Publications

The use of adhesives to produce assembled structural joints in the building industry is increasing, particularly in the context of on-site rehabilitation of timber structures. On their own or together with steel or fibre reinforced polymer composite connecting materials, adhesives can provide low intrusive, fast, versatileand effective on-site repair or reinforcement interventions to timber structures. Most common applicationsinvolve sealing and repair of cracks, drying fissures and delamination of glued laminated members; replacement of decayed beam ends; strengthening of timber members; and repair and strengthening of mechanical timber joints. The performance of bonded joints highly depends on their design and detailing, surfaces preparation, selection and application of adhesives, and full compliance with their cure schedule. Therefore, the work should be carried out by well-informed, trained and certified operators following a QualityAssurance Program to ensure satisfactory end-product strength and durability.Despite some recent developments, the exploitation of the full potential for on-site bonded joints is mainlyrestrained at present by the lack of structural design guidance, standards for durability assessment and onsiteacceptance testing.This article discusses briefly the use of adhesives on the construction site in the context of structural repair and reinforcement; the requirements and practical difficulties in the work on site with regards to the strength and durability of the rehabilitated timber structure; and the consequent need for quality control. It also highlights the characteristics and requirements that must be fulfilled by structural adhesives and reinforcingmaterials; factors affecting performance and durability of bonded joints; and ways to improve adhesion and durability. Finally, it points out some research needs and future developments identified by the authors.© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010

The use of adhesives to produce assembled structural joints in the building industry is increasing, particularlyin the context of on-site rehabilitation of timber structures. On their own or together with steel orfibre reinforced polymer composite connecting materials, adhesives can provide low intrusive, fast, versatileand effective on-site repair or reinforcement interventions to timber structures. Most common applicationsinvolve sealing and repair of cracks, drying fissures and delamination of glued laminated members; replacementof decayed beam ends; strengthening of timber members; and repair and strengthening of mechanicaltimber joints. The performance of bonded joints highly depends on their design and detailing, surfacespreparation, selection and application of adhesives, and full compliance with their cure schedule. Therefore,the work should be carried out by well-informed, trained and certified operators following a QualityAssurance Program to ensure satisfactory end-product strength and durability.Despite some recent developments, the exploitation of the full potential for on-site bonded joints is mainlyrestrained at present by the lack of structural design guidance, standards for durability assessment and onsiteacceptance testing.This article discusses briefly the use of adhesives on the construction site in the context of structural repairand reinforcement; the requirements and practical difficulties in the work on site with regards to the strengthand durability of the rehabilitated timber structure; and the consequent need for quality control. It alsohighlights the characteristics and requirements that must be fulfilled by structural adhesives and reinforcingmaterials; factors affecting performance and durability of bonded joints; and ways to improve adhesion anddurability. Finally, it points out some research needs and future developments identified by the authors.

In recent years an increased shift in the geographical range of species has been documented, which coincides with globalwarming. On the Portuguese coast the raising of sea-surface temperatures and salinity has also been affecting the intertidal species range. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the wood boring community present in the Tagus Estuary by comparing data from present surveys with historical records from the 1960s and 1970s. A shift in the activity of wood boring species was observed in the Tagus Estuary. In recent surveys, the main agents of wood destruction in the Tagus were Limnoria tripunctata and Limnoria quadripunctata. In the 1960s and 1970s only L. tripunctata was reported as occurring in the Tagus estuary but it was not considered at threat to wooden structures exposed in the sea. The present predominance of limnoriids in the Tagus might be related to several factors but possibly the most important was the increase in salinity in the area, as limnoriids appear to be restricted to waters with salinities closed to that of seawater. The teredinid species also changed in the area. In the 1960s and 1970s Teredo navalis was reported as the only teredinid species occurring in the Tagus. In recent surveys however, this species was not found, instead two other teredinid species were present Lyrodus pedicellatus and Nototeredo norvagica. The absence of T. navalis in recent surveys might be related to competition with L. pedicellatus.

As concerns for the quality and durability of buildings are grow¬ing. solutions are needed to increase the likelihood of being able to preserve the physical and mechanical integrity of constructions. and this is more demanding when the building has historical value (1).Conspicuous among the anomalies currently most observed in buildings' timber structures are those caused by xylotrophic organ¬isms such as rot fungi and subterranean termites. as well as dry¬wood termites and woodworms, The first two occur in timber with high moisture content and the second two in dry timber Keeping timber in a good state of preservation and remediate an infection 01' infestation both normally require the use of chemical compounds [2], Treating the wood or using treated wood not only helps homeowners save money but also conserves forests (3.4], Details of these treatment products should nevertheless be duly noted after applicationUntil the early 1990s the use of CCA (chromated copper arse¬nate) compounds and active substances such as pentachlorophe¬nol. copper, tin or lindane applied in organic solvents (LOSP) was generalized [2-41. Although some of these formulations were very efficient at extending the life of wood. the health hazard to workers and the risk of environmental impact on the soil and landscape has to be seriously considered [3.4]. In the last few decades severerestrictions were therefore imposed on the use of many of the sub¬stances mentioned above in Europe [51. and in the USA where for instance, CCA was phased out of all new residential uses. from Jan¬uary 2004 [61,Some traditional products based on established practices are also in general use, They include linseed oil, a good water repellent finishing, and used motor oil. which is often applied (particularly in Portugal) in the preventive treatment of wood. though with very arguable effectiveness.Present day maintenance or rehabilitation interventions in old buildings will necessarily lead to the use of newer and more envi¬ronmentally benign products on existing timber (Fig. 1). However, the effectiveness of curative/preventive measures is often impaired by the presence of previous treatments or finishes, not always well documented and difficult to characterize.In this context. there is a need for a penetration test that would allow swift evaluation whether a particular new wood preserva¬tive eao be used, The test should also be of minimum disturbance to the structure under rehabilitation,

A preferência por Pinho bravo "resinado" / "não resinado" é ainda frequentemente expressa em Cadernos de Encargos. No entanto, as consequências para a qualidade da madeira de Pinheiro bravo (Pinus pinaster Ait.) resultantes da práctica de resinagem à vida (extracção moderada de resina, ao longo de muitos anos) têm sido alvo de discussão, não havendo consenso quanto à vantagem de um ou outro tipo de madeira. Tanto se assiste à preferência por madeira resinada, acreditando que o afluxo de resina aumenta a sua durabilidade, como à preferência por madeira não resinada baseada na sua hipotética maior resistência mecânica. Os conceitos "madeira seca" e "madeira tratada" correspondem a dois parâmetros distintos da especificação de uma madeira e não podem ser confundidos. A secagem da madeira pretende sobretudo minimizar a variação dimensional dos elementos após aplicação em obra, enquanto o tratamento (preservação) da madeira corresponde à introdução na madeira de um produto preservador destinado a conferir-lhe durabilidade adequada face ao risco de ataque de agentes biológicos.

Na reabilitação de edificios antigos surge muitas vezes a necessidade de empregar madeira semelhante à original, de forma a minimizar o impacto da intervenção. Esta preocupação leva à especificação de madeira pela respectiva designação comercial, por se associar a essa designação um conjunto de características [estéticas, mecãnicas e de durabilidade) "garantidas".O resultado nem sempre é satisfatório de. vida,I) à qualidade [defeitos e característicasestruturais) variar entre lotes oriundos de diferentes localizaçóes geográficas com condições de crescimento distintas [Figura I) e mesmo dentro de um dado lote de madeira;2) à mesma designação comercial abranger um conjunto de material, por vezes muito diversificado.

Occurrence of the West Indian drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis, isregistered for the first time as established populations in Barcelona (Spain) and also additional information is given regarding a recent record from Lisbon (Portugal). This serious invasive termite pest wasdetected in five buildings in Barcelona, Spain and one building in Lisbon,Portugal.

A passagem do furacão Katrina pelo Golfo do México em 29 de Agosto de 2005 e os seus efeitos devastadores na costa sul dos Estados Unidos, em termos humanos e materiais, estão ainda bem presentes no terreno e na nossa memória colectiva.Este furacão foi dos mais fortes a atingir a costa dos Estados Unidos da América nos últimos 100 anos. Atingiu os estados de Luisiana, Alabama e Mississípi, sendo a inundação de cerca de 80% da cidade de New Orleans, em consequência da falha do sistema de diques que deveriam proteger a sua área metropolitana das águas do lago Pontchartrain, a face mais visivel da destruição causada.As inundações, os ventos fortes [superiores a 140mph, cerca de 22Skm/h] que lhe garantiram a classificação de furacão de grau 4 ao atingir a costa dos EUA, a chuva intensa e os detritos transportados pelo furacão destruíram ou tornaram inabitáveis mais de 300.000 casas na região costeira do Golfo.Os prejuízos estimados ascenderam a 96 mil milhões de dólares, com mais de 1800 mortos, 1,1 milhões de pessoas evacuadas e 770.000 deslocadas.Fora das zonas inundadas, o vento, a chuva e os detritos lançados pelo vento causaram extensos danos nas construções, entre elas um grande número de edifícios aligeirados com estrutura de madeira, que correspondem ao sistema de construção corrente de edifícios unifamiliares realizados muitas vezes em regime de auto-construção.Sem pôr em causa a extrema violência da tempestade, a destruição verifica da pareceu no entanto algo desproporcionada, suscitando em alguns meios considerações menos abonatórias relativamente às casas de madeira.A análise dos danos infligidos a estas casas e respectivos pormenores construtivos permitiria no entanto concluir que a devastação se deveu em grande medida a deficiências sistemáticas presentes nos edifícios, relevantes para a sua resistência ao vento, e que esta teria sido muito minimizada se a construção tivesse seguido os princípios e normas regulamentares de dimensionamento e de construção vigentes.Um estudo recentemente apresentado por Gopu e Levitan [1] sistematiza os danos so¬fridos durante o furacão pelas construções aligeiradas com estrutura de madeira e identifica as deficiências mais frequentemente encontradas nestes edifícios. Aponta ainda as principais lições a retirar e algumas medidas que poderiam ter evitado, e permitirão evitar de futuro, semelhantes níveis de destruição.O texto que se segue procura transcrever, no essencial, os resultados do estudo apresenta¬do por esses autores.

A especificação da madeira para a construção assenta ainda hoje, muitas vezes, em critérios pouco objectivos, de difícil verificação e reduzida eficácia.Algumas especificações

This article presents a nonlinear finite element model developed to simulate the load-deformation behavior of wood joints when loaded by a dowel-type fastener. Particular attention was paid to the initialload-deformation behavior that had a significant influence on the joint stiffness, a joint property with a largeinfluence on the mechanical behavior of wood-based composite structures connected with semirigid joints.To obtain accurate predictions of joint deformation, the material models available in the literature were adapted and nonlinear deformations were taken into consideration during very early loading. The proposedmodel precisely describes the embedding behavior of different wood species and densities. Numerical results compared very well with those obtained in experiments. Based on this analysis, the recommendation is to obtain the material model inputs based on design values available in the literature.

COST Action FP 1303

The aim of the present work was to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment study ofthermally-modified Atlanticwood® pine boards based on real data provided by theSantos & Santos Madeiras company. Atlanticwood® pine boards have severalapplications, but are mainly used for exterior decking and the cladding facades ofbuildings. The LCA study was conducted based on the ISO 14040/44 standard and PCR

Bridge falsework systems are one of the most common temporary structures used in theconstruction industry, namely to support the formwork during the construction of concrete bridges. Inthis paper the results of numerical studies of a selected structural system are presented using a noveljoint finite element and information gathered from experimental tests. In the present paper, differenthazard scenarios associated with bridge falsework systems will be analysed, such as: (i) bracingconfigurations; (ii) joint characteristics; (iii) falsework using steel beam girders. For each consideredhazard scenario, the resistance is calculated and analysed. From the results, relevant practicalinformation could be obtained which can be used to reduce the risk associated with the design andoperation of bridge falsework systems.

Bridge falsework systems are one of the most common temporary structures used during the construction of concrete bridges. In this paper the results obtained from numerical studies of a selected structural system made of steel are presented. In particular, risks associated with bridge falsework systems will be analysed for the most relevant external hazards: (i) concrete casting loads; (ii) wind loads; (iii) ground settlements. For each considered hazard scenario, the resistance of the system is calculated and analysed based on deterministic analyses. From the results, relevant practical information is obtained which can reduce the risk associated with the design and operation of bridge falsework systems.

Na assessment procedure for bending performance of timber beams on-site by combining informationfrom diferente non or semi-destructive methods is presented and discussed. Different methods were applied (core drilling, pilodyn, ultrasounds and stress waves) to old timber beams removed from a building given the fact after visual inspection it was decided that they will no longer able to comply to the limit state requirements. The study comprised the visual grading of the beams and afterwards a proof-load test was applied to them for obtaining the modulus of elasticity. The information obtained from the different tests are combined using meta-analysis and probabilistic methods and the results obtained solely from visual grading or by the application of a proposed coherent procedure (combining all data) compared. The results showed that SDT/NDT methods can be useful for the confirmation of visual strength grading results. Thus a more reliable structural analysis can be performed and a more informed decision yaken about the serviceability state of the structure.

Pine (Pinus pinaster) wood samples were subjected to a combined densification andheat treatment process. Samples were densified before and after heat treatment. The heattreatment was carried out inside an oven at 190ºC for 2 to 6 h and wood densificationwas performed in a hot press at around 48 bar pressure and at temperatures of between160ºC and 200ºC for 30 min. Compression rate and density were determined after thetreatment. Set recovery was determined by thee cycles of water soaking followed byoven drying. The best results were attained when densification was done before heattreatment. The set recovery was less than 30% for the first two cycles and a little higherin the third cycle. For wood treated for 6 hours, the set recovery was less than 15%.Heat treatment before densification seems to be less effective than after densification to enable set-recovery.

Timber is highly interesting from the point of view of sustainable construction and, besides most traditional uses it has received increasing attention in modern building industry. However, both the timber material and timber structures require particular attention, care and adequate strategies concern in materials specification, design, detailing, maintenance and repair for extended life.Specific to timber as a raw material are its great variability, anisotropy, hygroscopic nature and the risk of biological degradation in adverse exposure conditions. Highly important or the performance and safety of timber structures are also the detailing of timber joints, dimensional variations and tensile stresses perpendicular to the wood grain, that often converge to cause malfunctions.

Embora a maioria das aplicações estruturais dos compósitos de madeira-plástico (CMP) serestrinja aos pavimentos residenciais, mobiliário urbano e a vedações, têm sidodesenvolvidos produtos de CMP para aplicações estruturais mais exigentes, tais como subestruturas residenciais, pavimentos industriais, elementos de fundação, pontes pedonais e estruturas para docas.Os produtos de CMP exibem uma ampla gama de propriedades e características dedesempenho de acordo com a sua formulação, forma geométrica, tipo, teor e tratamentodas fibras e, características da interface matriz-fibras.Podendo o desempenho dos produtos de CMP variar em função de um grande número defatores, as suas propriedades, características de desempenho e a sua durabilidade devem ser avaliados para cada produto comercial.Neste artigo, são apresentados os métodos de avaliação de aptidão ao uso de kits de CMPusados para revestimento de piso em terraços na zona envolvente de edifícios, bem comoas características obtidas com dois destes produtos, concluindo-se da adequabilidade dosmesmos para as aplicações em vista.

Alterações de uso, a ocorrência de deterioração ou o colapso parcial são situações que requerem a necessidade de avaliar a segurança ou funcionalidade de uma estrutura de madeira. No entanto, esta avaliação encontra as dificuldades associadas às características dos elementos estruturais de madeira (comportamento anisotrópico, elevada variabilidadedas propriedades físico-mecânicas e higroscopicidade com efeito pronunciado naspropriedades físico-mecânicas) e do efeito do nível de conservação (deterioração) naredução das propriedades mecânicas. Estas dificuldades são reconhecidas internacionalmente e têm vindo a ser debatidas no âmbito de diversas comissões científicas e técnicas nos últimos 5 anos. A presente comunicação pretende dar a conhecer a atividade desenvolvida por estas comissões e enumerar algumas das novas metodologias deavaliação de estruturas de madeira.

Fires on the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) have caused significant loss of life and colossal property andnatural environment damages in numerous countries around the world. The solutions to mitigate this fireproblem are complex, as it results from the fuel source changes from vegetation to structural materials in a fireprone environment and it involves the interaction of several factors that act synergistically to increase thefrequency of fires with severe potential destruction. In order to understand how and why buildings are damaged and destroyed under wildland fire attack, several surveys following historical large scale fire events, which resulted in significant building damages and/or losses, have been conducted worldwide. This paper aims to review and analyse the main characteristics of buildings and other structures that contributed to their vulnerability during fires at the WUI, based on the analysis of several post fire studies developed in Australia, United States of America and Mediterranean Europe (particularly Portugal, Spain, Greece). The different building traditions between the selected countries are discussed, as long as they affect building vulnerability to fires.

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O Museu da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa possui uma preciosa xiloteca assinada pelo Mestre dos marceneiros portugueses, José Aniceto Rapozo contendo 1213 amostras de madeiras do Brasil e 12 de outras origens. A sua importância no progresso do conhecimento dos recursos florestais do Brasil naviragem dos séculos dezoito e dezanove conduziu ao estudo em curso. Dada a devastação verificada em vastas áreas florestais brasileiras, surgem dificuldades por certas espécies poderem ter distribuiçãogeográfica diferente (com eventual extinção, geral ou localizada), por insuficiência do material de comparação, e por ambiguidade das designações comerciais.Foi possível identificar esta xiloteca como uma de quatro encomendadas a Aniceto Rapozo pelo Príncipe Regente. A análise das amostras de madeira e a informação documental mostram que a colecçãotem por base uma remessa de 5008 amostras de madeiras do Brasil enviada em 1784 para o Arsenal Real do Exército, em Lisboa, pelo Vice-Rei do Brasil, Luís de Vasconcellos e Souza.O valor científico do conjunto é evidenciado pela identificação botânica das espéciesrepresentadas. Na situação actual, a identificação das espécies florestais representadas na amostragem foiinteiramente conseguida em 14% dos casos, conseguida mas ainda por confirmar em 27%. Dado o carácter preliminar deste estudo, os seus resultados serão ulteriormente publicados com mais pormenor. Among the Lisbon Academy of Sciences Museum collection there is a valuable xylarium by theleading Portuguese master cabinet-maker José Aniceto Rapozo (1756-1824), comprising 1213 wood samples from Brazil plus 12 from elsewhere. This collection is most important since it allows us to improve the knowledge on Brazilian forest resources by the end of the eighteenth century and thebeginning of the next. This study aims to establish its historical framework and scientific value. Owing tooverexploitation and even devastation of very large forest areas in Brazil, difficulties for our study aroseeither as some species may have now a different geographical distribution (and eventually may have underwent local or general extinction), by lack of adequate comparison material, or because of ambiguityof the commercial names.Results so far obtained allowed us to recognize the xylarium as one of the four commanded Rapozo by the Regent Prince, later King João VI (1767-1826). Taking into account the wood samples analyses as well as bibliographic data it is possible to conclude that the collection was prepared from a set 3 of 5008 Brazilian wood samples sent to the Royal Arsenal in Lisbon in 1784 by the Brazil

This work collects information about laboratory tests to evaluate the properties of agro-industrial wastes used for thermal insulation building materials considering them individually and in composits. It focuses on bio-susceptibility, as one of the main aspects to consider for bio-based building products.

Innovation in structures and construction materials demands a more accurate performance analysis during the life cycle. In addition, climatic changes pose new challenges to civil infrastructures that were not so relevant in the past. In most cases, the traditional test methods cannot accurately assess the complex phenomena involved in durability. The modern and complex factors require a different approach to durability analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to present innovative durability tests on construction materials: wood; rammed earth, cob and unfired blocks; natural stone; bituminous binders and mixtures; and Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) to concrete bonded connections. Most of these tests concern the accelerated simulation of the main phenomena involved in durability performance

Laboratory tests were carried out to define production parameters of innovative eco-efficient composites made up of hazelnut shells as aggregate and a sodium silicate solution as adhesive. The aim was to maximize the content of bio-aggregates and minimize the amount of adhesive, guaranteeing the feasibility of producing samples. Therefore, after preliminary testing, the percentages of hazelnut shells and the sodium silicate solution were kept constant: 70% and 30% of the total volume, respectively. However, the characteristics of the considered composites did not allow the production of uniform samples. The sodium silicate solution was not rapidly absorbed by the bio-aggregates; during the drying process, it was deposited on the bottom side of the samples. The uniformity of the samples is required to guarantee a correct evaluation of their performance and future homogeneous panels. Hence, different production parameters were investigated, such as drying at T

The durability of construction materials is a key concern and can be related to different actions such as weathering conditions outdoors enhanced by climatic change, chemical and biological attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service over time. Frequently, several actions develop simultaneously, making it difficult to reproduce in situ conditions in laboratory. Furthermore, testing to assess durability depends largely on the nature of the material itself or on the way it has been assembled with other materials. The ageing techniques to assess long-term durability performance of construction materials are based on accelerated durability tests, which include, for example, thermal stress, freeze

This paper presents an overview of research carried out to assess the bonding suitability of Portuguese timbers.Most work developed in the last decades has focused Maritime pine timber, due to its traditional use in building construction, good mechanical properties and availability. Untreated, as well as preservative treated Maritime pine have been studied, as its impregnability allows deep treatment suitable for applications in Use Classes 3 and 4.Recent results on bonding preservative treated Maritime pine wood are discussed.Preliminary results regarding other species that are becoming available in the Portuguese market are also presented, as an attempt to reduce pressure on Maritime pine timber as well as to seek more valuable alternatives for their traditional uses.

No presente trabalho apresentam-se os resultados mais relevantes obtidos num programa experimental desenvolvido no LNEC com o objetivo de caracterizar a aderência dos varões nervurados do tipo A500NR SD existentes no mercado, fundamentalmente para melhorar a modelação do comportamento dos elementos de betão armado de zonas críticas de estruturas inseridas em zonas sísmicas.O programa experimental desenvolvido pretende simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar e tem como principais variáveis varões de dois diâmetros frequentemente utilizados (16 e 25 mm), dois níveis diferentes de área relativa das nervuras (A e B) e duas classes de betão (C1 e C2), ambos representativos do betão utilizado nas construções mais relevantes.Os resultados obtidos quer nos ensaios monotónicos quer nos ensaios cíclicos apontam para um decréscimo da tensão de aderência com o aumento do diâmetro da ordem dos 10%. O aumento da área relativa das nervuras transversais traduz-se num incremento da tensão máxima de aderência da ordem dos 15%, com uma redução do deslizamento que ronda os 15%. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs que, no caso dos varões com maior área relativa das nervuras, a tensão de aderência máxima possa variar entre 2,35 e 2,65 vezes a raiz quadrada da resistência do betão à compressão e que o patamar onde a tensão de aderência é máxima se situe entre 0,5 e 1,5 mm de deslizamento.Explorou-se também o fenómeno da entrada em cedência da armadura tendo-se concluído que, em provetes que pretendem simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar, a entrada em cedência da armadura conduz a uma redução da tensão de aderência máxima inferior a 10%, quer regime monotónico quer em regime cíclico.

O presente trabalho de investigação refere-se à conservação de elementos estruturais de madeira medianamente degradados por fungos em edifícios antigos. Propõe-se estudar a compatibilidade entre produtos de tratamento e de consolidação por impregnação, aplicados sequencialmente. A avaliação do processo foi realizada maioritariamente em laboratório e na óptica do desempenho mecânico conjunto da madeira e produtos aplicados, por intermédio de ensaios físico-mecânicos destrutivos e não destrutivos e também por ensaios mecânicos não destrutivos realizados in situ. Foram utilizados produtos comerciais, aplicando-os às espécies de madeira correntemente encontradas nos edifícios antigos da zona de Lisboa: Pinho bravo e Casquinha. Procedeu-se à avaliação mecânica de madeira nova e antiga, em estado são e degradado; ao desenvolvimento de um método de medição da profundidade de penetração de produtos de tratamento; à avaliação da capacidade consolidante de madeira degradada por produtos poliméricos fluidos e à avaliação da sua actuação conjunta, estudada com e sem envelhecimento artificial. Os resultados obtidos indicaram significativos aumentos de capacidade mecânica da madeira degradada, quando submetida a tratamento e consolidação Este trabalho desenvolve, assim, uma proposta de solução para a madeira que não se encontra sã, mas que ainda possui capacidade resistente, não necessitando, por isso, de ser removida. O processo de tratamento e consolidação promove resistência aos agentes biológicos e, simultaneamente, recuperação de alguma resistência mecânica da madeira, conferindo-lhe capacidade para continuar em serviço.

Subterranean termites from the genus Reticulitermes are an important pest ofwood in service throughout southern Europe and elsewhere. For effective termitecontrol with long term protection but minimal environmental damage, newintegrated approaches to termite management are needed. Baiting-based systemsseem to be promising non-traditional methods for termite control, targeting thecolony as a whole. However, control through baiting is only feasible when it isknown that the toxicant can be transferred to all the colonies foraging on theinfested area and also throughout each individual colony. Accordingly, the workdescribed is specifically designed to achieve a better understanding of thedistribution and delimitation of colonies within a population of Reticulitermes,with parallel insights into foraging behaviour and colony organization.Initially, the species/subspecies spectrum present within the notionalReticulitermes group in Portugal was reassessed. It was shown that Reticulitermesgrassei is the only species encountered. Foraging activity was then assessed in anexperimental woodland site over two successive annual cycles, both by thesampling of natural lying dead wood and by a standard baiting grid. R. grasseiseem to select wood with larger diameter, with an apparent preference for materialalready decayed by fungi. Both termite and fungal attack on wood seems to bepromoted by higher moisture levels, such as prevail in larger litter items andduring seasonal rains. Termites were unable to detect and direct their foragingtowards sound wood in laboratory conditions, suggesting that the network ofinfochemical signals is more complex than just volatiles emanating from soundwood. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) was used to delineate foraging groups,which were then allocated to their parent colonies by the use of microsatellitemarkers. The results suggest that resource sharing is a facultative behaviour,specifically when food is not a limiting factor for colony development. Theimplications of all these findings for bait technology and protocols are discussed,with reference to the local population ecology of Reticulitermes.

The project CircularBuild -

Relatório final do projeto PTDC/ECM/099121/2008

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-2, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de norma apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-5, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de revisão apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente relatório descreve a participação do LNEC no programa europeu de intercomparação de calibrações de forças

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 850 (1985)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 386 (1965)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão das Normas Portuguesas NP 449 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 450 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa relativo ao ensaio de dilatação de anéis de tubos metálicos, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos, com a finalidade de preencher lacunas da Normalização Portuguesa neste domínio que a indústria e as instituições ligadas ao controlo da qualidade considerem ser mais urgente colmatar.O texto apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

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