Publications

Na sequência dos estragos causados pelo furacão Lorenzo no molhe principal do porto de Ponta Delgada, foi elaborado um projeto de reparação do mesmo, tendo havido necessidade derealização de ensaios em modelo físico tridimensional com o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade da solução projetada.

Em 2 de outubro de 2019, o furacão Lorenzo atingiu as ilhas do Arquipélago dos Açores, provocando estragos nas infraestruturas portuárias, nomeadamente no molhe principal do porto de Ponta Delgada. No sentido de minorar este problema, foi elaborado um projeto de reparação do molhe (CONSULMAR, 2020), tendo nesse âmbito sido necessária a realização dos ensaios em modelo físico tridimensional com o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade da solução projetada.Os ensaios foram realizados num tanque de ondas irregulares do LNEC à escala geométrica1:65 e contemplaram 6 séries de ensaios associados a 3 rumos de agitação marítima (WSW, S, SSW) e a dois níveis de maré (baixa-mar e preia-mar) associados a períodos de pico (Tp) entre 12 s e 20 s e alturas de onda significativa (Hs) variando entre 8 m e 15 m, Lemos et al. 2020.

A avaliação da estabilidade do manto resistente de quebra-mares de taludes requer, na maioria dos casos, a realização de ensaios em modelo físico. Entre os diferentes métodos de avaliação da evolução da estabilidade, destaca-se a medição do volume erodido do manto resistente por ação da agitação marítima. Este volume pode ser determinado a partir de levantamentos consecutivos da envolvente dos taludes. Melby[1] apresentou uma fórmula para previsão da evolução do dano em quebra-mares de taludes com base nas características da agitação neles incidente. No presente estudo pretendeu-se utilizar um programa de ensaiosem modelo físico bidimensional semelhante ao programa que conduziu à referida fórmula aplicado a um caso de estudo correspondente a uma secção do quebra-mar do porto de Peniche.Os ensaios realizados fazem parte do projeto BSafe4Sea que visa desenvolver, testar e comprovar o conceito de previsão do comportamento estrutural de quebra-mares de talude, que constitui a base de um sistema inovador de apoio à decisão. Os ensaios tiverem como objetivo analisar a resposta da estrutura a diferentes estados de agitação incidentes, cujos resultados são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento d e formulações empíricas de previsão da evolução do dano.

This paper studies the effects of an air bubble curtain on surface water waves. Water particle velocities and free surface elevations were measured simultaneously at two cross-shore sections downstream the air bubble curtain. Measurements were carried out for regular waves regarding different air bubble curtain configurations. Free surface elevations were measured using resistive gauges and the instantaneous velocities were acquired using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). The characteristics of the free surface elevation, velocity field and turbulence are analyzed and discussed. The free surface elevation was found to be constantly attenuated by the air bubble curtain. The phase-averaged velocity profiles also depict the effect of the air bubbles in the flow field by generating milder longitudinal velocities (u) and by increasing the transverse component of the velocity (w). The increase in the turbulence intensity and the different energy spectrum produced by the air bubble curtain is also analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the thickness of the air bubble curtain and the total air flow rate affects the wave field.

An experimental study was carried out to investigate seabed-pipeline interactions with regard to soil liquefaction. For a soil with a high proportion (30 to 60%) of fine sediment, four groups of tests were configured to reproduce soil liquefaction around pipelines for different initial pipe depths, pipe densities and wave conditions (wave height and period). The study focused on verifying the theoretically computed areas of soil failure by analyzing the sinking depths of the pipelines. The main findings are that a pipe with a submerged specific weight of less than half that of the soil will move up to the mudline; that the loss of soil loading capacity is more frequently evidenced in a fluid-like behavior of the soil than by an abrupt breaking of the soil matrix; and that the pipes which are totally buried will sink more than half-buried pipes. Moreover, wave action and the specific weight of the pipes seem to play more important roles in the expected behavior of the wave

In coastal areas, overtopping events and coastal floods, resulting from the occurrence of maritime storms, can cause severe damage to infrastructure, building and equipment, can be responsible for coastal morphology changes (coastal erosion), as well as put in damage human lives, animals or the ecosystem.

SAFEPORT safety system aims to daily reports to Sines harbour administration, potencial emergency situations regarding ships operation in port areas caused by extreme weather-oceanographic conditions, that may occur in the next three. It consists of a set of numerical models and a qualitative risk assessment and forecasting. It uses forecasts provided offshore of the area under study of sea agitation, wind and tide. The characterization of the response of the free and moored ships at a berth is performed using the numerical modelswhich deals with formulations in the frequency and time domain. The system issue alerts, through danger levels associated with risk levels of exceedance of recommended values for movements and forces imposed on ship mooring systems. SAFEPORT can be adapted to any port. So far, it has been developed and adapted to three terminals of the port of Sines, where three different ships were simulated. This paper presents the developments made to date of the safety system, in terms of its implementation and validation. The numerical models run every day, in real-time mode, in a computer cluster and the system provide forecast results for the next 72 hours. The results are disseminated on a web page and a mobile application in a variety of formats.

Early warning systems are an important tool for local authorities to detect emergency situations in advance and initiate the necessary safety measure. The To-SEAlert project has the aim of increasing the efficiency, robustness and reliability of the HIDRALERTA coastal hazards early warning system. This study shows a first intent to implement the SWASH numerical model to simulate wave overtopping for the Ericeira prototype. SWASH was implemented for one breakwater profile where overtopping discharge and associated risk levelsare estimated. It was compared to the current approach used in HIDRALERTA, the neuronal network NN_OVERTOPPING2. Finally, both approaches were compared with previously analysed video images of the site. The results showed that SWASH generally overestimates overtopping and is not in good agreement with the NN_OVERTOPPING2 or the video images. A possible reason might be the wave direction, which cannot be included in one-dimensional simulations in SWASH.

No âmbito do

Extending for more 900 km with diverse geomorphologies and land-use occupation, the Portuguese coastal zone is highly vulnerable to overtopping and flooding.

The ultimate goal of applying SWASH in the present work is to compare SWASH wave height results with laboratory results presented in Løvås (2000) and with field observations of Vo-Luong and Massel (2008) as well. Additionally, SWASH results will be also compared to the ones previously obtained by other empirical and numerical models (Mendez and Losada, 2004; Suzuki et al., 2012).Preliminary SWASH wave height simulations for breaking random waves over vegetation have shown an overall good agreement to the flume data presented in Løvås (2000). The agreement between SWASH and flume results looked worst at the wave breaking zone, which seems to be improved through a better wave breaking parametrization.

Most of the previous studies on wave propagation over vegetation fields estimated drag coefficients (CD) for rigid and flexible plants by the so called calibration method which gave similar CD for both types of plants. However, CD may actually be considerably different when the drag force is directly measured. In order to investigate the wave dissipation and CD further, flume experiments for wave propagation over vegetation are conducted with a special focus on the benchmark single cylinder test that calculates CD by direct measurements in single rigid and flexible artificial plants.

O projeto BSafe4Sea visa desenvolver, testar e comprovar o conceito de previsão do comportamento estrutural de quebra-mares de talude como a base de um sistema inovador de apoio à decisão. A utilização de fotografias aéreas obtidas com veículos aéreos não tripulados, de vídeo e de posicionamento com GNSS, juntamente com a avaliação probabilística do comportamento dos quebra-mares baseada em modelos físicos e numéricos, apoiarão o planeamento e a priorização de trabalhos de manutenção e reparação, aumentando a segurança, funcionalidade e resiliência destas obras. Este sistema é urgente devido à sua relevância para as modernas redes de transporte de mercadorias e passageiros e às condições extremas a que os quebra-mares estão sujeitos, e que se poderão agravar devido às alterações climáticas.

This paper describes a programme under the responsibility of LNEC for the systematic observation and monitoring of maritime works that has successfully been applied to an extensive number of maritime structures on the Portuguese mainland coast and abroad.The now-called OSOM+ programme comprises the following four main components for each structure: periodic visual inspections by an experienced technician; periodic aerial inspections with a UAV/drone; a ANOSOM-GIS database, to store and/or query obtained information on the observation campaigns, as well as to diagnose present, evolution and risk conditions of the structure; a mobile, portable, application, for real-time input and visualization of the database information.This recently updated methodology encompasses a number of tools and functionalities that are illustrated in this paper with applications to a real case, the Faro-Olhão

In this paper, the development of such system, called SWAMS ALERT, is detailed and an illustration on how it applies to a real port is presented, namely the port of S. Roque do Pico. SWAMS ALERT is as risk forecast and management system for the safety of transiting ships and moored ships in ports and harbors. This system can be fine-tuned to a specific port, thus becoming a valuable tool to help in the selection of docking and mooring devices. SWAMS ALERT extends the functionality of the wave overtopping events forecast system HIDRALERTA to include the ship

Since 1986, the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has developed a program for Systematic Observation of Maritime Works (OSOM) for the structures under the responsibility of the former Port and Maritime Transport Institute (IPTM).The objective of this program is to monitor the behavior of the structures and recommend timely interventions for their maintenance and/or repair. Recently, with the acquisition by LNEC of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, or drone), a number of structural surveys have been carried out to complement the information obtained in above mentioned visual observation campaigns. The UAV provides more detailed and accurate information on the state of the structures. It also allows the assessment of the evolution of structures

Neste artigo descreve-se o trabalho desenvolvido, até ao presente na construção, desenvolvimento e implementação dos 2 novos protótipos do sistema HIDRALERTA para os portos da Madalena do Pico e de S. Roque do Pico, ambos na Ilha do Pico, Açores. Este sistema permite a previsão e alerta de situações de emergência relacionadas com agitação marítima, galgamentos, inundações.

The recent acquisition of an UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), or drone, has enriched ongoing LNEC

Nesta comunicação analisa-se a influência da variação da profundidade na interação hidrodinâmica entre dois navios, um estacionário e outro navegando na vizinhança, com recurso à modelação física e numérica. O navio em movimento é um modelo autopropulsionado à escala do navio de transporte de produtos químicos

O conhecimento das forças devido à ação das ondas que atuam nos emissários submarinos compostos por uma conduta e anéis de estabilização de betão, para agitação com direção de propagação próxima da direção do emissário, é essencial para o seu dimensionamento. Esta é uma configuração complexa, para a qual a modelação numérica, utilizando modelos 3D de tipo RANS-VoF (Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes Volume-of-Fluid), é especialmente adequada para obter uma estimativa das forças na conduta e nos anéis. O presente estudo consiste na simulação de um emissário submarino com anéis de estabilização à escala 1:15 que foi ensaiado num tanque de ondas tridimensional, nas instalações do Danish Hydraulics Institute (DHI), para estudar a influência da direção da agitação incidente e da distância da conduta ao fundo nas forças que atuam no emissário. Foram realizados ensaios sem e com anéis (2 tipos de anéis), para diferentes condições de agitação e direções de agitação incidente (90º, i.e., perpendicular à conduta, 30º e 10º) e para três distâncias da conduta ao fundo (0.0, 0.020 e 0.033m). Os resultados numéricos são comparados aos experimentais para agitação com direcção de propagação perpendicular ao emissário, para 3 alturas de onda incidente. Verificou-se que o modelo de turbulência k-

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