Publications

In order to promote an effective approach to the prevention of and preparedness for disasters, the countries participating in the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) shall develop risk assessments, risk management capability assessments and disaster risk management planning at national or appropriate sub-national level. The European Commission is providing scientific support to the countries participating in the UCPM, publishing updated guidelines to facilitate the development of their National Risk Assessments (NRAs). Earthquake is among the most common hazards considered in NRAs prepared by the countries participating in the UCPM. Indeed, in 2018 NRAs, more than 20 countries performed risk assessment for earthquakes, and some considered cross-border and cascading effects, such as tsunami, landslides, disruption of infrastructure and industrial accidents. This paper surveys and summarises the current state of research that can be utilized for national seismic risk assessment. It aims to facilitate the development of consistentNRAs with respect to earthquakes and ensure their utility in seismic risk management planning. It also aims to support the use of the new reporting guidelines on disaster risk management among countries participating in the UCPM. The seismic risk assessment process is described as outlined in ISO 31000: 2018. A wealth of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and damage-to-loss models, methodologies and tools are presented to serve the purpose of conducting national seismic risk assessment. References to relevant European research projects, good practices, and software to support the assessment are also provided.

The metropolitan area of Lisbon is the region of Portugal with the highest seismic risk, given the coexistence of moderate-to-high hazard with highpopulation density and building stock exposure. The present work addresses the seismic risk assessment of pre-code masonry buildings in this region, accounting various typological classes and conservation states in order to evaluate the consequences in terms of economic losses. The analyses are conducted through a seismic probabilistic approach, considering the sitespecific ground motion through a non-stationary stochastic method. The results can serve as a useful guide for decision-making in developing regional seismic risk mitigation strategies.

Given the 516 Arouca pedestrian suspension bridge

Azores Islands are seismically active due to the tectonic structure of the region. Since the 15th century, they have been periodically shaken by approximately 33 moderate to strong earthquakes, with the most recent one in 1998 (Mw = 6.2). Nonetheless, due to insufficient instrumental seismic data, the region lacks a uniform database of past real records. Ground motion simulation techniques provide alternative region-specific time series of prospective events for locations with limited seismic networks or regions with a seismic gap of catastrophic earthquake events. This research establishes a local ground motion model (GMM) for the Azores plateau (Portugal) by simulating region-specific records for constructing a homogeneous dataset. Simulations are accomplished in bedrock using the stochastic finite-fault approach by employing validated input-model parameters. The simulation results undergo validation against the 1998 Faial event and comparison with empirical models for volcanic and Pan-European datasets. A probabilistic numerical technique, namely the Monte-Carlo simulation, is employed to estimate the outcome of uncertainty associated with these parameters. The results of the simulations are post-processed to predict the peak ground motion parameters in addition to spectral ordinates. This study uses XGBoost to circumvent the difficulties inherent to linear regression-based models in establishing the form of equations and coefficients. The input parameters for prediction are moment magnitude (Mw), Joyner and Boore distance (RJB), and focal depth (FD). The quantification of GMM uncertainty is accomplished by analyzing the residuals, providing insight into inter- and intra-event uncertainties. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested model in simulating physical phenomena.

The characteristic values of temperature corresponding to the maximum and minimum shade air temperature with an annual probability of being exceeded 0.02, used in the European construction standard for thermal actions (EN 1991-1-5:2003), are usually assessed at a country level and included in the National Annexes to that Eurocode part.The paper aims to support national authorities on elaborating maps for thermal actions using publicly available datasets, consistent at a European level, and harmonised modelling approaches. In addition, these datasets are continuously updated, reflecting the current climate and capturing potential global warming variations.The work investigates how updates in data and modelling could affect the characteristic values currentlyadopted in the Italian National Annexes to the Eurocodes. The main results show that: (i) the currently adoptednumber and locations of the weather stations result fairly representative of the patterns detected by exploitingadditional datasets; ii) the statistical method plays an essential role in the assessment of characteristic values, i.e., the method adopted in the current Italian standard evaluates more conservative characteristic values of maximum temperature than Gumbel or Generalized Extreme Value distributions, but could err on the unsafe side for minimum ones; (iii) both E-OBS and ERA5-Land datasets represent two optimal products to be used as a common source of temperature values at European scale; (iv) moving towards an updated period for temperature data results on an increase of characteristic values of maximum temperature and limited variations in spatial extent and magnitude of characteristic values of minimum ones.

The present work analyses the wind load effects on the 516 Arouca bridge, the world's longest pedestrian suspension bridge in 2020. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to model a range of wind incidence angles between -8

The safety and resilience of school buildings against natural disasters is of paramount importance since schools represent a reference point for communities. Such significance is not only related to the direct consequences of collapse on a vulnerable part of the population, but also due to the importance of schools in the post-disaster recovery. This work is focused on the risk and resilience assessment of school buildings in Lisbon (Portugal) under seismic events. The results of this study, in which a subset of 32 schools are analyzed, are used to define a prioritization strategy to mitigate the seismic risk of the Lisbon City Council school building portfolio and to assess the overall resilience of the school network. Numerical modeling of the school buildings is performed in order to estimate losses in terms of the built-up area of the schools and recovery times associated with different seismic scenarios, which are probabilistically defined specifically for the sites of the buildings, accounting for the local soil conditions and associated amplification effects. Based on the obtained risk estimates, which are compared to reference values established on international guidelines and specialized literature, the Lisbon City Council and LNEC jointly defined a short- and medium-term risk mitigation plan, starting with a detailed inspection and assessment of the most vulnerable school buildings and continuing to the implementation of retrofitting measures.

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), despite its deep criticism, is still the most common tool used to decide on the acceptable seismic risk and corresponding mitigation measures. We propose two consistency tests to address the variability of earthquake generation models found in PSHA studies: (i) one rule-of-thumb test where the seismic moment release from the model is converted to an average slip on a typical fault and compared with known plate kinematics or GNSS deformation field and (ii) a test where using a neotectonic model the computed deformation is converted into seismic moment release and to a synthetic earthquake catalogue. We apply these tests to W and SW Iberia slowly deforming region, where two earthquake source areas are investigated: (1) the Lower Tagus Valley, one of the largest seismic risk zones of Portugal; and (2) the offshore SW Iberia area, considered to be the source for the 1 November 1755 event (M

Procuram-se sintetizar neste artigo os principais aspetos relacionados com a avaliação e a reabilitação sísmica de edifícios existentes de alvenaria, compatibilizando a NP EN 1998-3:2017 com os respetivosAnexo C, específico para edifícios de alvenaria, e Anexo Nacional, específico para Portugal.A avaliação sísmica é um procedimento quantitativo através do qual se verifica se um edifício existente, danificado ou não, satisfaz os requisitos de desempenho, definidos por uma combinação de um estado limite com um nível de ação sísmica, através de critérios de conformidade. Neste procedimento estão envolvidos a definição da ação sísmica, a modelação da estrutura, os métodos de análise para determinação dos efeitos das ações e as verificações de segurança. São abordados os métodos de análise, dois lineares e dois nãolineares, aplicáveis a edifícios existentes de alvenaria, bem como as recomendações específicas do Anexo C e as informações complementares do Anexo Nacional.

The response of three full-scale unreinforced masonry buildings, without specific seismic detailing, as observed in shake table testing at LNEC for a seismic action representative of induced seismicity, is presented. The first building specimen simulated the upper floor and roof of the end-unit of a two-storey terraced house, built with unreinforced cavity walls, a reinforced concrete slab and a pitched timber roof. The second specimen was a replica of the roof of the first building. The third specimen represented instead a one-story detached pre-1940

No âmbito do projeto HiLoTec (desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia construtiva simples, inovadora e sustentável para edifícios de pequeno porte em países em desenvolvimento) foi desenvolvido um sistema construtivo baseado na utilização de blocos de terra compactada com estabilização hidráulica e junta seca. O presente artigo apresenta os principais resultados do ponto de vista estrutural obtidos ao longo do projeto, com especial ênfase para o comportamento sísmico, lançando contribuições para a resposta à pergunta se se poderão os blocos de terra compactada com estabilização fazer um sistema sismo-resistente para construções de pequeno porte. A campanha experimental incluiu ensaios de caracterização do sistema a diferentes níveis: material (solo), bloco, prismas de alvenaria, paredes de alvenaria e um protótipo ensaiado na mesa sísmica no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, em Lisboa.

A simulação de movimentos intensos do solo torna-se necessária em regiões de sismicidademoderada, onde os registos de interesse para a engenharia são escassos e insuficientes, oupara estudos que exijam especificamente registos de uma determinada magnitude edistância de interesse. O modelo estocástico, partindo do conhecimento das característicasespetrais da fonte e considerando os efeitos de propagação das ondas sísmicas no percursodesde a fonte até ao local, estima os movimentos intensos do solo em termos da suaintensidade, conteúdo em frequência duração e variabilidade espacial.Neste trabalho apresenta-se o procedimento efectuado, com base nos registos obtidos narede acelerográfica nacional, para quantificação dos parâmetros que descrevem osprocessos envolvidos na geração de movimentos intensos do solo e que são necessáriospara a aplicação do modelo estocástico. Estuda-se o processo de propagação das ondassísmicas (atenuação geométrica e inelástica), o processo de atenuação na crusta superior edeterminam-se as caraterísticas espetrais da fonte sísmica.

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures with tri-dimensional asymmetries tend to exhibit torsional effects that are of great concern in the field of earthquake engineering, in particular at large ductility levels where they become more relevant [MAN09]. In nuclear facilities, this issue assumes particular relevance considering that these structures are designed to respond essentially in the elastic range with a controlled level of deformations and accelerations when subjected to strong ground motions. Within the previous framework, the research project SMART 2013 (

Conservation of ancient built heritage plays a leading role for modern societies. Knowledge about ancient building methods, essentially based on the use of natural materials such as earth, stone and wood, is fundamental to plan interventions aimed at preserving the architectural heritage. Due to the growing research on sustainable technologies, the interest in structural systems built using natural materials has been rising more and more. Taking an earthen mock-up construction as model, the paper focuses on the dynamic behaviour of such a system tested on a shaking table. Detailed descriptions of the model, its mechanical features, the seismic test performed and the damage pattern obtained are first presented. Then, the dynamic identification of the structure during damage occurrence is performed through the decomposition of the power spectral density matrix. Damage evolution and localization are also analyzed by an index based on the complex eigenvectors estimated from the matrix. Finally, comparisons between experimental and analytical results are addressed.

A avaliação da vulnerabilidade sísmica dos edifícios

Ao longo dos anos, os sistemas de controlo e proteção têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos, no sentido de resolver os problemas relacionados com os danos resultantes de ações dinâmicas. Estes sistemas permitem melhorar o comportamento dinâmico estrutural através da modificação das suas características dinâmicas ou influenciando a forma como as ações lhe são transmitidas. A forma como a ação dinâmica é modificada permite distinguir os vários tipos de sistemas de proteção dinâmica e em particular de proteção sísmica. Pretende-se apresentar a evolução através do tempo ao nível dos sistemas de proteção sísmica, bem como contextualizar o estado atual dos conhecimentos com particular incidência nos sistemas de proteção sísmica do tipo passivo e dentro destes dar mais ênfase aos amortecedores de líquido sintonizado (ALS) apresentando a descrição de alguns conceitos básicos associados ao seu funcionamento, vantagens, limitações de utilização, bem como alguns exemplos de aplicação prática a vários tipos de estruturas, nomeadamente edifícios.

The calibration of the input parameters is the important task for stochastic finite-fault simulation in volcanic areas that we manage in the framework of the european project UPStrat-MaFa. The stochastic simulation method requires to know fault geometry, source, crust properties of the region and local site effect. We focused on the following pilot test areas: Mt Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Mt Etna , performing also two application for large magnitude event for Azores Islands and South Iceland. A general preliminary database of ground motion records has been collected in all test areas in order to set up the empirical laws of ground motion parameters. The results of the simulations are compared with observed waveforms and response spectra, to evaluate the suitability of the used parameters. The results show a good agreement between observed and simulated time histories and response spectra, encouraging further effort towards quantitative high resolution studies on input parameters.

Earthquake damage includes non-structural failure, failure of utility systems and, infrastructure, loss of functionand other non-structural damage. Occupants, building owners, insurance companies, building inspectors andothers, through their use of the buildings, systems and content, can affect the risk of such negative events. Thus,a prerequisite for more effective disaster risk reduction is increased risk awareness amongst people and in thecommunity and state development planning process, the educational curriculum, and media. As knowledge isclearly connected with understanding risks, the perception of natural hazards and risks in the local environmentshould be developed with the help of education. This paper presents a comparative study of the currenteducational curriculum on natural hazards within the school systems in four European countries: Italy, Portugal,Spain and Iceland. None of the countries provides courses dedicated to this topic but include it within othersubjects, most often in the natural sciences.

The source spectra and physical properties of the propagation medium are studied from Azores seismographic data gathered over the past 20 years.

O aproveitamento hidroelétrico de Foz Tua situa-se no rio Tua e compreende uma barragem de betão do tipo abóbada. Os estudos sismológicos realizados visaram definir as ações sísmicas a considerar no projeto e nas verificações de segurança estrutural da barragem. Com este objetivo foram analisadas as diferentes abordagens para a caracterização da ação sísmica, bem como, em função dos métodos de avaliação adotados, os critérios utilizados para a definição dos cenários sísmicos correspondentes ao SBP (Sismo Base de Projeto) e ao SMP (Sismo Máximo de Projeto). A aplicação da metodologia proposta ao local do aproveitamento requereu a análise da informação geológica e sismológica disponível, com especial enfoque para as principais falhas regionais consideradas ativas e para os dados do catálogo sísmico relativos à região. Os movimentos sísmicos para os cenários SBP e SMP foram determinados com base em leis de atenuação segundo abordagens determinística e probabilística, e na metodologia estocástica que considera a geometria da falha, heterogeneidades de rotura e características do meio de propagação.

This book presents a selection of the best papers from the HEaRT 2015 conference, held in Lisbon, Portugal, which provided a valuable forum for engineers and architects, researchers and educators to exchange views and findings concerning the technological history, construction features and seismic behavior of historical timber-framed walls in the Mediterranean countries. The topics covered are wide ranging and include historical aspects and examples of the use of timber-framed construction systems in response to earthquakes, such as the gaiola system in Portugal and the Bourbon system in southern Italy; interpretation of the response of timber-framed walls to seismic actions based on calculations and experimental tests; assessment of the effectiveness of repair and strengthening techniques, e.g., using aramid fiber wires or sheets; and modelling analyses. In addition, on the basis of case studies, a methodology is presented that is applicable to diagnosis, strengthening and improvement of seismic performance and is compatible with modern theoretical principles and conservation criteria. It is hoped that, by contributing to the knowledge of this construction technique, the book will help to promote conservation of this important component of Europe

The applications of discrete elements models based on rigid block formulations to the analysis of masonry walls under horizontal out-of-plane loading is simplified block pattern are addressed. Two procedures for creating irregular block systems are presented, one using Voronoi polygons, the other based on a bed and cross joint structure with random deviations. A test problem provides a comparison of various regular and random block patterns, showing their influence on the failure loads. The estimation of manual frequencies of rigid block models, and its application to static pushover analyses, is addressed. An example of application of rigid block model to wall capacity problem is presented.

The overall aim of Sub-Project 10 (Earthquake disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling for urban areas) has been to create a tool, based on state-of-the-art loss modelling software, to provide strong, quantified statements about the benefits of a range of possible mitigation actions, in order to support decision-making by urban authorities for seismic risk mitigation strategies. A further larger aim has been to contribute to a seismic risk mitigation policy for future implementation at European level. Among the European cities for which loss estimation studies have been carried out are Istanbul, Lisbon and Thessaloniki, and tools, using GIS mapping, have been developed by research teams in each of these cities; these were made available for further development to examine mitigation strategies within SP10. Related research studies

Much work in Earthquake Engineering was devoted to the improvement of earthquake resistant design of new structures. One European result is EN 1998, which will be in several years the main seismic code for all European countries. But it is well known, that older existing structures cause in many large earthquakes much more casualties and damages than new structures. It is certainly not possible to retrofit all existing structures, but agreement exists, that assessment and retrofit of safety - critical - structures and lifeline structures must have priority. In September 2004 the European Integrated Research Project LESSLOSS on Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides was started. The project will run for three years and comprises 13 Sub-Projects (SP´s). The consortium consists of 46 partners (see http:\\www.lessloss.org). LESSLOSS SP5 is on In-situ Assessment, Monitoring and Typification of buildings and Infrastructure. The project partners of SP5 are ARS, CESI, LNEC, RWTH and VCE. This Sub Project focuses mainly on the assessment of important existing structures and tries to integrate experimental methods into the assessment procedure. The progress of SP5 obtained in the first year is summarized in this paper. Highlights presented by all partners are mentioned and the assessment of Hospital Innsbruck is presented in more detail. The most innovative task of LESSLOSS/ SP5 is Update of vulnerability estimates via monitoring, which was also started in the first year.

In order to study the behavior of bridge structures in relation to traffic, wind and seismic loads, it is extremely important to know their actual dynamic properties (natural frequencies, vibration mode shapes and damping). The experimentally identified dynamic properties of bridge structures are also an effective way to characterize their actual global structural behavior. Whether included in the reception load tests of recently built bridges, before they are opened to the traffic, or as part of the inspection works of bridges already in service, LNEC has performed modal analysis studies based on the results of ambient vibration tests. Some of the studies carried out recently in important bridges are reported in this paper.

O sismo de Northridge ocorreu na parte norte da área metropolitana de Los Angeles, Califórnia, às 4:31 h do dia 17 de janeiro, uma segunda-feira coincidente com dia de feriado nacional, tendo atingindo uma magnitude de 6.6 na escala de Richter. O número total de vítimas mortais cifra-se em 57, havendo para cima de 8 000 feridos e 20 000 desalojados.As estimativas de perdas totais, feitas em meados de fevereiro de 1994, apontavam para valores de 15 biliões de US dólares, tendo o Estado da Califórnia apresentado um impacto económico total de ordem dos 30 biliões de dólares, perto do valor do Orçamento Geral do estado Português para 1994. Os prejuízos infligidos na indústria e no comércio são também surpreendentemente elevados, exigindo longos períodos de interrupção das atividades económicas.

Within the realm of natural hazards, geohazards are recognised as being particularly complex and often having the potential of triggering disasters. This complexity has led to increased political commitment and interest in engaging multi-stakeholder and citizens in disaster risk management. The AGEO project explored new forms to foster collaboration between civil society and authorities, using the rapidly developing field of citizen science and its innovative tool of citizens

Communicating science within disaster risk reduction using methods that encourage two-way dialogue between scientists and laypersons is a challenging task. This paper aims at presenting a methodological strategy of communicating risk and non-structural seismic protection measures through participatory approach. Such methodological strategy is part of a pilot experience of risk communication in two schools in Lisbon (Portugal) under the EU project KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements). The efficacy of education for seismic safety is often inhibited by an incomplete understanding of the process by which individuals decide to protect themselves from harm (Becker JS, Paton D,Johnston DM, Ronan KR. Nat Hazards 64(1):107

Most of the Lisbon 18th century timber-framed masonry

Good performance of non-structural elements can be decisive in saving lives and costs when an earthquake strikes. The European project KnowRISK aims to educate and encourage households to take the necessary precautionary measures to protect people, houses, and contents. Preparedness and prevention act on community resilience. Within the KnowRISK project, the idea of a Practical Guide has been conceived suggesting seismic mitigation solutions for non-structural components to non-experts stakeholders. It is intended to guide people into the first steps of prevention in a straightforward manner, minimizing or avoiding injuries, damage, and long-term financial consequences. The novelty of the Guide belongs to his philosophy: a path through increasing challenges corresponds to a growing level of safety. The idea is that anyone can mitigate seismic risk in its own environment by adopting simple and low cost measures. The Practical Guide may contribute to increase risk awareness. This kind of initiatives if undertaken at larger scales may also enhance social resilience.

When one of the dimensions of a structural member is not clearly larger than the two orthogonal ones, engineers are usually compelled to simulate it with refined meshes of shell or solid finite elements that typically impose a large computational burden. The alternative use of classical beam theories, either based on Euler-Bernoulli or Timoshenko

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This text reflects the first of the four lectures that the author has presented at Udine, Italy, at CISM

Um dos principais problemas e interesses da engenharia sísmica é a caracterizaçãoda acção sísmica, envolvendo a estimativa da intensidade, conteúdo em frequência,duração e variabilidade espacial dos movimentos intensos do solo mais gravosos, emtermos dos seus efeitos nas estruturas, que pode ocorrer num local.O presente trabalho de investigação desenvolve e aplica a metodologia estocástica etécnicas de modelação de fonte

Os sismos são encarados frequentemente como desastres naturais inevitáveis. Todavia,deveriam ser considerados fenómenos naturais, cujos efeitos adversos podem ser minimizadoscaso se proceda a uma gestão efectiva do risco sísmico.O objectivo principal do presente trabalho de investigação é o de avaliar o risco sísmicoem Portugal Continental.Sendo um tema de natureza multidisciplinar, apresentam-se e discutem-se modelos deavaliação probabilística da perigosidade sísmica e sua desagregação, de vulnerabilidade efragilidade sísmicas de tipologias construtivas, de danos e de perdas económicas e humanas.Aplica-se a análise probabilística da perigosidade sísmica, e sua desagregação, aPortugal Continental, obtendo-se cenários modais capazes de reproduzir os níveis deperigosidade que os condicionam. Apresenta-se o inventário do parque habitacional e seushabitantes, descriminado por factores de vulnerabilidade, e classifica-se a sua vulnerabilidadesegundo os modelos de dano. Procede-se à actualização e aferição de uma metodologia parasimulação de cenários sísmicos, integrada num Sistema de Informação Geográfico. Avalia-seo risco sísmico, seguindo diversas abordagens, comparando-se os resultados com o risco deoutros países.Construiu-se assim uma ferramenta de avaliação de perdas devidas a sismos, queconstitui uma primeira contribuição para o desenvolvimento de um processo de gestão dorisco sísmico aplicado ao Continente Português.

O parque habitacional de Portugal Continental contém algumas tipologias construtivas deelevada vulnerabilidade sísmica em relação às quais urge actuar no sentido de reduzir o riscosísmico a elas associado. No projecto de investigação

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização dinâmica e do comportamento mecânico da estrutura do edifício Sede I da EDP, para uma adequada simulação do seu comportamento sísmico. Neste relatório descrevem-se os ensaios de identificação dinâmica in situ realizados, com base em vibrações ambiente e em vibrações forçadas, com o objetivo de recolher informação sobre as propriedades dinâmicas da estrutura como um todo e das suas lajes dos pisos elevados em particular. Foi efetuado o registo e a análise dos sinais de aceleração devido a vibração ambiente, medidos em diversos pontos do edifício, bem como devido a vibrações forçadas impostas num dos pisos enterrados do edifício. São também apresentados e analisados os ensaios de caracterização do comportamento mecânico de componentes estruturais relacionadas com a ligação das lajes mistas dos pisos elevados às paredes dos núcleos resistentes de betão armado do edifício. Estes consistem em ensaios destrutivos de troços de laje mista ligados aos núcleos, por meio de varões selados à parede, e em ensaios de arrancamento desses varões, tendo como objetivo caracterizar os materiais e componentes dos elementos estruturais. Esta informação é essencial para a posterior calibração dos modelos numéricos da estrutura e para uma realista simulação do seu comportamento sísmico, bem como para uma eventual deteção de anomalias estruturais decorrentes de patologias que possam comprometer o desempenho do edifício face à ocorrência de sismos.

A avaliação da segurança sísmica de edifícios existentes tem como quadro de referência o Eurocódigo 8

Nos estudos probabilísticos para avaliação da perigosidade sísmica, são estabelecidas zonas de geração sísmica (zonas sismogénicas), representando regiões que partilham as mesmas caraterísticas sismológicas, tectónicas e geológicas e definidas as relações entre a frequência com que aí ocorrem os sismos e as respetivas magnitudes, num dado período de tempo. Em 2006, para o Anexo Nacional do Eurocódigo 8, foram consideradas e caraterizadas 11 zonas Sismogénicas para Portugal continental, adaptadas de estudos previamente elaborados em 1996. Entre 2008 e 2009, no âmbito dos projetos ERSTA e SHARE, foram propostas novas zonas sismogénicas, e estimados os respetivos parâmetros da lei de frequência - magnitude. Estas diferentes propostas resultaram em diferentes mapas de perigosidade sísmica para Portugal continental. A SPES, Sociedade Portuguesa de Engenharia Sísmica, espelhando a inquietude existente na comunidade científica face às diversas expressões da perigosidade sísmica em Portugal, e consciente da necessidade de um consenso perante os agentes decisores, considerou urgente a realização de um estudo criterioso acerca das opções tomadas, nos diferentes estudos, e suas implicações. É nestecontexto que surge este trabalho, que pretende fazer uma análise crítica e comparativa dos resultadosobtidos nos diferentes estudos mencionados e as suas implicações ao nível dos períodos de retorno para sismos de maior magnitude. Numa parte II, serão estudadas as implicações em termos de valores da perigosidade sísmica, para vários períodos de retorno e frequências espetrais.

O presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito de um estudo em curso no LNEC sobre a segurança sísmica das construções nas intervenções de reabilitação, sintetiza os instrumentos jurídicos e os conceitos relevantes para a análise do atual regime jurídico da reabilitação urbana (RJRU), e do regime excecional de reabilitação urbana (RERU).

This document reports the outcomes of the research project

This document reports the outcome of the seismic test on the Rusticasa building, the first in a total of four buildings included in the TIMBER BUILDINGS Project. This building is a log house system (LHS). The goal of the tests was to assess the seismic performance of the building, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.

This document reports the outcome of the seismic test on the LegnoCase building, the second in a total of four buildings included in the TIMBER BUILDINGS Project. This building is a platform frame system with sheathing assembled by means of OSB panels (PF-OSB). The goal of the tests was to assess the seismic performance of the building, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.

This document reports the outcome of the seismic test on the RubnerHaus building, the third in a total of four buildings included in the TIMBER BUILDINGS Project. This building is a platform frame system with sheathing assembled by means of gypsum fibre panel (PF-GF). The goal of the tests was to assess the seismic performance of the building, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.

This document reports the outcome of the seismic test on the TUGraz building, the fourth in a total of four buildings included in the TIMBER BUILDINGS Project. This building is a cross laminated system (CTL). The goal of the tests was to assess the seismic performance of the building, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.

The TIMBER BUILDINGS Project, led by the University of Trento, included testing of four full scale multi-story timber houses with a realistic horizontal plan and three types of timber housing systems: platform frame system (PFS), log house system (LHS) and cross laminated timber (CLT). The tests were carried in the LNEC-3D shake table under different levels of excitation and different conditions of the structure.The tests were carried with the goal of assessing the seismic performance of the buildings, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.The results were presented in separate reports, one for each building. This document contains information common to the remaining four reports.

Análise dos registos históricos de eventos climáticos e o seu impacto no setor da energia da AML, para identificar o grau em que este setor foi afetado por estímulos relacionados com o clima. Avaliação de capacidades adaptativas.

Análise da forma das edificações nas ações do vento

As condicionantes arquitetónicas e de urbanização na ventilação natural

Caracterização do vento. Ações sobre estruturas. Ensaios em túnel de vento