Papers

The European Commission (EC) introduced the concept of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) as a new planning paradigm with a focus on people

The reduced lifetime of geothermal wells is one of the main issues facing the geothermal industry, with cement durability being one of the main causes for shortening of a well's life. While most wells are cemented with American Petroleum Institute (API) class cements, alternative cementing systems are currently being considered. In this paper, the interactions of two alternative cement formulations with a typical geothermal rock formation are compared with a class A cement. This allows understanding of the most critical zone in the geothermal cement, which is the outermost layer where the cement encounters and, consequently, interacts with the exterior harsh environment, including the volcanic formation and brine. The faster setting of white cement and high-alumina cement compared with the well Portland cement seems to reduce the reaction extent with the rock. For all the cements tested, both the increased curing temperature (from 150°C to 290°C) and the use of bentonite as drilling mud significantly decreased the bond between the cement and the rock.

O destacamento do vidrado em azulejos constitui a degradação última, uma vez que conduz à perda da camada vítrea que constitui o suporte do conteúdo pictórico. Esta degradação é geralmente considerada de uma maneira difusa, dizendo-se que o vidrado está em perda ou em destacamento. Essa foi a abordagem seguida ao preparar um vocabulário da degradação dos azulejos, na definição de "vidrado em destacamento". No entanto mesmo uma observação superficial dos destacamentos do vidrado permite reconhecer tipos diversos, frequentemente relacionados com o craquelé, cujas morfologias mais comuns este artigo propõe sistematizar.

Novel nanomaterials, such as nanosilica or nano-titanium oxide, have been developed in the last decade for the conservation of the built heritage. Among nanomaterials, nanolimes have acquired a considerable relevance due to their potentialities as consolidant product. The so-called nanolimes, colloidal dispersions of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in alcohols, have been successfully applied as pre-consolidants on frescos and paper, and their use has later been extended to plasters, renders and stone. Nanolimes have better potentialities compared to conventional inorganic consolidants based on limewater (e.g. faster carbonation rate and higher calcium hydroxide concentration). Moreover, nanolimes are considered more compatible with CaCO3-based substrates than alkoxysilanes (e.g. TEOS), the most widely used consolidant products. Nanolimes can guarantee the recovery of the superficial cohesion of degraded materials. However, when a mass consolidation is required, like in the case of decayed stone, nanolimes show some limitations. One of the problems is caused by nanolime accumulation at or just beneath the surface of the treated material. In order to solve this problem, the transport mechanism of nanolime within porous materials, as stone or renders, should first be better understood. Commercial nanolimes were applied on Maastricht limestone, a high-porosity yellowish limestone, used in the Netherlands and Belgium as traditional building material. The absorption and drying behaviour of nanolime in this limestone was measured and nanolime deposition in the stone was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that nanolime transport is strictly related to the properties of the solvent. The alcoholic solvent guarantees a stable dispersion that penetrates in depth in the material, but is partially back-transported to surface. The high volatility of the solvent and the high stability of the dispersion favour the partial back-migration of lime nanoparticles to the surface during drying.

Abstract An overview is presented on the projects that are being carried out by Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory team of LNEC which uses activated carbon based technologies for treating water or wastewater. Emphasis is given to the chemical enhancement of conventional wastewater treatment using

This work presents several approaches in the validation of the hydrodynamic model Tuflow on the simulation of flood extents and water levels, based on satellite SAR imagery. A methodology that uses a simplified bathymetry in the river main course is employed, which proves to be reliable and accurate for high-flow events. This was made possible as the digital terrain model was acquired in a dry period, accounting for large dry areas in the river bed, avoiding in this way the need of expensive river bathymetry surveys. Also, two methods are applied to the SAR imagery to extract the flood boundaries: visual interpretation followed by manual delimitation and an object-based algorithm approach. The hydraulic model is tested on a reach of the Tagus River, Portugal, where the largest flood inundation areas occur, using a historical flood event to verify its robustness and reliability. The accuracy of model prediction is done through comparisons of water levels at a hydrometric station and the determination of commission and omission errors of flood extent, between the reference SAR image and the predicted inundation. It was concluded that the methodology followed in this work is well suited for the hydraulic model validation.

A presente nota biográfica refere o percurso de Júlio Ferry do Espírito Santo Borges nas diversas temáticas da engenharia de estruturas que mereceram o seu maior interesse e resume a sua contribuição em diversos tipos de atividades para entidades nacionais e internacionais, baseando se num texto do Investigador do LNEC Vítor Monteiro.

Methods to detect outliers in network flow measurements that may be due to pipe bursts or unusual consumptions are fundamental to improve water distribution system on-line operation and management, and to ensure reliable historical data for sustainable planning and design of these systems. To detect and classify anomalous events in flow data from district metering areas a four-step methodology was adopted, implemented and tested: i) data acquisition, ii) data validation and normalization, iii) anomalous observation detection, iv) anomalous event detection and characterization. This approach is based on the renewed concept of outlier regions and depends on a reduced number of configuration parameters: the number of past observations, the true positive rate and the false positive rate. Results indicate that this approach is flexible and applicable to the detection of different types of events (e.g., pipe burst, unusual consumption) and to different flow time series (e.g., instantaneous, minimum night flow).

Understanding the influence of the main drivers controlling the circulation and the transport in coastal lagoons is a necessary step towards the description of the dynamics of their ecosystems. Thus, the influence of the main physical drivers on the water exchanges in a multi-inlet barrier island (western sector of the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, Portugal) was investigated. Several scenarios of tide, wind, bathymetry and point source discharges were simulated using a three-dimensional circulation model and a particle-tracking model. The circulation is adequately reproduced by the hydrodynamic model, with root mean square errors of about 5

A series of very shallowearthquakes occurred in the late afternoon ofMay 11, 2011 near the city ofLorca and 55 kmfromMurcia in Spain. The main shock (Mw5.2) occurred at 17:47 (UTC), causing9 deaths and over 250 injured with widespread damage and panic.The strong motion generated by the event was recorded in the town of Lorca near the epicenter.It was a short duration record with peak ground acceleration higher than 0.37 g. In the vicinity ofthe recorded motion (360 m), there is an obelisk composed of 11 frustums resting on a 1-m-highfoundation with a total height of 5.71 m. The general motion observed after the event was of theorder of 1 cm (translation) for most interfaces, while at the upper two, the motionwas of rotationof 2° to 4° in the counterclockwise direction seen from above.In order to understand the behavior of such a structure, numerical simulations of the obeliskwereperformed with the discrete element code 3DEC, employing a rigid block model. The deformationis assumed to be concentrated at the joints between the blocks, governed in the linear range by thejoint stiffness parameters, in the normal and shear directions. In the nonlinear range, a purelyfrictional behavior is adopted, without tensile strength. An elastic joint was introduced at thebase of the model, simulating the deformability of the foundation. The global model deformabilitywas calibrated by means of in situ dynamic characterization.Dynamic analyses were performed, taking into account the large displacement effects that governthe block rocking motion, applying the recorded seismic motion in the 3 directions. Parametricstudies were undertaken to assess the influence of the various input parameters. The modelresults are compared with the observed permanent displacements of the structure.