Papers

Com secas cada vez mais frequentes e prolongadas em Portugal, é necessário repensar medidas que permitam enfrentar a falta de água. A água residual tratada constitui uma fonte de água alternativa, a ser utilizada como água para reutilização (ApR) em usos compatíveis, como rega de espaços verdes e lavagem de ruas.A modelação do decaimento de cloro em Sistemas de Distribuição de ApR (SDApR) carece de estudos que proponham metodologias de implementação dos modelos, técnicas de trabalho experimental a nível laboratorial e exemplos de aplicação à escala real. A modelação contribui para promover uma gestão eficaz da desinfeção da ApR, ajudando a determinar dosagens de desinfetante, concentrações residuais nas redes e locais de cloragem.Neste artigo apresenta-se uma metodologia para modelar o decaimento de cloro em ApR usando o software EPANET-MSX. A metodologia envolveu três fases: desenvolvimento do modelo hidráulico, modelação do decaimento de cloro na água e modelação do decaimento de cloro devido às paredes do reservatório e condutas. O modelo foi aplicado num SDApR da área de Lisboa e calibrado com ensaios à escala real, permitindo simular o decaimento de cloro em diferentes pontos do SDApR ao longo do tempo e prever as necessidades de doseamento de cloro

SAFEPORT safety system aims to daily reports to the Sines harbor administration, potential emergency situations regarding ships

Early warning systems are an important tool for local authorities to detect emergency situations in advance and initiate the necessary safety measure. These systems often depend on numerical models to estimate wave overtopping in the affected areas. The SWASH model has shown to deliver good results in recent overtopping studies. The To-SEAlert project has the aim of increasing the efficiency, robustness and reliability of the HIDRALERTA early warning system. This study shows a first intent to implement the SWASH model to simulate wave overtopping for the Ericeira prototype. SWASH was implemented for one breakwater profile used to simulate the overtopping discharge and evaluate the associated risk levels. It was compared to the current approach used in HIDRALERTA, which resorts to a neural network trained with a physical modeling database, NN_OVERTOPPING2. Finally, both approaches were compared with previously analyzed video images of the breakwater. The results showed that SWASH generally overestimates overtopping and is not in good agreement with the video images. NN_OVERTOPPING2 has a better agreement with the video images. A possible reason for the overestimation might be the wave direction, which cannot be included in one-dimensional simulations in SWASH.

Em mais um artigo dedicado à reflexão sobre a habitação para as pessoas mais idosas numa perspetiva integrada e intergeracional, abordamos, especificamente, a importância de uma adequada caraterização residencial em termos de adaptabilidade passiva e ativa quando se visa uma habitação intergeracional especificamente amigável para idosos e fragilizados . Numa primeira parte do artigo faz-se uma introdução global à temática acima referida, passando-se, depois, para a abordagem do tema do interesse que tem o desenvolvimento de habitações, positivamente, à prova do futuro.Em seguida desenvolve-se a temática da adaptabilidade das habitações, realizada no sentido da facilitação da vivência dos idosos e conclui-se o artigo com uma reflexão sobre o assunto específico da opção por se viver em várias (e entre) habitações quando envelhecemos ou quando por isso optamos.

The number of climate-related disasters has progressively increased in the last two decades and this trend will drastically exacerbate in the medium- and long-term horizons according to climate change projections. In this framework, through a multi-disciplinary team and a strong background acquired in recent projects, ICARIA aims to promote the use of asset-level modeling to achieve a better understanding of climate related tangible direct and indirect impacts on critical assets due to complex, cascading, and compound disasters. Furthermore, it takes into account the related risk reduction provided by suitable, sustainable, and cost-effective adaptation solutions. ICARIA focuses on both (i) critical assets and services that were not designed for potential climate change-related impacts that can increase the unplanned outages and failures, and (ii) on housing, natural areas, and population. Cutting edge methods regarding climate scenario building, asset-level-coupled models, and multirisk assessment approaches will be implemented and replicated in three EU regions to understand how future climate scenarios might affect critical assets and to provide decision-making support tools to private and public risk owners to assess the costs and benefits of various adaptation solutions.

This paper investigates the effect of different types of structural and operational measures on water mixing and renewal time in circular and rectangular cross-section water storage tanks, aiming at a better understanding of the flow dynamics to find practicable solutions to improve their design, rehabilitation and operation. An experimental programme, including traditional tracer and dye tracer tests, was carried out in small-scale tanks for different configurations and operating conditions. Two tanks were tested with and without interior structures, with the inlet/outlet pipes at different locations and for constant and variable water level. The main findings are that: i) the most effective measure is operating with fill-and-draw cycles, however, for tanks operated nearly full structural measures are recommendable; ii) reducing the inlet pipe diameter and installing nozzles near the tank bottom improve the mixing conditions; iii) the use of baffles is recommendable when the inlet and outlet pipes are very close.

Insulation materials are fundamental for decreasing energy losses and guaranteeing thermal and acoustic comfort in buildings, which may significantly contribute to decreasing the energy consumption related with poor thermal building conditions. These insulation materials should have a low susceptibility to biological degradation agents to decrease the risks of degradation of other construction materials, as well as decrease possible health risks related with the development of noxious biological degradation agents regarding indoor air quality, for example, or decrease possible structural risks posed by those agents. The present study aimed at evaluating the susceptibility of several insulation materials to mold growth and subterranean termites

By leveraging performance assessment systems (PASs) and incorporating targeted strategies, utilities can enhance the overall effectiveness, reliability, efficiency, and environmental performance of their wastewater treatment facilities. This work presents the results obtained from a comprehensive analysis of treatment reliability and energy performance of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results allowed identifying, for each WWTP, improvement needs related to the aeration energy requirements, as well as to determine the effluent concentration targets required to achieve higher reliability levels while potentially reducing running costs. By analysing reliability combined with energy efficiency, this methodology allowed identifying the WWTPs

Promoting the accuracy and coverage of the alighting of passengers in public transport is essential to support route planning and policy decisions aiming to sustainable mobility. Although previous studies place several principles for alighting estimation from incomplete smart card data, most remain dispersed and address one single mode. These gaps hinder a comprehensive comparison of the success rates of existing alighting algorithms. To address the above challenges, this work assesses side-by-side state-of-the-art principles for alight stop inference using smart card data from multimodal transport networks. To our best knowledge, this research is the first incrementally measuring the impact of each principle present in the literature. It further discusses uncertainty factors and proposes a confidence metric on the estimated alighted stops.