Publications

A ventilação natural é uma eficiente estratégia projetual para ocondicionamento térmico passivo de edificações, ocorrendo por açãodos ventos, efeito chaminé ou pela combinação de ambos. Dentre asestratégias de ventilação, destacam-se os sheds, aberturas no telhado,que funcionam como captadores ou extratores de ar, dependendo de sualocalização em relação aos ventos dominantes. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar ainfluência da variação na geometria dos sheds e na dimensão das aberturas deentrada e saída de ar no desempenho da ventilação natural. O sistema foi avaliadopara os ângulos de incidência dos ventos externos de 0° e 45° (extração) e 135° e180° (captação). A metodologia adotada foi a simulação por Dinâmica dos FluídosComputacional (CFD), utilizando como ferramenta o software CFX. Foramrealizadas análises quantitativas (taxas de renovação de ar/hora e coeficiente depressão nas aberturas) e qualitativas (planos de contorno e vetores de direção eintensidade do fluxo de ar). Os resultados indicam que sheds com geometriasaerodinâmicas e o aumento das aberturas de saída de ar incrementam o fluxo de arinterno. Para os sheds captadores o aumento isolado das aberturas de entrada de arnão proporciona uma melhora significativa na captação dos ventos pela cobertura.

The analysis of the shaking table test of a 3-wall stone masonry structure performed with a discrete element model is presented. The numerical model, created with the code 3DEC, employed a rigid block representation and a Mohr-Coulomb joint model. Joint stiffness calibration to match the experimental natural frequencies is discussed, as well as the boundary conditions to simulate the shake table. Comparisons are made with the measured displacements at key locations, and the modes of deformation and fracture of the walls. The DEM model was able to reproduce important features of the shaking table tests. The experimental deformation and near collapse patterns were clearly identifiable in the numerical simulations, which produced displacements within the observed orders of magnitude, for the various levels of excitation.

Strong ground motion prediction based on finite-fault simulation requires the identification of the fault (strike, dip, length and width), source kinematics parameters (stress drop, rupture velocity and slip distribution), regional crustal properties (geometrical spreading, anelastic structure, and upper crustal amplification and attenuation parameters) and the determination of amplification effects due to the local site geology. The general purpose of this study is to understand source and attenuation properties in the Azores, by the determination of stress drop, quality factor and kappa, through records obtained by the Portuguese digital seismic and accelerometer network. Source Spectra were obtained, for each record, after correcting observed spectra from geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation effect: quality factor was estimated based on coda decay in the time domain and the kappa parameter was estimated by fitting the high-frequency decay of the acceleration spectrum with a straight line in a log-linear scale. Mean stress drop value was obtained considering that

The assessment of wind energy resource for the development of deep offshore wind plants requires the use of every possible source of data and, in many cases, includes data gathered at meteorological stations installed at islands, islets or even oil platforms - all structures that interfere with, and change, the flow characteristics. This work aims to contribute to the evaluation of such changes in the flow by developing a correction methodology and applying it to the case of Berlenga island, Portugal. The study is performed using computational fluid dynamic simulations validated by wind tunnel tests. In order to simulate the incoming offshore flow with CFD models a wind profile, unknown a priori, was established using observations from two coastal wind stations and a power law wind profile was fitted to the existing data (alfa=0.165). The results show that the resulting horizontal wind speed at 80 m above sea level is 16% lower than the wind speed at 80 m above the island for the dominant wind direction sector.

An innovative higher-order beam theory, capable of accurately taking into account flexural

The specific features of the proposed force-based formulation derived in the companion paper, which is applied for the first time to higher-order beam theories, are herein thoroughly validated. Introductory numerical examples illustrate the influence of mesh refinement, boundary conditions, and slenderness ratios for isotropic linear elastic response. Specific higher-order effects

An accurate assessment of the airflow in naturally ventilated double skin facades (DSF) is crucial for a correct design and performance evaluation. Measuring and predicting DSF airflow is not a straightforward task, given the stochastic nature of the wind, which can assist or oppose the buoyancy force. The present paper resumes the results of airflow measurements inside a naturally ventilated double skin facade using a tracer gas technique. The tests were performed on an outdoor air curtain (OAC) DSF test cell with a movable slat venetian blind. Measurements with no active shading and at night were also performed. Outdoor and test cell air gap temperatures were continuously measured and wind pressure coefficients were determined from wind tunnel tests. Experimental results were then compared to those obtained by a simple model taking into account both thermal and wind effects on the facade. From this comparison discharge coefficients were estimated, which can be used for characterizing the DSF behaviour.

The existing building stock in Azores islands (Portugal) was severely damaged during 1980and 1998 earthquakes. Structural failure was probably caused by a combination of factorsthat are not yet well understood. Earthquake source characteristics, site effects and structuralvulnerability may be some of those factors. However, it is very difficult to assess theinfluence of each factor on structural failure, mainly because recorded accelerograms usedin nonlinear structural analysis are influenced by both source characteristics and site conditions.The only way to overcome this problem is to control each factor individually whichcan be done by using simulated accelerograms. In our previous work, stochastic groundmotion simulations results were compared with earthquake records. Results seem to indicatethat simulated accelerograms can match recorded accelerograms if proper sourcecharacteristics and geological site conditions are selected. In this work, simulated accelerogramswere used for seismic nonlinear structural analysis. Simulations were carried outconsidering several 1980 Azores earthquake possible sources and for different geologicalsite conditions. Simulated accelerograms were then used to evaluate the structural nonlinearbehaviour of a reinforced concrete structure and of two masonry structures. The resultsof this work highlight the importance of site conditions and earthquake source characteristicsto the determination of the design seismic actions of Azores islands. This work wasperformed in the scope of

O Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil tem uma longa experiência na área da Engenharia Sísmica, sendo uma das instituições de referência, a nível europeu, em todos os campos desta área das Ciências da Engenharia. A investigação europeia em Engenharia Sísmica teve início no final da década de 50, tendo sido o LNEC, na pessoa do Engenheiro Júlio Ferry Borges, o seu principal impulsionador. Desde então, assistiu-se ao estudo dos diferentes aspetos da fenomenologia ligada à caraterização da ação sísmica e ao comportamento das estruturas sujeitas à ação dos sismos, como ilustrado pelas cerca de 50 teses de mestrado e doutoramento nos diferentes domínios da Engenharia Sísmica, desenvolvidas no Núcleo de Engenharia Sísmica e Dinâmica de Estruturas (NESDE), nas duas ultimas décadas, e por mais de uma centena de investigadores visitantes, nacionais e estrangeiros. No âmbito da avaliação do risco sísmico, o LNEC tem tido um papel fundamental a nível nacional, assumindo a liderança da investigação científica nas matérias relacionadas com a perigosidade sísmica, a caraterização da ação sísmica, a avaliação do risco, e o desenvolvimento de estratégias para redução da vulnerabilidade sísmica...

This paper aims to assess and improve the seismic performance of an existing masonry building withflexible floors, representative of a Portuguese building typology

Nesta comunicação, de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida noutro trabalho apresentado, estuda-se o problema do comportamento sísmico de edifícios assimétricos em planta recorrendo á explicitação de métodos de dimensionamento a partir de coeficientes de ductilidade locais, e de um critério de avaliação de desempenho da estrutura, baseado no conceito de probabilidade de colapso.Procedeu-se a uma exploração paramétrica de que resultam 504 estruturas assimétricas em planta. Procurou-se saber, para os cenários sismo próximo e afastado em Lisboa, quais as distribuições ótimas de resistência em termos da minimização da probabilidade de ruína.

Apresenta-se nesta comunicação um modelo analítico desenvolvido para estudar o comportamento dinâmico histerético, de estruturas reticuladas de betão armado preenchidas com paredes de alvenaria sob a ação de cargas horizontais repetidas e alternadas. A calibração dos parâmetros que definem o modelo analítico, foi efetuada de acordo com os resultados obtidos em ensaios laboratoriais, realizados no LNEC.A boa simulação analítica dos resultados experimentais obtida através do modelo desde que se adotem certos valores para os seus parâmetros definidores, permite concluir que o modelo analítico apresentado pode ser usado num âmbito mais generalizado da engenharia sísmica que é o da avaliação de segurança de edifícios sujeitos á ação de sismos intensos.

In this paper is presented an analytical model for the idealization of the hysteretic behaviour, under cyclic loadings, of reinforced concrete frames infilled with masonry panels. The calibration of the parameters which define the analytical model, was performed on the basics of the experimental results of three masonry infilled concrete frames models and one bare frame model tested at the LNEC.A fairly good fitting between analytical and experimental results were obtained for the selected values of the analytical model parameters. In consequence, this analytical model can be used in the more broader framework of Earthquake Engineering and structural reliability of buildings under large intensity earthquake.

Na presente comunicação referem-se os critérios para a idealização do comportamento sísmico de estruturas de edifícios assimétricos em planta através de osciladores não linear com três graus de liberdade.Estes critérios constituem a base de um modelo analítico desenvolvido com o objeto de se proceder à verificação da segurança, em relação à ação dos sismos, daquela classe de estruturas.

A group of five Portuguese experts on earthquake engineering visited the Los Angeles region after the 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake. The observations mad during the field trip are briefly reports. Discussion is made on the behaviour of different types of structures, namely, masonry, wooden, reinforced concrete and steel structures, as well as special structural typologies such as precast parking lots, tilt-ups and bridges. The presentation is illustrated by means of a few cases, for which the causes of malfunctioning were anticipated.Mention is also made to the behaviour of lifelines, such as electricity, gas and water supply, sewage systems and telephones. The damage assessment is viewed under the light of the ground motion severity.A description of the organizational aspects and procedures adopted for the inspection, immediate reinforcement, recovery and reconstruction of the main buildings, bridges and other utilities are also referred.

Esta comunicação apresenta a conceção, o projeto, a instalação e o planeamento da utilização durante os dois primeiros anos do simulador sísmico triaxial que brevemente começará a funcionar no LNEC. Este simulador destina-se ao ensaio dinâmico até á rotura de grandes modelos de edifícios e ponte (até 60t). Este simulador realiza uma conceção inovadora, que se traduz essencialmente pela eliminação dos 3 graus de liberdade de rotação através de 3 sistemas mecânicos constituídos por uma barra de torção, duas manivelas e duas bielas.

The paper presents the results that permit the identification of optimal design methods for building structures in terms of a eccentricity and are calibrated for probability of failure, evaluated for critical scenarios of expected earthquake intensities.

Some fundamental aspects concerning the overall conception and mechanical design of the new LNEC seismic shaking table, which will have three translational degrees of freedom, are presented. Considerations are made regarding its adaptive control, pointing out the interactions between the behaviour of the mechanical and control systems as far the overall performance of the seismic shaking table is concerned. Lastly, some considerations are also presented on the special building that houses the shaking table.

In this paper we an analytical model to study the hysteretic behavior, under cyclic loading, of RC frames infilled with masonry panels.The calibration of the parameters which define the analytical model, was performed according to the experimental results obtained with three infilled RC frames models and one bare frames model tested at the LNEC.With a good selection of parametric values, the fairly good fitting between analytical an experimental results, allows to conclude that this model can be used in the more broader framework of Earthquake Engineering and structural reliability of buildings under large intensity earthquakes.

A stochastic model of earthquake ground motion, with non-stationary amplitude and frequency content, is presented. This model is quantified on the basis of the information available from seismic hazard studies and strong ground motion seismology with the purpose of generating artificial accelerograms to be used in nonlinear analysis and design of structures. The stochastic model is defined by a

This book presents a selection of the best papers from the HEaRT 2015 conference, held in Lisbon, Portugal, which provided a valuable forum for engineers and architects, researchers and educators to exchange views and findings concerning the technological history, construction features and seismic behavior of historical timber-framed walls in the Mediterranean countries. The topics covered are wide ranging and include historical aspects and examples of the use of timber-framed construction systems in response to earthquakes, such as the gaiola system in Portugal and the Bourbon system in southern Italy; interpretation of the response of timber-framed walls to seismic actions based on calculations and experimental tests; assessment of the effectiveness of repair and strengthening techniques, e.g., using aramid fiber wires or sheets; and modelling analyses. In addition, on the basis of case studies, a methodology is presented that is applicable to diagnosis, strengthening and improvement of seismic performance and is compatible with modern theoretical principles and conservation criteria. It is hoped that, by contributing to the knowledge of this construction technique, the book will help to promote conservation of this important component of Europe

The applications of discrete elements models based on rigid block formulations to the analysis of masonry walls under horizontal out-of-plane loading is simplified block pattern are addressed. Two procedures for creating irregular block systems are presented, one using Voronoi polygons, the other based on a bed and cross joint structure with random deviations. A test problem provides a comparison of various regular and random block patterns, showing their influence on the failure loads. The estimation of manual frequencies of rigid block models, and its application to static pushover analyses, is addressed. An example of application of rigid block model to wall capacity problem is presented.

The overall aim of Sub-Project 10 (Earthquake disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling for urban areas) has been to create a tool, based on state-of-the-art loss modelling software, to provide strong, quantified statements about the benefits of a range of possible mitigation actions, in order to support decision-making by urban authorities for seismic risk mitigation strategies. A further larger aim has been to contribute to a seismic risk mitigation policy for future implementation at European level. Among the European cities for which loss estimation studies have been carried out are Istanbul, Lisbon and Thessaloniki, and tools, using GIS mapping, have been developed by research teams in each of these cities; these were made available for further development to examine mitigation strategies within SP10. Related research studies

Much work in Earthquake Engineering was devoted to the improvement of earthquake resistant design of new structures. One European result is EN 1998, which will be in several years the main seismic code for all European countries. But it is well known, that older existing structures cause in many large earthquakes much more casualties and damages than new structures. It is certainly not possible to retrofit all existing structures, but agreement exists, that assessment and retrofit of safety - critical - structures and lifeline structures must have priority. In September 2004 the European Integrated Research Project LESSLOSS on Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides was started. The project will run for three years and comprises 13 Sub-Projects (SP´s). The consortium consists of 46 partners (see http:\\www.lessloss.org). LESSLOSS SP5 is on In-situ Assessment, Monitoring and Typification of buildings and Infrastructure. The project partners of SP5 are ARS, CESI, LNEC, RWTH and VCE. This Sub Project focuses mainly on the assessment of important existing structures and tries to integrate experimental methods into the assessment procedure. The progress of SP5 obtained in the first year is summarized in this paper. Highlights presented by all partners are mentioned and the assessment of Hospital Innsbruck is presented in more detail. The most innovative task of LESSLOSS/ SP5 is Update of vulnerability estimates via monitoring, which was also started in the first year.

In order to study the behavior of bridge structures in relation to traffic, wind and seismic loads, it is extremely important to know their actual dynamic properties (natural frequencies, vibration mode shapes and damping). The experimentally identified dynamic properties of bridge structures are also an effective way to characterize their actual global structural behavior. Whether included in the reception load tests of recently built bridges, before they are opened to the traffic, or as part of the inspection works of bridges already in service, LNEC has performed modal analysis studies based on the results of ambient vibration tests. Some of the studies carried out recently in important bridges are reported in this paper.

O sismo de Northridge ocorreu na parte norte da área metropolitana de Los Angeles, Califórnia, às 4:31 h do dia 17 de janeiro, uma segunda-feira coincidente com dia de feriado nacional, tendo atingindo uma magnitude de 6.6 na escala de Richter. O número total de vítimas mortais cifra-se em 57, havendo para cima de 8 000 feridos e 20 000 desalojados.As estimativas de perdas totais, feitas em meados de fevereiro de 1994, apontavam para valores de 15 biliões de US dólares, tendo o Estado da Califórnia apresentado um impacto económico total de ordem dos 30 biliões de dólares, perto do valor do Orçamento Geral do estado Português para 1994. Os prejuízos infligidos na indústria e no comércio são também surpreendentemente elevados, exigindo longos períodos de interrupção das atividades económicas.

Within the realm of natural hazards, geohazards are recognised as being particularly complex and often having the potential of triggering disasters. This complexity has led to increased political commitment and interest in engaging multi-stakeholder and citizens in disaster risk management. The AGEO project explored new forms to foster collaboration between civil society and authorities, using the rapidly developing field of citizen science and its innovative tool of citizens

Communicating science within disaster risk reduction using methods that encourage two-way dialogue between scientists and laypersons is a challenging task. This paper aims at presenting a methodological strategy of communicating risk and non-structural seismic protection measures through participatory approach. Such methodological strategy is part of a pilot experience of risk communication in two schools in Lisbon (Portugal) under the EU project KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements). The efficacy of education for seismic safety is often inhibited by an incomplete understanding of the process by which individuals decide to protect themselves from harm (Becker JS, Paton D,Johnston DM, Ronan KR. Nat Hazards 64(1):107

Most of the Lisbon 18th century timber-framed masonry

Good performance of non-structural elements can be decisive in saving lives and costs when an earthquake strikes. The European project KnowRISK aims to educate and encourage households to take the necessary precautionary measures to protect people, houses, and contents. Preparedness and prevention act on community resilience. Within the KnowRISK project, the idea of a Practical Guide has been conceived suggesting seismic mitigation solutions for non-structural components to non-experts stakeholders. It is intended to guide people into the first steps of prevention in a straightforward manner, minimizing or avoiding injuries, damage, and long-term financial consequences. The novelty of the Guide belongs to his philosophy: a path through increasing challenges corresponds to a growing level of safety. The idea is that anyone can mitigate seismic risk in its own environment by adopting simple and low cost measures. The Practical Guide may contribute to increase risk awareness. This kind of initiatives if undertaken at larger scales may also enhance social resilience.

When one of the dimensions of a structural member is not clearly larger than the two orthogonal ones, engineers are usually compelled to simulate it with refined meshes of shell or solid finite elements that typically impose a large computational burden. The alternative use of classical beam theories, either based on Euler-Bernoulli or Timoshenko

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This text reflects the first of the four lectures that the author has presented at Udine, Italy, at CISM

Um dos principais problemas e interesses da engenharia sísmica é a caracterizaçãoda acção sísmica, envolvendo a estimativa da intensidade, conteúdo em frequência,duração e variabilidade espacial dos movimentos intensos do solo mais gravosos, emtermos dos seus efeitos nas estruturas, que pode ocorrer num local.O presente trabalho de investigação desenvolve e aplica a metodologia estocástica etécnicas de modelação de fonte

Os sismos são encarados frequentemente como desastres naturais inevitáveis. Todavia,deveriam ser considerados fenómenos naturais, cujos efeitos adversos podem ser minimizadoscaso se proceda a uma gestão efectiva do risco sísmico.O objectivo principal do presente trabalho de investigação é o de avaliar o risco sísmicoem Portugal Continental.Sendo um tema de natureza multidisciplinar, apresentam-se e discutem-se modelos deavaliação probabilística da perigosidade sísmica e sua desagregação, de vulnerabilidade efragilidade sísmicas de tipologias construtivas, de danos e de perdas económicas e humanas.Aplica-se a análise probabilística da perigosidade sísmica, e sua desagregação, aPortugal Continental, obtendo-se cenários modais capazes de reproduzir os níveis deperigosidade que os condicionam. Apresenta-se o inventário do parque habitacional e seushabitantes, descriminado por factores de vulnerabilidade, e classifica-se a sua vulnerabilidadesegundo os modelos de dano. Procede-se à actualização e aferição de uma metodologia parasimulação de cenários sísmicos, integrada num Sistema de Informação Geográfico. Avalia-seo risco sísmico, seguindo diversas abordagens, comparando-se os resultados com o risco deoutros países.Construiu-se assim uma ferramenta de avaliação de perdas devidas a sismos, queconstitui uma primeira contribuição para o desenvolvimento de um processo de gestão dorisco sísmico aplicado ao Continente Português.

O parque habitacional de Portugal Continental contém algumas tipologias construtivas deelevada vulnerabilidade sísmica em relação às quais urge actuar no sentido de reduzir o riscosísmico a elas associado. No projecto de investigação

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização dinâmica e do comportamento mecânico da estrutura do edifício Sede I da EDP, para uma adequada simulação do seu comportamento sísmico. Neste relatório descrevem-se os ensaios de identificação dinâmica in situ realizados, com base em vibrações ambiente e em vibrações forçadas, com o objetivo de recolher informação sobre as propriedades dinâmicas da estrutura como um todo e das suas lajes dos pisos elevados em particular. Foi efetuado o registo e a análise dos sinais de aceleração devido a vibração ambiente, medidos em diversos pontos do edifício, bem como devido a vibrações forçadas impostas num dos pisos enterrados do edifício. São também apresentados e analisados os ensaios de caracterização do comportamento mecânico de componentes estruturais relacionadas com a ligação das lajes mistas dos pisos elevados às paredes dos núcleos resistentes de betão armado do edifício. Estes consistem em ensaios destrutivos de troços de laje mista ligados aos núcleos, por meio de varões selados à parede, e em ensaios de arrancamento desses varões, tendo como objetivo caracterizar os materiais e componentes dos elementos estruturais. Esta informação é essencial para a posterior calibração dos modelos numéricos da estrutura e para uma realista simulação do seu comportamento sísmico, bem como para uma eventual deteção de anomalias estruturais decorrentes de patologias que possam comprometer o desempenho do edifício face à ocorrência de sismos.

A avaliação da segurança sísmica de edifícios existentes tem como quadro de referência o Eurocódigo 8

Nos estudos probabilísticos para avaliação da perigosidade sísmica, são estabelecidas zonas de geração sísmica (zonas sismogénicas), representando regiões que partilham as mesmas caraterísticas sismológicas, tectónicas e geológicas e definidas as relações entre a frequência com que aí ocorrem os sismos e as respetivas magnitudes, num dado período de tempo. Em 2006, para o Anexo Nacional do Eurocódigo 8, foram consideradas e caraterizadas 11 zonas Sismogénicas para Portugal continental, adaptadas de estudos previamente elaborados em 1996. Entre 2008 e 2009, no âmbito dos projetos ERSTA e SHARE, foram propostas novas zonas sismogénicas, e estimados os respetivos parâmetros da lei de frequência - magnitude. Estas diferentes propostas resultaram em diferentes mapas de perigosidade sísmica para Portugal continental. A SPES, Sociedade Portuguesa de Engenharia Sísmica, espelhando a inquietude existente na comunidade científica face às diversas expressões da perigosidade sísmica em Portugal, e consciente da necessidade de um consenso perante os agentes decisores, considerou urgente a realização de um estudo criterioso acerca das opções tomadas, nos diferentes estudos, e suas implicações. É nestecontexto que surge este trabalho, que pretende fazer uma análise crítica e comparativa dos resultadosobtidos nos diferentes estudos mencionados e as suas implicações ao nível dos períodos de retorno para sismos de maior magnitude. Numa parte II, serão estudadas as implicações em termos de valores da perigosidade sísmica, para vários períodos de retorno e frequências espetrais.

O presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito de um estudo em curso no LNEC sobre a segurança sísmica das construções nas intervenções de reabilitação, sintetiza os instrumentos jurídicos e os conceitos relevantes para a análise do atual regime jurídico da reabilitação urbana (RJRU), e do regime excecional de reabilitação urbana (RERU).

This document reports the outcomes of the research project

This document reports the outcome of the seismic test on the Rusticasa building, the first in a total of four buildings included in the TIMBER BUILDINGS Project. This building is a log house system (LHS). The goal of the tests was to assess the seismic performance of the building, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.

This document reports the outcome of the seismic test on the LegnoCase building, the second in a total of four buildings included in the TIMBER BUILDINGS Project. This building is a platform frame system with sheathing assembled by means of OSB panels (PF-OSB). The goal of the tests was to assess the seismic performance of the building, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.

This document reports the outcome of the seismic test on the RubnerHaus building, the third in a total of four buildings included in the TIMBER BUILDINGS Project. This building is a platform frame system with sheathing assembled by means of gypsum fibre panel (PF-GF). The goal of the tests was to assess the seismic performance of the building, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.

This document reports the outcome of the seismic test on the TUGraz building, the fourth in a total of four buildings included in the TIMBER BUILDINGS Project. This building is a cross laminated system (CTL). The goal of the tests was to assess the seismic performance of the building, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.

The TIMBER BUILDINGS Project, led by the University of Trento, included testing of four full scale multi-story timber houses with a realistic horizontal plan and three types of timber housing systems: platform frame system (PFS), log house system (LHS) and cross laminated timber (CLT). The tests were carried in the LNEC-3D shake table under different levels of excitation and different conditions of the structure.The tests were carried with the goal of assessing the seismic performance of the buildings, panel elements and steel connectors, defined in terms of relative displacements and hold-down forces.The results were presented in separate reports, one for each building. This document contains information common to the remaining four reports.

Análise dos registos históricos de eventos climáticos e o seu impacto no setor da energia da AML, para identificar o grau em que este setor foi afetado por estímulos relacionados com o clima. Avaliação de capacidades adaptativas.

Análise da forma das edificações nas ações do vento

As condicionantes arquitetónicas e de urbanização na ventilação natural

Caracterização do vento. Ações sobre estruturas. Ensaios em túnel de vento