Publications

This study proposes a methodology for developing deterioration models and predicting the service lives of vertical assets of urban water systems (i.e., water storage tanks and pumping stations) using regression analysis. The main factors contributing to the deterioration of these assets are analyzed. Simple and multiple linear regression models of average and maximum deterioration are calculated for 22 water storage tanks and 17 wastewater pumping stations. Data on a set of four water storage tanks are used to validate the developed deterioration models. Service life prediction is carried out using the developed models and considering two maximum deterioration levels: the maximum recommended and admissible deterioration levels. Two water storage tanks are further studied to illustrate and discuss the effect of maintenance and rehabilitation interventions on asset service life by comparing the asset deterioration before and after the interventions.

This paper presents and demonstrates a novel scenario-building methodology that integrates contextual and future time uncertainty into the performance assessment of water distribution networks (WDNs). A three-step approach is proposed: (i) System context analysis, identifying the main key factors that impact the WDN performance; (ii) Scenario definition, identifying the implicated WDN variables, describing its possible evolution, and conjugating them to further establish the reference scenario and the two most relevant and opposite ones; and (iii) Scenario modelling, simulating the WDN behaviour for those scenarios. The obtained spatial and temporal hydraulic results are further used to calculate performance metrics. The methodology is applied to a real WDN to assess resilience performance considering infrastructure asset robustness (real water loss performance indicator), service reliability (minimum pressure index), and service flexibility (network resilience index). A new formulation to assess the metric evolution over time is proposed, deducting the further-away performance results by using an uncertainty weight. The results demonstrate that the increase in metric amplitude for the opposite scenarios over time highlights future uncertainty, reflecting context uncertainty, and the comparison of metric spatial distribution (i.e., at the pipe/node levels) highlights critical areas with higher associated uncertainty.

In regions with a strong seasonal or interannual asymmetry in the distribution of precipitation and higher frequency of droughts, collective irrigation systems are vital infrastructures for agricultural activity. Although operating for decades, several systems have ageing infrastructures, with relevant water losses and pumping energy inefficiencies. Consequently, the systems are not adequately designed or operated to meet current and future water demand. Therefore, rehabilitation to improve water and energy efficiency while ensuring infrastructure, economic sustainability and service quality is crucial. In this sense, comprehensive approaches using performance assessment to support the planning process or benchmarking between water users associations play an essential role in improving efficiency in collective irrigation systems.

Many collective irrigation systems have been operating for decades, facing high degradation of existing infrastructures and huge water-energy efficiency problems. Predominantly composed of open canals, they have been partially or entirely converted into pressurised pipe systems, implying a considerable increase in energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs. Simple, easy-to-use, and comprehensive approaches for energy efficiency assessment in collective irrigation systems are needed for diagnosis and assisting decision-making on implementing adequate improvement measures. This research proposes and demonstrates an innovative approach based on the water and energy balances and performance indicators to assess the effect of water losses, network layout and operation, energy recovery, and equipment on energy efficiency. A novel methodology for energy balance calculation is proposed for open canal, pressurised and combined systems. The application to a real-life open canal system and network areas allowed the identification of efficiency problems mainly due to water losses in canals, followed by the dissipated energy in friction losses. Less critical are pumping and manoeuvring equipment inefficiencies. Also, a considerable excess of gravity energy is recovered in hydropower plants. In raising pipe systems, in which shaft input energy predominates and costs for pumping play a key role, surplus and dissipated energy in friction losses are the most relevant issues. Significant energy is lost in the water conveyance and distribution in both systems. Consequently, the potential to improve energy efficiency through water loss management, network layout, and operation improvement, besides pumping and manoeuvring equipment replacement, is considerable.

This study compares and discusses the adequacy of surrogate resilience metrics proposed in the literature for resilience assessment of drinking water systems concerning demand increase and network redundancy. A sensitivity analysis is carried out for increasing flow rates using a conceptual case study with different layouts and demand scenarios, selecting several metrics to assess the resilience of two real network areas. Resilience metrics based on surplus energy are sensitive to network layout and demand scenarios. The network resilience index considers hydraulic reliability and network diameter uniformity. In contrast, the weighted resilience index also considers the network topology and gives importance to pipes with higher flow rates. Entropy-based resilience metrics mainly rely on the network flows' uniformity and are sensitive to pipe redundancy. The entropy metric most adequate to assess the hydraulic capacity is the diameter-sensitive flow entropy, since it is sensitive to the velocity inside the pipes. Topology metrics cannot assess the hydraulic capacity though evaluate the system redundancy (meshed-ness coefficient), robustness (central-point dominance) and water transportation efficiency (average-path length). Surrogate resilience metrics do not assess the system performance during a failure. They indicate systems which are better prepared to overcome failure events and increased demand events, providing vital information to drinking water systems management.

A global framework to assess the energy use and efficiency in wastewater systems is presented, focusing on the development of a portfolio of energy use improvement measures specifically tailored to these systems. The framework includes a performance assessment system for energy efficiency in wastewater systems and an energy balance scheme. The development and analysis of the portfolio of measures included the following steps: (i) an extensive review and compilation of existing energy improvement measures on the urban water cycle, (ii) a tailored survey addressed to multidisciplinary teams of wastewater utilities, (iii) the consolidation of the portfolio of measures for wastewater systems with the identification of main benefits and drawbacks of each measure and (iv) the discussion of the application of the improvement measures. Results from the survey for the different assessed dimensions (e.g., priority, importance) of each measure are presented together with a specific analysis of wastewater utilities. The final portfolio is instrumental for utilities to select measures, decide on the priority ones and prepare an implementation plan.

Com secas cada vez mais frequentes e prolongadas em Portugal, é necessário repensar medidas que permitam enfrentar a falta de água. A água residual tratada constitui uma fonte de água alternativa, a ser utilizada como água para reutilização (ApR) em usos compatíveis, como rega de espaços verdes e lavagem de ruas.A modelação do decaimento de cloro em Sistemas de Distribuição de ApR (SDApR) carece de estudos que proponham metodologias de implementação dos modelos, técnicas de trabalho experimental a nível laboratorial e exemplos de aplicação à escala real. A modelação contribui para promover uma gestão eficaz da desinfeção da ApR, ajudando a determinar dosagens de desinfetante, concentrações residuais nas redes e locais de cloragem.Neste artigo apresenta-se uma metodologia para modelar o decaimento de cloro em ApR usando o software EPANET-MSX. A metodologia envolveu três fases: desenvolvimento do modelo hidráulico, modelação do decaimento de cloro na água e modelação do decaimento de cloro devido às paredes do reservatório e condutas. O modelo foi aplicado num SDApR da área de Lisboa e calibrado com ensaios à escala real, permitindo simular o decaimento de cloro em diferentes pontos do SDApR ao longo do tempo e prever as necessidades de doseamento de cloro

The number of climate-related disasters has progressively increased in the last two decades and this trend will drastically exacerbate in the medium- and long-term horizons according to climate change projections. In this framework, through a multi-disciplinary team and a strong background acquired in recent projects, ICARIA aims to promote the use of asset-level modeling to achieve a better understanding of climate related tangible direct and indirect impacts on critical assets due to complex, cascading, and compound disasters. Furthermore, it takes into account the related risk reduction provided by suitable, sustainable, and cost-effective adaptation solutions. ICARIA focuses on both (i) critical assets and services that were not designed for potential climate change-related impacts that can increase the unplanned outages and failures, and (ii) on housing, natural areas, and population. Cutting edge methods regarding climate scenario building, asset-level-coupled models, and multirisk assessment approaches will be implemented and replicated in three EU regions to understand how future climate scenarios might affect critical assets and to provide decision-making support tools to private and public risk owners to assess the costs and benefits of various adaptation solutions.

This paper investigates the effect of different types of structural and operational measures on water mixing and renewal time in circular and rectangular cross-section water storage tanks, aiming at a better understanding of the flow dynamics to find practicable solutions to improve their design, rehabilitation and operation. An experimental programme, including traditional tracer and dye tracer tests, was carried out in small-scale tanks for different configurations and operating conditions. Two tanks were tested with and without interior structures, with the inlet/outlet pipes at different locations and for constant and variable water level. The main findings are that: i) the most effective measure is operating with fill-and-draw cycles, however, for tanks operated nearly full structural measures are recommendable; ii) reducing the inlet pipe diameter and installing nozzles near the tank bottom improve the mixing conditions; iii) the use of baffles is recommendable when the inlet and outlet pipes are very close.

This study examines the traceability and measurement uncertainty of in situ hydraulic calibration using clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters as a reference. The procedure compares the equipment readings with the reference ones. Measurement uncertainty evaluation uses GUM formulation, considering the linearity conditions of the mathematical models applied. Experimental values are used to test the procedure and its suitability for actual cases where the expected accuracy needs to be achieved.

À semelhança de outras infraestruturas, os sistemas de distribuição prediais de Água tiveram, em Portugal e no seculo XX, maior enfoque na construção e ampliação, e menor na avaliação da condição infraestrutural para apoio a reabilitação. No seculo XXI, estando os sistemas já amplamente construídos, as exigências tendem a centralizar-se no aumento da eficiência e demonstração de eficácia (i.e., o cumprimento da função para a qual estão destinados). Adicionalmente, devem ser adotadas medidas de sustentabilidade e de adaptação as alterações climáticas, incluindo soluções conducentes a uma maior independência e resiliência dos sistemas (e.g., recolha de agua pluvial de forma descentralizada em edifícios) face a fenómenos externos (e.g., escassez de agua, crise energética). Estes aspetos podem ser mais relevantes em sistemas consolidados, mas são também aplicáveis a sistemas novos ou que sejam alvo de intervenções de ampliação ou redução da rede.

Os serviços públicos de abastecimento de água, gestão das águas residuais e gestão dos resíduos urbanos são estruturais, essenciais ao bem-estar, à saúde pública e à segurança das populações, bem como às atividades económicas e à proteção do ambiente. Estes serviços devem pautar-se por princípios de universalidade de acesso, de continuidade, fiabilidade e qualidade do serviço que suportem o custo eficiente e equidade das tarifas aplicadas. A principal preocupação da regulação destes serviços é a promoção da qualidade do serviço prestado pelas entidades gestoras, focada em três áreas centrais: a proteção dos interesses dos utilizadores, a sustentabilidade da gestão do serviço num patamar de eficiência, e a sustentabilidade ambiental. A ERSAR avalia a qualidade destes serviços desde 2004, ano em que foi desenvolvida a primeira geração do sistema de avaliação, tendo sofrido três revisões periódicas. A presente comunicação tem como objetivo apresentar a metodologia que suportou a definição da quarta geração do sistema de avaliação da qualidade de serviço do setor das águas implementado pela ERSAR, que resultou da experiência adquirida e da aprendizagem em quase duas décadas de aplicação, e dos novos desafios que o sector da água enfrenta.

A dureza elevada da agua pode conduzir a precipitação de carbonato de cálcio nos sistemas de distribuição e subsequente adesão dos precipitados as superfícies das condutas, reservatórios, grupos eletrobomba e elementos acessórios (AWWA, 1999).

Os sistemas urbanos de água são compostos por diversos ativos com diferentes funções, vidas úteis, custos no ciclo de vida, idades e estados de conservação (Alegre e Coelho, 2012), sendo um dos principais desafios para as entidades gestoras a tomada de decisão quanto aos ativos que devem ser inspecionados, mantidos, reparados, renovados ou substituídos nas suas infraestruturas (Vanier, 2006). A adoção de estratégias de manutenção proativa tem sido dificultada pela falta de financiamento necessário à adequada manutenção e reabilitação dos ativos, contribuindo para a deterioração gradual do seu estado de conservação.

Comunicação apresentada no ENEG 2023, 27-30 de novembro, Gondomar

Drinking water treatment improvement is mandatory to face current water quality challenges, such as the need to control micropollutants present in natural waters sources, such as pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), and cyanotoxins (naturally produced by cyanobacteria in drinking water source reservoirs under specific conditions) as well as natural organic matter (major precursor of undesirable disinfection by products). . In the frame of EMPOWER+ project, PACs were prepared by physical (steam or CO2) activation of carbonized pine nut shells (PNS, a by-product of food industry, Grupo Cecílio, PT) with particles <150

The presence of micropollutants in natural waters, as pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), natural organic matter (NOM) and cyanotoxins (naturally produced by cyanobacteria in drinking water source reservoirs under some conditions), that resist to conventional treatments, calls for the development of advanced drinking water treatment (DWT) processes. Activated carbon adsorption is considered one of the best available technologies to tackle these current water quality challenges.In this work, high-performing powdered activated carbons (PACs) were prepared by physical (steam or CO2) activation of carbonized pine nut shells (PNS) with particles < 150

Water treatment improvement is mandatory to face current water quality challenges, being a focus of the United Nations

A comunicação apresenta a metodologia para o desenvolvimento e demonstração à escala real, no âmbito projeto LIFE Fitting (2023-2025), de um conjunto inovador de ferramentas PLAN-DO para planeamento estratégico, operação e monitorização inteligentes de ETAR, para melhor enfrentar os crescentes desafios ambientais e as incertezas climáticas. O PLAN-DO integra cinco ferramentas que apoiarão o desenvolvimento de estratégias para um tratamento de águas residuais mais seguro, eficiente em termos de recursos e mais adequado à qualidade e usos do meio recetor- fit-for purpose, tanto para contaminantes regulados como para contaminantes emergentes

The Technical Guide presents the 4th generation of the service quality assessment system, which abandons some 3rd generation indicators and adds new ones to respond to the latest challenges to supply services, urban waste water management and urban waste management. Changes are also made to definitions and benchmarks for some indicators are adjusted.

O projeto Avaler+

These technical guidelines provides guidance on the use of the hybrid process of powdered activate carbon adsorption and ceramic microfiltration for sustainable drinking water production. They were developed based on the field demonstration of the technology, in Portugal, with a pilot prototype, within the LIFE Hymenb project LIFE12 ENV/PT/001154 "Tailoring hybrid membrane processes for sustainable drinking water production", conducted by LNEC - the National Civil Engineering Laboratory and Águas do Algarve, S.A.

O objetivo do presente Guia é a apresentação e a especificação dosistema correspondente à 2.ª geração de avaliação da qualidade dosserviços de abastecimento de água, de saneamento de águas residuaisurbanas e de gestão de resíduos urbanos prestados pelas entidadesgestoras sujeitas a regulação.Este sistema constitui uma peça fundamental do modelo de regulaçãoem implementação pela ERSAR, sumariamente descrito neste Guia emais detalhadamente descrito em [1], nomeadamente no que respeitaà componente da regulação da qualidade do serviço, de forma a tornarpossível a avaliação quantificada.Note-se que, de acordo com o disposto na alínea e) do n.º 1 do artigo 5.ºdo Decreto-Lei n.º 277/2009, de 2 de outubro, a ERSAR tem atribuiçõesnão apenas para assegurar a regulação da qualidade de serviço prestadoaos utilizadores pelas entidades gestoras, mas também para avaliaro desempenho dessas entidades, promovendo a melhoria dos níveis deserviço. É no quadro destas atribuições que se pretende promover estesistema de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de águas e resíduos.A 2.ª geração do sistema de avaliação da qualidade do serviço resultouda análise crítica do sistema de indicadores adotado na 1.ª geração e darespetiva aplicação desde 2004 ao universo das entidades concessionáriase teve em conta o estado atual de conhecimentos e a experiênciainternacional entretanto adquirida.Para além da identificação e da especificação de todos os componentesdo sistema de avaliação, e em particular do conjunto de indicadores dequalidade do serviço a utilizar em cada um dos três tipos de serviços,são também definidos os procedimentos de avaliação, através dadefinição da informação a obter, do cálculo de indicadores, da sua interpretaçãoe análise comparativa, numa perspetiva de benchmarking, eda produção do relatório de síntese.

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O objectivo do presente Guia é a apresentação e a especificação do sistema correspondente à 2.ª geração de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de abastecimento de água, de saneamento de águas residuais urbanas e de gestão de resíduos urbanos prestados pelas entidades gestoras sujeitas a regulação. Este sistema constitui uma peça fundamental do modelo de regulação em implementação pela ERSAR, sumariamente descrito neste Guia e mais detalhadamente descrito em [1], nomeadamente no que respeita à componente da regulação da qualidade do serviço, de forma a tornar possível a avaliação quantificada. Note-se que, de acordo com o disposto nas alíneas e) do artigo 5.º do Decreto-Lei n.º 277/2009, de 2 de Outubro, a ERSAR tem atribuições não apenas para assegurar a regulação da qualidade de serviço prestado aos utilizadores pelas entidades gestoras bem como para avaliar o desempenho dessas entidades, promovendo a melhoria dos níveis de serviço. É no quadro destas atribuições que se pretende promover este sistema de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de águas e resíduos. A 2.ª geração do sistema de avaliação da qualidade do serviço resultou da análise crítica do sistema de indicadores adoptado na 1.ª geração e da respectiva aplicação desde 2004 ao universo das entidades concessionárias e teve em conta o estado actual de conhecimentos e a experiência internacional entretanto adquirida. Para além da identificação e da especificação de todos os componentes do sistema de avaliação, e em particular do conjunto de indicadores de qualidade do serviço a utilizar em cada um dos três tipos de serviços, são também definidos os procedimentos de avaliação, através da definição da informação a obter, do cálculo de indicadores, da sua interpretação e análise comparativa, numa perspectiva de benchmarking, e da produção do relatório de síntese.

Invited papers from the IWA Leading Edge Conference on Strategic Asset Management (LESAM), Lisbon, October 2007

A simulação matemática dos sistemas de abastecimento de água é hoje em dia uma ferramenta indispensável aos serviços de água, para apoio a uma gestão técnica racional. O campo de aplicação é variado, sendo um auxiliar das actividades de planeamento, de projecto, de operação e demanutenção. Destacam-se o apoio ao dimensionamento de novas redes, aos programas de reabilitação, ao licenciamento de novas ligações, ao controlo de perdas de água, ao controlo da qualidade da água nas redes ou à gestão optimizada de energia.Em Portugal, o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de modelos matemáticos de sistemas de distribuição de água iniciou-se na década de 80, com o modelo da rede de Almada, elaborado em 1981 pelo LNEC. Depois dealguns anos em que a actividade realizada se centrou essencialmente no ambiente científico e académico, as empresas de consultoria começaram a ganhar espaço de mercado na prestação deste tipo de serviços para as entidades gestoras. Numa fase inicial os requisitos computacionais eramconsideráveis

The number of climate-related disasters has progressively increased in the last two decades and this trend will drastically exacerbate in the medium- and long-term horizons according to climate change projections. In this framework, through a multi-disciplinary team and a strong background acquired in recent projects, ICARIA aims to promote the use of asset-level modeling to achieve a better understanding of climate related tangible direct and indirect impacts on critical assets due to complex, cascading, and compound disasters. Furthermore, it takes into account the related risk reduction provided by suitable, sustainable, and cost-effective adaptation solutions. ICARIA focuses on both (i) critical assets and services that were not designed for potential climate change-related impacts that can increase the unplanned outages and failures, and (ii) on housing, natural areas, and population. Cutting edge methods regarding climate scenario building, asset-level-coupled models, and multi-risk assessment approaches will be implemented and replicated in three EU regions to understand how future climate scenarios might affect critical assets and to provide decision-making support tools to private and public risk owners to assess the costs and benefits of various adaptation solutions.

Activated carbons are versatile adsorbents that can play a crucial role in the enhancement of wastewater treatment, namely by controlling organic microcontaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and organic matter. These materials have a 100-year market availability, large scientific testing at lab-scale and applicability in consolidated technologies. However, the use of activated carbons at full-scale wastewater treatment is still emerging, driven by the increasing awareness on environmental and human threats mainly resulting from CECs. The present chapter reviews the literature on the application of activated carbons in full- or large pilot-scale plants, highlighting the state-of-art knowledge on practical issues on operational set-ups, improvements on water overall quality, and costs. The selection criteria and properties of the powdered and granular (PAC and GAC) materials used, and the pros and critical aspects of their application, relevant for product development and process optimisation, are also analysed and determine the research needs proposed for a technical, economic, and environmentally sustainable application of activated carbon in full-scale advanced wastewater treatment.

Urban areas are dynamic, complex, and vulnerable systems involving multiple strategic services such as water supply, wastewater, and stormwater and waste management. Climate-change trends may directly affect the urban water cycle, through heavy rainfall, tides, and droughts, potentially causing cascading impacts with serious consequences for people, the natural and built environments, and the economy. These challenges to urban areas require an integrated and sustainable approach to increase their resilience, with the allocation of the needed resources, including the development and implementation of disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies, plans, and regulations in all relevant sectors. This chapter describes a resilience-assessment framework to be used by cities and urban-service managers. It considers a structured and objective-driven assessment aiming at supporting the development and monitoring of cities' and urban services' resilience action plans, thus contributing to appropriate DRR investments. Our approach considers four resilience dimensions: organizational, spatial, functional, and physical. It is aligned with the UNDRR's Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities and addresses the priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. In this chapter, we apply the resilience-assessment framework to the waste and mobility sectors in Lisbon (Portugal), identifying main opportunities to enhance their resilience and supporting the development of resilience and DRR strategies.

Atualmente os sistemas urbanos de água são reconhecidos como infraestruturas in­dispensáveis de suporte para a prestação de serviços públicos de primeira necessida­de à saúde e bem-estar das populações e à economia das sociedades

Urban areas are dynamic, complex, and vulnerable systems involving multiple strategic urban services, stakeholders, and citizens. Strategic services essential to society include water and sewerage (water supply, and wastewater and stormwater management), waste management, energy supply, public lighting, transport, and public security. The potential effects of climate dynamics on the urban areas might lead to the aggravation of existing fragile conditions and the emergence of new hazards or risk factors, with major impacts on strategic urban services, people, the natural and built environment, and the economy. Climate change challenges to urban areas thus require an integrated and sustainable approach to increase their resilience, with the allocation of the needed resources at all administrative levels. These include the development and implementation of disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies, policies, plans, laws, and regulations in all relevant sectors (UNISDR, 2015). This chapter describes a resilience assessment framework to be used by cities and urban-service managers. The framework considers a structured and objective-driven assessment aiming at supporting the development and monitoring of cities

This chapter briefly presents concepts and methodologies to support the management of urban drainage infrastructure. After the introduction, data requirements for assessing the condition of urban drainage systems are presented. Data can be collected in different ways. Data analysis allows for determining structural and functional issues and system performance. The causes and consequences of failures are required for condition assessment and are the subject of the risk section. Any intervention in the urban drainage system has a cost that must be assessed. Mathematical modelling of the urban drainage systems has an advantage for evaluating the hydraulic and structural performance. Decisions on the management of urban drainage rehabilitation need to be addressed considering the different points of view or aspects that are often contradictory. This may be addressed by using multi-criteria decision analysis methodologies.

Urban water services make use of extensive networked infrastructures - water supply and drainage systems. Efficient management of these services relies on the quality of measurements of hydraulic variables in pipes and sewers to support robust analysis of systems

Urban water services make use of extensive networked infrastructures

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) can result in important benefits, but there are a number of potential negative risks. The risks associated with RWHS depend on several factors and duly consideration is required to ensure that risks associated with this type of solutions are low. Therefore, a generic and systematic approach to manage risk is required. This chapter introduces a brief overview of concepts and terminology adopted. Subsequently, an overview of common approaches to risk management is presented. The chapter focuses on specific aspects for the application of these approaches to RWHS, with emphasis on risk identification, specific risk treatment action, and monitoring. Different approaches on how to determine risks such as water safety plan (WSP), risk management process (RMP), and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) can be used, but all of them have some common steps.

Conventional treatment processes for the removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins are thoroughly described in this chapter, including chemical treatment (heavy metals, herbicides, and photosensitizers), coagulation/flocculation combined with air flotation, and various adsorption processes.

Esta publicação corresponde ao Programa de Investigação e ao Programa de Pós-Graduaçãoelaborados pela autora nos termos estabelecidos no artigo 30.º do Decreto-lei n.º 124/99, de20 de Abril, com vista à prestação de provas de habilitação para o exercício de funções decoordenação de investigação científica, realizadas em 31 de Janeiro e 1 de Fevereiro de 2008.Com o Programa de Investigação pretende-se contribuir para o estabelecimento de umaestratégia de desenvolvimento técnico e científico no âmbito da gestão patrimonial deinfra-estruturas de abastecimento de água e de drenagem de águas residuais. Trata-se de umprograma dirigido de forma privilegiada para as necessidades nacionais, mas que atende aocontexto internacional, tendo em vista o papel que o País pode desempenhar nodesenvolvimento do conhecimento nesta matéria, em sentido lato. Propõe-se uma estratégiaassente no estabelecimento de parcerias interdepartamentais e interinstitucionais, ancorada noNúcleo de Engenharia Sanitária do Departamento de Hidráulica e Ambiente do LNEC.Neste documento começa-se por fazer uma apresentação geral do programa, especificando osobjectivos e expondo as razões para a escolha do tema. Propõe-se a seguir uma visita guiadasobre o tema, que permite a um leitor menos familiarizado obter uma panorâmica geral.A sequência de capítulos seguinte é dedicada à apresentação e discussão do estado actual deconhecimentos. Inicia-se pelas abordagens integradas para apoio à GPI, seguindo-se depoispara as principais vertentes de análise na GPI: desempenho, custo e risco.Faz-se seguidamente uma análise de lacunas e prioridades de investigação. Termina-se com aapresentação de um programa de estudos, estruturados em quatro linhas de investigação:Linha 1: GPI

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EXCLUSIVO: AWARE-P vence prémio alemão e conquista novo reconhecimento internacional: É a primeira vez que é distinguido um projecto de um país que não fala alemão, entrevista de Ana Santiago (Jornalista do Jornal Água & Ambiente - Portal Ambiente Online) a Helena Alegre, 19 de Agosto de 2014

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