Insclusive spaces; Users; Management of open space; Urban public space; Cyberparks; ICT
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Tese de Doutoramento
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Conservação de construções de taipa: argamassas de reparação.
Atualmente existe grande interesse pelas técnicas construtivas com terra crua, que tinham caído em desuso mas que ressurgiram com a conscencialização face à ecoeficiencia e no sentido de explorar recursos locais reutilizáveis. A taipa é, a nível mundial, uma das mais antigas e difundidas técnicas de construção. Em Portugal a taipa reune grande atenção porque é uma das principais técnicas utilizadas na nova construção com terra. Mas esta atenção decorre também da necessidade de reabilitação de edifícios antigos e da existência de um vasto e valioso património arquitetónico, que precisa ser preservado. Muitos dos edifícios antigos de terra deterioraram-se por falta (ou ineficiência) de manutenção e reparação. De fato, existe um elevado desconhecimento ao nível das técnicas de reabilitação e conservação. O presente trabalho de investigação explora a questão da adequabilidade de argamassas para a reparação de paredes de taipa. A escassa informação nesta área justificou o estudo das caraterísticas mais adequadas para estas argamassas de reparação e definição de recomendações para sua aplicação. Partiu-se do pressuposto que, para perspetivar intervenções de reparação com maior ciclo de vida, é importante asseverar não só a durabilidade das argamassas de reparação, mas também a sua compatibilidade com a parede. A principal conclusão é que, sempre que possível, as argamassas devem ser efetuadas com a mesma terra utilizada na parede ou com materiais tão semelhantes a esses quanto possível, para que as propriedades físicas, mecânicas e químicas sejam compatíveis com as da parede a reparar. Se a taipa não tiver sido estabilizada com ligantes minerais, estes não devem também ser utilizados nas argamassas de reparação. Observou-se ainda que as argamassas estabilizadas com ligantes minerais apresentam uma absorção capilar muito mais rápida do que o mesmo tipo de argamassas sem estabilização e que a utilização de fibras vegetais potencia o aparecimento de bolores, quando as argamassas se encontram em ambientes com elevadas humidade relativa.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
357p.
Author(s): Gomes, I.
Keywords: Argamassas de reparação; Taipa; Construção com terra; Terra
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Salt crystallization in plastered or rendered walls
This thesis was aimed at understanding the behaviour of plasters and renders on salt-loaded walls. The current state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice were accessed focusing particularly on old plastered/rendered buildings and their conservation practice in Portugal. Afterwards, experimental work was carried out aiming at answering the identified questions. Two laboratory techniques, for relative humidity control with salt solutions and for salt content determination by hygroscopic moisture content measurements, were investigated. Drying of salt-loaded materials was studied by means of drying experiments monitored using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. The behaviour of plasters and renders in relation to salt crystallization was then accessed by means of crystallization tests and MRI-monitored drying tests. Most drying and crystallization tests were carried out on specimens composed by a plaster or render applied on a given substrate. Finally, the study of five old buildings in Portugal provided an insight into practice-related salt decay features. On the basis of this research, guidelines are proposed to select plasters and renders for salt loaded walls. Conclusions were also achieved on: (i) possibilities and limitations of the test methods, particularly salt crystallization tests, and diagnostic methodology used; (ii) salt decay processes, namely, influence of soluble salts on drying, mechanisms of salt-induced dampness and salt distribution in masonry; (iii) reasons for sodium chloride being typically much less damaging than sodium sulfate in laboratory tests; (iv) influence of factors such as the type of salt, kind of substrate material or presence of a paint layer on the behaviour of plasters and renders; (v) factors that can account for a worsening of salt damage after restoration interventions; (vi) field or application conditions that favour salt damage.
Year: 2007
Number Pages:
262.
Author(s): Gonçalves, T. D.
Keywords: Conservation; Built heritage; Cultural heritage; Renders; Plasters; Suflorescence; Efflorescence; Salt damp; Salt weathering; Salt decay; Crystallization; Salts; Efflorescencesoluble salts
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Dissertação de Mestrado
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Absorção por capilaridade de soluções salinas em materiais porosos
A ação dos sais solúveis e humidade nos edifícios antigos é uma causa frequente da sua degradação. Pretende-se com este trabalho estudar experimentalmente, através de ensaios laboratoriais, de que forma diferentes tipos de sais dissolvidos em água influenciam a absorção por capilaridade em materiais porosos. O levantamento do estado da arte incidiu sobre a ação de degradação dos sais solúveis sobre os materiais porosos, sobre as características dos materiais porosos e foca também os mecanismos de transporte da água, no estado liquido e de vapor, envolvidos nos processos de absorção capilar e secagem. A campanha experimental realizada incluiu o ensaio de absorção por capilaridade e o ensaio de secagem. Os materiais porosos utilizados foram o tijolo e a argamassa e utilizaram-se seis soluções salinas, de concentração saturada: cloreto de sódio, sulfato de sódio, cloreto de potássio, nitrato de sódio, nitrato de potássio e carbonato de sódio. Realizaram-se os mesmos ensaios com água, que serviram como referência. Esta dissertação permitiu tirar conclusões sobre: i) a influência dos sais na absorção por capilaridade; ii) processos de degradação, influência dos sais solúveis na secagem de materiais porosos; iii) a correlação existente entre a degradação dos materiais porosos com o tipo de sal.
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
90.
Author(s): Azevedo, J.
Keywords: Materiais porosos; Sais solúveis; Secagem; Absorção capilar
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The blue in Portuguese historical azulejos
Although Portuguese azulejos are such an important heritage asset, having been extensively studied from the Art Historian viewpoint, the knowledge concerning the raw materials used and the details of the technological manufacturing process is very limited. The research project behind this dissertation was aimed at improving the present knowledge as concerns the composition of the blue pigment used in the 17th and 18th centuries. A representative set of azulejos spanning at least 200 years from ca. 1600 to 1800 was selected and the composition of the blue colour in their glazes analysed. The results were assessed aiming to answer the following main questions: i- What are the characteristic compositions of the colour (pigment and impurities) and how do they relate with the chronology of the azulejos? ii- What are the compositional traits that bear on the shades of the blue colour? iii- Can Portuguese azulejos be separated from Dutch and Spanish productions, at times when they co-existed in Portugal, solely by the composition of the blue colour? iv- Is the composition of the blue colour related with provenance of azulejos within Portugal? v- Are there grounds to suspect that at some time the Portuguese used, besides the well-known German zaffre, alternative sources of blue colour imported through their wide sea trade routes?
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
110.
Author(s): Fares, M.
Keywords: Majolica colours; Cobalt blue; Glazed ceramics; Azulejo
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Drying of red ceramic brick. Effect of five silicone-based water-repellent treatments.
The presence of moisture inside a material whose surface was treated with a water repellent agent may give rise to unwanted side-effects. Indeed, the temporal and spatial significance of moistening events may be intensified if a water-repellent, as any other kind of treatment, hinders drying. This effect can be particularly relevant for historical buildings, where moisture from varied origins is recurrently present in the masonry, but is also pertinent for more recent constructions since water often finds ways to penetrate the building elements, through cracks or joints. This article discusses the application of water repellent treatments on ceramic brick, with regard to drying of the masonry. The influence of cracks parallel or perpendicular to the surface is taken into account. Five silicone-based treatments were studied. The treated or untreated material was subjected to capillary absorption tests by which the effectiveness of the water repellent effect was estimated, as well as water vapour permeability tests and drying tests. The effectiveness of four out of the five treatments is high. Vapour permeability is not much affected in one case, when the cracks are parallel to the surface, and in none of the cases, when they are perpendicular. Nonetheless, drying is significantly delayed by any of the five products, both in the case where the cracks are parallel to the surface as when they are perpendicular.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
81-92.
Author(s): Couto, S.; Gonçalves, T. D.; Grandão Lopes, J.
Keywords: Drying; Surface treatment; Hydrophobic; Water-repellent; Ceramic brick
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Análise macroscópica do efeito de dois modificadores de cristalização com baixa toxicidade
A presente dissertação visa avaliar a eficácia de dois modificadores de cristalização com baixa toxicidade quando em aplicados em dois materiais porosos, contaminados com dois tipos de sal. Foram testados o ácido cítrico e o ácido fosfocítrico, aplicados por absorção capilar ou por pulverização, em provetes de argamassa de cal aérea ou pedra de Malta saturados com soluções salinas de cloreto de sódio ou sulfato de sódio a 10% (percentagem ponderal). Foi efectuada uma análise macroscópica do efeito dos dois modificadores, baseada em ensaios de secagem. A pesquisa do estado-da-arte incidiu sobre as características dos materiais porosos, transporte de água, sais solúveis e modificadores de cristalização. Na campanha experimental foram ainda realizados ensaios de caracterização da argamassa fresca, da argamassa endurecida e da pedra de Malta utilizadas. Determinaram-se também as características de porosidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água, tensão superficial e evaporação das soluções, capilaridade e secagem. O trabalho realizado permitiu conhecer os principais desenvolvimentos recentes sobre modificadores de cristalização e concluir sobre a influência na secagem e a relevância dos dois modos de aplicação testados do ácido cítrico e do ácido fosfocítrico.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
106p.
Author(s): Cardeira, A.
Keywords: Sulfato de sódio; Secagem; Sais solúveis; Modificadores de cristalização; Materiais porosos; Inibidores de cristalização; Cloreto de sódio; Ácido fosfocítrico; Ácido cítrico
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Controlo e reparação de anomalias devidas à presença de sais solúveis em edifícios antigos
A acção dos sais solúveis é uma causa frequente de degradação dos edifícios antigos, reflectindo-se a vários níveis (e.g., estético, habitabilidade, segurança estrutural). Esta dissertação tem como objectivo efectuar a análise e sistematização de um leque abrangente de práticas actualmente utilizadas para controlo da degradação por sais solúveis. Neste âmbito, foi utilizada a análise documental de bibliografia posterior a 2000 e procedeu-se à análise crítica de métodos de controlo da degradação seleccionados: remoção mecânica de eflorescências; remoção de materiais contaminantes; compressas; remoção electroquímica de sais; microrganismos; modificadores de cristalização; rebocos; controlo ambiental; controlo da humidade ascensional; método do hidróxido de bário. Analisaram-se também algumas medidas práticas para prevenção do risco de ocorrência ou agravamento desta degradação. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se a complementaridade entre métodos, identificando eventuais benefícios de uma acção conjugada. A sistematização das práticas analisadas envolveu o seu enquadramento segundo três abordagens distintas: prevenção, correcção, e mitigação. A dissertação permitiu tirar conclusões sobre: (i) a actuação face à degradação provocada por sais solúveis, a qual deve pautar-se por uma compreensão global do problema; (ii) a importância das medidas preventivas, como meio para evitar os danos e custos associados; (iii) a relevância dos métodos de controlo da degradação, nas vertentes correctiva e de mitigação; (iv) a experiência actual sobre a utilização prática dos métodos em edifícios, designadamente com relação ao número de casos de estudo existentes; (v) a necessidade de uma boa compreensão das práticas referidas, nomeadamente em relação às vantagens e inconvenientes, a qual pode ser facilitada pela sua sistematização.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
83p.
Author(s): Puim, P.
Keywords: Edifícios antigos; Reabilitação; Degradação; Prevenção; Sais solúveis
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Estudo da camada pictórica na azulejaria portuguesa do século XVII
Estudou-se um conjunto de fragmentos de azulejos datados do século XVII, de produção portuguesa, cedido pelo Museu Nacional do Azulejo. O objectivo foi caracterizar morfológica e quimicamente a camada pictórica da azulejaria portuguesa do século XVII. O estudo utilizou uma abordagem multi-analítica, incluindo a espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X dispersiva de energias (µ-EDXRF), espectroscopia de Raman, o microscópio electrónico de varrimento com microanálise de raios X (SEM-EDS), e técnicas de observação incluindo o SEM e microscopia óptica. A azulejaria portuguesa do século XVII caracteriza-se por uma paleta cromática relativamente rica, que engloba o azul, amarelo, laranja, verde, púrpura, um tom púrpura acastanhado e ainda outro castanho muito escuro utilizado em contornos. As cores integram um fundo branco o vidrado estanífero característico da majólica. Confirmou-se que o azul se deve ao óxido de cobalto, o púrpura ao óxido de manganês e um dos verdes, de aparência transparente, ao óxido de cobre. Os resultados indicam que o amarelo será uma variante do pigmento amarelo de Nápoles (antimoniato de chumbo), constituído por um óxido triplo de Pb-Sb-Zn. As outras cores são obtidas através de misturas: o laranja resulta da adição de hematite ao pigmento amarelo, o verde-seco resulta da adição de óxido de cobalto também ao pigmento amarelo, e os vários tons entre púrpura e castanho resultam da mistura de hematite com óxido de manganês em teores variáveis. Observaram-se morfologias distintas das cores: o amarelo, laranja e castanho-escuro permanecem à superfície do vidrado e conferem-lhe cores opacas. O azul, o verde-cobre e o púrpura difundem no vidrado em profundidade e, por vezes, horizontalmente. Os seus óxidos dissolvem-se na matriz vítrea, obtendo-se uma cor transparente. Com o verde-seco ocorre uma separação dos componentes da cor, na medida em que as partículas de pigmento amarelo permanecem à superfície, enquanto o azul difunde no vidrado.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
41.
Author(s): Coentro, S.
Keywords: Heritage tiles; Glazed ceramics; Cerâmica vidrada; Composição e morfologia da cor; Análise química; Azul de cobalto; Pigmentos; Azulejos históricos
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Utilização de hidrófugos de superfície em materiais cerâmicos. Influência na secagem.
A presente dissertação tem por finalidade compreender a influência dos tratamentos hidrófugos na secagem do tijolo cerâmico, tendo assentado na realização de ensaios de absorção capilar, permeabilidade ao vapor de água e secagem. Foi inicialmente avaliada a possibilidade de utilização de tijolo cerâmico maciço de três proveniências distintas. Uma destas origens foi a Praça de Touros do Campo Pequeno, em Lisboa, que permitiu estudar quatro tipos distintos de tijolo antigo. As outras duas origens foram as cerâmicas Torreense e de Vale de Gândara, tratando-se portanto neste caso de tijolos de fabrico recente. Os diferentes tipos de tijolo foram caracterizados quanto à sua aparência, morfologia, teor de sal, absorção capilar e comportamento em secagem. O tijolo de Vale de Gândara foi o tipo seleccionado para a aplicação dos tratamentos hidrófugos. Foi detectada a presença de fissuras neste tipo tijolo, tal como em todos os outros tipos caracterizados. Sendo este defeito relevante para o transporte de humidade, foi necessário ter em consideração a influência da orientação preferencial das fissuras. Assim, utilizaram-se em todos os ensaios provetes com fissuras paralelas e provetes com fissuras perpendiculares à superfície. Estudaram-se cinco tratamentos hidrófugos com base em silicone. Foram realizados ensaios de absorção capilar através da face tratada, ensaios de permeabilidade ao vapor de água e ensaios de secagem (método RILEM da curva de evaporação). Realizaram-se ensaios semelhantes sobre o material não-tratado, que serviram como referência. Os resultados do ensaio de absorção capilar indicam que a eficácia de quatro dos tratamentos é elevada, sendo a secagem do tijolo significativamente dificultada por esses quatro produtos. Verificou-se, no entanto, que o decréscimo da permeabilidade ao vapor apenas é significativo para três hidrófugos. A influência dos hidrófugos na permeabilidade ao vapor apenas é mensurável no caso dos provetes com fissuras paralelas à base. Quando as fissuras são perpendiculares à base, a permeabilidade ao vapor é bastante mais elevada, não sendo afectada pelo hidrófugo.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
170.
Author(s): Couto, S.
Keywords: Edifícios antigos; Materiais porosos; Tratamentos superficiais; Humidade; Secagem; Tijolos; Materiais cerâmicos; Hidrófugos
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Influência dos revestimentos por pintura na secagem do suporte
A presente dissertação visa compreender a influência dos revestimentos por pintura na secagem de materiais de construção porosos, tendo focado a nível experimental o caso dos substratos constituídos por uma argamassa de cal aérea. Aborda-se, em particular, o caso dos edifícios antigos e, mais especificamente, a situação das paredes com teor de humidade não desprezável que é muito corrente neste tipo de edifícios. O levantamento do estado-da-arte incide sobre as características dos materiais porosos, em particular as argamassas de cal aérea, e de diferentes tipos de revestimentos por pintura indicados para este tipo de utilização. Foca também os mecanismos de transporte de humidade envolvidos nos processos de secagem. Efectuou-se uma pesquisa de mercado e um inquérito ao meio técnico com o objectivo de perceber quais os revestimentos por pintura usados em intervenções de reabilitação / conservação e, assim, avaliar a situação da prática em Portugal. A campanha experimental a seguir realizada incluiu ensaios de permeabilidade ao vapor de água, de absorção capilar e de secagem e incidiu sobre dezasseis revestimentos por pintura disponíveis no mercado português. Treze destes revestimentos são tintas de silicatos, de silicone ou de pliolite que os respectivos fornecedores indicaram serem apropriadas para aplicação em paredes com problemas de humidade. Ensaiaram-se ainda duas tintas de cal de fabrico industrial e uma tinta plástica que serviu como referência. A dissertação permitiu obter dados sobre o estado-da-prática em Portugal, em particular no que se refere aos tipos de tintas usados em paredes de edifícios antigos com teor de humidade não desprezável. Permitiu também retirar conclusões sobre: (i) a influência dos revestimentos por pintura na secagem, na absorção de água por capilaridade e na permeabilidade ao vapor de água; (ii) a influência que o estado de humidificação do suporte pode ter no comportamento dos revestimentos; (iii) a correlação existente entre o comportamento à secagem (índice de secagem) e a permeabilidade ao vapor de água, que é a característica correntemente utilizada para prever o desempenho dos revestimentos.
Year: 2009
Author(s): BRITO, Vânia
Keywords: Transporte de humidade; Argamassas de cal; Secagem; Materiais porosos; Edifícios antigos; Tintas de cal; Tintas de pliolite; Tintas de silicone; Tintas de silicato; Revestimentos por pintura
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Relatório Científico
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Materiais de construção porosos - Avaliação do teor de sal através do teor de humidade higroscópica (HMC)
Este relatório apresenta um método para aferir o teor de sal de materiais de construção porosos, como a pedra, as argamassas e os materiais cerâmicos, através do seu teor de humidade higroscópico (HMC). O método, que se baseia em trabalho de investigação prévio, é aqui detalhadamente apresentado, sob a forma de protocolo de ensaio.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
29pp.
Author(s): Gonçalves, T. D.
Editor: LNEC
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Caracterização de sais solúveis em amostras de Granito da Sé do Porto
Na continuação dos estudos que o Núcleo de Materiais Pétreos e Cerâmicos do Departamento de Materiais tem vindo a realizar na Sé do Porto, foram recolhidas por aquele Núcleo oito amostras de granito na fachada da Sé para identificação e quantificação dos sais solúveis em água. Neste relatório apresentam-se os resultados obtidos na identificação e quantificação dos aniões e catiões presentes nos extractos aquosos das amostras.
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
40pp.
Author(s): Esteves, A.; Catarino, J.
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Sobre uma estratégia de participação em projectos de I&D ao abrigo do 7º Programa Quadro da UE
O Sétimo Programa Quadro para a investigação e o desenvolvimento técnico (7PQ) é o principal instrumento da União Europeia (EU) para o financiamento da investigação durante o período 2007-2013, contendo em si todas as iniciativas da EU relativas à investigação e seguindo-se à vigência do 6PQ (2002-06), 5PQ (1998-02), 4PQ (1994-98), etc.
Year: 2008
Number Pages:
17.
Author(s): Mimoso, J.
Keywords: Projectos de i&d
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Dessalinização por compressas - Guia para investigação e intervenção
Neste documento apresenta-se a técnica de dessalinização por compressas de materiais de construção porosos afectados pela acção de sais solúveis, analisando os aspectos que estão na base da sua acção dessalinizante. A aplicação correcta dos métodos de dessalinização de materiais de construção é uma componente importante para o sucesso do tratamento a efectuar sobre superfícies salinizadas e a sua investigação deve constituir uma preocupação central da intervenção. Ela deve iniciar-se pela experimentação em laboratório, para selecção dos métodos que manifestem um bom desempenho e que deverão, então, ser objecto de outro nível de análise, correspondente à sua aplicabilidade em obra, para responder a necessidades concretas de intervenção. O presente documento contém um método de estudo do processo de dessalinização por compressas, fornece directivas sobre como efectuar a selecção dos respectivos materiais e descreve os métodos de dessalinização a adoptar em função das características do substrato a dessalinizar e das condições de aplicação. O presente documento visa constituir um guia, tanto para a investigação sobre o desempenho de compressas de dessalinização, como para a realização de tratamentos de dessalinização in situ.
Year: 2007
Number Pages:
42pp.
Author(s): Nunes, C.; Rodrigues, J.
Keywords: Conservação; Sais solúveis; Compressas; Dessalinização
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DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS - Cloister of Santa Clara-a-Nova Monastery, Coimbra (upper damage)
This report concerns the cloister of Santa Clara-a-Nova Monatery, Coimbra, used as a case-study of the EU project COMPASS. It focuses the assessment of damage, diagnosis and advice for repair of salt decay anomalies. It concludes that it is necessary to solve the infiltrations of water from the rain, by repairing the roof of the cloister building and to replace the damaged cement-based render. Renders of low capillary absorption or low water vapour permeability, which may amplify the effects of the capillary rise, should be avoided. A transporting render is adequate.
Year: 2004
Number Pages:
19.
Author(s): Gonçalves, T. D.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Renders; Santa clara-a-nova; Case-study; Salt decay; Crystallization; Soluble salts
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DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS - St. Sebastian Church, Almada
This report concerns São Sebastião Church, Almada, which was used as a case-study of the EU project COMPASS. It focuses the assessment of damage, diagnosis and advice for repair of salt decay anomalies. It concludes that capillary is probably the main source of moisture and nitrates the main type of salt (although chlorides were also detected). The high damage state of the lime-mortars seems to be due, in a great extent, to their low mechanical resistance and very high absorption. The new plasters and renders should prevent crystallization from occurring inside the weak substrate lime-mortars, which easily deteriorate.
Year: 2004
Number Pages:
13.
Author(s): Gonçalves, T. D.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Almada; São sebastião church; Renders; Case-study; Salt decay; Crystallization; Soluble salts
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DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS Alhos-Vedros tide-mill, Moita
This report concerns Alhos-Vedros tide-mill, Moita, which was used as a case-study of the EU project COMPASS. It focuses the assessment of damage, diagnosis and advice for repair of salt decay anomalies. It concludes that, in the ground floor, plaster damage is due to the simultaneous presence of moisture and salts. Capillary rise and leakage from the cover roof and window frames are two obvious origins of moisture. Water vapour condensation is also a possible source of moisture but the knowledge of its relevance requires further testing.
Year: 2004
Number Pages:
17.
Author(s): Gonçalves, T. D.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Plasters; Alhos vedros tide-mill; Case-study; Salt decay; Crystallization; Soluble salts
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DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS Cloister of Santa Clara-a-Nova Monastery, Coimbra (lower damage)
This report concerns the cloister of Santa Clara-a-Nova Monatery, Coimbra, used as a case-study of the EU project COMPASS. It focuses the assessment of damage, diagnosis and advice for repair of salt decay anomalies. It concludes that measures should be taken for trying to lower the amount of moisture reaching the base of the walls, namely to improve the drainage of the cloister garden and to prevent the excessive use of water in cleaning operations. The damaged cement-based render should be replaced. Renders of low capillary absorption or low water vapour permeability, which may amplify the effects of the capillary rise, should be avoided. A transporting render is adequate.
Year: 2004
Number Pages:
14.
Author(s): Gonçalves, T. D.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Renders; Santa clara-a-nova; Case-study; Salt decay; Crystallization; Soluble salts
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DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS Salvas Chapel, Sines
This report concerns Salvas Chapel, Sines, which was used as a case-study of the EU project COMPASS. It focuses the assessment of damage, diagnosis and advice for repair of salt decay anomalies. It concludes that capillary rise is probably the main source of moisture. Further research seems necessary to detect the origin of the rising damp (superficial draining water or phreatic water). Measures to reduce the capillary rise should be taken, according to the results of this research.
Year: 2004
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Gonçalves, T. D.; Delgado Rodrigues, J.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Sines; Salvas church; Renders; Case-study; Salt decay; Crystallization; Soluble salts
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ICT
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Vocabulário ilustrado da degradação dos azulejos históricos
O Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil tem vindo a desenvolver um estudo no domínio da conservação dos azulejos históricos que permitiu, nalguns casos relevantes, estabelecer uma ligação entre determinados defeitos de fabrico e formas específicas de degradação. Esse estudo demonstrou a conveniência no estabelecimento de um glossário ilustrado, incluindo defeitos de fabrico e formas de degradação e contemplando alguma terminologia nova. É esse trabalho, saído de uma colaboração com o Museu Nacional do Azulejo, que agora se apresenta num vocabulário que inclui também algumas definições básicas, cobrindo termos necessários às definições subsequentes de defeitos de fabrico e de formas de degradação. Os termos em relação aos quais pareceu aos autores poderem subsistir dúvidas têm anexas ilustrações exemplificativas.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
41pp.
Author(s): Mimoso, J.; Esteves, L.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Pt; Vocabulário técnico; Defeito de material de construção; Degradação de material de construção; Património histórico; Azulejo
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Outro
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Betões - Metodologias para prevenir reações químicas expansivas de origem interna
N/A
Year: 2022
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Betão; Expansão do betão; Reação sulfática interna; Reações alcalis-agregado
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Betões - Pozolanas especificações para uso no betão
N/A
Year: 2022
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Betão; Norma; Agregados; Pozolana
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Betões - Avaliação da conformidade do recobrimento das armaduras
N/A
Year: 2021
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Marca de conformidade; Inspeção; Betão; Recobrimento de armaduras
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Betões - Guia para a classificação de superfícies de betão à vista
N/A
Year: 2021
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Betão aparente; Betão armado; Superfícies de betão
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Planning Perspectives and Approaches for ActivatingUnderground Built Heritage
This paper delivers actionable recommendations towards building a rationale for activating and promoting Underground Built Heritage (UBH) based on the nexus heritage, territory and society, and making use of existing literature and findings from five international cases. The research was conducted in the framework of the working group on Planning Approaches of the COST Action Underground4value. The analysis of the cases aims to provide guidelines for this working group and to benchmark good practices in activating UBH. It highlights the importance of community-led initiatives, leadership and dialogue and power sharing between the local/regional authorities and communities aiming for better understanding of the potential of UBH. The successes and/or failures of the five cases emphasise the importance of knowledge and experience in participatory approaches. Success was verified, when effectiveness and democratic principles were combined in the planning process, and local history is integrated with citizen science, co-creation and placemaking. The analysed approaches stimulate a new hybrid layer for activating UBH, provide mechanisms of mediation between people and heritage, and contribute to cultural and social dimensions of sustainability. This is a highly challenging endeavour, as it seeks to support and advance a sound understanding of UBH as a sustainable resource, backed by strategic stakeholder dialogue and contextual knowledge. Such effort requires a dynamic understanding of UBH values, knowledge, abilities and skills, towards creating more effective coalitions of actors within localities, by developing structures, which encourage long term collaborative relationships.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
15p.
Author(s): Costa, C.; Menezes, M.; Ivanova-Radovanova, P; Ruchinskaya, T.; Lalenis, K.; Bocci, M.
: Sustainability
Editor: MDPI
Volume:
13(18).
Keywords: public participation; place and citizen-based approaches; placemaking; underground heritage
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Betões - Determinação da permeabilidade ao oxigénio
N/A
Year: 2019
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Betão endurecido; Oxigénio; Ensaio de betão; Permeabilidade do betão
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Materiais históricos: entre tradição e inovação
A caracterização dos materiais históricos e a identificação do respetivo estado de conservação engloba um corpus de conhecimento teórico, prático e metodológico essencial para a conservação e o restauro do património cultural arquitetónico e arqueológico. Refletir sobre os materiais históricos para intervir no património requer, pois, contemplar a variedade de materiais a partir das suas múltiplas facetas, reivindicando uma perspetiva pluri e interdisciplinar na elaboração do conhecimento científico. Requer também aprofundar o estudo das tecnologias e materiais tradicionais, o que contribui para densificar o campo de conhecimento sobre o património e, cientificamente, definir os requisitos de compatibilidade e eficiência dos novos materiais, paralelamente colaborando para a salvaguarda do saber técnico tradicional.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Menezes, M.; Santos Silva, A.
Keywords: Congress; istoric heritage; Archeological heritage /; Architectural heritage; Cultural heritage; Heritage conservation; Materials conservation; Construction material; Cngresso; Património histórico; Património arqueológico; Património arquitetónico; Património cultural; Conservação de património; Conservação de materiais; Material de construção
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PATRIMA_2016
O artigo trata de uma síntese de resultados do Congresso Ibero-Americano Património, suas matérias e imatérias, LNEC, Lisboa, 2-3 de novembro de 2016, constituindo-se um artigo de noticías.
Year: 2017
Number Pages:
1p.
Author(s): Menezes, M.; Costa, D.; Mimoso, J.
: Pedra & CAL
Editor: GECoRPA - Grémio do Património
Volume:
61.
Keywords: Resultados; PATRIMA; Congresso Ibero Americano
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Prefácio do Livro "A supremacia do Pedestre"
O tabalho faz uma apresentação crítica do Livro " A supremacia do Pedestre", da autoria de Fábio Fonseca e Antonio Colchete Filho, tendo o Livro sido editado pela UNALFA: Editora da Unviersidade FEderal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Braisl.
Year: 2016
Author(s): Menezes, M.
Keywords: Urbanismo; Planeamento; Cidades criativas; Calçadão; Pedestre
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Determinação do teor de cimento numa amostra de betonilha
É analisada uma amostra de betonilha para determinação do teor de cimento. As análises incluíram a realização de ensaios de resistência à compressão, termogravimetria e químicos.
Year: 2014
Author(s): Ribeiro, A. C.; Santos Silva, A.
Keywords: Resistência à compressão; Teor de cimento; Análise termogravimétrica; Ensaios químicos; Caraterização; Betonilha
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