Papers

Decisions to mitigate seismic risk require a consistent approach to evaluate the effects of future earthquakes on population, on civil engineering structures and infrastructures.The mathematical and probabilistic methods that are the support to those approaches are generally called Risk Analysis; in the particular case of seismic events andmitigation strategies it will be named Seismic Risk and Mitigation Analysis, SRMA. The paper will address the subject of estimating the seismic risk and evaluate mitigation strategies for the existing building stock of the metropolitan area of Lisbon by describing the methods and showing preliminary results obtained with LNECloss numerical tool. Even though such a sophisticated tool needs validation on some parameters to become more reliable, it is shown that it is possible to compare results of different mitigation strategies.

Ecological models can be useful tools for understanding the dynamics of the estuarine and coastal ecosystems. However, the application of these models in real systems requires the specification of many empirical input parameters, which are in general difficult to quantify for a specific site. This study presents a sensitivity analysis on the input parameters of the model ECO-SELFE applied to the Ria de Aveiro. ECO-SELFE is a threedimensional, unstructured grid, fully-coupled hydrodynamic-ecological model. The sensitivity analysis is based on a previous analysis using the zero-dimensional ecological model, where one parameter was varied with the others being held constant. Results show that phytoplankton growth rate and zooplankton excretion and mortality rates are the parameters that influence the results the most. The degree of influence of these parameters depends on the local concentrations of zooplankton and phytoplankton. These two ecological variables are also most affected by the variations in the input parameters.

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This paper describes the shaking table tests, and their main results, of an asymmetric limestone masonry building, under different reinforcement conditions. The work was performed in the aim of the project

No âmbito de um projecto denominado

Nesta comunicação são aplicados dois modelos numéricos baseados em equações do tipo Boussinesq, BOUSSiiw (Pinheiro [1]) e COULWAVE (Lynett e Liu [2]), na simulação da propagação de ondas regulares sobre um baixio esférico localizado no fundo de profundidade constante (Chawla [3]). A propagação de ondas ao longo desta topografia envolve diversos fenómenos físicos como, por exemplo, a refracção, a difracção, o empolamento, a dispersão não-linear. Por isso, constitui um óptimo teste para a validação e comparação dos modelos aqui apresentados. Recorrendo a parâmetros estatísticos, é efectuada primeiramente uma análise de sensibilidade dos resultados numéricos em relação à discretização espacial do domínio de cálculo e determinam-se os tempos de processamento correspondentes. Para o modelo COULWAVE, avalia-se também a influência do número de camadas verticais e do número de Courant. Finalmente, a análise das alturas significativas e dos espectros dos resultados numéricos e experimentais permite inferir sobre as potencialidades e limitações de cada modelo.

Morphodynamic modeling systems are being subjected to a growing development over the last decade and increasingly appear as valuable tools for understanding and predicting coastal dynamics and morphological changes. The recent improvements of a 2DH unstructured grid morphodynamic modeling system are presented in this paper and include the implementation of an adaptive morphodynamic time step, the integration and full coupling of a wave model and the forcing by large scale wave and tide models. This modeling system was first applied to a dissipative wave-dominated beach located on the French coast, where the availability of field data allowed for a fine calibration and validation of wave-induced flows and longshore transport, and an assessment of the various sediment transport formulae. The modeling system was then applied to a very dynamic Portuguese tidal inlet where numerical tests show the computational efficiency of using an adaptive time step. Morphodynamic simulations of this inlet with real wave and tidal forcings resulted in realistic morphological predictions. The two applications show that the improved modeling system is able to predict hydrodynamics, transport and morphological evolutions in complex coastal environments.

The Hong Kong climate is sub-tropical with a hot and humid weather from May to September and temperate climate for the rfemaining 7 month period. A mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning (MVAC) system is ususally operated to avoid the high temperatures resulting in high peak cooling loads. The facade design has a significant influence on the energy performance of office buildings. This work evaluates different ventilated facade designs in respect to energy savings.Thermal building simulations(TRNSYS)were linked to nodal airflow network simulations (COMIS)for detailed ventilated double-skin facade performance. In prder to validate the model, simulations were carried out for an office building in Lisboa; the results were compared with measured data from the same building. The simulation results of surface and air temperatures show good agreement with the measurements. The results of the study can be used to reduce surface emperatures by using different materials for the roller blind that is positioned in the cavity od the double-skin facade. The results can further be used to reduce the high peak cooling loads during the summer period. This may result in significat energy savings and a reduction in the system's cooling capacity. It prooved that a careful facade design can play an important role in highly glazed buildings and provides potential for energy efficiency.