Papers
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A property rights-based analysis of the illegal logging for fuelwood in Kosovo
The increased demand for fuelwood may have the side-effect of unsustainable use of forest resource. The case of Kosovo fuelwood production is of a peculiar relevance to studying the drivers of the unsustainable patterns of forest biomass use in a post-war and poor economic context. The domestic market demand for fuelwood in Kosovo is estimated at more than 1.5 hm3, while the legal supply, including imports, is slightly higher than 0.3 hm3. Illegal logging for satisfying Kosovo population fuelwood needs is therefore widespread.The annual illegal fuelwood harvesting represents a market of up to 21.6 million euro and is done mostly by well organised groups of individuals, with market-oriented behaviour, acting rather in State than in private forests. After identifying the drivers of illegal logging for fuelwood, the paper provides an analysis of fuelwood extraction in relation with property rights distribution, structured along two lines: a) which was the evolution of the management and exclusion rights over the forest resource during the latest decades; b)which are the current enforcement mechanisms of the property rights and how are theyperforming. The paper describes a decades-long history of mismatching economic property rights arrangements. Thus, the dispute between the central agency and municipalities in performing exclusion rights on timber extraction definitely weakened the Kosovo system of law enforcement. Currently, the enforcement mechanism proved to be unhelpful incontrolling illegal logging. As result, most of the Kosovo fuelwood production is based onan de facto open-access regime.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
10.
Author(s): Bouriaud, L.; Nichiforel , L.; Lina Nunes; Pereira, H.; Bajraktari, A.
: Biomass and Bioenergy
Editor: Elsevier Ltd.
Volume:
67.
Keywords: Kosovo; Enforcement mechanisms; Property rights; Illegal logging; Fuelwood
Info
Aniceto Rapozo
From the end of the eighteenth until the beginning of the nineteenth century, wood samples were regularly sent to the Royal Army Arsenal in Lisbon for testing. The large number and variety of samples, as wellas increasing interest on Brazil, explain why, in 1805, the Prince Regent of Portugal commissioned the preparation of four collections containing 1,213 timber specimens from Brazil and twelve from otherorigins. One of these collections, housed in a cabinet at the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, is now being studied in order to reveal its origins and to identify the wood samples. Botanical identifications will providevaluable information about the wood resources and the species used by furniture-makers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
13.
Author(s): Saporiti Machado, J.; Antunes, M.
: Journal of the History of Collections
Editor: Oxford University Press
Info
Carga crítica de torres de aço constituídas por troços rectos com diferentes diâmetros
O presente trabalho propõe duas soluções analíticas diferentes para o cálculo da carga crítica elástica de torres de telecomunicações em aço, constituídas por troços rectos de secção circular oca com diâmetros diferentes, e sujeitas a uma carga axial concentrada no seu topo. Estas soluções foram obtidas por um método energético, com base em diferentes configurações da deformada transversal da torre. A comparação entre os seus resultados e os obtidos por via numérica mostram que estas soluções analíticas oferecem uma boa alternativa para o cálculo da carga crítica, sobretudo no caso da segunda solução, que fornece muito bons resultados para uma gama geométrica de torres mais alargada, com variações importantes de inércia.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
71-88pp.
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
: Revista da Estrutura de Aço
Editor: CBCA - Centro Brasileiro da Construção em Aço
Volume:
Vol. 3 - Nº 1.
Keywords: Torres de telecomunicações; Colunas de secção variável; Carga crítica elástica
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Comparison of the bending resistance efficiency of international series of hot-rolled steel I-sections
This paper presents an assessment of the bending resistance efficiency offered by steel I-sections under interaction of axial forces and bending moments. This property is related to the largest allowable bending moment about the strong or the weak axis, when the crosssection is subjected to an axial force. The relationships are written in normalised variables and they depend only on two geometrical parameters. The aim of the paper is to compare the relative steel cross-section bending resistance efficiency within several profile series, and to propose some strategies to improve that efficiency, in the elastic and in the plastic ranges of behaviour. The comparison is presented for various kinds of European, American, British and Japanese hot-rolled I-profiles.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
3-26pp.
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
: Construction Métallique
Editor: cticm - Centre Technique Industriel de la Construction Métallique
Volume:
Nº 3.
Keywords: Bending resistance efficiency; Weak axis; Strong axis; Axial force and bending interaction; Plastic moment; Shape factor; Plastic design; Elastic design; Hot-rolled shapes; Steel i-shapes
Info
Corrosão sob tensão em ancoragens
A estabilidade duma estrutura ancorada em terreno é condicionadapela integridade das ancoragens cujo desempenho é função dosdetalhes de projeto, materiais empregues, características do meioenvolvente, técnicas construtivas e controlo de qualidade, em particular,dos sistemas de proteção contra a corrosão. Diversos erros tais comofalhas na fase de projeto, incorreta execução ou a utilização de materiaisinadequados podem conduzir a uma deficiente proteção anticorrosiva,que frequentemente está na origem da rotura destas ancoragens.No presente caso de estudo, a rotura de armaduras de aço emancoragens ocorre por um processo de corrosão sob tensão,devido a fragilidades do seu sistema de proteção anticorrosivo nasproximidades de zonas de acoplamento das armaduras sob a interfaceentre os distintos componentes do sistema de proteção.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
7p.
Author(s): Correia, M. J.; Salta, M. M.; Baptista, A. M.
: CORROSÃO E PROTECÇÃO DE MATERIAIS
Editor: LNEG
Volume:
VOL. 33, Nos 1-2.
Keywords: Barras de ancoragem; Corrosão sob tensão; Proteção anticorrosiva; Fratografia
Info
Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in the Azores: Lessons After 2 yr of Monitoring in the Archipelago
The dispersal flights of West Indian drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) were surveyed in the major cities of Azores. The sampling device used to estimate termite density consisted of a yellow adhesive trap (size 45 by 24 cm), placed with an artificial or natural light source in a dark attic environment. In addition, data from two other projects were used to improve the knowledge about the geographical distribution of the species. The level of infestation in the two main Azorean towns differed, with high levels in the houses of Angra do Hero
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
7pp.
Author(s): Borges, P.; Guerreiro, O.; Ferreira, M.; Borges , A.; Ferreira , F.; Bicudo , N.; Lina Nunes; Marcos, R.; Arroz, A.; Scheffrahn, R.; Myles, T.
: Journal of Insect Science
Editor: Oxford University Press em parceria com o Entomological Society of America
Volume:
vol 14.
Keywords: Isoptera; Blattodea; Invasive species; Macaronesia; Urban pest management
Info
Forest resources and sawmill structure of Kosovo. State of the Art and perspectives
Kosovo, located in the heart of the Balkans, was formerly a part of Yugoslavia. The breakup of Yugoslavia led not only to the creation of new countries and borders; it also had a huge impact on the transportationand availability of raw materials and goods. Kosovo
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
323-327 pp.
Author(s): Bajraktari, A.; Petutschnigg, A.; Ymeri, M.; Candan, Z.; Korkut, S.; Lina Nunes; Pereira, H.
: Drvna Industrija
Volume:
65 (4).
Keywords: Kosovo; sawmills; forest resources
Info
Madeira: um mundo de possiblilidades
Quando, no início de 2007, aceitei o desafio da Construção Magazine para uma colaboração regular na coluna
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
1.
Author(s): Cruz, H.
: Revista Construção Magazine
Editor: Grupo Publindústria,
Volume:
59.
Info
Reaction to fire of existing timber elements protected with fire retardant treatments: experimental assessment
Fire safety is an important issue of buildings safety, especially when their fire load contents enhance the risks of fire deflagration. When existing timber structures are involved, the most usual way to improve its reaction to fire is to treat wood with fire retardants. This study focuses on the surface protection of existing timber roof structures against fire, through the use of Fire Retardant (FR) treatments applied on site. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of FR treatments on timber reaction to fire, with a special emphasis on timber members with biological deterioration and previously treated with preservative products. The behaviour and effectiveness of intumescent and non-intumescent treatments was also investigated. The study showed that the application of FR treatments improved the reaction to fire of timber, even in the presence of previous preservative treatments. However, the choice of the specific FR treatment should take into account the substrate conditions. Besides, test results suggest that protection systems involving multi layers (intumescent and non-intumescent) with different functioning modes each are likely to have a good global performance on the protection of timber elements against fire.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
66p.
Author(s): Laranjeira, J.; Cruz, H.; Ferreira Pinto, A. P.; Pina dos Santos, C.; Pereira, J.
: International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration
Editor: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
Keywords: Re-habilitation; Non-intumescent; Intumescent; Fire retardant treatments; Structure fire; Timber structures
Info
Testing and modeling of a traditional timber mortise and tenon joint
The structural safety and behaviour oftraditional timber structures depends significantly on the performance of their connections. The behaviour of a traditional mortise and tenon timber joint isaddressed using physical testing of full-scale specimens.New chestnut wood and old chestnut woodobtained from structural elements belonging to ancient buildings is used. In addition, the performance of different semi and non-destructive techniques for assessing global strength is also evaluated. For thispurpose, ultrasonic testing, micro-drilling and surface penetration are considered, and the possibility of their application is discussed based on the application ofsimple linear regression models. Finally, nonlinear finite element analysis is used to better understand the behaviour observed in the full-scale experiments, in terms of failure mode and ultimate load. The resultsshow that the ultrasonic pulse velocity through the joint provides a reasonable estimate for the effectivenessof the assembly between the rafter and brace and novel linear regressions are proposed. The failure mechanism and load
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
13pp.
Author(s): Feio, A.; Lourenço, P.; Saporiti Machado, J.
: Materials and Structures
Volume:
47.
Keywords: Nonlinear mechanics; Finite element analysis; Experimental testing; Ultrasonic testing; Resistograph; Pilodyn; Semi and non-destructive methods; Chestnut wood; Ancient timber structures
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Comunicação
Info
Electro osmotic pulsing technology (PLEOT)
Wood protection and control of infestation in buildings and other wooden cultural heritage objects is mainly based on chemical-, gas- and heat treatments. Degradation of wood is not only caused by fungi or bacteria but also by insects. Termites have been a potential risk to wooden structures not only in the warmer regions of our continents but also beyond the regions of their natural habitat due to transport of wood.A new environmental friendly wood protection system has been tested on wood destroying fungi and termites.Wood protection by means of electro osmotic pulsing technology (PLEOT) can preserve wood in service without using any chemical protection at all. The system can easily be installed and is very low in maintenance costs.The results show no mass loss of PLEOT protected beech and Scots pine sapwood samples exposed to the whiterot Trametes versicolor for 4 and 8 weeks. Termite attack could slightly be reduced by using this technology onScots pine sapwood samples.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
5.
Author(s): Treu, A.; Lina Nunes; Duarte, S.; Larnoy, E.
Keywords: Térmitas subterrâneas; Fungos destruidores de madeira; Electro osmotic pulsing technology; Subterranean termites; Wood destroying fungi
Info
Estrategias no uso do encamisamento localizado com chapas de aço que previlegiem a ductilidade ou o aumento diferenciado da resistência
O reforço selectivo materializado através de encamisamento localizado com chapas de aço, em pilares de betão armado de secção rectangular, pode induzir o aumento de ductilidade ou promover o aumento da resistência e da ductilidade.Aborda-se nesta comunicação alguns dos factores que podem influenciar o aumento da resistência do encamisamento localizado com chapas de aço, permitindo ao projectista direccionar a intervenção apenas para o aumento de ductilidade, para o aumento de ductilidade e um aumento de resistência moderado (+20%), para o aumento da ductilidade e aumento significativo da resistência (+80%) e ainda a possibilidade de utilizar a ligação do encamisamento à base/nó como
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
263-265.
Author(s): Cardoso, A.
Editor: GPBE, LNEC
Keywords: Ductilidade; Reforço anti-sismico; Encamisamento localizado
Info
Influência na aderência aço-betão da alteração local da configuração geométrica das nervuras de armaduras de aço
N/A
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): André, J.; Pipa, M.
Editor: Grupo Português de Betão Estrutural
Keywords: Ensaios pull-out; Configuração geométrica; Armaduras de aço; Aderência aço-betão
Info
Laboratory study of fipronil baits against Reticulitermes grassei (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Fipronil is currently used as chemical barrier against subterranean termites, in this paper their possible use as bait has been tested. Their efficacy with Reticulitermes grassei Clément in feed forced and feed choice tests has been analyzed, evaluating the mortality caused by administration of fipronil at 1 and 10 ppm (wt/wt). Our results show that 90% mortality is achieved at 6 days with feed forced test at 10 ppm and 16 days at 1 ppm; but with choice test the time to achieve that level of mortality is increased to 17 days for 10 ppm and only 50% mortality in 28 day is obtained with 1 ppm. Moreover the filter paper consumed by termite/day has been evaluated, founding a diminution of ingestion with the increase of concentration. This suggests a possible unpalatability of product at all tested concentrations. Fipronil is currently used as chemical barrier against subterranean termites, in this paper their possible use as bait has been tested. Their efficacy with Reticulitermes grassei Clément in feed forced and feed choice tests has been analyzed, evaluating the mortality caused by administration of fipronil at 1 and 10 ppm (wt/wt). Our results show that 90% mortality is achieved at 6 days with feed forced test at 10 ppm and 16 days at 1 ppm; but with choice test the time to achieve that level of mortality is increased to 17 days for 10 ppm and only 50% mortality in 28 day is obtained with 1 ppm. Moreover the filter paper consumed by termite/day has been evaluated, founding a diminution of ingestion with the increase of concentration. This suggests a possible unpalatability of product at all tested concentrations.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
10p.
Author(s): Gaju, M.; Moyano, L.; Patiño, C.; Diz, J.; Lina Nunes; Bach de Roca, C.; Molero, R.
Keywords: Reticulitermes grassei; Termites; Baits; Fipronil
Info
Monotonic tests of structural carpentry joints
An experimental campaign on traditional diagonal front notched timber joints was carried out in order toassess their rotational behaviour. This campaign included ten different test conditions, comprising some of the mostfrequently observed configurations of the rafter and tie beam joint in Portuguese roof structures. The joints' mechanicalbehaviour was appraised with regard to their geometric parameters, presence of metal fastening devices and moisturecontent of timber. The experimental results show that the joint's response is different when opening or closing the skewangle and that specific load bearing mechanisms dictate the different performances exhibited by each typology.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
6p.
Author(s): Palma, P.; Gomes Ferreira, J.; Cruz, H.
Keywords: Mechanical behaviour; Tests; Carpentry joints; Connections; Timber structures
Info
On the use of wood protection by means of electro osmotic pulsing technology against subterranean termites
Wood protection in the last century has been mainly based on chemical treatments. Additionally, the type of construction of wooden buildings and the choice of wood species plays an important role.Degradation of wood is not only caused by fungi or bacteria but also by insects. Termites have been a poten¬tial risk to wooden structures not only in the warmer regions of our continents but also beyond the regions of their natural habitat due to transport of wood.A new environmental friendly wood protection system has been tested. Wood protection by means of electro osmotic pulsing technology can preserve wood in service without using any chemical protection at all. The system can easily be installed and is extremely low in maintenance costs.The technology [EOP] has been preliminary tested on Scots pine sapwood [Pinus sylvestris] against subter¬ranean termites [Reticulitermes grasseiJ in the laboratory. Two choice and non-choice tests were carried out using different initial wood moisture content, 4 weeks of exposure and 6 replicates per variable.The results show heavy growth of mould fungi on wood samples with higher moisture content that probably contribute to higher termite mortality on wetter samples. EOP treatment strongly reduced the development of moulds and gave variable results in terms of termite survival and feeding.Further testing is needed to better understand the possibilities of this method to subterranean termite control.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
1.
Author(s): Treu, A.; Lina Nunes; Larnoy, E.
Editor: Universidade Fernando Pessoa
Keywords: Subterranean termites; Electro osmotic pulsing technology
Info
Performance of Paraloid B72® combined with the application of biocides on wood degraded by fungi
When timber elements in heritage buildings are moderately degraded by fungi and assuming underlying moisture problems are solved, two actions can be taken: i) use a biocide product to stop fungi activity ii) consolidate the degraded elements so that the timber keeps on fulfilling its structural and decorative functions. Indeed, the option of maintaining in the building the original (even though deteriorated) timber has been gaining more and moreimportance, as the loss any element may contribute to the loss of the historical identity of the building.This paper presents the laboratory work performed with the purpose of understanding the mechanical performance of maritime pine timber degraded by fungi (with mass losses lower than 20%) when subjected to consolidation by impregnation with Paraloid B72®, combined with the previous application of a biocide.Three commercially available pre-selected biocide products were used: a light organic solvent (X), a boron water-based (BC) and a water-based emulsion (A). After the products were applied to five sets of specimens (Control, PB72, X+PB72, BC+PB72, A+PB72) these were subjected to mechanical tests: axial compression test (NP618) and resistance to indentation (ISO 3350). Four similar sets of replicates were subjected to an evaporation ageing procedure (EN73) after the products were applied and equally tested.An increase in mechanical strength was observed for the consolidation product with no significant influence of the previous use of biocide product. The specimens subjected to ageing showed a slightly better general mechanical performance than those not aged.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
8.
Author(s): Henriques, J. D.; Lina Nunes; Brito, J.
Keywords: Biocidas; Madeira degradada por fungos; Biocides; Wood degraded by fungi; Paraloid b72®
Info
Predicting the mechanical behaviour of solid pine timber elements thyough non and semi-destructive methods
Timber elements can be foreseen as lengthwise composites of clear and knot zones, being the clear wood zones greatly responsible for stiffness and the weakest zones (worst knots shown by the timber element) for the ultimate strength capacity. In the present study non destructive techniques (ultrasounds and visual grading) and semi-destructive techniques (tension meso-specimens and core drilling) are used and tested as tools for evaluating clear wood properties. These properties are then used to predict the global modulus of elasticity of maritime pine timber beams. The results obtained delivered important information concerning variability within and between timber pieces. The non and semidestructive techniques used have shown a reasonable capability to predict the clear wood properties and to deliver a good prediction of the global bending modulus of elasticity.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
6p.
Author(s): Saporiti Machado, J.; Palma, P.
Keywords: Tension testing; Meso-specimens; Core drilling; Ultrasounds; Visual grading
Info
Preventing decay in termite monitoring stations
In-ground monitoring stations and termite baits are widely used in the southern United States with the intent of detecting and eradicating subterranean termite activity near buildings. These stations comprise a wood (or other cellulose material) substrate (monitor) and perhaps a termiticidal toxicant (bait) held m a plastic cage that allows for both, easy examination and access by termites. The usual practice is to inspect the station monitors for termite aetiv1ty every few months. If termites are detected, a bait is added to ar replaces the untreated monitor. However, in addition to termite attack, the monitors are subject to fungal decay, and rapid decay in high hazard areas is interfering with the usefulness of this baiting approach.This paper reports on an evaluation of the relative decay susceptibility of termite baiting systems used in commercial monitoring stations. Some monitors are very susceptible to wetting and fungal decay. corroborating anecdotal evidence from the field. It was eonc1uded that decay in high hazard areas is likely to interfere with the usefulness of some of these systems. To be used successfully, possible approaches to overcome the decay issue are: careful selection of the system used; placement on or above ground rather than in the ground; recognition that monitors and/or baits need to be changed every few months; avoiding remote sensing systems that do not allow a visual check of the monitor; developing durable m0nitors and baits, e.g., with the addition of a non-termite-repellent fungicide.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Taylor, A.; Kim, J.; Duarte, S.; Lina Nunes; Lloyd, J.
Keywords: Termiticide; Subterranean termites; Monitor stations; Fungicide; Decay; Baits
Info
Reabilitação de ligações em estruturas antigas de madeira - avaliação experimental
Apresentam-se os resultados de uma campanha experimental realizada no LNEC com oobjectivo de avaliar a viabilidade técnica de algumas soluções de reparação e reforço deligações tradicionais em estruturas de madeira, por meio entalhes, com e sem ferragens. Os resultados obtidos permitem avaliar o desempenho destas intervenções relativamente ao comportamento das ligações originais.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
11p.
Author(s): Palma, P.; Garcia, H.; Appleton, J.; Cruz, H.
Keywords: Reforço; Reparação; Ensaios; Ligações; Estruturas de madeira
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Books
Info
Térmita-de-madeira-seca. West Indian drywood termite
N/A
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
144-145pp.
Author(s): Duarte, S.; Lina Nunes
: Guia Prático da Fauna Terrestre dos Açores
Editor: Instituto Acoriano da Cultura
Keywords: Cryptotermes brevis
Info
Térmita-de-pescoço-amarelo. Yellow-necked drywood termite; European drywood termite
N/A
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
146-147pp.
Author(s): Duarte, S.; Lina Nunes
: Guia Prático da Fauna Terrestre dos Açores
Editor: Instituto Açoriano da Cultura
Keywords: Kalotermes flavicollis
Info
Térmita-subterrânea-americana. Easten subterranean termite
N/A
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
148-149pp.
Author(s): Duarte, S.; Lina Nunes
: Guia Prático da Fauna Terrestre dos Açores
Editor: Instituto Açoriano da Cultura
Keywords: Reticulitermes flavipes
Info
Térmita-subterrânea-ibérica. Iberian subterrarean termite
N/A
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
150-151pp.
Author(s): Duarte, S.; Lina Nunes
: Guia Prático da Fauna Terrestre dos Açores
Editor: Instituto Açoriano da Cultura
Keywords: Reticulitermes grassei
Info
Estudo histórico e científico da Xiloteca da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa construída por José Aniceto Rapozo - nota preliminar
O Museu da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa possui uma preciosa xiloteca assinada pelo Mestre dos marceneiros portugueses, José Aniceto Rapozo contendo 1213 amostras de madeiras do Brasil e 12 de outras origens. A sua importância no progresso do conhecimento dos recursos florestais do Brasil naviragem dos séculos dezoito e dezanove conduziu ao estudo em curso. Dada a devastação verificada em vastas áreas florestais brasileiras, surgem dificuldades por certas espécies poderem ter distribuiçãogeográfica diferente (com eventual extinção, geral ou localizada), por insuficiência do material de comparação, e por ambiguidade das designações comerciais.Foi possível identificar esta xiloteca como uma de quatro encomendadas a Aniceto Rapozo pelo Príncipe Regente. A análise das amostras de madeira e a informação documental mostram que a colecçãotem por base uma remessa de 5008 amostras de madeiras do Brasil enviada em 1784 para o Arsenal Real do Exército, em Lisboa, pelo Vice-Rei do Brasil, Luís de Vasconcellos e Souza.O valor científico do conjunto é evidenciado pela identificação botânica das espéciesrepresentadas. Na situação actual, a identificação das espécies florestais representadas na amostragem foiinteiramente conseguida em 14% dos casos, conseguida mas ainda por confirmar em 27%. Dado o carácter preliminar deste estudo, os seus resultados serão ulteriormente publicados com mais pormenor. Among the Lisbon Academy of Sciences Museum collection there is a valuable xylarium by theleading Portuguese master cabinet-maker José Aniceto Rapozo (1756-1824), comprising 1213 wood samples from Brazil plus 12 from elsewhere. This collection is most important since it allows us to improve the knowledge on Brazilian forest resources by the end of the eighteenth century and thebeginning of the next. This study aims to establish its historical framework and scientific value. Owing tooverexploitation and even devastation of very large forest areas in Brazil, difficulties for our study aroseeither as some species may have now a different geographical distribution (and eventually may have underwent local or general extinction), by lack of adequate comparison material, or because of ambiguityof the commercial names.Results so far obtained allowed us to recognize the xylarium as one of the four commanded Rapozo by the Regent Prince, later King João VI (1767-1826). Taking into account the wood samples analyses as well as bibliographic data it is possible to conclude that the collection was prepared from a set 3 of 5008 Brazilian wood samples sent to the Royal Arsenal in Lisbon in 1784 by the Brazil
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
9.
Author(s): Saporiti Machado, J.; Antunes, M.
Editor: Academia das Ciências de Lisboa (ACL)
Keywords: Identification; History; Brazil; Woods; Xylarium; Lisbon academy of sciences; Identificação; História; Brasil; Madeiras; Xiloteca; Academia das ciências de lisboa
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Capítulo de Livro
Info
A Review of Laboratory Tests to Evaluate Agro-Industrial Wastes Properties as Building Materials
This work collects information about laboratory tests to evaluate the properties of agro-industrial wastes used for thermal insulation building materials considering them individually and in composits. It focuses on bio-susceptibility, as one of the main aspects to consider for bio-based building products.
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
2p..
Author(s): Cintura, E.; Lina Nunes; Faria, P.
: Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering
Editor: Springer Nature
Volume:
Volume 41.
Keywords: Test methods; Bio-wastes; Bio-susceptibility; Bio-based materials
Info
Innovative Durability Tests on Construction Materials
Innovation in structures and construction materials demands a more accurate performance analysis during the life cycle. In addition, climatic changes pose new challenges to civil infrastructures that were not so relevant in the past. In most cases, the traditional test methods cannot accurately assess the complex phenomena involved in durability. The modern and complex factors require a different approach to durability analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to present innovative durability tests on construction materials: wood; rammed earth, cob and unfired blocks; natural stone; bituminous binders and mixtures; and Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) to concrete bonded connections. Most of these tests concern the accelerated simulation of the main phenomena involved in durability performance
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
53-73pp..
Author(s): Chastre, C.; Faria, P.; Neves, J.; Ludovico-Marques, M.; Biscaia, H.; Lina Nunes
: Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Performance; Innovation; Durability; ccelerated durability tests; Accelerated durability tests; Ageing techniques
Info
Optimisation of Production Parameters to Develop Innovative Eco-efficient Boards
Laboratory tests were carried out to define production parameters of innovative eco-efficient composites made up of hazelnut shells as aggregate and a sodium silicate solution as adhesive. The aim was to maximize the content of bio-aggregates and minimize the amount of adhesive, guaranteeing the feasibility of producing samples. Therefore, after preliminary testing, the percentages of hazelnut shells and the sodium silicate solution were kept constant: 70% and 30% of the total volume, respectively. However, the characteristics of the considered composites did not allow the production of uniform samples. The sodium silicate solution was not rapidly absorbed by the bio-aggregates; during the drying process, it was deposited on the bottom side of the samples. The uniformity of the samples is required to guarantee a correct evaluation of their performance and future homogeneous panels. Hence, different production parameters were investigated, such as drying at T
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
11p..
Author(s): Cintura, E.; Faria, P.; Molari, L.; Lina Nunes
: Bio-Based Building Materials
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Volume 45.
Keywords: Sodium silicate; Hazelnut shells; Bio-waste
Info
Testing Durability on Construction Materials
The durability of construction materials is a key concern and can be related to different actions such as weathering conditions outdoors enhanced by climatic change, chemical and biological attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service over time. Frequently, several actions develop simultaneously, making it difficult to reproduce in situ conditions in laboratory. Furthermore, testing to assess durability depends largely on the nature of the material itself or on the way it has been assembled with other materials. The ageing techniques to assess long-term durability performance of construction materials are based on accelerated durability tests, which include, for example, thermal stress, freeze
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
29-51pp..
Author(s): Chastre, C.; Faria, P.; Neves, J.; Ludovico-Marques, M.; Biscaia, H.; Lina Nunes
: Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Wood; UV radiation; Frost; Weathering; Salts; Natural stone; Polymeric composites; Clayish materials; Cementitious composites; Brick; Bituminous binders and mixtures; Biological agents
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Structural gluing of portugueses timbers
This paper presents an overview of research carried out to assess the bonding suitability of Portuguese timbers.Most work developed in the last decades has focused Maritime pine timber, due to its traditional use in building construction, good mechanical properties and availability. Untreated, as well as preservative treated Maritime pine have been studied, as its impregnability allows deep treatment suitable for applications in Use Classes 3 and 4.Recent results on bonding preservative treated Maritime pine wood are discussed.Preliminary results regarding other species that are becoming available in the Portuguese market are also presented, as an attempt to reduce pressure on Maritime pine timber as well as to seek more valuable alternatives for their traditional uses.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
171-183pp.
Author(s): Cruz, H.; Martins, C.; Dias, A.
: Timber: Bonds, Connections and Structures
Editor: Material Testing Institute (MPA), University of Stuttgart
Keywords: Structural gluing; Portuguese timbers
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Tese de Doutoramento
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Caracterização da aderência de varões nervurados sujeitos a ações repetidas e alternadas
No presente trabalho apresentam-se os resultados mais relevantes obtidos num programa experimental desenvolvido no LNEC com o objetivo de caracterizar a aderência dos varões nervurados do tipo A500NR SD existentes no mercado, fundamentalmente para melhorar a modelação do comportamento dos elementos de betão armado de zonas críticas de estruturas inseridas em zonas sísmicas.O programa experimental desenvolvido pretende simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar e tem como principais variáveis varões de dois diâmetros frequentemente utilizados (16 e 25 mm), dois níveis diferentes de área relativa das nervuras (A e B) e duas classes de betão (C1 e C2), ambos representativos do betão utilizado nas construções mais relevantes.Os resultados obtidos quer nos ensaios monotónicos quer nos ensaios cíclicos apontam para um decréscimo da tensão de aderência com o aumento do diâmetro da ordem dos 10%. O aumento da área relativa das nervuras transversais traduz-se num incremento da tensão máxima de aderência da ordem dos 15%, com uma redução do deslizamento que ronda os 15%. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs que, no caso dos varões com maior área relativa das nervuras, a tensão de aderência máxima possa variar entre 2,35 e 2,65 vezes a raiz quadrada da resistência do betão à compressão e que o patamar onde a tensão de aderência é máxima se situe entre 0,5 e 1,5 mm de deslizamento.Explorou-se também o fenómeno da entrada em cedência da armadura tendo-se concluído que, em provetes que pretendem simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar, a entrada em cedência da armadura conduz a uma redução da tensão de aderência máxima inferior a 10%, quer regime monotónico quer em regime cíclico.
Year: 2014
Number Pages:
435p.
Author(s): Louro, A. S.
Keywords: Estudo experimental; Modelação analítica; Ações repetidas e alternadas; Varões nervurados; Aderência
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Tratamento e consolidação de madeira de pinho degradada em elementos estruturais de edifícios antigos
O presente trabalho de investigação refere-se à conservação de elementos estruturais de madeira medianamente degradados por fungos em edifícios antigos. Propõe-se estudar a compatibilidade entre produtos de tratamento e de consolidação por impregnação, aplicados sequencialmente. A avaliação do processo foi realizada maioritariamente em laboratório e na óptica do desempenho mecânico conjunto da madeira e produtos aplicados, por intermédio de ensaios físico-mecânicos destrutivos e não destrutivos e também por ensaios mecânicos não destrutivos realizados in situ. Foram utilizados produtos comerciais, aplicando-os às espécies de madeira correntemente encontradas nos edifícios antigos da zona de Lisboa: Pinho bravo e Casquinha. Procedeu-se à avaliação mecânica de madeira nova e antiga, em estado são e degradado; ao desenvolvimento de um método de medição da profundidade de penetração de produtos de tratamento; à avaliação da capacidade consolidante de madeira degradada por produtos poliméricos fluidos e à avaliação da sua actuação conjunta, estudada com e sem envelhecimento artificial. Os resultados obtidos indicaram significativos aumentos de capacidade mecânica da madeira degradada, quando submetida a tratamento e consolidação Este trabalho desenvolve, assim, uma proposta de solução para a madeira que não se encontra sã, mas que ainda possui capacidade resistente, não necessitando, por isso, de ser removida. O processo de tratamento e consolidação promove resistência aos agentes biológicos e, simultaneamente, recuperação de alguma resistência mecânica da madeira, conferindo-lhe capacidade para continuar em serviço.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
404
Author(s): Henriques, M. D.
Keywords: Elementos estruturais; Resistência mecânica; Tratamento; Consolidação; Edifícios antigos; Conservação; Degradação por fungos; Madeira
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Foraging ecology of Reticulitermes grassei (clément) with re feren ce to its management as a pest of timber
Subterranean termites from the genus Reticulitermes are an important pest ofwood in service throughout southern Europe and elsewhere. For effective termitecontrol with long term protection but minimal environmental damage, newintegrated approaches to termite management are needed. Baiting-based systemsseem to be promising non-traditional methods for termite control, targeting thecolony as a whole. However, control through baiting is only feasible when it isknown that the toxicant can be transferred to all the colonies foraging on theinfested area and also throughout each individual colony. Accordingly, the workdescribed is specifically designed to achieve a better understanding of thedistribution and delimitation of colonies within a population of Reticulitermes,with parallel insights into foraging behaviour and colony organization.Initially, the species/subspecies spectrum present within the notionalReticulitermes group in Portugal was reassessed. It was shown that Reticulitermesgrassei is the only species encountered. Foraging activity was then assessed in anexperimental woodland site over two successive annual cycles, both by thesampling of natural lying dead wood and by a standard baiting grid. R. grasseiseem to select wood with larger diameter, with an apparent preference for materialalready decayed by fungi. Both termite and fungal attack on wood seems to bepromoted by higher moisture levels, such as prevail in larger litter items andduring seasonal rains. Termites were unable to detect and direct their foragingtowards sound wood in laboratory conditions, suggesting that the network ofinfochemical signals is more complex than just volatiles emanating from soundwood. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) was used to delineate foraging groups,which were then allocated to their parent colonies by the use of microsatellitemarkers. The results suggest that resource sharing is a facultative behaviour,specifically when food is not a limiting factor for colony development. Theimplications of all these findings for bait technology and protocols are discussed,with reference to the local population ecology of Reticulitermes.
Year: 2009
Author(s): Nobre, T.
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Relatório Científico
Info
Project
The project CircularBuild -
Year: 2023
Author(s): Lina Nunes; Duarte, M.; Duarte, S.
Keywords: Moulds; Biological durability; Subterranean termites; Decay fungi; AGEPAN® DWD PROTECT
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Monitor
Relatório final do projeto PTDC/ECM/099121/2008
Year: 2014
Author(s): Lina Nunes; Duarte, S.; Saporiti Machado, J.
Keywords: Deteção; Monitorização; Térmitas subterrâneas; Uso sustentável de estruturas de madeira
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Materiais metálicos. Ensaio de tracção. 2ª Parte: Verificação do sistema de medição da força da máquina de ensaio de tracção. Projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-2 (1991)
O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-2, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de norma apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.
Year: 1992
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
Keywords: Normalização; Ensaio de tracção; Materiais metálicos
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Materiais metálicos. Ensaio de tracção. 5ª Parte: método de ensaio a temperatura elevada. Projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-5 (1991)
O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-5, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de revisão apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.
Year: 1992
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
Keywords: Normalização; Ensaio de tracção; Materiais metálicos
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Metrologia de Forças. Participação do LNEC no 2nd WECC Audit on Force Measurement
O presente relatório descreve a participação do LNEC no programa europeu de intercomparação de calibrações de forças
Year: 1992
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
Keywords: WECC Audit; Metrologia de forças
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Materiais metálicos. Arames. Ensaio de enrolamento. Projecto de revisão da NP 850 (1985)
O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 850 (1985)
Year: 1991
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
Keywords: Ensaio de Enrolamento; Arames; Materiais metálicos
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Materiais metálicos. Ensaios de resistência mecânica. Símbolos. Projecto de revisão da NP 386 (1965)
O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 386 (1965)
Year: 1991
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
Keywords: Normalização; Simbologia; Ensaios mecânicos; Materiais metálicos
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Materiais metálicos. Tubos. Ensaio de Abocardamento. Projecto de revisão das NP 449 (1966) e NP 451 (1966)
O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão das Normas Portuguesas NP 449 (1966)
Year: 1991
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
Keywords: Normalização; Ensaio de Abocardamento; Tubos; Materiais metálicos
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Materiais metálicos. Tubos. Ensaio de Achatamento. Projecto de revisão da NP 450 (1966)
O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 450 (1966)
Year: 1991
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
Keywords: Normalização; Ensaio de Achatamento; Tubos; Materiais metálicos
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Materiais metálicos. Tubos. Ensaio de Dilatação de Anéis. Projecto de Norma Portuguesa
O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa relativo ao ensaio de dilatação de anéis de tubos metálicos, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos, com a finalidade de preencher lacunas da Normalização Portuguesa neste domínio que a indústria e as instituições ligadas ao controlo da qualidade considerem ser mais urgente colmatar.O texto apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.
Year: 1991
Author(s): Baptista, A. M.
Keywords: Normalização; Ensaio de dilatação de anéis; Tubos; Materiais metálicos
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Outro
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Redes eletrossoldadas de pequeno diâmetro - Características, ensaios e marcação
N/A
Year: 2020
Author(s): Entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Rede eletrossoldada
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Redes eletrossoldadas para armaduras de betão armado - Características, ensaios e marcação
N/A
Year: 2020
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Rede eletrossoldada
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Treliças eletrossoldadas para armaduras de betão armado - Características, ensaios e marcação
N/A
Year: 2020
Author(s): Entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Treliça
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Varões de aço A500 ER para armaduras de betão armado - Características, ensaios e marcação
N/A
Year: 2020
Author(s): Entidade LNEC
Keywords: Especificação; Varão nervurado; Varão para betão armado
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MEGASA 500SD E - SEIXAL (A500 NR de Ductilidade Especial)
N/A
Year: 2019
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de classificação; Ductilidade; Varão nervurado; Varão para betão armado
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Rede eletrossoldada MALLASUR A500 ER (A500 ER)
N/A
Year: 2019
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de classificação; Rede eletrossoldada
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Rede eletrossoldada TRH (A500 ER)
N/A
Year: 2019
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de classificação; Varão nervurado; Rede eletrossoldada
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MEGASA 500SD E
N/A
Year: 2018
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Ductilidade; Varão nervurado; Varão para betão armado
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RINGSCAFF - Sistema modular de andaimes
N/A
Year: 2018
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Documento de aplicação; Sistema modular; Estrutura metálica; Andaime
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Treliças MALLASUR A500 ER (A500 ER)
N/A
Year: 2018
Author(s): entidade LNEC
Keywords: Treliça
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