Papers
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Monitoring internal swelling reactions in concrete dams
Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) are the most common internal swelling reactions (ISR) in concrete dams. The swelling effects and concrete deterioration caused by ISR can be observed in several forms at the structural level, including relative movements between blocks, displacements and deformations, cracking, surface discoloration around the cracks, scaling or spalling as well as surface
Year: 2024
Number Pages:
749-756pp..
Author(s): Conde Silva, J.; Serra, C.
: Procedia Structural Integrity
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Volume 64.
Keywords: Expansion estimation; Monitoring instruments; Concrete dams; DEF; ASR
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Analysis and interpretation of observed dynamic behaviour of a large concrete dam aided by soft computing and machine learning techniques
The nowadays-available dynamic monitoring equipment integrating sensitive low-noise sensors creates an opportunity to implement continuously operating dynamic monitoring systems in dams and validate the suitability of these systems to monitor such massive structures with the goal of detecting damage. The continuous characterisation of the dam modal properties during important variations of the water level and temperature is a unique experimental result, which is particularly interesting for the calibration of numerical models that consider water
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
12p..
Author(s): Mata, J.; Gomes, J. P.; Pereira, S.; Magalhães, F.; Cunha, A.
: Engineering Structures
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
296.
Keywords: Structural effects; Machine learning; Continuous dynamic monitoring; Dynamic behaviour; Concrete dam
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Characterization of Relative Movements between Blocks Observed in a Concrete Dam and Definition of Thresholds for Novelty Identification Based on Machine Learning Models
Dam surveillance activities are based on observing the structural behaviour and interpretingthe past behaviour supported by the knowledge of the main loads. For day-to-day activities, datadrivenmodels are usually adopted. Most applications consider regression models for the analysis ofhorizontal displacements recorded in pendulums. Traditional regression models are not commonlyapplied to the analysis of relative movements between blocks due to the non-linearities related to thesimultaneity of hydrostatic and thermal effects. A new application of a multilayer perceptron neuralnetwork model is proposed to interpret the relative movements between blocks measured hourly in aconcrete dam under exploitation. A new methodology is proposed for threshold definition related tonovelty identification, taking into account the evolution of the records over time and the simultaneityof the structural responses measured in the dam under study. The results obtained through thecase study showed the ability of the methodology presented in this work to characterize the relativemovement between blocks and for the identification of novelties in the dam behaviour.
Year: 2023
Author(s): Mata, J.; Miranda, F.; Antunes, A.; Romão, X.; Santos, J.
: Water
Editor: mdpi
Keywords: Moving average of the residuals; Threshold definition; Structural health monitoring; Multilayer perceptron neural network model; Concrete dam
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Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering
Traditional dam safety methods, based on visual inspections and manual monitoring,have long been the standard for ensuring the stability and safety of dams. However, asthe scale and complexity of dam projects have increased, these methods have becomeincreasingly insufficient. Major limitations of traditional dam safety methods are theexistence of deficient observation plans and the potential for human error. Inspectorsmay miss crucial signs of deterioration or failure, and manual monitoring can be prone to inaccuracies. In addition, as the number of (aged and new) dams continues to increase,it becomes increasingly difficult and resource-intensive to manually inspect and monitoreach one. Another limitation of traditional dam safety methods is that they are typicallyreactive rather than proactive. They focus on identifying and addressing problems afterthey have already occurred, rather than predicting and preventing them.In contrast, modern techniques such as remote sensing, drones, and sensor networkscan provide more accurate, real-time data on dam conditions. They can also be used tocontinuously monitor dams, providing an early warning of potential problems. ArtificialIntelligence (AI) can be applied to the data collected from these modern techniques foridentifying patterns and anomalies that may indicate a potential problem. AI algorithmscan be used in the decision-making process for dam safety by providing accurate andupdated risk analysis.
Year: 2023
Author(s): Hariri-Ardebili, M.A.; Salazar, F.; Pourkamali-Anaraki, F; Mazzà, G.; Mata, J.
Editor: mdpi
Keywords: Soft computing; Machine Learning; Dam engineering
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A Review on Cement-Based Materials and Practices for Rehabilitation, Retrofitting, and Strengthening of Hydraulic Structures
This paper aims at compiling the most relevant information concerning the use of cement-based mortars and concretes in the rehabilitation, retrofitting, and strengthening of hydraulic structures, namely concrete dams. The most important properties of cementbased mortars and concretes as repair materials are addressed, with a special focus on its compatibility with the concrete substrate. After a brief allusion to generic preparatory works, some of the most common practices are described. The main topics are mortar and concrete toppings, i.e., patches and overlays and thickening of the dam section. Among overlays, shotcrete and underwater works are addressed in detail. Littlerock, Oberems, and Storfinnforsen dam interventions are briefly described as successful rehabilitations involving the shotcrete method, whereas the Albbruck-Dogern dam intervention is given as an example of effective underwater repair works. As for dam section modifications, Kölnbrein, Olef, and Sasanagare dams are presented as conventional mass concrete placements within rehabilitation operations, while Les Toules, Gibraltar, Santa Cruz, and Littlerock dams are references for roller compacted concrete strengthening.
Year: 2022
Author(s): Silva, J.; Serra, C.
: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Editor: ASCE
Volume:
Volume 27 / Issue 3.
Keywords: Concrete; Mortar; Strengthening; Retroffiting; Rehabilitation; Concrete dams
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Injection of discontinuities in concrete dams with cement-based grouts
Injecting discontinuities is a recurrent procedure for the rehabilitation of concrete hydraulicstructures, namely repairing cracked dam bodies and deteriorated lift and contraction joints.Within this scope, a relatively detailed description of the most important cement injectiongrouts features is presented, including the main advantages and drawbacks compared toalternatives. The cement-based grouts are among the most utilised materials in these contexts.Economic and environmental related aspects are among the main advantages ofcement-based grouts, although some technical features of these grouting materials are alsofavourable. The equipment utilised for the preparation and for the application of cementitiousgrouts is also mentioned. This document also addresses aspects related to the assessment ofconcrete dams
Year: 2022
Number Pages:
252-264pp..
Author(s): Conde Silva, J.; Serra, C.
: Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Volume:
VOL. 7, NO. 4.
Keywords: Grouting; Cement; Rehabilitation; Maintenance; Hydraulic structures
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Sliding stability assessment of concrete dams using 3D discontinuum hydromechanical model following a discrete crack approach
Evaluation of the sliding stability of concrete dams requires the use of numerical tools not only able to simulate the coupled hydromechanical behavior but also able to adequately represent the foundation discontinuities and the specific features of dam foundations. The formulation of a three-dimensional (3D) small displacement finite element model based on interface elements to simulate the discontinuities is presented. In this model, the hydraulic behavior is simulated assuming that the water flow occurs only along channels located at the edges of the triangular interface elements that simulate the discontinuities. The model is used to perform coupled hydromechanical analysis of a large arch-gravity dam and to assess safety against dam base sliding, assuming different constitutive models at the dam/foundation interface and two different approaches: (i) strength reduction method and (ii) amplification of the hydrostatic pressure, assuming an increase in the reservoir level. The present study shows that consistent results are obtained with the proposed numerical model and that stability analysis should preferably be carried out using the method of increasing the hydrostatic pressure and the corresponding uplift pressures, as this methodology leads to significantly lower safety factors.
Year: 2022
Number Pages:
25p..
Author(s): Braga Farinha, M. L.; Azevedo, N.; Leitão, N. S.; Rocha de Almeida, J.; Oliveira, S.
: Geotechnics
Editor: MDPI
Volume:
2(1).
Keywords: sliding stability; softening; three-dimnsional numerical modelling; hydromechanical behavior; rock foundations; concrete dam foundations
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Sliding stability assessmento of concrete dams using a 3D discontinuum hydromechanical model following a discrete crack approach
Evaluation of the sliding stability of concrete dams requires the use of numerical tools notonly able to simulate the coupled hydromechanical behavior but also able to adequately represent thefoundation discontinuities and the specific features of dam foundations. The formulation of a threedimensional (3D) small displacement finite element model based on interface elements to simulatethe discontinuities is presented. In this model, the hydraulic behavior is simulated assuming that thewater flow occurs only along channels located at the edges of the triangular interface elements thatsimulate the discontinuities. The model is used to perform coupled hydromechanical analysis of alarge arch-gravity dam and to assess safety against dam base sliding, assuming different constitutivemodels at the dam/foundation interface and two different approaches: (i) strength reduction methodand (ii) amplification of the hydrostatic pressure, assuming an increase in the reservoir level. Thepresent study shows that consistent results are obtained with the proposed numerical model andthat stability analysis should preferably be carried out using the method of increasing the hydrostaticpressure and the corresponding uplift pressures, as this methodology leads to significantly lowersafety factors.
Year: 2022
Author(s): Braga Farinha, M. L.; Azevedo, N.; Leitão, N. S.; Rocha de Almeida, J.; Oliveira, S.
: Geotechnics
Editor: MDPI
Volume:
2(1).
Keywords: sliding stability; softening; three-dimensional numerical modeling; hydromechanical behavior; rock foundations; concrete dam foundations
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Validation of Machine Learning Models for Structural Dam Behaviour Interpretation and Prediction
The main aim of structural safety control is the multiple assessments of the expected dam behaviour based on models and the measurements and parameters that characterise the dams response and condition. In recent years, there is an increase in the use of data-based models for the analysis and interpretation of the structural behaviour of dams. Multiple Linear Regression is the conventional, widely used approach in dam engineering, although interesting results have been published based on machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines, random forest, and boosted regression trees. However, these models need to be carefully developed and properly assessed before their application in practice. This is even more relevant when an increase in users of machine learning models is expected. For this reason, this paper presents extensive work regarding the verification and validation of data-based models for the analysis and interpretation of observed dams behaviour. This is presented by means of the development of several machine learning models to interpret horizontal displacements in an arch dam in operation. Several validation techniques are applied, including historical data validation, sensitivity analysis, and predictive validation. The results are discussed and conclusions are drawn regarding the practical application of data-based models.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
27.
Author(s): Mata, J.; Salazar, F.; Barateiro, J.; Antunes, A.
: Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering
Editor: MDPI
Volume:
13.
Keywords: Model validation; Sensitivity analysis; Structural behaviour; Machine learning methods; Concrete dam
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Repairing concrete dams with cement-based grouts: Case histories
Some successful rehabilitation schemes involving the use of cement-based grouts for the repair of cracks in concrete dams are described. The author reviews the advantages and drawbacks of using cement-based materials in the context of the four main types of concrete dams (gravity, buttress, arch and multiple arch-buttress structures). These and other successful case studies can serve as guidance for future rehabilitation schemes.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
50-54pp..
Author(s): Silva, J.
: The International Journal on Hydropower & Dams
Editor: Aqua Media International
Volume:
Issue 5.
Keywords: Cement-based grouts; Crack repair; Concrete dams; Rehabilitation of dams
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Comunicação
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Novel fiber optic transducers embedded into concrete mass applied to the New Alto Ceira dam
The New Alto Ceira Dam is a concrete arch dam, 41 m high and 133 m long at the crest, located in the middle region of Portugal. Its objective is the replacement of the existing dam located about 200 m upstream, which is highly deteriorated due to swelling phenomena.The dam is actually under construction and its monitoring safety plan is in accordance with the Portuguese Safety Regulations on Dams. The instrumentation embedded into the concrete is based on traditional electrical devices developed several decades ago and with proved durability characteristics.Considering the recent improvements in fiber optic based instruments for structural monitoring, benefiting of multiplexing technique, great reliability and accuracy, it was decided, in an experimental frame, to develop and to install in the New Alto Ceira Dam a set of fiber optic devices.Assuming the instruments embedded into the concrete mass as those exposed to the most aggressiveness of the construction methodologies, strain meters, thermometers and joint meters were selected to the development and implementation of fiber Bragg grating based transducers in order to appraise their performance, reliability, and installation requirements. After laboratory testing and validation, a limited number of these type of transducers were installed in the New Alto Ceira Dam.In this paper, the results from calibration tests are presented, and then a comparison of performance between new fiber optic sensors and the traditional electric sensors is made under controlled conditions, in laboratory. Some preliminary results of the experimental monitoring of the dam are also illustrated.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
16.
Author(s): Matos , D.; Pimentel , R.; Figueiras , J.; Rodrigues, C.; Faria , R.; Tavares de Castro, A.
Editor: IBRACON
Keywords: Monitoring results; Embedded transducers; Fiber optic sensor; Arch concrete dam
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The Effect of Drilling Fluid and Temperature on the Cement-Rock Interaction in Geothermal Wells
The current study has investigated the interactions betweenwell cements and one of the most common types of rocks foundin geothermal environments, under hydrothermal conditions.Holes were drilled in blocks of ignimbrite rock and API classG cement with 0, 20 and 40% added silica flour, was poured intothe cavities. The whole assemblage was autoclaved, under typicalgeothermal conditions at 150° and 300°C for 28 days.The results show that chemical reactions occur in the intertransition zone, which are dependent on both drilling fluid andtemperature. The use of bentonite as a drilling fluid and the exposure to higher temperatures (300°C) when compared to 150°C,seem to exacerbate the reactions occurring in the ITZ. Consequently, there is formation of new crystalline products, whichhave worse performance when the physical bonding between thecement and the rock is considered.The effect of other variables such as CO2 exposure, the hydrothermal alteration of the rock and the curing time are currentlybeing investigated within this research project.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
277-285pp..
Author(s): Silva, J.; Milestone, N.; Johnston, J.
Editor: Geothermal Resources Council
Keywords: Bentonite; Drilling-fluid; Bonding,; Ignimbrite; Geothermal well cements; Cement-rock interaction
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Threshold Definition for Internal Early Warning Systems for Structural Safety Control of Dams. Application to a Large Concrete Dam
Dam safety control activities require an accurate knowledge of each specific dam, with the purpose ofdefining and justifying the judgment about its safety. This task is mainly supported by the cross validationbetween simulation models, measurements provided by the monitoring systems, and the parameters thatcharacterize the dam's behaviour. The main issue is the assessment of the actual structural behaviour in realconditions, which can be used to detect any anomaly and/or malfunction in advance.Over the years, we can verify a significant evolution in the process of interpreting the physical quantitiesprovided by dam monitoring systems. Nowadays, automated data acquisition systems have become a realityin several dams. These systems can be used to support the analysis for dam safety assessment in real time,but also lead to the increase of requirements related to the management, processing and analysis of largeamounts of data.With the development of information systems to support the activities related to dam safety control,particularly the management of a large quantity of information, new challenges related to the managementand analysis of information in real time are raised.The implementation of an Internal Early Warning System (IEWS) based on the automatic analysis of a largequantity of data in real time allows the early identification and notification of potential abnormal situations andmakes the person responsible able to focus on other activities related with the dam safety control of dams.This paper addresses a proposal for an IEWS able to generate warnings in real time when non-accordancebetween observed and predicted values is verified. Subjects related to the definition of the thresholds forquantities measured by the monitoring system, as well as the notification process to the person responsiblefor the dam's safety control, are also discussed.This paper presents the actual Portuguese experience. Aspects related with the requirements for the IEWSare approached. Threshold definition with quantitative interpretation models based on statistical methods,such as multiple linear regression models, and artificial neural network models, is discussed.
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
15.
Author(s): Mata, J.; Tavares de Castro, A.; Sá da Costa, J. M.; Barateiro, J.; Miranda , P.
Keywords: Information system; Threshold definition; Safety control of dams; Early warning system
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Analysis and interpretation of the structural behaviour of Alqueva dam during the first filling of the reservoir
This paper presents the most relevant monitoring data and the interpretation of the structural behaviour of Alqueva dam during the first filling of the reservoir, which took place between February 2002 and January 2010.The safety control and the interpretation of the dam
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
20.
Author(s): Tavares de Castro, A.; Batista, A. L.; Serra, C.
Editor: 6th International Conference on Dam Engineering
Keywords: Concrete creep; Alqueva dam
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Analysis of foundation sliding of an arch dam considering the hydromechanical behaviour
This paper presents the application of a methodology which can be used to assess arch dam foundation stability, using the discrete element method (DEM) and the code 3DEC. A global three-dimensional model of a dam foundation was developed, in which some discontinuities were simulated and both the grout and drainage curtains were represented. The model, calibrated taking into account recorded data, was used to carry out non-linear mechanical analysis. The same model was employed to perform a hydraulic analysis, based on equivalent continuum concepts, which allowed the water pressure pattern within the foundation to be obtained. These water pressures were applied on discontinuities involved in the possible sliding mechanism along the dam/foundation interface, and the safety of the dam/foundation system was evaluated using a process of reduction of strength characteristics, with the aim of calculating the minimum safety factors that ensure stability. Results were compared with those obtained with the usual bi-linear uplift pressure distribution at the base of the dam, commonly used in concrete dam design. The relevance of carrying out hydraulic analysis in arch dam foundation failure studies is highlighted.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
10p.
Author(s): Braga Farinha, M. L.; Lemos, J. V.; Maranha das Neves, E.
Editor: China WaterPower Press
Keywords: Failure analysis; Hydromechanical behaviour; Rock foundations; Concrete dams
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Quantitative interpretation of discharges recorded in concrete dam foundations
This paper presents a study focused on the viability of using simplified statistical methods of quantitative interpretation in the analysis and prediction of foundation behaviour. The shape of the curve which represents the influence that changes in reservoir level have on discharges in a concrete dam foundation was established using a hydromechanical numerical model. Discharges recorded in both single drains and seepage measuring weirs of two large Portuguese dams were analysed. The study carried out highlights the difficulties in interpreting recorded discharges, as they are not the sum of a series of structural responses which can be clearly identified. Conclusions are drawn regarding the accuracy of these methods when used in the analysis of the hydraulic behaviour.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
18.
Author(s): Braga Farinha, M. L.; Pina, C.; Maranha das Neves, E.; Lemos, J. V.
Keywords: Recorded discharges; Statistical studies; Hydromechanical numerical modelling; Foundation behaviour; Concrete dams
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Revisão do plano de observação e instrumentação complementar da barragem da Chicamba
Na sequência de um conjunto de estudos, realizados entre 2005 e 2008 pelo LNEC, sobre o estado da obra e do sistema de observação da barragem da Chicamba, uma estrutura de betão com 75 m de altura, constituída por duas abóbadas, explorada pelaElectricidade de Moçambique (EDM), procedeu-se à revisão do seu plano de observação, no sentido de a dotar de um sistema de observação e de critérios da sua exploração que possibilitassem o acompanhamento continuado do seu desempenho térmico, estrutural e hidráulico, com vista ao controlo da sua funcionalidade e segurança. O reforço do sistema de observação incluiu a instalação de: i) piezómetros na fundação; ii) um fio de prumo invertido na fundação, em ligação com um fio de prumo direito existente na zona central; iii) extensómetros de fundação; iv) bases tridimensionais para medição do movimento de juntas; e v) um novo sistema de observação de deslocamentos por métodos geodésicos, com uma componente planimétrica materializada por uma rede de triangulação e uma componentealtimétrica, a levar a efeito por meio de nivelamentos geométricos de precisão.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
25p.
Author(s): Batista, A. L.; Januário, A.; Carvalho, E.
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Sistemas Inteligentes de Apoio à Decisão no Controle de Segurança de Barragens
Na engenharia de barragens, nomeadamente no âmbito do controlo de segurança destas obras, a quantidade e a diversidade de dados produzidos no percurso de vida da obra são extraordinárias. De facto, para assegurar o controlo de segurança das barragens de forma eficiente e eficaz, os técnicos responsáveis por esta actividade recorrem constantemente não só aos dados fornecidos pela exploração dos sistemas de observação implementados nas obras, mas também ao conhecimento adquirido ao longo dos anos de prática profissional, conhecimento este com uma componente heurística muito marcante. Assim, apenas através da racionalização das actividades subjacentes ao controlo de segurança e o recurso aos sistemas inteligentes de apoio à decisão é possível alcançar níveis de eficácia satisfatórios. Este trabalho aborda algumas questões relacionadas com a utilização dos sistemas inteligentes de apoio à decisão na engenharia de barragens.
Year: 2011
Author(s): Portela, E. A.
Editor: CBDB
Keywords: Sistemas inteligentes de apoio à decisão; Barragens
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Aplicabilidade dos métodos simplificados do EC2 na verificação da segurança de pilares de betão armado de pontes
O presente trabalho, realizado no âmbito de uma dissertação de mestrado, teve como objectivo o estudo dos métodos simplificados de análise dos efeitos de segunda ordem em pilares de betão armado e a avaliação da aplicabilidade dos métodos propostos no Eurocódigo 2 (EC2) na verificação da segurança de pilares de pontes.Começou-se com uma revisão dos métodos gerais de análise dos efeitos de segunda ordem em pilares e dos métodos de verificação da segurança de pilares de betão armado propostos no EC2. A discussão da adequabilidade destes últimos ao caso de pontes foi realizada através da comparação com os resultados obtidos através de métodos de análise física e geometricamente não lineares. Desta comparação resultou uma proposta de adaptação dos métodos do EC2, que se designou por técnica de análise global ponderada, que permitiu obter uma melhoria significativa dos resultados.Os trabalhos foram desenvolvidos através da análise de um conjunto de casos de estudo. Na comunicação apresentam-se os resultados relativos a um viaduto corrente com quatro vãos, com pilares de secção oca, considerando as hipóteses de pilares com alturas pouco diferenciadas e com alturas substancialmente diferentes. Os resultados obtidos permitem avaliar as consequências e a justeza das diferentes abordagens possíveis.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
13p.
Author(s): Batista, A. L.; Águas, C.; Marchão, C.
Editor: Grupo Portugês de Betão Estrutural
Keywords: Eurocódigo 2 (ec2); Efeitos de 2ª ordem; Pilares de pontes; Betão armado
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Aplicação de um modelo hidromecânico na avaliação da segurança de uma barragem gravidade
Neste trabalho apresenta-se um modelo hidromecânico descontínuo da fundação de uma barragem gravidade, que foi desenvolvido com o objectivo de avaliar a segurança da obra para cenários de rotura envolvendo a fundação. Os cálculos são efectuados com o programa UDEC. Consideram-se os casos de modelo com interacção hidromecânica e de abertura constante das descontinuidades, e ainda a hipótese de o sistema de drenagem se encontrar obstruído. O método de redução das resistências é usado para estimar a estabilidade do sistema barragem/fundação para diferentes cenários de rotura, e os resultados são comparados com os obtidos com o método simplificado de equilíbrio limite. Salienta-se a importância da aplicação dos modelos descontínuos nos estudos de avaliação da segurança de barragens de betão.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
10p.
Author(s): Braga Farinha, M. L.; Lemos, J. V.
Editor: Sociedade Portuguesa de Geotecnia/ Universisade do Minho
Keywords: Avaliação da segurança; Modelação numérica; Comportamento hidromecânico; Fundações rochosas; Barragens de betão
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Capítulo de Livro
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BIM no controlo de segurança de barragens de betão: uma ferramenta de apoio às inspeções visuais
As inspeções visuais constituem uma atividade importante do controlo de segurança de barragens. O registo continuado de anomalias e ocorrências permite ao dono de obra acompanhar e manter o estado da obra e do sistema de observação e planear eventuais reparações e processos de reabilitação.Atualmente, é prática corrente recorrer a fichas de inspeção visual para o registo das ocorrências em cada elemento estrutural da obra e elaborar relatórios técnicos em que se descreve a evolução do estado de conservação desde a última inspeção.Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para a implementação BIM a inspeções visuais de barragens de betão com o objetivo de sistematizar e digitalizar a informação proveniente das fichas de inspeção para um modelo BIM tridimensional. Pretende-se que o modelo BIM seja utiliza-do para melhorar a visualização das ocorrências ao longo do tempo.Este trabalho constitui o primeiro passo com vista à criação do sistema integrado BIM de análise de dados gerados automaticamente e de inspeções visuais.Apresenta-se uma proposta de utilização de formulários digitais pré-definidos para o registo das ocorrências e para exportação sistematizada da informação para o modelo BIM tridimensional. Propõem-se as regras de modelação da barragem para a fase de exploração da obra e a definição e classificação de objetos BIM para a estrutura, para as ocorrências e para os instrumentos, incluindo a definição das propriedades para o registo da informação.
Year: 2024
Number Pages:
13p..
Author(s): Serra, C.; Conde Silva, J.; Granja, J.; Azenha, M.
Editor: UMinho Editora
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Using emergent technologies on the structural health monitoring and control of critical infrastructures
Nowadays, organizations are embracing digital transformation, investingin the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) toolsand solutions. Advanced ICT technologies converge with operations technologies(OT), allowing machines, processes, employees, and products to be part ofa single data framework, from data collection to analysis, interpretation, and assessment,which are the foundation for informed decision-making. Industry 4.0takes advantage of emergent ICT to make the right decisions, at the right time,optimizing processes, minimizing risks and improving value chains. The mainaim of the structural safety assessment and control of critical infrastructures, suchas dams and bridges, is to protect people, property and the environment fromharmful effects of failure or misoperation of infrastructures. This goal is achievedthrough Structural Health Monitoring and Control (SHMC) activities to monitorand track the life-cycle of critical infrastructures in such a way that it can providesufficient information for long- and short-term decisions regarding structuralsafety assessment. The objective of this work is to present a reflection of the impactof the industry 4.0 trends on the structural safety assessment of critical infrastructuresand, more specifically, to understand the level of maturity and toshow how the leveraging of enabling technologies such as augmented reality,Internet of Things (IoT), additive manufacturing, cloud computing, big data andanalytics are impacting the SHMC activities on critical infrastructures, which aretraditional cyber-physical systems with complex sensor networks used to assessand control structural safety and health.
Year: 2022
Number Pages:
27.
Author(s): Mata, J.; Santos, J.; Barateiro, J.
: Industry 4.0 for the Built Environment. Structural Integrity
Editor: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Volume:
20.
Keywords: Digital Industry Technologies; Cyber-Physical Systems; Industry 4.0; Critical Infrastructures; Structural Health Monitoring and Control
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Tese de Doutoramento
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Structural safety control of concrete dams aided by automated monitoring systems
As atividades de controlo de segurança de barragens de betão têm um caráter preventivo, com o intuito de facilitar a tomada de decisões de forma atempada para evitar ou minimizar as consequências resultantes de um acidente ou incidente de uma barragem. No controlo de segurança de barragens com sistemas de monitorização automática, a análise de uma grande quantidade de dados ainda pode tornar-se uma tarefa difícil. Por um lado, pretende-se garantir o controlo de segurança, em tempo real, mas, por outro lado, a capacidade humana de processar a informação de dados é limitado. No entanto, os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos em termos de capacidade de processamento de informação têm permitido o desenvolvimento de ferramentas para a análise de grandes quantidades de dados. A necessidade de rever os procedimentos de análise de dados adequados para a extração de informação tornou-se um aspeto importante para a tomada de decisão em tempo útil. Por estas razões, é fundamental proporcionar às entidades responsáveis pela segurança das barragens um sistema de apoio à gestão da informação que facilite o acesso aos dados, a interpretação da informação e a tomada de decisão, de forma atempada. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo desta dissertação é a definição de metodologias para: i) melhorar a qualidade das grandezas medidas pelo sistema recolha automática de dados, através da implementação de procedimentos para o controlo da sua qualidade e para a validação dos resultados, tendo em conta a incerteza de medição dos sistemas de medição; ii) melhorar os procedimentos relacionadas com a análise de dados e a sua interpretação, através de uma abordagem baseada nos dados da observação, a fim de apoiar a decisão de quais as grandezas que devem ser incluídas na sistemas de recolha automática de dados, quantificar o efeito da onda térmica diária na resposta da estrutura e reconhecer padrões de comportamento da barragem; iii) a definição de avisos relacionados com a identificação de comportamento anómalo, e de potenciais cenários de rotura. A aplicação das metodologias propostas num sistema de apoio à gestão da informação será um passo sólido para a melhoria dos processos de controlo de segurança em tempo real.
Year: 2013
Author(s): Mata, J.
Keywords: Barragens de betão; Sistema de apoio à decisão; Sistema de recolha automática de dados; Controlo de segurança estrutural; Monitorização
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Hydromechanical behaviour of concrete dam foundations. In situ tests and numerical modelling
Apresenta-se um estudo sobre o comportamento de fundações de barragens de betão na fase de exploração normal das obras desenvolvido com o objectivo de validar e fundamentar a aplicação de modelos numéricos de análise do comportamento hidromecânico de maciços rochosos, tendo em vista generalizar a sua utilização e tornar mais eficaz a observação e controlo de segurança destas obras. Foi estudada a representação em modelos numéricos da cortina de impermeabilização e do sistema de drenagem e das condições geológico-geotécnicas concretas das zonas de fundação analisadas, tendo em conta, nomeadamente, os problemas computacionais associados a modelos tridimensionais. Foram realizados ensaios de afluência de água em duas grandes barragens portuguesas, uma gravidade e uma abóbada, que se verificou serem fundamentais para caracterizar o escoamento no maciço, complementando a informação obtida com o sistema de observação. Desenvolveram-se modelos hidráulicos e hidromecânicos do comportamento das fundações destas barragens, que no caso da barragem gravidade foram utilizados no estudo de cenários de rotura. Apresentam-se conclusões sobre a adequação e limitação dos modelos numéricos utilizados, sobre os parâmetros essenciais para calibrar e aplicar esses modelos, e propõem-se métodos de planeamento e utilização dos sistemas de observação de fundações de barragens, de modo a melhorar o controlo de segurança.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
475p.
Author(s): Braga Farinha, M. L.
Keywords: Controlo/avaliação da segurança; Comportamento hidromecânico; Modelação numérica; Ensaios de afluência de água; Fundações rochosas; Barragens de betão
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Modelação do comportamento estrutural de barragens de betão sujeitas a reacções expansivas
O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento dos modelospara análise do comportamento de barragens de betão ao longo do tempo, submetidasa processos expansivos devidos a reacções químicas de origem interna. Odesenvolvimento destas reacções expansivas, determinado pela composição do betãoe influenciado pelos campos térmico, higrométrico e de tensões, pode provocarfissuração e contribuir para a deterioração precoce das obras.O trabalho aborda, na parte inicial, a fenomenologia dos processos expansivos,salientando-se os factores de natureza física e química que mais os influenciam. Deseguida apresentam-se os aspectos relacionados com a identificação e acaracterização das reacções expansivas, no que respeita às evidências físicas e aosseus efeitos estruturais. Analisam-se, entre outras obras, as barragens portuguesasafectadas por esta patologia.A influência dos factores que regulam o desenvolvimento do processoexpansivo (composição do betão, temperatura, humidade e estado de tensão) équantificada com base num modelo de interacção químico-mecânico, permitindo umaestimativa das expansões à escala das obras de engenharia. Este modelo foiintegrado num código computacional de elementos finitos que considera ocomportamento diferido do betão, através de um modelo viscoelástico com maturação,e o surgimento e propagação da fendilhação, por meio de uma formulação de dano.Utiliza-se uma técnica incremental na discretização das acções que permite simular aevolução do comportamento ao longo do tempo, tendo em conta os fenómenosdiferidos e o progressivo desenvolvimento da fissuração.Apresentam-se dois estudos de aplicação a barragens portuguesas afectadaspor processos expansivos. O primeiro estudo refere-se à barragem de Santa Luzia,uma abóbada construída entre 1939 e 1943, em que a magnitude das expansões émoderada. O segundo estudo reporta-se à barragem de Pracana, uma obra decontrafortes cuja albufeira foi mantida vazia durante mais de uma década após trintaanos de exploração, devido à fendilhação generalizada da sua estrutura provocada porgrandes expansões diferenciais, que depois foi reabilitada, encontrando-se desdeentão em exploração normal há cerca de quinze anos. Os resultados destes estudosdemonstram o interesse e as potencialidades das metodologias desenvolvidas naquantificação do processo expansivo, na interpretação do comportamento observado ena avaliação das condições de segurança das obras.
Year: 2008
Author(s): Piteira Gomes, J.
Keywords: Agregados reactivos; Microestrutura do betão; Avaliação das condições de funcionalidade; Controlo da segurança; Mitigação; Reacções álcalis-agregado
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ICT
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Parametric inference in the context of beta mixtures
This work deals with the estimation of the parameters of mixtures of beta variables. The work is organized in four main sections preceded by an introduction and succeeded by conclusions. The second section summarizes the properties of the beta distribution and describes two methods to estimate its parameters from observed samples, the method of moments and the maximum likelihood method. The third section presents the general concept of a mixture of random variables, presents the likelihood function of a sample of a beta mixture, finally, describes the EMA
Year: 2017
Author(s): Casaca, J. M.; Pereira, R.
Keywords: Likelihood; Statistical inference; Statistical distribution
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