Papers
Info
Comment on Sousa, M. L. and Costa , A. C.," Ground motion scenarios consistent with probabilistic seismic hazard disaggregation analysis. Application to Mainland Portugal"
Disaggregation of the seismic hazard has become a popular technique to convey information on the main sources contributing to the hazard at a particular site. Recently published work adopts geographic disaggregation analysis of seismic hazard as a tool to identify dominant rupture scenarios for municipalities in Mainland Portugal. The authors conclude that the seismic hazard in South and Central Portugal is dominated by the seismicity that takes place offshore, around 70km WSW of Cape S. Vicente, both for the return periods of 475 years and 975 years. Whilst recognizing the merits of the approach taken and the utility of the tools developed, we take issue with this last conclusion.We consider that the proposed disaggregation returns a picture of the biases in the hazard analysis, more than any real feature of the distribution of relevant seismogenic sources.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
1289-1295pp.
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Luísa Sousa, M.; Fonseca, J.; Vilanova, S.P.
: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Volume 9, Issue 4.
Keywords: Portugal; Seismic recurrence; Seismic hazard; Ground motion prediction equations; Disaggregation
Info
Apreciação do risco sísmico em Lisboa
Ao longo da sua história, a cidade de Lisboa tem sofrido os efeitos devastadores de diversos sismos que foram responsáveis por danos e perdas relevantes no seu parque edificado e seus habitantes. Os objectivos do presente artigo englobam a identificação, a análise e a avaliação do risco sísmico deste concelho, cumprindo-se, desta forma, algumas das etapas do processo de gestão do risco. Efectuou-se a análise de risco para uma perigosidade sísmica regida por mais do que um cenário probabilístico de ocorrência de sismos. Para o efeito, caracterizou-se a perigosidade sísmica das 53 freguesias de Lisboa, considerando dois cenários de ocorrência construídos sobre os mesmos pressupostos em que se fundamentou a acção sísmica que serviu de base ao Anexo Nacional do Eurocódigo 8. Avaliou-se ainda a exposição do parque habitacional e habitantes deste concelho, classificou-se e caracterizou-se a vulnerabilidade sísmica dos elementos expostos, traçaram-se as curvas de risco sísmico para a cidade de Lisboa e estimaram-se os valores esperados anuais das perdas económicas e sociais nas freguesias desta cidade. Da análise efectuada ressalta que as perdas totais são condicionadas essencialmente pelo cenário de acção sísmica próximo, que as freguesias mais antigas são aquelas em que o risco relativo esperado anual é mais elevado e que as freguesias responsáveis pelos maiores valores de risco absoluto são as que apresentam a vulnerabilidade sísmica mais elevada e os maiores valores de exposição.A apreciação do risco sísmico efectuada para Lisboa permite concluir que o risco de morte anual devido a sismos a que os habitantes desta cidade estão expostos se situa na zona ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable).
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
25-41pp.
Author(s): Luísa Sousa, M.; Campos Costa, A.; Caldeira, L.
: RPEE
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
Série II, nº 8.
Keywords: Risco sísmico; Perigosidade sísmica; Perdas sociais; Perdas económicas; Lisboa; Distribuições probabilísticas
Info
Evaluation of seismic risk and mitigation strategies for the existing building stock: application of LNECloss to the metropolitan area of Lisbon
Decisions to mitigate seismic risk require a consistent approach to evaluate the effects of future earthquakes on population, on civil engineering structures and infrastructures. The mathematical and probabilistic methods that are the support to those approaches are generally called Risk Analysis; in the particular case of seismic events and mitigation strategies it will be named Seismic Risk and Mitigation Analysis, SRMA. The paper will address the subject of estimating the seismic risk and evaluate mitigation strategies for the existing building stock of the metropolitan area of Lisbon by describing the methods and showing preliminary results obtained with LNECloss numerical tool. Even though such a sophisticated tool needs validation on some parameters to become more reliable, it is shown that it is possible to compare results of different mitigation strategies.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
119
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Luísa Sousa, M.; Carvalho, A. M.; Coelho, E.
: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Vol. 8, Issue 1.
Keywords: Metropolitan area of Lisbon; LNECloss; Mitigation strategies; Risk analysis
Info
Monitoring historica lmasonry structures with operational modal analysis: Two case studies
The paper addresses two complex case studies of modal and structural identification of monuments in Portugal: the Clock Tower of Mogadouro and the Church of Jero´nimos Monastery, in Lisbon. These are being monitored by University of Minho with vibration, temperature and relative air humidity sensors. Operational modal analysis is being used to estimate the modal parameters, followed by statistical analysis to evaluate the environmental effects on the dynamic response. The aim is to explore damage assessment in masonry structures at an early stage by vibration signatures, as a part of a health monitoring process that helps in the preservation of historical constructions. The paper presents the necessary preliminary dynamic analysis steps before the monitoring task, which includes installation of the monitoring system, system identification and subsequent FE model updating analysis, automatic modal identification and investigation of the influence of the environment on the identified modal parameters.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
1291-1305pp.
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Lourenço, P.; Ramos, L.F.; Marques, L.; De Roeck, G.; Roque, J.
: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Vol. 24, Issue 5.
Keywords: Masonry structures; Modal analysis; Experimental testing; Damage identification
Info
Ground motion scenarios consistent with probabilistic seismic hazard disaggregation analysis. Application to Mainland Portugal
Probabilistic seismic hazard for Mainland Portugal was re-evaluated in order to perform its disaggregation. Seismic hazard was disaggregated considering different spaces ofrandom variables, namely, univariate conditional hazard distributions of M (magnitude), R (source-to-site distance) and
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
127
Author(s): Sousa, M. L.; Campos Costa, A.
Editor: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (BEE)
Keywords: Seismic scenarios; Modal values; Mainland portugal; Seismic hazard; Hazard disaggregation
Info
Ground motion scenarios consistent with probabilistic seismic hazard disaggregation analysis. Application to Mainland Portugal
Probabilistic seismic hazard for Mainland Portugal was re-evaluated in order to perform its disaggregation. Seismic hazardwas disaggregated considering different spaces of random variables, namely, univariate conditional hazard distributions of M (magnitude), R (source-to-site distance) and
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
127-147pp.
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Luísa Sousa, M.
: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Vol. 7, Issue 1.
Keywords: Seismic scenarios; Modal values; Mainland Portugal; Seismic hazard; Hazard disaggregation
Info
Hierarquização das regiões de Portugal Continental em função do seu risco sísmico
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
10-15pp.
Author(s): Sousa, M. L.
Editor: Construção Magazine
Volume:
29.
Info
Seismic risk and mitigation analysis: application of a loss modelling tool to the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon.
Decisions to mitigate seismic risk require a consistent approach to evaluate the effects of future earthquakes on population, on civil engineering structures and infrastructures.The mathematical and probabilistic methods that are the support to those approaches are generally called Risk Analysis; in the particular case of seismic events andmitigation strategies it will be named Seismic Risk and Mitigation Analysis, SRMA. The paper will address the subject of estimating the seismic risk and evaluate mitigation strategies for the existing building stock of the metropolitan area of Lisbon by describing the methods and showing preliminary results obtained with LNECloss numerical tool. Even though such a sophisticated tool needs validation on some parameters to become more reliable, it is shown that it is possible to compare results of different mitigation strategies.
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
119-134.
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Sousa, M. L.; Carvalho, A. M.; Coelho, E.
Editor: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (BEE)
Keywords: Metropolitan area of lisbon; Lnecloss; Mitigation strategies; Risk analysis
Info
Shaking table tests of two different reinforcement techniques using polymeric grids on an asymmetric limestone full-scaled structure
This paper describes the shaking table tests, and their main results, of an asymmetric limestone masonry building, under different reinforcement conditions. The work was performed in the aim of the project
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
1321-1330pp.
Author(s): Bairrão, R.
Editor: Engineering Structures Journal, Elsevier
Volume:
vol 31.
Keywords: Reinforcement; Shaking table; Polymeric grids; Limestone masonry; Full scale tests; Earthquake inputs
Info
Simulação de Cenários Sísmicos no Algarve
No âmbito de um projecto denominado
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
9.
Author(s): Sousa, M. L.; Carvalho, A. M.; Bilé Serra, J.; Martins, A.
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Comunicação
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Ensaio aerodinâmico de uma ponte pedonal suspensa
O trabalho apresentado refere-se à avaliação do comportamento aerodinâmico da ponte pedonal suspensa 516 Arouca. Para tal realizaram-se ensaios em túnel de vento sobre um modelo reduzido de modo a obter os seus coeficientes aerodinâmicos estáticos e a resposta dinâmica.Os ensaios estáticos contemplaram diferentes configurações: i) tabuleiro; ii) tabuleiro e catenárias; iii) tabuleiro com pessoas, e; iv) tabuleiro e pórticos de suporte aos cabos de estabilização. Para os ensaios dinâmicos foi ensaiado apenas o tabuleiro.Para estes últimos ensaios, dado que o principal modo de deslocamento é lateral (em baloiço), houve que implementar um esquema de suspensão apropriado.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
15.
Author(s): Marques da Silva, F.
Editor: Associação Portugusa de Análise Experimental de Tensões
Keywords: Túnel de vento; Aerodinâmica; : Pontes suspensas
Info
Análise não linear de um conjunto de edifícios em placa no bairro de alvalade: avaliação preliminar de estabilidade e previsão dos mecanismos de colapso
Os edifícios tipo
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Bernardo, V.; Candeias, P.; Campos Costa, A.; Costa, A.
Editor: Comissão Organizadora
Keywords: Modos de colapso; Análise preliminar de estabilidade; Applied Element Method; Ensaios de caraterização dinâmica; Edifícios tipo
Info
Comportamento de paredes de alvenaria sujeitas a ações no plano: análise numérica e validação experimental
As estruturas de alvenaria têm nos demonstrado ao longo dos anos grande suscetibilidade perante a ação dos sismos. Para que possam ser definidas e implementadas estratégias de mitigação é importante compreender a vulnerabilidade destas estruturas.O presente estudo pretende analisar o comportamento de duas paredes de alvenaria, com e sem reforço, sujeitas a ações cíclicas no seu plano e sob carregamento vertical. Como proposta de reforço e melhoria do comportamento da parede foi utilizada rede de fibra de vidro e argamassa à base de cal. Numa primeira fase será utilizado um programa de cálculo avançado para análises não lineares, baseado na formulação do Applied Element Method (AEM) [1], de forma a prever o comportamento das paredes até ao colapso. Os resultados serão comparados e discutidos sendo feita a validação experimental do modelo numérico e da formulação utilizada.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Bernardo, V.; Mera Marques, A.; Candeias, P.; Campos Costa, A.; Ferreira, J.
Editor: Comissão Organizadora
Keywords: Validação experimental; Previsão numérica; Applied Element Method; Paredes de alvenaria
Info
Experimental response of non-seismically designed URM buildings subjected to induced seismicity
The response of three full-scale unreinforced masonry buildings, without specific seismic detailing, as observed in shake table testing at LNEC for a seismic action representative of induced seismicity, is presented. The first building specimen simulated the upper floor and roof of the end-unit of a two-storey terraced house, built with unreinforced cavity walls, a reinforced concrete slab and a pitched timber roof. The second specimen was a replica of the roof of the first building. The third specimen represented instead a one-story detached pre-1940
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Correia, A.A.; Mera Marques, A.; Campos Costa, A.; Candeias, P.; Bernardo, V.; Tomassetti, U.; Graziotti, F.; Kallioras, S.
Editor: Comissão Organizadora
Keywords: Collapse; Limit states; Induced seismicity; Full-scale shake table test; Unreinforced masonry building
Info
Fiabilidade estrutural de edifícios existentes de betão armado sem dimensionamento sismorresistente
Até à introdução e disseminação do atual regulamento de dimensionamento sismorresistente em 1983, o Regulamento de Segurança e Acções para Estruturas de Edifícios e Pontes (RSA), a generalidade dos edifícios de betão armado eram dimensionados para resistir apenas a cargas gravíticas. O presente estudo pretende caracterizar o comportamento sísmico destes edifícios bem como quantificar a fiabilidade estrutural quando avaliados à luz do Eurocódigo 8 - Parte 3.Por forma a criar um contexto representativo desta classe de edifícios, foram gerados centenas de modelos numéricos que refletem as principais características geométricas e mecânicas dos materiais, e que obedecem às regras e disposições construtivas definidas nos regulamentos nacionais anteriores à introdução do RSA. A análise probabilística dos resultados obtidos para os níveis de perigosidade associados às diferentes regiões doterritório nacional fornece indicações de quais as combinações edifícios/zonas sísmicas que apresentam uma maior vulnerabilidade face à ação sísmica.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Sousa, R.; Campos Costa, A.; Candeias, P.; Costa, A.
Editor: Comissão Organizadora
Keywords: Betão armado; Edifícios existentes; Comportamento sísmico; Fiabilidade estrutural
Info
Proposta de uma metodologia para a avaliação expedita de edifícios de existentes de betão armado
A avaliação da segurança sísmica de edifícios existentes tem como quadro de referência a NP EN 1998-3; 2017. A complexidade destes procedimentos, aliada ao reconhecimento de que uma parte significativa do território nacional apresenta uma sismicidade média/baixa, torna a aplicação desta norma complexa para a maioria dos edifícios existentes de pequeno a médio porte.Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido um estudo probabilístico com o objetivo de definir dois procedimentos alternativos que, não pretendendo substituir a regulamentação existente, permitem avaliar a segurança sísmica de edifícios de uma forma expedita, com base nas propriedades geométricas e mecânicas dos seus elementos verticais.Não obstante a sua simplicidade, estes métodos permitem assegurar o mesmo nível de fiabilidade estrutural para os diferentes graus de perigosidade sísmica em Portugal, bem como um nível de segurança inversamente proporcional ao nível de complexidade dos mesmos, tendo como referência a NP EN 1998-3; 2017.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Sousa, R.; Campos Costa, A.; Candeias, P.; Costa, A.
Editor: Comissão Organizadora
Keywords: Betão armado; Edifícios existentes; Avaliação segurança sísmica
Info
Collapse shake-table test on a URM-timber roof substructure
Typical low-rise masonry construction in regions such as Europe, Australia and New Zealand consists of cavity or solid URM walls covered with various timber roof configurations generally supported by masonry gables. The flexibility of these light timber roof systems has been reported to have significant effect on the seismic performance of the structure as a whole. Post-earthquake observations and experimental outcomes highlighted the large vulnerability of the URM gable walls to the development of overturning mechanisms, both due to the out-of-plane excitations and the in-plane timber diaphragm deformability. This paper presents a full-scale collapse shake-table test on a Dutch roof substructure composed by wooden planks supported by timber beams lying on masonry gable walls. After attaining the collapse of the gable walls, the timber roof diaphragm was subjected to a supplementary quasi-static cyclic pushover test for a complete characterization of the system response. The test is a part of a wider research project aimed at assessing the vulnerability of URM buildings in Groningen, a region of the Netherlands not naturally prone to seismic events, but which has recently been exposed to induced seismicity. The presented results include the damage evolution, the collapse mechanism and the hysteretic response of the specimen.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Correia, A.A.; Tomassetti, U.; Campos Costa, A.; Penna, A.; Graziotti, F.; Magenes, G.
Editor: EAEE/ETAM
Keywords: Collapse; Roof; Timber; Unreinforced masonry; Full-scale shake-table test
Info
Full-scale shake-table tests of URM buildings subjected to induced ground motions
This paper discusses the results of three dynamic shake-table tests, performed on full-scale unreinforced masonry buildings without specific seismic detailing. The testing program is part of a wider research project aimed at assessing the seismic vulnerability of buildings typical of the Groningen region, located in Northeast of the Netherlands. This area, historically not prone to tectonic ground motions, in the recent years has been subjected to earthquakes induced by reservoir depletion due to gas extraction. The first building specimen simulated the end-unit of a two-story terraced house, built with unreinforced cavity walls. These walls were composed of an inner load-bearing leaf, made of calcium silicate bricks supporting the floors, and an outer veneer, made of clay bricks with aesthetic and weather-protection function. The two leafs were interconnected by distributed metal ties. The floors consisted of reinforced concrete slabs, providing rigid diaphragms in their plane. The pitched roof was made of longitudinal timber purlins, supported by end gables perpendicular to the shaking direction, and wood boards. The second specimen was a replica of the second story and the attic of the first building, with identical details for walls, slab, and roof framing tested to study the collapse mechanism. The third specimen represented instead a one-story detached pre-1940s house, built with double-wythe unreinforced clay masonry walls. The prototype structure was designed to include large openings and a re-entrant corner, causing significant horizontal irregularities. The first floor was made of timber beams and planks, resulting in a flexible diaphragm. The steep-pitch roof consisted of a series of timber trusses connected by wood purlins and boards. The two façades perpendicular to the shaking direction were designed in order to represent two common gable geometries.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Graziotti, F.; Tomassetti, U.; Correia, A.A.; Penna, A.; Magenes, G.; Guerrini, G.
Editor: EAEE/ETAM
Keywords: Induced Seismicity; Collapse; Roof; Unreinforced masonry building; Full-scale shake-table test
Info
Towards a uniform earthquake risk model for Europe
Seismic risk has been the focus of a number of European projects in recent years, but there has never been a concerted effort amongst the research community to produce a uniform European risk model. The H2020 SERA project has a work package that is dedicated to that objective, with the aim being to produce an exposure model, a set of fragility/vulnerability functions, and socio-economic indicators in order to assess probabilistic seismic risk at a European scale. The partners of the project are working together with the wider seismic risk community through web tools, questionnaires, workshops, and meetings. All of the products of the project will be openly shared with the community on both the OpenQuake platform of the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) and the web platform of the European Facilities for Earthquake Hazard and Risk (EFEHR).
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
10p.
Author(s): Romão, X.; Correia, A.A.; Crowley, H.; Rodrigues, D.; Silva, V.; Despotaki, V.; Castro, J.M.; Akkar, S.; Hancilar, U.; Pitilakis, K.; Pitilakis, D.; Belvaux, M.; Wiemer, S.; Danciu, L.; Bursi, O.S.; W
Editor: EAEE/ETAM
Keywords: European risk; Socio-economic vulnerability; Fragility model; Exposure model; Seismic risk
Info
A fibre-based frame element with explicit consideration of bond-slip effects
Reinforced concrete (RC) frames subjected to seismic loading often depict localized member-end deformations due to strain penetration effects between adjacent members, such as beam-column and column-footing joints. Past experimental programs indicate that the bond-slip deformations occurring at the interface between the reinforcement and the surrounding concrete can contribute up to 40% of the lateral deformation of the RC members.Despite the recognized importance of strain penetration effects on the response of RC structures, the consideration of such effects in numerical models is still limited. The employment of advanced bond-slip models within detailed finite element formulations, capable of simulating continuous domains with highly discretized meshes, has witnessed great advances over the recent years with encouraging results. Nonetheless, this modelling approach is computationally heavy and hence inapplicable for practical seismic (nonlinear) analysis of structures.Alternatively, the use of beam-column elements with lumped or distributed plasticity is a more computationally efficient and engineering-friendly modelling approach. Unfortunately, the elements of this type available in conventional numerical packages did not yet consider an explicit simulation of the interface between the reinforcing bars and the surrounding concrete along their embedment length. In other words, the inclusion of bond-slip effects in beam element models has been essentially achieved through simplified formulations based on empirical relationships.The present study aimed at overcoming the foregoing limitation by developing an explicit bond-slip model applicable to general fibre-based beam-column elements. Using a state-of-the-art bond-slip constitutive model, the current paper introduces a zero-length element that computes the localized member-end deformations accounting for the bond-slip response at each reinforcing bar of a given RC section. Along with the material properties and anchorage conditions, the proposed nonlinear model also accounts for cyclic degradation and rebar yielding effects. Validation studies conducted with the proposed numerical formulation reveal a good agreement with past experimental tests, evidencing an important stability and accuracy at the expense of an acceptable additional computational effort.
Year: 2017
Number Pages:
12p.
Author(s): Sousa, R.; Correia, A.A.; Almeida, J.P.; Pinho, R.
Editor: ACHISINA, IAEE
Keywords: Nonlinear analysis; Frame; Reinforced concrete; Bond-slip
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Books
Info
Historical earthquake-resistant timber framing in the mediterranean area
This book presents a selection of the best papers from the HEaRT 2015 conference, held in Lisbon, Portugal, which provided a valuable forum for engineers and architects, researchers and educators to exchange views and findings concerning the technological history, construction features and seismic behavior of historical timber-framed walls in the Mediterranean countries. The topics covered are wide ranging and include historical aspects and examples of the use of timber-framed construction systems in response to earthquakes, such as the gaiola system in Portugal and the Bourbon system in southern Italy; interpretation of the response of timber-framed walls to seismic actions based on calculations and experimental tests; assessment of the effectiveness of repair and strengthening techniques, e.g., using aramid fiber wires or sheets; and modelling analyses. In addition, on the basis of case studies, a methodology is presented that is applicable to diagnosis, strengthening and improvement of seismic performance and is compatible with modern theoretical principles and conservation criteria. It is hoped that, by contributing to the knowledge of this construction technique, the book will help to promote conservation of this important component of Europe
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
468p.
Author(s): Cruz, H.; Saporiti Machado, J.; Campos Costa, A.; Candeias, P.; Catarino, J. M.
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Vol. 1.
Keywords: Heart 2015 Conference; Historic Masonry; Performance-based Assessment; Structural Health Monitoring; Timber-Framed Construction Systems; Seismic-Resistant Timber Frames; Historical Constructive Analysis; Historical Timber-Framed Walls
Info
Assessment of the seismic capacity of stone masonry walls with block models
The applications of discrete elements models based on rigid block formulations to the analysis of masonry walls under horizontal out-of-plane loading is simplified block pattern are addressed. Two procedures for creating irregular block systems are presented, one using Voronoi polygons, the other based on a bed and cross joint structure with random deviations. A test problem provides a comparison of various regular and random block patterns, showing their influence on the failure loads. The estimation of manual frequencies of rigid block models, and its application to static pushover analyses, is addressed. An example of application of rigid block model to wall capacity problem is presented.
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
221-236pp.
Author(s): Lemos, J. V.; Campos Costa, A.; Bretas, E. M.
: Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Vol. 21.
Keywords: RTigid blocks; Discrete elements; Seismic assessment; Masonry structures
Info
Earthquake disaster scenario prediction and loss modelling for urban areas
The overall aim of Sub-Project 10 (Earthquake disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling for urban areas) has been to create a tool, based on state-of-the-art loss modelling software, to provide strong, quantified statements about the benefits of a range of possible mitigation actions, in order to support decision-making by urban authorities for seismic risk mitigation strategies. A further larger aim has been to contribute to a seismic risk mitigation policy for future implementation at European level. Among the European cities for which loss estimation studies have been carried out are Istanbul, Lisbon and Thessaloniki, and tools, using GIS mapping, have been developed by research teams in each of these cities; these were made available for further development to examine mitigation strategies within SP10. Related research studies
Year: 2007
Number Pages:
180p.
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Carvalho, A. M.
Editor: IUSS Press
Keywords: Shaking scenarios
Info
European manual for in-situ assessment of important existing structures. LessLoss Sub Project 5-In-situ assessment, monitoring and typification of buildings and infrastructure
Much work in Earthquake Engineering was devoted to the improvement of earthquake resistant design of new structures. One European result is EN 1998, which will be in several years the main seismic code for all European countries. But it is well known, that older existing structures cause in many large earthquakes much more casualties and damages than new structures. It is certainly not possible to retrofit all existing structures, but agreement exists, that assessment and retrofit of safety - critical - structures and lifeline structures must have priority. In September 2004 the European Integrated Research Project LESSLOSS on Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides was started. The project will run for three years and comprises 13 Sub-Projects (SP´s). The consortium consists of 46 partners (see http:\\www.lessloss.org). LESSLOSS SP5 is on In-situ Assessment, Monitoring and Typification of buildings and Infrastructure. The project partners of SP5 are ARS, CESI, LNEC, RWTH and VCE. This Sub Project focuses mainly on the assessment of important existing structures and tries to integrate experimental methods into the assessment procedure. The progress of SP5 obtained in the first year is summarized in this paper. Highlights presented by all partners are mentioned and the assessment of Hospital Innsbruck is presented in more detail. The most innovative task of LESSLOSS/ SP5 is Update of vulnerability estimates via monitoring, which was also started in the first year.
Year: 2007
Number Pages:
195p.
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Candeias, P.; Mendes, L.; Flesch, R.; Pellegrini, R.; Friedl, H.; Hoffmeister, B.; Oppe, M.; Veit-Egerer, R.; Wenzel, H.; Eusebio, M.
Editor: IUSS Press
Keywords: Structures; Earthquake
Info
Modal analysis from ambient vibration survey of bridges: LNEC experience
In order to study the behavior of bridge structures in relation to traffic, wind and seismic loads, it is extremely important to know their actual dynamic properties (natural frequencies, vibration mode shapes and damping). The experimentally identified dynamic properties of bridge structures are also an effective way to characterize their actual global structural behavior. Whether included in the reception load tests of recently built bridges, before they are opened to the traffic, or as part of the inspection works of bridges already in service, LNEC has performed modal analysis studies based on the results of ambient vibration tests. Some of the studies carried out recently in important bridges are reported in this paper.
Year: 1999
Number Pages:
712-718pp.
Author(s): Rodrigues, J.; Campos Costa, A.
: Proceedings of the 17th International Modal Analysis Conference : February 8 - 11, 1999 / IMAC XVII.
Editor: SEM
Volume:
Vol. 3727.
Keywords: Dynamic properties; Bridge structures
Info
O Sismo de Northridge, Los Angeles, de 17 Janeiro de 1994. Ensinamentos para Portugal.
O sismo de Northridge ocorreu na parte norte da área metropolitana de Los Angeles, Califórnia, às 4:31 h do dia 17 de janeiro, uma segunda-feira coincidente com dia de feriado nacional, tendo atingindo uma magnitude de 6.6 na escala de Richter. O número total de vítimas mortais cifra-se em 57, havendo para cima de 8 000 feridos e 20 000 desalojados.As estimativas de perdas totais, feitas em meados de fevereiro de 1994, apontavam para valores de 15 biliões de US dólares, tendo o Estado da Califórnia apresentado um impacto económico total de ordem dos 30 biliões de dólares, perto do valor do Orçamento Geral do estado Português para 1994. Os prejuízos infligidos na indústria e no comércio são também surpreendentemente elevados, exigindo longos períodos de interrupção das atividades económicas.
Year: 1995
Number Pages:
165p.
Author(s): Oliveira, C.S.; Costa, A.; Campos Costa, A.; Azevedo, J.; Delgado, R.M.
Editor: IST e FEUP
Keywords: Northridge earthquake; Earthquake effects
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Capítulo de Livro
Info
Shaping favorable beliefs towards seismic protection through risk communication: A pilot-experience in two Lisbon schools (Portugal).
Communicating science within disaster risk reduction using methods that encourage two-way dialogue between scientists and laypersons is a challenging task. This paper aims at presenting a methodological strategy of communicating risk and non-structural seismic protection measures through participatory approach. Such methodological strategy is part of a pilot experience of risk communication in two schools in Lisbon (Portugal) under the EU project KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements). The efficacy of education for seismic safety is often inhibited by an incomplete understanding of the process by which individuals decide to protect themselves from harm (Becker JS, Paton D,Johnston DM, Ronan KR. Nat Hazards 64(1):107
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
445-458pp.
Author(s): Silva, D. S.; Vicente, M.; Pereira, A.; Candeias, P.; Ferreira, M.A.; Oliveira, C.S.; Bernardo, R.; Lopes, M.; Henriques, P.
: Proceedings of the International Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics
Editor: Springer Link
Volume:
Volume 47.
Keywords: Non-structural; Protective behaviours; Risk communication; Seismic risk
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Characterization of timber masonry walls with dynamic tests
Most of the Lisbon 18th century timber-framed masonry
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
299-309pp.
Author(s): Gonçalves, A.; Candeias, P.; Guerreiro, L.; Ferreira, J.; Campos Costa, A.
: Historical earthquake-resistant timber framing in the mediterranean area
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Vol. 1.
Keywords: Shaking table tests; Timber-masonry walls;
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KnowRISK practical guide for mitigation of seismic risk due to non-structural components
Good performance of non-structural elements can be decisive in saving lives and costs when an earthquake strikes. The European project KnowRISK aims to educate and encourage households to take the necessary precautionary measures to protect people, houses, and contents. Preparedness and prevention act on community resilience. Within the KnowRISK project, the idea of a Practical Guide has been conceived suggesting seismic mitigation solutions for non-structural components to non-experts stakeholders. It is intended to guide people into the first steps of prevention in a straightforward manner, minimizing or avoiding injuries, damage, and long-term financial consequences. The novelty of the Guide belongs to his philosophy: a path through increasing challenges corresponds to a growing level of safety. The idea is that anyone can mitigate seismic risk in its own environment by adopting simple and low cost measures. The Practical Guide may contribute to increase risk awareness. This kind of initiatives if undertaken at larger scales may also enhance social resilience.
Year: 2018
Number Pages:
309-321pp.
Author(s): Ferreira, M.A.; Oliveira, C.S.; Lopes, M.; Musacchio, G; Candeias, P.; Vicente, M.; Silva, D. S.; O
: Proceedings of the International Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics
Editor: Springer Link
Volume:
Volume 47.
Keywords: Practical guide; Community resilience; Preparedness; Non-structural elements
Info
Elastic and inelastic analyses of frames with a force-based higher-order 3D beam element accounting for axial-flexural-sheartorsional interaction
When one of the dimensions of a structural member is not clearly larger than the two orthogonal ones, engineers are usually compelled to simulate it with refined meshes of shell or solid finite elements that typically impose a large computational burden. The alternative use of classical beam theories, either based on Euler-Bernoulli or Timoshenko
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
109-128pp.
Author(s): Correia, A.A.; Almeida, J.P.; Pinho, R.
: Computational Methods in Applied Sciences
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Vol. 3.
Keywords: Inelastic response; Boundary conditions; Flexural-shear-torsional interaction; Higher-order; Force-based; Beam element
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A finite-fault modeling of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake sources
A non
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
433-454.
Author(s): Carvalho, A. M.; Campos Costa, A.; Sousa Oliveira, C.
Editor: L.A. Mendes-Victor et al. (eds)
Keywords: Earthquake scenarios; Finite-fault modeling
Info
Simulating earthquake scenarios in the european project Lessloss: the case of Lisbon
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
233-243.
Author(s): Zonno, G.; Carvalho, A. M.; Franceschina, G.; Akinci, A.; Campos Costa, A.; Coelho, E.; Cultrera, G.; Pacor, F.; Pessina, V.; Cocco, M.
Editor: L.A. Mendes-Victor et al. (eds)
Keywords: Earthquake scenarios
Info
Shaking table testing
This text reflects the first of the four lectures that the author has presented at Udine, Italy, at CISM
Year: 2008
Number Pages:
165-196pp.
Author(s): Bairrão, R.
Editor: Springer Verlag
Keywords: Shaking table testing
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Tese de Doutoramento
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Modelos estocáticos para a caracterização da acção sísmica em Portugal Continental
Um dos principais problemas e interesses da engenharia sísmica é a caracterizaçãoda acção sísmica, envolvendo a estimativa da intensidade, conteúdo em frequência,duração e variabilidade espacial dos movimentos intensos do solo mais gravosos, emtermos dos seus efeitos nas estruturas, que pode ocorrer num local.O presente trabalho de investigação desenvolve e aplica a metodologia estocástica etécnicas de modelação de fonte
Year: 2009
Author(s): Carvalho, A. M.
Keywords: Portugal continental; Risco sísmico; Fonte sísmica; Modelos estocásticos; Acção sísmica
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Risco sísmico em Portugal Continental
Os sismos são encarados frequentemente como desastres naturais inevitáveis. Todavia,deveriam ser considerados fenómenos naturais, cujos efeitos adversos podem ser minimizadoscaso se proceda a uma gestão efectiva do risco sísmico.O objectivo principal do presente trabalho de investigação é o de avaliar o risco sísmicoem Portugal Continental.Sendo um tema de natureza multidisciplinar, apresentam-se e discutem-se modelos deavaliação probabilística da perigosidade sísmica e sua desagregação, de vulnerabilidade efragilidade sísmicas de tipologias construtivas, de danos e de perdas económicas e humanas.Aplica-se a análise probabilística da perigosidade sísmica, e sua desagregação, aPortugal Continental, obtendo-se cenários modais capazes de reproduzir os níveis deperigosidade que os condicionam. Apresenta-se o inventário do parque habitacional e seushabitantes, descriminado por factores de vulnerabilidade, e classifica-se a sua vulnerabilidadesegundo os modelos de dano. Procede-se à actualização e aferição de uma metodologia parasimulação de cenários sísmicos, integrada num Sistema de Informação Geográfico. Avalia-seo risco sísmico, seguindo diversas abordagens, comparando-se os resultados com o risco deoutros países.Construiu-se assim uma ferramenta de avaliação de perdas devidas a sismos, queconstitui uma primeira contribuição para o desenvolvimento de um processo de gestão dorisco sísmico aplicado ao Continente Português.
Year: 2009
Author(s): Sousa, M. L.
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Avaliação da vulnerabilidade sísmica de edifícios de alvenaria
O parque habitacional de Portugal Continental contém algumas tipologias construtivas deelevada vulnerabilidade sísmica em relação às quais urge actuar no sentido de reduzir o riscosísmico a elas associado. No projecto de investigação
Year: 2008
Author(s): Candeias, P.
Keywords: Reforço sísmico; Vulnerabilidade sísmica; Ensaios sísmicos; Edifícios
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Relatório Científico
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Modelos estocásticos de rutura progressiva de falha para caracterização da ação sísmica em Portugal. Aplicação ao sismo de 1 de Novembro de 1755.
A caracterização da ação sísmica, para efeitos de projeto e verificação de segurança das estruturas de engenharia civil, é realizada para valores de intensidade sísmica elevados quando comparados com os valores de intensidade sísmica sentidos frequentemente. Tais valores elevados são compatíveis com os níveis de segurança exigidos para as estruturas, que usualmente são considerados implícitos nas regras de dimensionamento e verificação de segurança de estruturas contempladas nos códigos em vigor.
Year: 2004
Author(s): Carvalho, A. M.; Campos Costa, A.
Keywords: Modelos estocásticos; Intensidade sísmica
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Levantamento do parque habitacional de Portugal Continental para o estudo da sua vulnerabilidade sísmica com base nos censos 2001
O presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito do projecto de investigação para a Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia intitulado
Year: 2003
Author(s): Luísa Sousa, M.; Martins, A.; Campos Costa, A.
Keywords: Mitigação do risco sísmico; Vulnerabilidade sísmica
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Metodologias para a avaliação de perdas humanas em consequência de sismos.
Os sismos são fenómenos naturais que apenas poderão ter consequências desastrosas se afetarem uma região habitada do globo. Sem dúvida que os piores efeitos de um desastre sísmico são as perdas de vida humana envolvidas.A redução das perdas de vidas humanas é assim um dos grandes objetivos das políticas de prevenção e proteção sísmica e do domínio de investigação da engenharia sísmica.Para se ter uma ideia da dimensão do problema refira-se que apenas no século XX (entre 1900 e o fim de 1992), o montante oficial de vítimas mortais em 1 100 sismos muito severos, atingiu o total de 1 528 000. Perto de metade deste número de vítimas ocorreu num único país, a China, e as principais contribuições para este.
Year: 2002
Author(s): Luísa Sousa, M.; Castro, S.; Campos Costa, A.
Keywords: Sismos; Perdas humanas
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Estudo de casualidade sísmica no Grupo Central do Arquipélago dos Açores
O presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito do projeto de investigação PRAXIS XXI
Year: 2001
Author(s): Luísa Sousa, M.; Carvalho, A. M.; Campos Costa, A.
Keywords: Açores; Risco sísmico
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Levantamento do parque habitacional de Portugal Continental para o estudo da sua vulnerabilidade sísmica com base nos censos-91
O presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito do projeto de investigação para a Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia intitulado
Year: 2000
Author(s): Luísa Sousa, M.; Candeias, P.; Martins, A.; Coelho, E.; Campos Costa, A.; Cansado Carvalho, E.
Keywords: Tipologias construtivas; Vulnerabilidade à ação sísmica
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Assessment of uniform displacement spectra by probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA): Application to Lisbon. 1st year report.
The present progress report describes the research developed by LNEC under the ENVIRONMENT project ENV4-CT97-0548, entitled
Year: 1999
Author(s): Cansado Carvalho, E.; Campos Costa, A.; Luísa Sousa, M.
Keywords: RC buildings; Seismic hazard analysis
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Comportamento sísmico de condutas enterradas
O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para a avaliação dos efeitos da propagação das ondas sísmicas em condutas de água enterradas. Essa avaliação é efetuada em termos do campo de deformações (extensões axiais e curvaturas), a serem impostas nas condutas, para diferentes valores máximos de aceleração e velocidade da ação sísmica associados a diferentes períodos de retorno.A metodologia desenvolvida é aplicada à cidade de Lisboa considerando as características locais do terreno, diversos diâmetros de tubagens e ambas as situações de condutas contínuas ou com juntas.
Year: 1998
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Luísa Sousa, M.
Keywords: Condutas enterradas; Ondas sísmicas
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Characterization of the new LNEC shaking table
As part of ECOEST European research activities, this report describes the experimental programme carried out at the new LNEC seismic simulator facility. It is reported a detailed characterization of the frequency response of the shaking table and the results from an assessment of its control fidelity. This information will act as a benchmark, against which the performance of future tests at this facility could be gauged.A part of the description of the procedures and results of the test programme carried out, it was also compiled descriptive material about the entire facility.
Year: 1996
Author(s): Campos Costa, A.; Gil de Morais, P.; Martins, A.
Keywords: LNEC; Shaking table
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Modelo histerético das relações forças-deslocamentos adequado à análise sísmica de estruturas.
O presente relatório descreve os estudos efetuados no LNEC, que visaram o desenvolvimento e implementação computacional de um algoritmo representativo das relações histeréticas forças-deslocamentos generalizados observados em ensaios de elementos de betão armado sujeitos á flexão.Foi dado um carater geral à implementação do modelo, de forma a poder ser usado em trabalhos futuros de análise dinâmica em regime não linear de estruturas de betão armado, sujeitas á ação dos sismos.O algoritmo computacional resultante é suficientemente versátil uma vez que através da introdução de alguns parâmetros pode reproduzir diferentes comportamentos estruturais, tais como: degradação de rigidez e resistência, efeito de
Year: 1987
Author(s): Costa, A.; Campos Costa, A.
Keywords: Análise sismica
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Outro
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Sensibilidade climática, capacidade adaptativa e de vulnerabilidades atuais e futuras da AML
Análise dos registos históricos de eventos climáticos e o seu impacto no setor da energia da AML, para identificar o grau em que este setor foi afetado por estímulos relacionados com o clima. Avaliação de capacidades adaptativas.
Year: 2019
Author(s): Marques da Silva, F.; Pinto, A.; Machado, P.
Keywords: Energia; Alterações climáticas
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A propósito da forma na engenharia do vento
Análise da forma das edificações nas ações do vento
Year: 2018
Author(s): Marques da Silva, F.
Keywords: Engenharia do vento; Aerodinãmica
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Forma e desenho urbano - efeitos na ventilação
As condicionantes arquitetónicas e de urbanização na ventilação natural
Year: 2018
Author(s): Marques da Silva, F.
Keywords: Engenharia do vento; Ventilação
Info
Wind and structures
Caracterização do vento. Ações sobre estruturas. Ensaios em túnel de vento
Year: 2017
Author(s): Marques da Silva, F.
Keywords: Wind tunnel; Actions on structures; Wind engineering
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