Publications

Knowledge of forces due to the action of waves on submarine outfalls composed by a pipe and stabilizing concrete weights, considering the wave propagation direction to the outfalls, is essential to their design. 3D numerical models based on RANS-VoF (Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes Volume-of-Fluid) are able to estimate forces on the pipe and weights. The present study aims to simulate a submarine outfall with stabilizing concrete weights at 1:15 scale which was previously tested in the 3D Shallow Water Basin at the Danish Hydraulics Institute (DHI) to analyse the influence of the direction of the incident wave and the distance from the pipe to the bottom on the outfall forces. In this study, numerical results are compared with experimental ones for waves with four different amplitudes and with wave incidence perpendicular to the outfall. The use of k-

The aim of this paper is the experimental characterization of the capture width ratio (CWR) and response amplitude operator (RAO) of a 1:10 physical model of an oscillating wave surge converter (OWSC), under unidirectional regular and irregular waves. The effects of hydraulic power take-off (PTO) system are explicitly taken in consideration. A mathematical model is proposed to describe the PTO damping as a function of the angular velocity of the flap. The harmonic decomposition of free-surface elevation, angular velocity of the flap and pressure in the PTO system demonstrates that these signals are dominated by their linear component. However, the signals also present some important higher-order frequency components. To predict the CWR of the OWSC under irregular waves the nonlinear output frequency response functions are considered as the extension of the RAO to the nonlinear case. It is shown and discussed that the PTO system, wave frequency and height have a significant influence on the CWR and RAO. The RAO curve for irregular waves does not exhibit a well-defined peak, showing a limited variation in a broadband. A weak correlation between CWR and RAO was found, i.e., the maximum CWR does not occur for the maximum value of RAO.

Fluid-dynamic interference among cylindrical structures in arrays, frequently used in engineering, is of fundamental and practical interests since it may considerably change fluid-structure interactions and produce large fluctuating forces on structures that cause vibrations, lock-in and important motions. This paper aims to study the mutual interference between two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement, which is considered the simplest configuration of one array cylinders, elastically mounted in transversal direction and subject to a bi-dimensional uniform laminar flow at low Reynolds numbers. Both cylinders have the same diameter D and the center-to-center spacing is equal to L = 5.25D which corresponds to co-shedding regime. The academic numerical model Ifeinco, which is based on the finite element method and uses a partitioned scheme that considers two-way interaction of fluid flow and structure, has been employed to the analysis. Combinations of upstream and downstream stationary and elastically mounted cylinders are investigated for Reynolds number range from 90 to 140. Differences of flow behaviors drag and lift forces and resonance between single cylinder and cylinders in tandem arrangement were found. Mutual and respective influence of upstream cylinder motion on the downstream cylinder and vice-versa are analyzed. Results show that, in some engineering studies, the consideration of the flexibility of cylindrical structures in arrays is fundamental since it influences significantly the interference between cylinders, mainly the magnitude and direction of forces and characteristics of the resonance range, and, consequently, structural and dynamical behaviors.

This paper describes a programme under the responsibility of the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Portugal for the systematic observation and monitoring of maritime works, termed OSOM+, which has been applied to an extensive number of maritime structures on the Portuguese mainland coast and abroad. The OSOM+ programme comprises the following four main components for each structure: a) Periodic visual inspections by a trained technician; b) Periodic aerial inspections using a UAV/drone; c) The ANOSOM-GIS database, to store and/or query obtained information, as well as to diagnose present, evolution and risk conditions; and d) A mobile, portable, application, for real-time input and visualization of the ANOSOM-GIS database information.This recently updated methodology encompasses a number of tools whose functionalities are illustrated in this paper with an application to a case study: the Ericeira

This paper describes a methodology to determine the optimal size of a Wells turbine to be used in an OWC device taking into account hydro-aerodynamic coupling, performance curves of the turbine and air pressure control by a relief valve. The proposed model, named turbine diameter optimization (TDO) model, considers the movement of the water surface inside the OWC chamber as a piston movement in response to the hydrodynamic forces from the incoming waves. The aerodynamic is based on the first law of thermodynamics applied to the air column of the chamber. The power-pressure curve of the turbine and the air pressure control by relief valve are implemented in the model to determine the turbine power output for several regular incident waves. The TDO model is initially calibrated by a numerical model based on Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for each wave component of an expected sea state distribution. Thereafter, the power output generated by turbines of several sizes is calculated with lower computational cost (few minutes) in comparison with RANS based models (thousands of hours) in a personal computer. This developed methodology is an important support to the process of turbine sizing for an OWC device for an expected sea state distribution.

This paper describes the preliminary developments of an innovative integrated tool for the numerical modelling of oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters (WEC) integrated in vertical breakwaters. The main purpose of the tool is the numerical modelling of wave propagation from offshore to nearshore, wave-structure interaction, and the complex nonlinear hydrodynamic and aerodynamic phenomena that occur in OWC-WECs.The tool development and validation were supported by experimental data from physical model tests carried out in a wave flume at the Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC). Prototype data were also available for the Pico OWC-WEC in the Azores, Portugal, monitored by the Portuguese Wave Energy Centre since 2005. Application of the tool for sea-wave characterization at the Azores archipelago and calculation of the corresponding wave power for a period of 10 years at various points around each island show that, in winter, there is good availability of wave energy in most quadrants of each island. In summer, the resource exploitation is only worthwhile on the north-west coasts of the islands. Physical and numerical modelling results for an OWC with a fully open chamber show good agreement between experimental data and numerical values for several incident wave conditions. The analysed results include the time series of the free-surface elevation at different locations, the time series of the mean free surface inside the water chamber, the amplification factors, the phase angles and the velocity vectors at the highest and the lowest positions of the mean free surface inside the chamber. The tool showed its potential to be useful in supporting ocean and coastal engineering projects due to its capacity to effectively reproduce the main phenomena involved in these types of studies.

Joint statistical models for long-term wave climate are a key aspect of offshore wind engineering design. However, to find a joint model for sea-state characteristics is often difficult due to the complex nature of the wave climate and the physical constraints of seastates phenomena. The available records of wave heights and periods are often very asymmetric in their nature. This article presents a copula-based approach to obtain the joint cumulative distribution function of the significant wave heights and the up-crossing mean period. This study is based on 124-month hindcast data concerning Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm. The extra-parametrization technique of symmetric copulas is implemented to account for the asymmetry present in the data. The analysis of the total sea, the wind-sea and primary swell components is performed separately. The results show that the extra-parametrization technique with pairwise copulas consistently provided a better goodness-of-fit when compared to symmetric copulas. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the separation of the total sea into its components does not always improve the extra-parametrized copula

This paper analyses the hydrodynamic interaction between two ships, one stationary and the other navigating nearby, using physical and numerical modelling. The passing ship is a self-propelled scale model of the

Nesta comunicação, descreve-se um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado e ao comportamento de navios em manobra ou amarrados em zonas portuárias. Trata-se de uma extensão do HIDRALERTA (associado aos fenómenos de galgamentos oceânicos e inundações em zonas costeiras e portuárias), e tal como este, tem como ideia-base a utilização de previsões da agitação marítima (a 72 horas) para calcular os seus efeitos, neste caso, sobre os navios, quer nas manobras de aproximação ao porto quer quando se encontram acostados no interior deste. O sistema está a ser implementado numa plataforma Web e é constituído por 4 módulos: Características da Agitação Marítima; Navegação em zonas portuárias; Avaliação do risco e Sistema de Alerta. O porto da Praia da Vitória constitui a primeira aplicação prática do sistema e ilustra as suas potencialidades.

Nesta comunicação, descreve-se o sistema SWAMS_ALERTA que é um sistema deprevisão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado à navegação em zonas portuáriase ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias. O sistema baseia-se nosistema HIDRALERTA (associado aos fenómenos de galgamentos oceânicos e inundaçõesem zonas costeiras e portuárias), e tal como este, tem como ideia-base a utilização deprevisões da agitação marítima (a 72 horas) para calcular os seus efeitos, neste caso, sobreos navios, quer nas manobras de aproximação ao porto quer quando se encontra acostado nointerior deste.O sistema modular é constituído por 4 módulos: I

O objectivo principal deste artigo é implementar condições de fronteiras específicas num modelo URANS-VOF 3D (Unsteady Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes

This paper focuses the toe berm damage progression analysis using image processing tools, in order to test their applicability to scale model tests. Damage can be characterized either by counting the number of displaced units or by measuring the eroded profile of the armor slope. Nevertheless, qualitative and quantitative damage assessment is not always easy. In order to ease and speed up those tasks, some image processing tools are applied in this study. In this work, damage was accessed using the displaced armor units counting method. A stereophotogrammetric method for profile survey was used to analyze profile eroded areas during test series. An image compare tool was alsp implemented and advantages and limitations of these techniques were evaluated. These techniques were applied ia scale model tests of Praia da Vitória harbor South breakwater, aiming to quantify the cross-section damage progression.

The evaluation of the travel distance of wave overtopping behind coastal structures is very important for estimating the damaging impacts. Usually, these calculations can be performed by applying empirical formulas but they are limited to the wave/water level conditions and structure characteristics for which they were developed.This paper describes the application of existing formulas to a cross-section of the south breakwater of Praia da Vitória port (Terceira island, Azores, Portugal), which is protected by a recurved wave return wall.Results from physical model tests performed at LNEC are used to test, validate and calibrate those formulas. The formula that provided the best fit to the measured travel distances was developed by Besley (1999) but discrepancies were still considerable. Following a sensitivity analysis on the empirical parameters, new parameter values were suggested, as well as adjusted Besley (1999) and Lykke Andersen et al. (2009) formulas, which improved significantly the agreement with the new physical model data.

This paper describes the SWAMS ALERT system, a forecast, warning and risk assessment system associated with navigation and mooring of ships in port areas. This system is based on HYDRALERTA, a previously developed system for overtopping and flooding in coastal and port areas. The basic idea is to use 72-hour sea waves

This paper focus on the sea wave characterization (significant wave height, peak wave period, mean wave period, mean wave direction) at the Azores archipelago and the evaluation of the wave energy source. For the sea wave characterization, the numerical mode! SWAN, is applied for a period of 10 years in several points around each of the nine islands of Azores, at the 100 m CD bathymetric. Based on those results, average wave power maps considering whole 10 year period or the winter and the summer periods are constructed. An average sea wave climate is also presented. Moreover, sea wave characterization is also made for Porto Cachorro at Pico island, where a power pIant is constructed since 1990.

A avaliação quantitativa do risco de galgamentos, e correspondente inundação, em termos de custos associados aos danos causados por estes fenómenos é de grande relevância. Com efeito, tal dotará as autoridades competentes de uma informação fulcral para o planeamento a médio e longo prazo de intervenções mitigadoras do risco.Nesta comunicação, apresenta-se a aplicação da simulação de Monte Carlo ao porto da Praia da Vitória para a análise da incerteza das variáveis que influenciam o valor dos prejuízos causados pela ocorrência de galgamentos e inundação nesta zona portuária.A metodologia consiste na definição de um conjunto de variáveis aleatórias, tais como: o caudal médio galgado, a área atingida pelo galgamento, o valor e o número de bens em risco e o dano causado nos bens. A cada uma destas variáveis faz-se corresponder uma distribuição de probabilidade, procede-se à geração de uma amostra de valores aleatórios, aplica-se o modelo para cálculo do prejuízo associado ao galgamento utilizando as combinações geradas pelas variáveis aleatórias e, por fim, analisam-se os resultados para avaliação da incerteza nos mesmos. Com vista a simplificar a aplicação do modelo, esta foi dividida em 3 estágios, sendo o primeiro apenas para a geração da distribuição do caudal médio galgado condicionado ao nível da altura significativa do estado de agitação incidente na estrutura, o segundo para a determinação da distribuição correspondente ao custo condicionado ao mesmo nível e o terceiro para a obtenção da distribuição para o risco. A probabilidade de excedência de cada um dos níveis referidos é determinada, com base nos últimos 30 anos de previsões da agitação marítima obtidas nesta zona. Os caudais médios galgados sobre uma estrutura portuária são obtidos com recurso à ferramenta neuronal NN_OVERTOPPING2. Os restantes parâmetros foram definidos empiricamente apenas com o intuito de demonstrar o modelo.

Runnup and overtopping are the two main sea wave originated events that threat coastal structures. Theseevents may cause destruction of property and the environment, and endanger people. To build early warning forecast systems, we must take into account the consequence and risk characterization of the events in the affected area, and understand how these two types of spatial information integrate with sensor data sources and the risk determination methodology. In this paper we present the description and relationship between consequence and risk maps, their role on the risk calculation, and how the HIDRALERTA project integrates both aspects into its risk methodology. We present a case study for Praia da Vitória port, in Azores Portugal.

This paper describes the advances on the research project DITOWEC

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A