Papers
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Characterization of soil treated with alkali-activated cement in large-scale specimens
Soil improvement with hydraulic binders is currently used in practice because of the advantages of using the local soil enhancing its geotechnical properties. However, environmental issues related to quicklime applications and carbon-dioxide emissions associated to Portland cement production encouraged the development of new binders. In this work, alkaline-activated cement (AAC) synthetized by fly ash and an alkaline solution was used to stabilize silty sand. The behavior of the treated soil was evaluated performing tests on a physical model and the results were compared to laboratory data to define its compaction, strength, and stiffness properties. Those tests include nuclear density gauge measurements, light falling weight deflectometer tests, and plate load tests, whereas unconfined compression tests with unload
Year: 2017
Number Pages:
618-629pp.
Author(s): Cruz, N.; Rios, S.; Fortunato, E.; Rodrigues, C.; Cruz, J.; Mateus, C.; Ramos, C.
: Geotechnical Testing Journal
Editor: ASTM
Volume:
Vol. 40, No. 4.
DOI:
10.1520/GTJ20160211
Keywords: Controlled condition chamber; Real-scale demonstration; Physical model; Soil improvement; Alkali-activated cement; Fly ash
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INFLUÊNCIA DO FÍLER NO COMPORTAMENTO DE MASTIQUES BETUMINOSOS
No âmbito de uma dissertação de mestrado realizada em parceriaentre a Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade Novade Lisboa (FCT-UNL) e o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil(LNEC) sobre a caracterização de fíleres para a utilização em misturasbetuminosas, foram avaliadas as propriedades destes materiais, deforma a validar as que apresentam maior influência no comportamento dos mastiques e das misturas betuminosas, tendo sido estudada uma metodologia alternativa de avaliação da capacidadede incremento da viscosidade do mastique betuminoso. De formaa avaliar o efeito do fíler no incremento da viscosidade do mastiquebetuminoso, estes foram avaliados com recurso ao ensaio de determinação da temperatura de amolecimento, sendo posteriormentecalculada a variação desta temperatura em relação ao betume original.Neste estudo além de serem estudados os fíleres tradicionais,que se encontram contemplados nas especificações utilizadas a nívelnacional para estes materiais, foram também avaliados materiais alternativos,dado o interesse verificado ao longo dos últimos anos emaumentar a reutilização de subprodutos industriais e de resíduos deconstrução e demolição.
Year: 2017
Author(s): Antunes, Vítor; Freire, A. C.; Quaresma, Luis.
: Revista TECH ITT
Editor: Revista TECH ITT
Volume:
nº40, volume 15.
Keywords: Fíleres alternativos, Mastiques betuminosos, Poder absorvente, Temperatura de amolecimento
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A contribution for integrated analysis of railway track performance at transition zones and other discontinuities
Railway infrastructure managers can benefit from more advanced tools to analyse available data in asset management activities. In this work, the authors present a contribution to anticipating the development of critical locations in railway tracks, such as transition zones and other singularities, using a novel method to analyse railway track performance. Information on track geometry records, namely the evolution on the longitudinal level of a case study, is integrated with information from a numerical study on the effect of track irregularities on the train-track system and with characteristics of the track superstructure and substructure. The approach involves analysing the information in terms of the length of the defects and respective amplitudes to identify locations suggesting: higher derailment risk, faster track degradation and lower passenger comfort. The application of this method suggested that track singularities and changes in the substructure seem to trigger rapid track degradation. The consideration of shorter moving windows in the analysis of the standard deviation of the longitudinal level showed to be a promising approach to assess the degradation rates at track singularities. The proposed method, in association with other tools can provide crucial information for railway infrastructure managers.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
699-709pp.
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Calçada, R.
: Construction and Building Materials
Editor: Elsevier B.V.
Volume:
111.
Keywords: Transition zones; Track degradation; Deformation modulus EV2; Longitudinal level; Track geometry; Railway track
Info
Assessment of Environmental Hazardous of Construction and Demolition Recycled Materials (C&DRM) from Laboratory and Field Leaching Tests Application in Road Pavement Layers
A research project aiming to contribute to the sustainable implementation of recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) in road pavements is ongoing. The use of Construction and Demolition Recycled Materials (C&DRM) in road pavements is envisaged as a solution with major environmental and economic benefits. Their application as unbound granular material in pavement layers (base, sub-base and capping layers) also has the advantage to allow the incorporation of largeamounts of this type of materials, even coming from different sources. Engineering and environmental performance of these materials are being assessed through laboratory tests and field tests. The evaluation of the environmental hazardous of C&DRM is based in their leachability from compliance (batch test) and basic characterisation (column test and lysimeter test) leach tests. The results already obtained in leaching tests are presented and discussed in the paper. In case of compliance leach test,the results are compared with leaching limit values defined in the Portuguese legislation for waste acceptable at landfills for inert waste.
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
204-211.
Author(s): Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Antunes, M. L.
: Procedia Engineering
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Volume 143.
Keywords: Construction and demolition recycled materials, Road pavement, Unbound granular layers, Leaching
Info
Main results of the questionnaire for portuguese entities potential users of Construction and Demolition Recycled Materials (C&DRM)
Within the framework of the activities of the working group GT1 of the Portuguese Commission onTransportation Geotechnics
Year: 2016
Number Pages:
82-89pp.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Martins, I. M.; Ferreira, C.; Gonçalves, J.; Roque, A. J.
: Procedia Engineering
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
Vol. 143.
Keywords: National distribution; Transport infrastructures; Questionnaire; Construction and demolition recycled materials (C&DRM)
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A numerical study on the influence of backfill settlements in the train/track interaction at transition zones to railway bridges
Railway track degrades more quickly in the transition zones between embankments and bridges, mostly due to thedevelopment of settlements in the backfill. This amplifies the dynamic train/track interaction forces and accelerates thedeterioration of the components of both the track and the vehicles. Consequently, it induces additional maintenancecosts, reduces passenger comfort and, ultimately, it may affect train safety at transition zones. To address this problemand to obtain more insight into the influence of the settlement profiles of the backfill in the train/track system, nonlineardynamic analyses were performed using a transition zone model to simulate different settlement profiles of the backfill.In some cases, the results showed significant amplifications of axle accelerations and loads. In general, the greaterthe number of hanging sleepers and their gap sizes, the higher the vertical accelerations of the sleepers and thelarger the vertical contact forces between the sleepers and the ballast layer. Settlement profiles associated with backfillswith a wedge shape seem to limit these negative aspects.
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
13p.
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Calçada, R.
: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit
Editor: Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Keywords: Railway bridges; Train/track interaction; Numerical modelling; Differential settlements; Transition zones; Railway track
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Design and construction of backfills for railway track transition zones
The initial geometry of a railway track continually degrades over its life-cycle. Changes in the track alignment give rise tovariations in the dynamic axle load which accelerate track degradation, with consequences for maintenance and avail-ability of the line. This behaviour is particularly evident at some critical locations that are associated with abrupt changesin the track
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
58-70 (13P).
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Calçada, R.
: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit
Editor: SAGE Publications on behalf of IMechE
Keywords: Performance-based tests; Track degradation; Vertical stiffness; Backfill design and construction; Railway transition zones; Deformation modulus; Cyclic load triaxial tests
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On the use of under sleeper pads in transition zones at railway underpasses: experimental field testing
The railway track at transition zones to bridges or to other structures usually requires considerably more interventions tomaintain the same open track service quality and safety levels. Under sleeper pads (USP) have been reported to contribute toreduce degradation and frequency of maintenance operations in open ballasted tracks, and recent numerical studies havesuggested its use in transition zones. In this study, the in
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
112-128pp..
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Ribeiro , C.; Pinto, N.; Fortunato, E.; Calçada, R.
: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Volume:
11(2).
Keywords: Track monitoring; Feld measurements; Under sleeper pads; Transition zones; Railway underpasses
Info
Rock joint topography: three-dimensional scanning and numerical analysis
Joints are the most defining features of fractured rock masses. It has been well established thatjoint behaviour is mainly defined by wall topography, which is difficult to measure and define. Previousworks have employed both contact and non-contact scanning methods and multiple approaches tothe analysis of rock surfaces, but a majority focused exclusively on individual surface characterisationwithout appraising wall
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
318
Author(s): Resende, R.; Muralha, J.; Ramos, A.; Fortunato, E.
: Géotechnique Letters
Editor: ICE Publishing
Volume:
5.
Keywords: Water flow; Rocks/rock mechanics; Laboratory equipment
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The effect of differential settlements on the dynamic response of the train-track system: a numerical study
Railway tracks on earthworks with poor geotechnical performance may undergo important differentialsettlements that amplify the dynamic response of the train
Year: 2015
Number Pages:
216
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.; Calçada, R.
: Engineering Structures
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
88.
Keywords: Hanging sleepers; Train
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Comunicação
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In situ characterization of an old railway platform with DCP
The elastic stiffness measured in situ is considered a good indicator of the performance of railway platforms. The deformation modulus obtained from the Plate Load Test (PLT) is commonly considered representative of that stiffness. Nevertheless, the PLT is a very expensive and time consuming test. Moreover, it is very difficult to perform when the purpose is to characterize ancient platforms of railway lines that must be maintained active during the renewal works. The Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is a much cheaper and simpler test, traditionally used to control the compaction of soils and granular materials. The paper reports the experience of the combined use of PLT and DCP tests for characterizing the platform of the main railway line in Portugal (built in the XIXth century), which has recently been upgraded to high speed passenger trains and freight trains with higher maximum axle load. Correlations between the average resistance to penetration of the DCP and the deformation modulus from PLT are presented for coarse-grained and fine-grained soils. A criterion is proposed for the depth over which the DCP results should be averaged for correlation with the modulus from the PLT.
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
949-952pp.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Pinelo, A.; Fernandes, M. M.
Keywords: Deformation modulus; Railway subgrade; Plate load test; Dynamic cone penetrometer
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Influência do teor de água na determinação do valor do equivalente de areia
De acordo com a norma europeia EN 933-8:2002
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
10 p.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Antunes, M. L.; Reis, S.
Editor: XV CILA
Keywords: Equivalente de areia; Teor de água
Info
Laboratory characterization of different types of aggregates according to European standards
The requirement for application of new European Standards in the field of aggregates led to the need to use new test methods for the laboratory characterization of aggregates for asphalt mixtures and for unbound and cement bound layers, in accordance with EN 13043 and EN 13242, respectively. In order to study the applicability of these methodologies and to obtain reference values for natural aggregates more commonly used in pavement construction, a Research Protocol was established between the Portuguese Road Administration (Estradas de Portugal, EP, SA) and Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC). Different types of aggregates of different qualities, considered representative of natural aggregate products used in Portuguese road construction were tested. The test results obtained from the application of the European Standards were compared with the results obtained with the test methods previously used, which are described in National or in ASTM standards. This paper presents the main results obtained in the study.
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
371 - 380.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Antunes, M. L.; Reis, S.
Editor: Ezio Santagata
Keywords: Laboratory characterization; Aggregates; European standards
Info
Mechanical characteristics of lime treated soil used on road capping layers in Portugal - Two case studies
The lime treated soils is a well recognized solution for road construction due to its great potential. Nevertheless, it requires preliminary studies to determine the optimal mix formulation and a strict quality control during its application. This paper presents and analyses some results obtained during the mechanical characterization of lime treated road capping layers, performed during the construction of two major highways in Portugal. The load tests performed and the back analysis of their results have allowed an evaluation of the deformation modulus of the lime treated soil layer. The values obtained were significantly higher than those required by the technical specifications applicable to these works. Hence, an optimization of soil lime application might be performed, either by changing the mix formulation based on in situ quality control results or by reducing the pavement thickness according to the deformation modulus measured in situ at the top of the capping layer.
Year: 2009
Author(s): Cruz, J.; Fortunato, E.; Viana da Fonseca, A.
Keywords: Deformation modulus; Load test; Soil treatment; Lime
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Metodologia de estudo para a valorização de materiais não tradicionais em infra-estruturas de transporte e obras geotécnicas. O caso das escórias de aciaria da siderurgia nacional: caracterização e mo
A Siderurgia Nacional (SN) estima a produção anual de escórias de aciaria em cerca de 270 000t. A gestão deste importante volume de resíduos constituiu uma fonte de preocupação para a Empresa e para o País. Neste contexto a Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia e a SN apoiam um Projecto de I&D intitulado
Year: 2009
Author(s): Gomes Correia, A.; Ferreira, S.; Roque, A. J.; Fortunato, E.; Cavalheiro, A.
Info
Modelação numérica do reforço de substruturas de Vias Férreas com geossintéticos
Os geossintéticos têm sido aplicados com alguma regularidade em infra-estruturas de transporte, em particular na substrutura da via férrea, cumprindo diversas funções. Em geral, o estabelecimento das características a exigir aos geossintéticos é feito com base em resultados de ensaios de laboratório, de carácter genérico, de observação do comportamento de trechos experimentais e de obras em serviço. No entanto, é importante poder dimensionar a infra-estrutura ferroviária contemplando devidamente a contribuição dos geossintéticos, de acordo com as suas características e com as funções que irão desempenhar, e recorrendo a métodos mecanicistas. Neste trabalho recorre-se à modelação numérica pelo método dos elementos discretos para, através de um estudo paramétrico, analisar o efeito da colocação de uma geogrelha no aumento de rigidez de um maciço estratificado, que pretende representar a substrutura de uma via férrea.
Year: 2009
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Tavares, P.
Info
Pavement selection stratagies using Life-Cycle cost analysis
Building and maintaining a road network involves the expenditure of large budgets and therefore, designers and decision makers should have the instruments to make the most suitable choice of pavement solution for each particular situation, in order to optimize the investments in road construction and maintenance. The issues involved in life-cycle cost analysis of different paving solutions will vary from region to region, depending on local factors such as environmental conditions and availability of materials and technologies.This paper presents a study that is being carried out in Portugal, concerning the life-cycle cost analysis of different paving alternatives. The analysis is carried out using actual data on construction costs of typical pavement structures in Portugal and taking into consideration appropriate performance models for each type of structure being selected. The models are calibrated using results from long term performance studies and the maintenance strategies considered take into account the current practice in the Portuguese main road network.
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
1229-1238pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Marecos, V.; Neves, J.; Morgado, J.
Editor: Enzio Santagata
Keywords: Maintenance; Distress models; Life-cycle; Cost; Pavement
Info
Rigid pavement reinforcement: modelling of structural behaviour
The use of
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
10p.
Author(s): Domingos, P.; Antunes, M. L.; Neves, J.
Keywords: Pavement bearing capacity; Numerical modelling; Structural analysis of pavements; Rigid pavement reinforcement; Airport pavement
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Structural Evaluation of Flexible Pavements using Non Destructive Tests
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the improvement of the methodologies used in structural pavement evaluation, concerning in particular the backcalculation of layer moduli based on Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) together with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) test results and using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for the analysis. A brief description of the test procedures and analysis methods is made.The bearing capacity of a pavement is generally evaluated through non-destructive load testing (NDT). Based on the deflections measured in situ and taking into account the pavement layer thickness and material characteristics a response model of the pavement is established. The layer thicknesses are normally obtained through cores and, if available, GPR measurements. The elastic moduli of the layers are adjusted until the deflections calculated are close to the deflections measured during testing (backcalculation). There are several methods for backcalculation of layer moduli from Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test results. However, the results obtained are not always satisfactory, for several reasons, such as the existence of multiple solutions or errors in the pavement layer thickness. An application of the proposed method, combining FWD and GPR tests, is presented. The analysis of the results showed the suitability and advantages of the proposed methodology for structural pavement evaluation. From the experience gathered some recommendations for use of ANN in pavement structural evaluation were drawn, in view of obtaining reliable results.
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
11p.
Author(s): Fontul, S.
Keywords: Non destructive tests (ndt); Ground penetrating radar (gpr); Falling weight deflectometer (fwd); Pavement evaluation
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Valorização das escórias de aciaria em obras geotécnicas
A prevenção da produção de escórias de aciaria (EA) afigura-se não praticável, pelo que, a estratégia de gestão destes resíduos deverá privilegiar as soluções de valorização. A valorização será possível se forem encontrados benefícios económicos, o material satisfizer os valores previstos nas especificações de natureza ambiental e de engenharia, e o seu desempenho em obra for equivalente aos dos materiais naturais. Este trabalho sistematiza a informação técnica-científica, internacional e nacional, na vertente da valorização de EA em obras geotécnicas. Além disso, contempla também aspectos como a durabilidade e a metodologia de análise de sustentabilidade, ponderando os aspectos de natureza ambiental, social e económica. Finalmente estabelece o processo de investigação e desenvolvimento que deve suportar a avaliação do desempenho técnico, económico e ambiental de um estudo de um novo produto para o mercado.
Year: 2009
Author(s): Gomes Correia, A.; Roque, A.; Fortunato, E.; Ferreira, S.; Cavalheiro, A.
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Books
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Application of a gap-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of two national road stretches (EN104 and EN105) located in the north of Portugal - Field and laboratory
This case study refers to the first significant experience with asphalt rubber, manufactured by the wetprocess, applied on a full scale rehabilitation project in Portugal. It concerns the application of a gapgradedasphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of National road stretchesEN 104 between Azurara and Trofa and EN 105 between Travagem and Santo Tirso. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à primeira experiência relevante, em Portugal, na qual seutilizaram misturas com betume modificado com borracha reciclada de pneus na reabilitação deestradas nacionais. Diz respeito, em particular, à aplicação de misturas betuminosas rugosas combetume modificado com borracha em camadas de desgaste, no âmbito da reabilitação do pavimento deum troço da estrada nacional EN 104, entre Azurara e Trofa, e da estrada nacional EN 105, entreTravagem e Santo Tirso.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
23pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.; Santos, C.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 122
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphalt; In situ test; Asphaltic road pavement
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Application of an open-graded asphalt rubber wearing course in the rehabilitation of the pavement of a stretch of the National Road EN 14 located in the North of Portugal - Field and laboratory case s
This case study refers to a successful application of an asphalt rubber wearing course in the frame ofthe rehabilitation of the pavement of the National Road EN 14 between
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 123
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; In situ test; National road; Rubber; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Asphalt
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Application of hot mix asphalt with 20% - 25% reclaimed asphalt in the rehabilitation of the pavement of the motorway A1 between Pombal and Condeixa (Portugal) - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to plant hot mix recycling works in the frame of the rehabilitation of a stretch ofthe motorway A1, located in the centre of Portugal.It concerns the use of 20% - 25% of Reclaimed Asphalt in the production of two different asphaltconcrete mixtures for application in binder courses. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se ao fabrico e aplicação de misturas betuminosas recicladas a quenteem central, num troço da auto-estrada A1 localizado no centro do País. Neste caso, foram utilizadas nofabrico de duas misturas diferentes, uma Mistura Betuminosa Densa e um Betão BetuminosoSubjacente à Camada Drenante, respectivamente, cerca de 20 % e 25 % de misturas betuminosasrecuperadas.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 119
Keywords: In situ test; Laboratory test; Asphaltic cement road pavement; Recycled materials; Motorway; Road pavement rehabilitation; Hot mix asphalt
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Application of hot mix asphalt with 35% - 40% reclaimed asphalt in the rehabilitation of the pavement of the National road EN 105 between Travagem and Santo Tirso (Portugal) - Field and laboratory cas
This case study refers to the first known application of RAP in the production of hot mix asphaltconcrete in Portugal. It concerns the application of a plant hot mix recycled asphalt concrete as abinder course in a national road stretch located in the North of Portugal. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à primeira obra realizada em Portugal, na qual se procedeu àreutilização de materiais betuminosos fresados na reabilitação de um pavimento flexível de um trechode uma estrada nacional (EN105), situada no Norte do País. Os materiais fresados foram reciclados emcentral mediante a incorporação de novos materiais, e posteriormente utilizados em camadas deregularização.
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Antunes, M. L.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 118
Keywords: In situ test; Laboratory test; Asphaltic cement road pavement; Recycled materials; National road; Road pavement rehabilitation; Hot mix asphalt
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Cold insitu recycling of the pavement of EN 260 between Serpa and Vila Verde de Ficalho (Portugal) - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to an application of cold in situ recycling of an old asphalt pavement usingbitumen emulsion.The rehabilitation works were performed in 2 phases: The first phase consisted in recycling theexisting asphalt and granular layers up to 120 mm deep and application of a slurry surfacing. Thesecond phase consisted in placing an asphalt cold mix binder course and a new slurry surfacing. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se à aplicação de misturas betuminosas recicladas a frio
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Batista, F. A.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 120
Keywords: Pt; National road; Laboratory test; In situ test; Asphalt binder; Cold mix asphalt; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Bitumen emulsion
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Rehabilitation of the IP2 pavement between Barragem do Fratel and EN 118 (Portugal) using cold insitu recycling of existing asphalt layers - Field and laboratory case study
This case study refers to a successful application of cold in situ recycling of asphalt layers from aheavily cracked pavement using bitumen emulsion.A new hot mix asphalt binder course and a new wearing course were placed on the recycled layer. / O presente caso de estudo refere-se a uma aplicação bem sucedida de reciclagem a frio
Year: 2010
Number Pages:
20pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Batista, F.A.
Editor: LNEC
Volume:
NS 121
Keywords: Pt; Laboratory test; In situ test; Asphalt binder; Cracked road pavement; Cold mix asphalt; Recycled materials; Road pavement rehabilitation; Asphaltic road pavement; Bitumen emulsion
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Capítulo de Livro
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Case Study of an Inert Steel Aggregate in Road Construction: Characterization and Monitoring of the Structural Behaviour
The use of alternative materials, in particular industrial by-products and waste materials, in the construction oftransport infrastructures and geotechnical works, has been promoted across the world. Nonetheless, considering that, in most situations, the application of some of these materials is fairly recent, little information is available on the long-term performance of the infrastructures in which they were used. This work mentions some characteristics of the Inert Steel Aggregate for Construction (ISAC). It presents some results related to the evolution in the surface characteristics and the structural behaviour of a field trial built on a road section in Portugal. ISAC was used in the embankments and pavement layers. The visual inspection, the results of the mechanical tests performed, and the values of the settlements measured on the surface markings about ten years after the section is open to traffic led to conclude that the pavement in the zone where ISAC was used as a construction material is, in general, in a better condition and presents better structural performance than the adjacent areas built with natural materials. The embankment's maximum settlements in the areas with ISAC were similar to the ones observed in the adjacent areas.
Year: 2023
Number Pages:
5p.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Roque, A. J.; Gomes Correia, A.
: Advances in Geoengineering, Geotechnologies, and Geoenvironment for Earth Systems and Sustainable Georesources Management
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Long-term performance; Structural behaviour; Mechanical properties; Inert Steel Aggregate for Construction (ISAC)
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Testing and monitoring in railway tracks
Railway tracks may be perceived as simple physical structures, but in fact they entail a significant level of complexity as refers to the assessment and prediction of their transient and long-term behaviors. These mostly result from the intrinsic characteristics of their components and of the dynamic interaction with the suc-cessive passing trains at different speeds and with different loading characteris-tics. The railway industry
Year: 2022
Number Pages:
229-255.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.
: Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Monitoring; Testing, Instrumentation; Railway Tracks
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Modelação numérica avançada do comportamento estrutural de vias-férreas
A via férrea balastrada é uma estrutura relativamente simples, mas exibe um comportamento complexo, nomeadamente devido às distintas solicitações dinâmicas a que está sujeita, e à forma como se comportam e interagem os seus diversos elementos. O método dos elementos finitos é particularmente adequado à análise do funcionamento destas estruturas, possibilitando a modelação das ações e a utilização de modelos constitutivos avançados para os diversos materiais que constituem o sistema, permitindo considerar a variação das características físicas e geométricas no espaço. Neste capítulo descreve-se e demonstra-se a aplicação de uma ferramenta de modelação numérica tridimensional, concebida especificamente para o cálculo da resposta dinâmica da via-férrea, cujo desenvolvimento, ao longo dos últimos anos, tem tido a contribuição dos autores. Para além da apresentação e validação da ferramenta de modelação, são apresentados estudos relativos à análise do comportamento da via em situações particulares.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
1-32.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.; Varandas, J.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Editor: LNEC
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Técnicas de machine learning em sistemas de gestão de pavimentos
A utilização de machine learning tem despertado a curiosidade e o interesse do meio académico e empresarial. Com efeito, a aplicação de machine learning, baseada em técnicas capazes de aprender com os dados, tem sido efetuada com sucesso em diversos contextos. Este sucesso é particularmente evidente nas áreas que utilizam grandes volumes de dados e que procuram obter informação que permita alimentar modelos de previsão.Na área dos Transportes, para além da resolução de questões relacionadas com a mobilidade, é expectável que a aplicação de técnicas de machine learning venha a ser cada vez mais frequente em questões relacionadas com a gestão de infraestruturas, em particular no estabelecimento de modelos de previsão do comportamento.Neste capítulo procura-se evidenciar o potencial da aplicação de machine learning em sistemas de gestão de pavimentos, através da descrição de alguns dos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos autores neste domínio, essencialmente relacionados com a aplicação de machine learning no desenvolvimento de modelos de previsão do desempenho dos pavimentos, uma das temáticas essenciais dos sistemas de gestão de pavimentos.
Year: 2021
Number Pages:
47-70.
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Antunes, M. L.; Marcelino, P.
: Modelação Matemática em Engenharia de Transportes. A experiência do Departamento de Transportes do LNEC.
Editor: LNEC
Info
Análise comparada de um agregado de escória de aciaria como material alternativo para lastro de vias férreas do tipo heavy haul por meio de ensaios triaxiais
Este artigo apresenta uma etapa de uma pesquisa mais abrangente que está em andamento na Universidade do Porto, no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa Construct-Geo, que visa avaliar os aspectos geomecânicos de materiais alternativos para uso como camada de lastro em vias férreas do tipo heavy haul. São apresentados resultados de ensaios triaxiais monotônicos e cíclicos conduzidos em corpos de prova de 150 mm de diâmetro por 300 mm de altura, em escala reduzida numa proporção de 1:2,5 em relação à granulometriade lastro padrão AREMA N. 24. Analisou-se um agregado de escória de aciaria, quimicamente e ambientalmente, inerte comparativamente a um agregado de granito, relativamente à resistência e à deformabilidade. Os ensaios cíclicos foram conduzidos em dois escalões de carga de 500.000 ciclos, sendo cada escalão compatível com o carregamento imposto por vias do tipo heavy haul com, respectivamente,32,5 toneladas/eixo e 40 toneladas/eixo. Os resultados mostraram que o lastro de escória de aciaria apresentou parâmetros de resistência superiores comparativamente ao lastro de granito e um melhor comportamento quanto à deformabilidade, expresso por maiores valores de módulo de resiliência, menoresíndices de quebra e degradação de partículas e uma maior tendência de estabilização das deformações plásticas, fenômeno conhecido como shakedown e que também foi investigado.
Year: 2019
Number Pages:
55-70pp..
Author(s): Delgado, B.; Fonseca, A.; Fortunato, E.; Coelho, D.
: As Engenharias frente a Sociedade, a Economia e o Meio Ambiente 3
Editor: Atena
Volume:
3.
Keywords: Ensaios Triaxiais; Escória de Aciaria; Lastro Ferroviário
Info
Current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal
The reuse of recycled materials in geotechnical works has awakened a growing interest in the last few years in Portugal. A committee (GT-VROG) within the Portuguese Geotechnical Society (SPG) was created recently for analysing the current state of this kind of use and for promoting it nationwide. As part of the activities of the group, a national survey within producers of waste materials and potential users in geotechnical works was carried out, and a national seminar was organised within the framework of the activities of the TC-3 of the ISSMGE, in order to discuss the present situation in the country and the best ways to develop the reuse of this kind of materials in geotechnical applications. The seminar had the participation of representatives of the different entities interested on the subject (producers, users, administration and research centres), as well as of invited foreign specialists from other European countries. Taking advantage of the results of these activities, the current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal is briefly presented and analysed next.
Year: 2007
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Santayana, F.
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Keywords: Geotechnical works; Recycled materials
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Tese de Doutoramento
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A New Approach for the Maintenance Management of Transportation Infrastructures using Machine Learning
Transportation infrastructures are vital to our society. These infrastructures naturally tend to deteriorate over time. A set of activities is then required to manage existing assets in accordance with sound management principles. These activities are usually integrated into systems that manage infrastructures according to technical, social and economic aspects. This research aims to examine the potential of applying machine learning techniques to current transportation infrastructure management systems. Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence enabling systems to automatically learn and improve from experience (data), arriving at solutions not explicitly programmed. Powered by algorithms that can learn from data, machine learning leads to efficient and effective systems that improve over time. Over the last few years, the application of machine learning has transformed several industries and could do so for transportation infrastructure as well.To achieve the research objectives, a set of studies was performed. Each of these studies had a specific objective, the set of which can be expressed as follows: to define combined performance indicators for pavement condition assessment using machine learning; to develop machine learning models for pavement performance prediction; to formulate machine learning solutions to overcome pavement data issues, such as missing data; to integrate machine learning techniques into decision support systems for pavement maintenance management. Together these studies explored the development of machine learning applications for solving some standard pavement management problems, providing insights into the application of machine learning to transportation infrastructure management systems. The studies successfully demonstrated the potential of machine learning applications for pavement management systems. It showed that machine learning is applicable to various transportation asset management problems, such as condition assessment, performance prediction, and decision support, and that it is able to outperform some of the analytical techniques currently used. Overall, this research work finds that machine learning is a promising tool for transportation infrastructure management systems.
Year: 2020
Author(s): Marcelino, P.
Keywords: Pavement Management Systems.; Decision Support Systems; Prediction Models;; Machine Learning; Transportation Infrastructure Asset Management
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Transition zones in railway tracks: An experimental and numerical study on the structural behaviour
The railway track continually degrades over its life cycle. This has negative consequences for maintenance and availability of the lines and is particularly evident at locations with abrupt changes in the track
Year: 2014
Author(s): Paixão, A.
Keywords: Dynamic train-track interaction; Numerical modelling; Instrumentation and monitoring; Cyclic load triaxial tests; In situ characterisation; Degradation of the track geometric quality; Backfill design and construction; Under sleeper pads; Transition zones; Railway track
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Renovação de plataformas ferroviárias. Estudos relativos à capacidade de carga
Esta dissertação pretende ser um contributo para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de abordagem do problema da renovação de plataformas ferroviárias em serviço, em particular no que se refere à avaliação da capacidade de carga e técnicas de reforço. A referida metodologia foi desenvolvida com o objectivo de apoiar os projectos de renovação das vias férreas.Os principais aspectos abordados são os mecanismos que contribuem para a degradação das vias férreas, a caracterização
Year: 2005
Author(s): Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Ensaios in situ; Modelação física; Modelação numérica; Ensaios laboratoriais; Renovação de caminho de ferro; Capacidade de carga; Deformabilidade da via férrea; Fundação da via férrea; Balastro; Linha férrea
Info
Deformações permanentes de misturas betuminosas em pavimentos rodoviários
Nas últimas décadas tem vindo a verificar-se, em Portugal bem como no resto do mundo, umacentuado crescimento do volume de tráfego rodoviário e das cargas transportadas pelos veículospesados. Tem-se observado, igualmente, um aumento das exigências funcionais, relacionadas com asegurança e conforto do utente das infra-estruturas, a par das preocupações de carácter ambiental, oque conduz à necessidade de pavimentos rodoviários cada vez mais resistentes e duráveis.Consequentemente, tem-se vindo a recorrer a soluções de pavimentação que envolvem maioresespessuras de camadas betuminosas o que implica uma maior parcela de contribuição docomportamento deste tipo de materiais no desempenho das estruturas de pavimentos. Daqui decorre,entre outros aspectos, uma crescente preocupação com a deformação permanente deste tipo demateriais. Esta situação é também sentida em diversos países, nomeadamente nos países europeus,no Canadá e nos Estados Unidos da América.O presente trabalho tem como objectivo contribuir para um melhor conhecimento do comportamentoà deformação permanente de misturas betuminosas aplicadas em camadas de desgaste depavimentos rodoviários, possibilitando o estabelecimento de metodologias e de critérios de avaliação,que conduzam à selecção de materiais adequados às exigências actuais. Como principais aspectosabordados referem-se a caracterização do comportamento viscoelástico destes materiais, através daexecução e interpretação de ensaios laboratoriais com aplicação de cargas repetidas, que simulemas condições observadas in situ, e a modelação do comportamento à deformação permanente dasmisturas.É analisado o fenómeno da deformação permanente, bem como a sua forma de manifestação naestrutura do pavimento
Year: 2002
Author(s): Freire, A. C.
Keywords: Modelação do comportamento estrutrual; Ensaios de simulação em pista de laboratório; Ensaios decompressão uniaxial estático; Ensaio de compressão uniaxial de cargas repetidas; Modelos reológicos; Comportamento viscoelástico; Deformação permanente; Caracterização laboratorial; Misturas betuminosas
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Relatório Científico
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Contributos para o conhecimento das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de materiais de balastro e da sua relevância para o desempenho da via-férrea
No âmbito Programa de Investigação e Inovação do LNEC 2013-2020 (P2I) e inserido no Programa de ID&I do Departamento de Transportes (DT), o Núcleo de Infraestruturas de Transportes tem vindo a desenvolver um projeto de ID&I designado por
Year: 2021
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Paixão, A.
Keywords: Deformação permanente; Via-férrea; Modelação numérica; Modelação física; Morfologia; Resistência Mecânica; Balastro
Info
CEDR Contractor Report 2016-1. Call 2012: Road owners adapting to Climate Change ROADAPT and CliPDaR projects
Executive SummaryInfrastructure is the backbone of our society. Citizens, companies and governments have come to rely on and expect uninterrupted availability of the road network. Climate change is an important topic within the context of designing, maintaining and operating traffic networks. Most transport infrastructure is intended to be available (in service) to the public for several decades. The life cycles of assets in transport are long enough to take the full strain that comes with climate change; however, climate impact is experienced on a small scale. Crops are destroyed by floods, timber is felled by heavy storms and infrastructure is devastated by various kinds of extreme events. The adaptation of road networks to a changing climate is one of the important issues that road authorities have begun to address and that needs to be further continued in the near future.The main objective of the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR) Call 2012
Year: 2016
Author(s): Fortunato, E.
Keywords: CEDR; CliPDaR; ROADAPT; Climate Change
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Establishment of a Road Research Centre in Mozambique_Monthly Progress Report for Phase 2A
The Mozambican Roads Administration (ANE) has embarked on a project to establish a Road Research Centre (RRC) in Mozambique aiming to provide the basis for improving the long-term capacity to undertake relevant, high quality research relating to the road sector of Mozambique. This project forms part of the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP), which is a research programme supported by the Department of International Development (DFID) of the Government of the United Kingdom and managed by Crown Agents Ltd on behalf of DFID. CSIR, in association with LNEC has been commissioned by Crown Agents to provide Technical Assistance for phase 2 A of the project, which aims to address institutional issues relating to the RRC, draft a strategic research plan and develop a 5-year business plan for the RRC. This monthly progress report dated January 2014 summarises progress made with the identification of the road research needs of Mozambique; the production of recommendations on the institutional structure of the RRC; the establishment of the Road Research Technical Committee (RRTC) and the Road Research Steering Committee (RRSC); and the drafting of the business and strategic research plans for the RRC. The activities planned for February 2014 are also presented.
Year: 2014
Author(s): Verhaeghe, B.; Paige-Green, P.; Antunes, M. L.; Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Road Research; Mozambique; AFCAP
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Ensaios para caracterização laboratorial de misturas betuminosas para pavimentos Rodoviários e Aeroportuários - Relatório do curso realizado em São Tomé e Príncipe de 22 a 25 de outubro de 2012
N/A
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
23pp.
Author(s): Batista, F. A.; Nunes, N.
Editor: LNEC
Info
Establishment of a Road Research Centre in Mozambique. Recommendations on Institutional Structures for the Road Research Centre
The Mozambican Roads Administration (ANE) has embarked on a project to establish a Road ResearchCentre (RRC) in Mozambique aiming to provide the basis for improving the long-term capacity toundertake relevant, high quality research relating to the road sector of Mozambique. This project formspart of the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP), which is a research programme supported bythe Department of International Development (DFID) of the Government of the United Kingdom andmanaged by Crown Agents Ltd on behalf of DFID. CSIR, in association with LNEC has been commissionedby Crown Agents to provide Technical Assistance for phase 2 A of the project, which aims to addressinstitutional issues relating to the RRC, draft a strategic research plan and develop a 5-year businessplan for the RRC. In this report, appropriate institutional structures for undertaking research arepresented. It addresses the following: (i) the Terms of Reference for a functioning Road ResearchSteering Committee (RRSC) and Road Research Technical Committee (RRTC), as well as an overview ofthe outcomes of the inaugural meetings of both of these committees; (ii) the institutional location ofthe RRC within the structures of ANE; (iii) the physical location of the RRC in Mozambique; (iv)laboratory support for a functioning RRC; and (v) Staffing of the RRC. All items, with the exception of thelast item (
Year: 2013
Author(s): Verhaeghe, B.; Paige-Green, P.; Antunes, M. L.; Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Mozambique; Road Research Centre
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Inspeção, manutenção e reabilitação de pavimentos - Relatório do curso realizado em São Tomé de 21 a 24 de outubro de 2013
No âmbito do Convénio de Cooperação entre o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil(LNEC) e o Programa de Capacitação dos Laboratórios de Engenharia dos PALOP eAdministração Pública de Timor-Leste 2013, realizou-se no Laboratório de Engenharia Civilde São Tomé e Príncipe (LECSTP) um curso subordinado ao tema
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
32pp.
Author(s): Fontul, S.; Nunes, N.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: Reabilitação; Manutenção; Inspeção visual; Misturas betuminosas; Avaliação de pavimentos
Info
SUPREMA
N/A
Year: 2013
Number Pages:
87pp.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
Editor: LNEC
Info
SUPREMA
N/A
Year: 2012
Number Pages:
70pp.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
Editor: LNEC
Info
Camadas de desgaste para a redução do ruído de tráfego - Avaliação do ruído em pavimentos em serviço
N/A
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
39pp.
Author(s): Antunes, M. L.; Coutinho, A. S.; Freitas, E.; Paulo, J.
Editor: LNEC
Info
Suprema
N/A
Year: 2011
Number Pages:
40pp.
Author(s): Freire, A. C.; Neves, J.; Roque, A. J.; Martins, I. M.; Antunes, M. L.; Ruas Faria, G.
Editor: LNEC
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ICT
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NOVAS SOLUÇÕES DE SUPERSTRUTURA DE VIA PARA A ALTA VELOCIDADE FERROVIÁRIA - Comparação com a via balastrada tradicional
As crescentes exigências impostas ao transporte ferroviário e a necessidade de o tornar num sistemade transporte mais competitivo, têm levado ao desenvolvimento de novas soluções de via-férrea.Estas novas soluções constituem inovações tecnológicas de via-férrea que diferem da via balastradatradicional na utilização de diferentes materiais e métodos construtivos. Apostam fortemente naredução da necessidade de conservação e renovação da via, o que se traduz na diminuição doscustos associados à sua operação, assim como no aumento da disponibilidade da linha.Assim, estas soluções apresentam uma melhor resposta a velocidades de circulação cada vez maiselevadas e a maiores volumes de tráfego, que tendem a conduzir a maior deterioração da via e aconsequentes maiores custos de conservação e renovação. Em comparação com a via tradicional,estas soluções podem ser mais vantajosas, no que se refere à segurança, a aspectos ambientais, àgestão da operação e a custos globais, quando se considera o ciclo de vida da infra-estrutura.Embora estas tecnologias tenham vindo a ser testadas e aplicadas em alguns países, desde há váriasdécadas, em particular no Japão, só mais recentemente diversos países demonstraram especialinteresse pela sua aplicação. Face a estas vantagens, tem-se verificado actualmente uma crescentetendência para a adopção destas novas soluções, sobretudo para as linhas de alta velocidade,particularmente na Europa e Ásia Oriental.Dentro deste contexto, e tendo em conta a previsível integração de Portugal na Rede Europeia de AltaVelocidade, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo com o objectivo de apresentar diversas soluções devia-férrea que estão disponíveis e compará-las com a solução tradicional de via balastrada.O estudo incide na descrição de concepções de via-férrea não tradicionais, como a via sem balastro ea via de apoio misto, fazendo-se especial referência às principais vantagens e desvantagens da viasem balastro, face à solução tradicional de via balastrada, e à experiência da sua aplicação.Apresenta-se ainda uma síntese da situação actual da aplicação destas novas soluções em paísesque apostaram fortemente nas redes de alta velocidade.Do estudo desenvolvido conclui-se que, para novas linhas de alta velocidade, estas soluções podemser bastante atractivas, como alternativa à via balastrada tradicional.Os autores agradecem a todas as entidades e pessoas a título individual a autorização expressa paraa publicação das ilustrações apresentadas neste estudo, encontrando-se estas devidamentereferenciadas.
Year: 2009
Author(s): Paixão, A.; Fortunato, E.
Keywords: Comboios de alta velocidade; Novas tecnologias; Infra-estrutura ferroviária; Via férrea
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Current state of the re-use of waste materials in geotechnical works in Portugal
The reuse of recycled materials in geotechnical works has awakened a growing interest in the last few years in Portugal. A committee (GT-VROG) within the Portuguese Geotechnical Society (SPG) was created recently for analysing the current state of this kind of use and for promoting it nationwide. As part of the activities of the group, a national survey within producers of waste materials and potential users in geotechnical works was carried out, and a national seminar was organised within the framework of the activities of the TC-3 of theISSMGE, in order to discuss the present situation in the country and the best ways to develop the reuse of this kind of materials in geotechnical applications. The seminar had the participation of representatives of the different entities interested on the subject (producers, users, administration and research centres), as well as of invited foreign specialists from other European countries. Taking advantage of the results of these activities, the current state of the use of recycled materials in geotechnical works in Portugal is presented and analysed next.
Year: 2006
Author(s): Fortunato, E.; Santayana, F.; Roque, A. J.
Keywords: Recycled waste materials; Reuse of materials; Geotechnical works
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Outro
Info
Guia para a reciclagem de misturas betuminosas a quente em central
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
4pp.
Author(s): DT / NIRA; DG / NGEA; DM / NB
Keywords: Reciclagem de material; Mistura betuminosa a quente
Info
Guia para a utilização de agregados reciclados em camadas não ligadas de pavimentos
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
4pp.
Author(s): DT / NIRA; DG / NGEA; DM / NB
Keywords: Reciclagem de material; Pavimento rodoviário; Camada do pavimento; Agregado para estrada
Info
Guia para a utilização de agregados reciclados grossos em betões de ligantes hidráulicos
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
8pp.
Author(s): DT / NIRA; DG / NGEA; DM / NB
Keywords: Reciclagem de material; Agregado grosso; Agregado para betão
Info
Guia para a utilização de materiais reciclados provenientes de resíduos de construção e demolição em aterro e camada de leito de infra-estruturas de transporte
N/A
Year: 2009
Number Pages:
4pp.
Author(s): DT / NIRA; DG / NGEA; DM / NB
Keywords: Aterro; Infra-estrutura de transporte; Reutilização de material de construção; Demolição de obra; Reciclagem de material; Agregado de detrito de obra
Info
MBR-BMB® MISTURAS BETUMINOSAS PARA PAVIMENTOS RODOVIÁRIOS E AEROPORTUÁRIOS
N/A
Year: 2008
Number Pages:
12pp.
Author(s): D. TRANSPORTES
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