Papers

Le propos de cette communication est la présentation des critères de conception des témoins sonores, de façon qu'ils puissent mesurer correctement les déformations et permettent d'évaluer indirectement les contraintes du béton. Ces critères essaient de fixer le champ de mesure et la raideur convenables à la mesure des déformations. On présentera des résultats expérimentaux et une simulation par ordinateur du comportement des témoins sonores installés au sein du béton.

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This paper is designed to explain in a simple fashion how groud-water pollution studies can be undertaken.

This paper describes a preliminary study of a section of the Rio Maior aquifer in Portugal. The aim of the study is to identify the transmissivity and head regional distributions and the natural recharge as a function of time. A small number of transnissivity measurements on one hand and a relative abundance of head measurements (taken over a long period of time) on the other led to the casting of the identification problem in the framework of stochastic inverse modeling. The basic assumptions of the approach, which was developd earlier, are that the long-transmissiviti Y is a normal and stationary random space function, the aquifer is unbounded, and a first order approximation of the flow equation is adopted. The expected value of the piezometric head H as well as the Y unconditional autocovariance function are supposed to have analytical expressions which depend on a parameter vector (theta). The proposed solution of the inverse problem consists of identifying theta based on the model and the measurements of Y and H by use of a maximum likelihood procedure and subsequently computing the statistical moments of Y and H conditioned on the same data. A general description is given of the theoretical approach, as well as a detailed description of its application to the Rio Maior aquifer, starting from screening of the data and identification of outliers among measurements, through unconditional identificationof theta and the recharge, and finally drawing of the regional maps of the conditional Y and H with their error of estimation. Evaluation of the transmissivity distribution obtained by this method showed an improvedment when compared with transmissiviti distribution obtained without using the head measurements.

O presente trabalho pretende mostrar as possibilidades fornecidas pela utilização de um método de simulação no estudo da homogeneidade da fiabilidade, oferecida pelas curvas de encurvadura de colunas, de diferentes regulamentos de estruturas de aço. Através de um modelo de cálculo geometricamente não linear, de que se faz uma breve apresentação e se descrevem alguns exemplos de aplicação, é feito o estudo da carga crítica de encurvadura de um perfil IPE120, segundo o eixo de maior inércia. Os resultados apresentados referem-se a cerca de 1000 colunas diferentes, obtidas através de um método de simulaçaõ do tipo Monte-Carlo, para as quais se efectua a comparação entre os valores da carga crítica obtidos e os fornecidos por vários regulamentos, bem como a análise da homogeneidade da fiabilidade conferida pelos regulamentos em função das respectivas esbeltezas.

The Azores Islands are located in the mid-Atlantic region near the triple junction where the Euro-Asiatic-African-American plates join together. Seismic activity in the area is very high, as can be observed either from historical events since the fifteenth century, from present day microseismicity, and from direct and indirect measurements of recent tectonic deformation. Volcanic activity is also present throughout the region.All available information, even data exhibiting low quality, was used to develop hazard models of São Miguel Island. Source zones were established based on both the global tectonic behaviour of the region and on the local active fault structures. Recurrence laws for São Miguel Island, for which historical information seemed quite incomplete, were obtained from the large events in the entire archipelago and from their remarkable pattern of time and space dependence, and complimented by information on long-term fault deformation (for the longer recurrence periods) and on high precision instrumental network (for the very short recurrence periods).Attenuation laws were derived from data on events felt and/or recorded in the Island.Hazard maps were obtained through a modified version of McGuire's algorithm for several geometries of source areas and results compared with the maximum observed intensity of historical events.

This paper deals with a subject which is fundamental for the development of groundwater pollution studies: tracer experiments for the evaluation of the longitudinal dispersivity of porous media. An effective single-well injection/detection technique, developed in Lobo Ferreira 1987, and its results are presented and compared with those obtained with the two-well technique. The tracer experiments were carried out in Rio Maior (Central Portugal), with sodium chloride solutions, using two fully penetrationg piezometers, either in separate or together, and a pumping well.

O presente relatório descreve os estudos efetuados no LNEC, que visaram o desenvolvimento e implementação computacional de um algoritmo representativo das relações histeréticas forças-deslocamentos generalizados observados em ensaios de elementos de betão armado sujeitos à flexão.Foi dado um carácter geral à implementação do modelo e, de forma a poder ser usado em trabalhos futuros de análise dinâmica em regime não linear de estruturas de betão armado, sujeitas à ação dos sismos. O algoritmo computacional resultante é suficientemente versátil uma vez que através da introdução de alguns parâmetros pode reproduzir diferentes comportamentos estruturais, tais como: degradação de rigidez e resistência, efeito de

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