Papers

This paper aims to provide information on rammed earth and masonry mortars of the Fernandina defensive Wall of Lisbon, Portugal, which was built in the second half of the 14th century. No previous information exists concerning the materials and construction techniques used in this defensive structure, which is essential to increase knowledge and to define requirements for a reliable conservation. An experimental campaign was carried out on samples extracted in nine different sections of this structure, which were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and wet chemical analysis. Calcitic lime was employed as a binder in the stone masonry bedding mortars and was also identified in the rammed earth samples. The results obtained allowed us to verify the use of different binders and aggregates, with heterogeneous binder/aggregate ratios, in different sections of the Wall. To reduce time for lime preparation and to achieve a durable lime matrix, most probably quicklime was used and hydrated together with the moistened earth to produce rammed earth and masonry bedding mortars.

The integration of performance assessment may be determinant for water utilities and municipalities to improve their management practices regarding storm water systems (SWS). The use of performance assessment in the SW sector has been incipient, and the need to develop a performance assessment framework (PAF) that constitutes a reference for SWS was identified. The article aims to present a PAF, structured into eight objectives, 25 assessment criteria, and 80 performance metrics, namely performance indicators (PI), focusing on the assessment of SWS functioning, considering different performance dimensions and types of SWS. The PAF aims to promote the establishment of performance assessment systems in utilities, supporting the decision-making process and continuous improvement. The PAF was consolidated by incorporating the views and recommendations of two Portuguese water utilities during the validation process. Data collection process constitutes a barrier to the PAF application given the lack of financial and human resources in water utilities.

In recent decades, interest in the eco-efficiency of building materials has led to numerous research projects focused on the replacement of raw materials with mineral and biomass wastes, and on the production of mortars with low-energy-consuming binders, such as gypsum. In this context, five different fractions (bark, wood, branchlets, leaves, and flowers) of Acacia dealbata

In recent decades, interest in the eco-efficiency of building materials has led to numerous research projects focused on the replacement of raw materials with mineral and biomass wastes, and on the production of mortars with low-energy-consuming binders, such as gypsum. In this context, five different fractions (bark, wood, branchlets, leaves, and flowers) of Acacia dealbata

No artigo aborda-se, em primeiro lugar, a importância da adaptabilidade nas novas soluções de habitar, em geral e especificamente em habitação intergeracional.Em seguida e muito ligado às matérias da adaptabilidade residencial desenvolve-se o papel da participação dos habitantes na promoção do seu bem-estar, numa dinâmica intergeracional convivial que beneficia a saúde e o respetivo meio social ; e neste sentido abordam-se as matérias do idadismo e do atual hiato intergeracional, seguindo-se uma reflexão sobre os comportamentos positivos para o bem-estar e a saúde e sobre a promoção efetiva de relações intergeracionais.Finalmente centramo-nos na relação entre idosos, habitação e Arquitetura, com uma atenção específica nas questões do desenho universal e especificamente amigo do envelhecimento e sua aplicação em termos de domesticidade e inovação tipológica.

In coastal areas, overtopping events and coastal floods, resulting from the occurrence of maritime storms, can cause severe damage to infrastructure, building and equipment, can be responsible for coastal morphology changes (coastal erosion), as well as put in damage human lives, animals or the ecosystem.

Depois de uma pequena introdução e na primeira parte do artigo desenvolve-se a temática global do que se considera ser a nova e crítica realidade social e urbana constituída pelos inúmeros idosos que vivem sozinhos.Nesta problemática abordam-se, sequencialmente, as seguintes matérias: o número cada vez maior de idosos a viverem sozinhos; o desenvolvimento de novos serviços residenciais especialmente sensíveis aos idosos; e o aprofundamento de uma nova oferta residencial para idosos baseada numa ampla perceção do envelhecimento.Na segunda parte do artigo aborda-se o tema do desenvolvimento de habitações apetecíveis para os idosos e para todos os que desejem uma nova forma de habitar intergeracional, adaptável, apoiada e participada.Nesta temática abordam-se, sequencialmente, as seguintes matérias: a noção de que uma arquitetura habitacional mais adequada e humanizada proporciona mais satisfação; as novas oportunidades oferecidas por uma habitação intergeracional; o potencial pessoal e social dos designados idosos ativos; desenvolvimento de um habitar amigo do envelhecimento; a relação entre os

The study of local scour in bridge foundations is often restricted to quantifying maximum scour depth on the upstream side.This is limiting to the understanding of the resulting scour by numerical methods, for which the shape of the scour hole is a mandatory input. In this work, two nonintrusive three-dimensional (3D) image-based measuring techniques, consisting of close-range photogrammetry and a Kinect V2 sensor, were employed to characterize the initial and final development of scour holes around piers, under steady flow in a laboratory flume. A novel two-dimensional (2D) methodology was also applied for continuous measurement of the side of the scour holeusing submersible cameras. Models of the scour hole geometries in the vicinity of two oblong bridge piers were obtained at high accuracy levels. A database for calibration and validation of numerical models is thus provided.

Multilayer external wall thermal insulation systems are widely used in new constructions and for the retrofittingof building façades. Despite the increasing use as constructive solution, significant anomalies have beenfrequently identified on these systems only few years after their application, raising questions on their long-term durability. This paper focuses on the effects of one-year natural ageing and artificial ageing through hygrothermal cycles (heat/rain and heat/cold) on the water performance (capillary water absorption and drying kinetics), bio-susceptibility (mould development) and surface properties (colour, gloss, and roughness) of four multilayer external wall thermal insulation systems (three ETICS and a thermal rendering system). Results showed a significant loss of surface hydrophobicity after ageing. Considering the 24 h water absorption results,an increase up to 73% and 432% was obtained for the naturally and artificially aged systems, respectively, and when compared to the reference unaged systems. The drying kinetics was affected by ageing, with increases of the drying resistance ranging between 47% and 122% after artificial ageing. Traces of mould growth were observed on the artificially aged systems; however, no growth was detected on either the unaged or the one-year naturally aged systems. Substantial colour change for all systems after ageing was observed, confirming aesthetic alteration. Results contribute towards the development of implemented artificial ageing protocols, as well as for the delivery of multilayer thermal systems with enhanced performance and durability.

Multilayer external wall thermal insulation systems are widely used in new constructions and for the retrofitting of building façades. Despite the increasing use as constructive solution, significant anomalies have been frequently identified on these systems only few years after their application, raising questions on their long-term durability. This paper focuses on the effects of one-year natural ageing and artificial ageing through hygrothermal cycles (heat/rain and heat/cold) on the water performance (capillary water absorption and drying kinetics), bio-susceptibility (mould development) and surface properties (colour, gloss, and roughness) of four multilayer external wall thermal insulation systems (three ETICS and a thermal rendering system). Results showed a significant loss of surface hydrophobicity after ageing. Considering the 24 h water absorption results, an increase up to 73% and 432% was obtained for the naturally and artificially aged systems, respectively, and when compared to the reference unaged systems. The drying kinetics was affected by ageing, with increases of the drying resistance ranging between 47% and 122% after artificial ageing. Traces of mould growth were observed on the artificially aged systems; however, no growth was detected on either the unaged or the one-year naturally aged systems. Substantial colour change for all systems after ageing was observed, confirming aesthetic alteration. Results contribute towards the development of implemented artificial ageing protocols, as well as for the delivery of multilayer thermal systems with enhanced performance and durability.