Papers

Melby presents a formula to predict damage evolution in rubble-mound breakwaterswhose armour layer is made of rock, based on the erosion measured in scale-model tests and thecharacteristics of the incident sea waves in such tests. However, this formula is only valid for armourlayers made of rock and for the range of tested sea states. The present work aims to show howthe Melby methodology can be used to establish a similar formula for the armour layer damageevolution in a rubble-mound breakwater where tetrapods are employed. For that, a long-durationtest series is conducted with a 1:50 scale model of the quay section of the Ericeira Harbour breakwater.The eroded volume of the armour layer was measured using a Kinect position sensor. The damageparameter values measured in the experiments are lower than those predicted by the formulationfor rock armour layers. New ap and b coefficients for the Melby formula for the tested armour layerwere established based on the minimum root mean square error between the measured and thepredicted damage. This work shows also that it is possible to assess the damage evolution in scale model tests with rubble-mound breakwaters by computing the eroded volume and subsequently, thedimensionless damage parameter based on the equivalent removed armour units.

Buildings are subjected to deformations of their reinforced concrete structure due to vertical loadsthat can lead, in certain cases, to the significant cracking of the unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls,therefore requiring the development of specific knowledge of these types of deformations in order to minimisethem.Aiming the evaluation of buildings with reinforced concrete structures subjected to vertical deformations, themechanical characteristics of their infill masonry walls, as well as of their interface with the supportingconcrete elements, are here analysed. The basic compression behaviour of brick masonry is assessedparticularly through the previous analysis of a vertical compression test of a masonry specimen. Themechanical behaviour characteristics of the constituents (bricks, and mortar joints) are analysed to account fortheir influence on the compression behaviour of masonry infill, aiming particularly for the prevision of theircracking in case of vertical deformations of the supporting reinforced concrete (RC) elements. Based on thatevaluation, the analysis of masonry walls subjected to vertical deformations of their supports is made throughthe assessment of the relevant characteristic behaviour of masonry wall-beam/slab assembly in case of verticalload. A general modelling approach of the behaviour of URM infills and the interaction with their supports isgenerally accessed. Finally, the preventive control of deformations of masonry wall-beam/slab assembly isdiscussed.

Buildings are subjected to deformations of their reinforced concrete structure due to vertical loads that can lead, in certain cases, to the significant cracking of the unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls, therefore requiring the development of specific knowledge of these types of deformations in order to minimise them.Aiming the evaluation of buildings with reinforced concrete structures subjected to vertical deformations, themechanical characteristics of their infill masonry walls, as well as of their interface with the supportingconcrete elements, are hereanalysed. The basic compressionbehaviour of brick masonry is assessedparticularly through theprevious analysis of a vertical compression test of a masonry specimen. Themechanical behaviour characteristics of the constituents (bricks, and mortar joints) are analysed to account for their influence on the compression behaviour of masonry infill, aiming particularly for the prevision of theircracking in case of vertical deformations of the supportingreinforced concrete (RC) elements. Based on thatevaluation, the analysis of masonry walls subjected to vertical deformations of theirsupports is made throughthe assessment of the relevant characteristic behaviour of masonry wall-beam/slab assembly in case of vertical load. A general modelling approach of the behaviour of URM infills and the interaction with their supports is generally accessed. F inally, the preventive control of deformations of masonry wall-beam/slab assembly is discussed

DB-HERITAGE provides open and free sharing of wide-ranging technical data on hundreds of samples of building materials from diverse periods, extracted from Portuguese built heritage all over the world. It has been developed to improve know-how for historic building materials and as a basis for developing best practices for built heritage conservation. It incorporates both physical and digital repositories for building material samples and related data, providing tools for the systematic recording of data concerning the history, properties, and performance of materials used in Portuguese built heritage.DB-HERITAGE targets different communities, researchers, and stakeholders involved in the preservation of archaeological and architectural heritage. It provides a systematisation of building assets, within their related environmental, social, and cultural contexts, as well as displaying technical and scientific information on structural elements, built components and their constituent materials. Although the rationale of the wide context sustaining the DB-HERITAGE concept is clear, coordinating communities and reduced time-to-value represent extra requirements for data quality, improved tools, and an efficient management plan.The participation in ARIADNEplus challenged DB-HERITAGE to get the most out of standardised procedures and the FAIR principles, strengthening its data management plan and practices. Data processing has been improved by deploying a common ontology and further developing standards, shared semantics, and identifiers. Updated protocols for data sharing and detailed information on provenance have also been developed to enhance data reuse.This article presents an overview of the aggregation process of DB-HERITAGE data into ARIADNEplus. It includes a summary of DB-HERITAGE's strengths and of the challenges faced within the scope of the aggregation process, with examples of some of DB-HERITAGE's major outputs. Additionally, it considers the benefits and opportunities provided by participation in ARIADNEplus.

As funções financeiras e as funções relacionadas com o desempenho técnico e funcional (não financeiras) estão incorporadas nas atividades de gestão do ciclo de vida de qualquer dos ativos construídos. Essas funções fornecem informação relevante para o estabelecimento de estratégias de operação e de manutenção, bem como para o processo de tomada de decisão relacionado com investimentos a longo prazo em reparações, substituições e reabilitações. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os efeitos da utilização destes dois tipos de funções nas decisões estratégicas de longo prazo da gestão de ativos. Esta demonstração é feita por recurso a uma análise de informação financeira, técnica e funcional de portefólios de edifícios. Para tal, apresenta-se um caso de estudo de dois edifícios escolares públicos construídos, respetivamente nas décadas de 40 e 80 do século passado, nos quais foram realizadas intervenções profundas de reabilitação no ano de 2010. Consideram-se e comparam-se os efeitos das funções utilizadas para apoiar o processo de tomada de decisão nos períodos que antecederam e sucederam essas intervenções. Os resultados dos cálculos de taxas de depreciação funcional equivalente e financeiras, mostram um desalinhamento entre funcões financeiras e não financeiras e realçam a importância de que se promova esse alinhamento, tendo em vista uma otimização da gestão do ciclo de vida destes edifícios.

Shared mobility services can lead to a transformative impact on many cities around the world by enhancing transport accessibility, and modal shift. Therefore, the present research uses a mobility survey and data analysis from e-scooter trips in Braga, Portugal to acknowledge the determinants of shared e-scooter usage in order to understand how cities can continue promoting a modal shift from cars to more sustainable mobility options. The survey was conducted regarding that heavy e-scooter traffic is estimated to occur in university campus areas, while the trip data analyses compare e-scooter displacement patterns in 2019 and 2021. The results show that e-scooters are a rising actor to enable people's displacement, but improvements to the infrastructure offered for this mode of transport (e.g., parking spots, and traffic calming) are crucial to enable a safe and comfortable journey.

The objective of this work is the comparison of two methodologies used for run-up measurements in a two-dimensional physical model, which represented the protection breakwaters of the Peniche and Ericeira

Coastal flooding prediction systems can be an efficient risk-reduction instrument. The goal of this study was to design, build, test, and implement a wave-induced flooding early warning system in urban areas fronted by sandy beaches. The system utilizes a novel approach that combines Bayesian Networks and numerical models (SWAN + XBeach) and was developed in two phases. In the development phase, firstly, the learning information was generated including the creation of oceanic conditions, modeling overtopping discharges, the haracterization of the associated im pacts (no, low, moderate and high) in pedestrians, urban components and buildings, and vehicles, and secondly, the Bayesian Networks were designed that surrogated the previously generated information. After their training, the conditional probability tables were created representing the foundation to make predictions in the operational phase. This methodology was validated for several historical events which hit the study area (Praia de Faro, Portugal), and the system correctly predicted the impact level of around 80% of the cases. Also, the predictive skills varied depending on the level, with the no and high impact levels overcoming the intermediate levels. In terms of efficiency, one simulation (deterministic) of coastal flooding for 72 h by running SWAN + XBeach operationally would take more than two days on a one-logical processor workstation, while the current approach can provide quasi-instantaneously predictions for that period, including probability distributions. Moreover, the two-working phase approach is very flexible enabling the inclusion of additional features such as social components representing a powerful tool for risk reduction in coastal communities.

The search for innovative and sustainable solutions to improve the energy efficiencyof the construction industry has been a hot topic for researchers due to the tremendous impactof insulator materials in the thermal comfort of buildings. In the present work, an innovativelightweight composite material with thermal insulation properties was developed, for the firsttime, by using cardoon particles and polyurethane. The formulation of the composite materialwas optimized in terms of cardoon fraction and the polyol/isocyanate ratio, to achieve the bestcompromise between internal bond (IB) strength and thickness swelling (TS). The best performing composite was PU75-CP45, with 45 wt% of cardoon particles and 75% of isocyanate, achieving an IB of 0.41 MPa and a TS of 5.3%. Regarding insulation properties, the PU75-CP45 composite material exhibits a promising performance when compared to conventional construction industry materials by tuning its thickness. Additionally, the composite material presented very low emissions of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde (bellow to legislation levels) and high resistance to biological degradation

External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) are frequently used to enhance the energy efficiency of the built environment. However, stains of presumable biological nature are often detected shortly after application, causing cladding defacement and altering the building aesthetics. To address which microbiota could contribute to these biodeterioration related color/aesthetic anomalies, samples collected from stains detected on the surface of building facades with ETICS in three residential sites in Lisbon, Portugal, were analyzed throughmicrobiological culture-dependent technique and culture-independent amplicon DNA high throughput sequencing taxonomic profiling. The obtained data provided a comprehensive description of microbial communities assigned to diverse taxa of the major microbial groups of heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, and microalgae (through DNA plastid detection) in the sampled stains. Based on that, we propose that new microorganisms could be added to the list of bio-susceptibility testing organisms in ETICS. Furthermore, microbiota diversity depended more on facade location and cardinal orientation than on ETICS material composition. Overall, this study reveals the unique microbial communities of color/aesthetic biodeterioration stains in ETICS facades, unlike those of other surfaces, and the associated environmental dynamics.