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This study evaluated the durability of three innovative multilayer insulation systems incorporating thermal mortars with EPS aggregates and silica aerogel granules after hygrothermal accelerated aging and one year of natural aging at an urban site in Portugal. The loss of performance was assessed after the accelerated aging and every three months of natural aging using non-destructive testing. Chemical-morphological analyses were alsocarried out prior to and after accelerated and natural aging. Results obtained after accelerated and natural aging were compared, thus contributing towards a deeper understanding of possible synergistic effects of several degradation agents and mechanisms on the long-term durability of multilayer insulation systems. The Coffin-Manson equation showed that the accelerated aging procedure (~13 days of heat/rain cycles and 5 days of heat/cold cycles) adopted herein corresponds to approximately 11 years of natural aging in typical urban conditions. The results show a significant increase in capillary water absorption and drying capacity after aging.Extensive surface microcracking was observed after accelerated aging and after 3 months of natural aging, especially in the systems facing North. Traces of biological growth were detected on both the artificially and naturally aged systems, whereas aesthetic alterations were more pronounced in North-oriented specimens after 3 months of exposure, with significantly lower surface gloss and a darker tone. On the other hand, color change cannot be detected in the artificially aged systems (

The internal structures and the hygroscopicity of bio-based boards consisting of giantreed (Arundo donax L.) and hazelnut shells as bio-aggregates, and a sodium silicate solution asthe adhesive, were investigated. The aim was to evaluate the influence of each material (the bio-aggregates and adhesive) and their distributions in the boards on the final performance. By carrying out X-ray computed tomography, the internal structures and the porosities of the boards were determined, allowing important considerations of their hygroscopicity. The voids

ETICS are multilayer building solutions applied to the building external walls to provide animproved thermal performance to the building envelope. However, several questions have beenraised concerning the durability of ETICS, namely related to biological colonisation phenomena.Considering the high susceptibility of ETICS to bio-colonisation, the following research questions arise: (i) what is the impact of surface temperature (ST) and surface relative humidity (SRH)fuctuation on mould growth in ETICS facades? (ii) is it possible to predict mould growth onETICS under fuctuating conditions considering favourable and unfavourable growth conditions?This study aims to investigate the infuence of the hygrothermal behaviour of five different ETICS(with thermal mortars and insulation boards) on mould growth. ETICS were exposed for one yearat an urban site in Lisbon, Portugal, facing North, during which the ST and the SRH weremonitored. Concurrently, numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the hygrothermalbehaviour of the ETICS. Three theoretical indices were applied, using numerically and experimmentally obtained values of ST and SRH as input to provide an indication of the risk of mould growth. The results were complemented and validated by assessing the bio-colonisation, water performance and aesthetic properties of the ETICS. Index 1 (percentage of time with SRH

The introduction of stored product insect pests to new areas is facilitated by food trade among countries, and effective detection and monitoring programs are crucial for food security. The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts is one of the most destructive insect species. In Portugal, T. granarium has been detected in 1988. However, no new data has been added to this information since that date. Floor traps with pheromones specific to T. granarium were used and placed inside ports, mills, and storage facilities, including warehouses and silos, between June and September in 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2022.Previous results from other sampling programs conducted between 2002 and 2008 are also referred here to add more evidence for the presence or absence of T. granarium in Portugal. Here, various types of traps, including some generalists and others with pheromones (such as T. granarium), were used. The collected insects were identified to species, or genus.Surveys conducted identified approximately 40 insect species that are associated with stored products, in a total of 23.725 insects, and among them, the weevils belonging to the genus Sitophilus C.J.Schoenherr have been recognized as the main pests that affects stored cereals. Regarding the surveys made between 2017 and 2022 and previous surveys done in Portugal (between 2002 and 2008; n = 26.719 insects identified), no T. granarium individuals were detected in any of the entomological samples, and only a few Dermestidae specimens were found across all surveys, one of them belonging to the same genus, identified as Trogoderma inclusum LeConte. With the predicted changes in climate, there is a risk of introducing T. granarium and other destructive insect pests that could displace itophilus weevils as the key stored products pest in Portugal. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and implement measures to prevent the spread of invasive pests for effective pest management and food security purposes, using proper trapping methods and accurate and rapid identification tools.

Arundo donax (giant reed or giant cane) is a widely available, perennial, invasive, non-food crop, present worldwide and employed for several uses, including building practices. Considering the increasing demand for sustainable building materials, A. donax can be an eficient solution. This study investigated its properties as a bio-aggregate mixed with a sodium silicate solution as an adhesive. A horizontal analysis that provided a general characterization of the composite was carried out. The results showed that the A. donax-based composite had anapparent density of 517 kg/m3 , thermal conductivity of 0.128 W/(m.K), and high hygroscopicity, with a moisture buffering value of 4.33 g/(m2 %RH), property that could be both an advantage for indoor comfort and a drawback. The uncommon sound absorption behaviour can be comparable to granular materials, with the highest sound absorption coeficient values,

Arundo donax (giant reed or giant cane) is a widely available, perennial, invasive, non-food crop, present worldwide and employed for several uses, including building practices. Considering the increasing demand for sustainable building materials, A. donax can be an efficient solution. This study investigated its properties as a bio-aggregate mixed with a sodium silicate solution as an adhesive. A horizontal analysis that provided a general characterization of the composite was carried out. The results showed that the A. donax-based composite had an apparent density of 517 kg/m3, thermal conductivity of 0.128 W/(m.K), and high hygroscopicity, with a moisture buffering value of 4.33 g/(m2 %RH), property that could be both an advantage for indoor comfort and a drawback. The uncommon sound absorption behaviour can be comparable to granular materials, with the highest sound absorption coefficient values,

The search for innovative and sustainable solutions to improve the energy efficiencyof the construction industry has been a hot topic for researchers due to the tremendous impactof insulator materials in the thermal comfort of buildings. In the present work, an innovativelightweight composite material with thermal insulation properties was developed, for the firsttime, by using cardoon particles and polyurethane. The formulation of the composite materialwas optimized in terms of cardoon fraction and the polyol/isocyanate ratio, to achieve the bestcompromise between internal bond (IB) strength and thickness swelling (TS). The best performing composite was PU75-CP45, with 45 wt% of cardoon particles and 75% of isocyanate, achieving an IB of 0.41 MPa and a TS of 5.3%. Regarding insulation properties, the PU75-CP45 composite material exhibits a promising performance when compared to conventional construction industry materials by tuning its thickness. Additionally, the composite material presented very low emissions of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde (bellow to legislation levels) and high resistance to biological degradation

External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) are frequently used to enhance the energy efficiency of the built environment. However, stains of presumable biological nature are often detected shortly after application, causing cladding defacement and altering the building aesthetics. To address which microbiota could contribute to these biodeterioration related color/aesthetic anomalies, samples collected from stains detected on the surface of building facades with ETICS in three residential sites in Lisbon, Portugal, were analyzed throughmicrobiological culture-dependent technique and culture-independent amplicon DNA high throughput sequencing taxonomic profiling. The obtained data provided a comprehensive description of microbial communities assigned to diverse taxa of the major microbial groups of heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, and microalgae (through DNA plastid detection) in the sampled stains. Based on that, we propose that new microorganisms could be added to the list of bio-susceptibility testing organisms in ETICS. Furthermore, microbiota diversity depended more on facade location and cardinal orientation than on ETICS material composition. Overall, this study reveals the unique microbial communities of color/aesthetic biodeterioration stains in ETICS facades, unlike those of other surfaces, and the associated environmental dynamics.

Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of producing boards or coating panels with good hygrothermal performance by using different agro-industrial wastes (grape and olive press wastes, hazelnut shells, spent coffee and pine) and adhesives (gypsum-based binder, sodium silicate solution and starch-based glue). Hygrothermal properties and resistance to mould growth, including the effect of citric acid, were evaluated. The results highlighted the benefits and drawbacks of each adhesive: the binder seems more adequate to produce bio-based plastering mortars than boards; the other adhesives seem efficient solutions to produce boards with good hygrothermal properties; for the natural glue the bio-susceptibility needs improvement.

Traditional carpentry joints can be found worldwide in many timber truss structures connectingrafter and tie beam. One failure mode of this connection result from shear in the tie beam beyond the notch either due to bad design or deterioration. In this article, the reduction in shear strength of Single Step Joints (SSJ) resulting from biological attack by anobiids was analysed. For this purpose, tests were carried out in non-degraded scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) specimens (reference) and compared to artificially degraded specimens with three different levels of degradation. The reduction of shear resistance was analysed in relation to the density of holes drilled during the degradation simulation, the loss of mass, and the reduction of the hearresistant area. At lower degradation levels, no significant reduction in shear strength was observed. On the other hand, the linear regression shows a trend of resistance reduction with increasing degradation. Despite the relatively low coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.25), the parameterthat best correlated with the residual strength was the reduction in the shear-resistant area.

A tensão de cedência à tração dos aços dos varões para betão armado (fy), ou a tensão limiteconvencional de proporcionalidade a 0,2% (f0,2) no caso de esses aços não apresentarem cedência,constitui uma das principais características mecânicas consideradas nos cálculos de verificação dasegurança das estruturas de betão armado.Para cada classe de resistência destes aços, a tensão de cedência pode apresentar variaçõessignificativas, que dependem da composição química do aço, da proveniência dos varões (dofabricante, dos métodos de fabrico utilizados e do respetivo lote de produção), do diâmetro dos varões e dos métodos de ensaio utilizados na sua determinação, por exemplo.O presente artigo apresenta um estudo estatístico da informação sobre os valores de fy (ou de f0,2)obtida pelo LNEC, ao longo das duas últimas décadas, no âmbito do controlo periódico deste tipo deproduto.Com base nos resultados obtidos estabelecem-se comparações entre distribuições estatísticas destacaracterística mecânica, referentes a aços pertencentes a diferentes classes de resistência, e procede-se a uma análise da sua evolução ao longo do tempo e da sua conformidade com as exigências normativas que lhes são aplicáveis.É também apresentada uma comparação entre as distribuições estatísticas dos valores de fy obtidos no âmbito dos ensaios de verificação do produto, realizados pelo fabricante dos varões, e as distribuições estatísticas dos valores de fy obtidos nos ensaios de acompanhamento (controlo externo) realizados pelo LNEC.

A tensão de cedência à tração dos aços dos varões para betão armado (fy), ou a tensão limite convencional de proporcionalidade a 0,2% (f0,2) no caso de esses aços não apresentarem cedência, constitui uma das principais características mecânicas consideradas nos cálculos de verificação da segurança das estruturas de betão armado.Para cada classe de resistência destes aços, a tensão de cedência pode apresentar variações significativas, que dependem da composição química do aço, da proveniência dos varões (do fabricante, dos métodos de fabrico utilizados e do respetivo lote de produção), do diâmetro dos varões e dos métodos de ensaio utilizados na sua determinação, por exemplo.O presente artigo apresenta um estudo estatístico da informação sobre os valores de fy (ou de f0,2) obtida pelo LNEC, ao longo das duas últimas décadas, no âmbito do controlo periódico deste tipo de produto.Com base nos resultados obtidos estabelecem-se comparações entre distribuições estatísticas desta característica mecânica, referentes a aços pertencentes a diferentes classes de resistência, e procede-se a uma análise da sua evolução ao longo do tempo e da sua conformidade com as exigências normativas que lhes são aplicáveis.É também apresentada uma comparação entre as distribuições estatísticas dos valores de fy obtidos no âmbito dos ensaios de verificação do produto, realizados pelo fabricante dos varões, e as distribuições estatísticas dos valores de fy obtidos nos ensaios de acompanhamento (controlo externo) realizados pelo LNEC.

A tensão de rotura à tração dos aços dos cordões utilizados na aplicação de pré-esforço (fp) constitui uma das principais características mecânicas consideradas nos cálculos de verificação da segurança das estruturas de betão pré-esforçado. Esta característica pode apresentar variações significativas, que dependem da composição química do aço, da proveniência dos cordões (do fabricante, dos métodos de fabrico utilizados e do respetivo lote de produção), do diâmetro dos cordões e dos métodos de ensaio utilizados na sua determinação, por exemplo.O presente artigo apresenta um estudo estatístico dos valores da tensão de rotura à tração de cordões de aço da classe de resistência 1860, formados por seis fios do mesmo diâmetro nominal enrolados helicoidalmente em torno de um fio central reto. Os resultados experimentais analisados foram recolhidos pelo LNEC ao longo das duas últimas décadas, no âmbito do controlo periódico deste tipo de produto. Com base nos resultados obtidos estabelecem-se comparações entre as distribuições estatísticas desta característica mecânica, referentes a cordões de aço com seis diâmetros nominais diferentes e com diversas proveniências, bem como entre as suas evoluções ao longo do tempo.

Bridge falsework systems are used to support the formwork during the construction of concrete bridges. Relevant stakeholders often do not consider them as important as permanent structures, and in recent years a high number of accidents involving bridge falsework systems have been reported. In this paper, a survey of the failures of bridge falsework systems since 1970 is presented, including an update to the information already published, covering the period between 1970 and 2012, with new data from the period between 2013 and 2015. The collected data provides useful statistics for risk assessments when considering the potential consequences associated with failures of bridge falsework systems.

Subterranean termites are known as serious pests of wood, having highly efficient lignocellulose degradation ability which largely relies on flagellate protist symbionts present in the hindgut. It is clear that the symbiotic association between lower termites and their hindgut symbionts have advantages for both, since the termites are able to receive an extra energy supply resulting from lignocellulose degradation, while hindgut symbionts have shelter, protection and food, supplied by the termite host. Termite gut microbiota and respective cellulosic activity may be a strategic target for designing molecular-based bio-pesticides for termite control. For such an innovative strategy, the characterization of the flagellate protist symbiotic fauna should be pursued.The effect of different diets on termite flagellate protists community of the lower termite Reticulitermes grassei (Clément), the principal subterranean termite species in Portugal, was investigated. The main objectives of this STSM were to obtain high quality microscopy images of flagellate protists and to assess the correct methodology to perform a transcryptomic analysis of flagellate protists. Termites were collected in Portugal and offered six different diets (natural diet (pieces of the wood from where they were collected), pine wood (Pinus pinaster Aiton), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), thermally modified beech (submitted to 180ºC during 4 hours), cellulose (cellulose powder mixed with deionized water) and starving (no source of cellulose offered to the termites) for 14 days. After this trial, termites were evaluated in terms of flagellate protists diversity and abundance and prepared for microscopical and molecular analysis.The results obtained showed clearly that termite flagellate protist communities living inside their hindgut change according with the type of diet. The RNA and DNA extraction techniques experimented, although not as successfully as expected, were a step forward towards the optimization of the methodology to be applied to achieve good quality samples for further analysis. The use of Transmission Electron Microscopy enabled the first visualization of flagellate protists from R. grassei hindgut, allowing the further analysis of their internal physiology, important for their correct identification. The search for new wood treatments and biobased materials must take into consideration their resistance to biological degradation agents, as subterranean termites. On the other hand, further knowledge of the effect of the different products on the symbiotic interactions on the termite gut might lead to interesting developments in future termite control.

In recent years there has been a growing interest in developing news solutions for more ecologic and efficient construction, including natural, renewable and local materials, thus contributing in the search for more efficient, economic and environmentally friendly construction. Several authors have assessed the possibility of using various agricultural sub products or wastes, as part of the effort of the scientific community to find alternative and more ecologic construction materials.Corn cob is an agricultural waste from a very important worldwide crop. Natural glues are made from natural materials, non-mineral, that can be used as such as or after some modifications to achieve the behaviour and performance required. Two examples of these natural glues are casein and wheat flour-based glues that were used in the present study. Boards with different compositions were manufactured having as variables the type of glue, the dimension of the corn cob particles and the features of the pressing process.The tests boards were characterized with physical and mechanical tests, such as thermal conductivity with a ISOMET 2104 and 60 mm diameter contact probe, density based on EN 1602:2013, surface hardness (SH) with a PCE Shore A durometer, surface resistance (SR) with a PROCEQ PT pendular sclerometer, bending behaviour based on EN 12089:2013, compression behaviour based on EN 826:2013 and resilience (R) based on EN 1094-1:2008, with a Zwick Rowell bending equipment with 2 kN and 50 kN load cells (Fig. 1), dynamic modulus of elasticity with a Zeus Resonance Meter equipment (Fif. 5) based on NP EN 14146:2006 and water vapour permeability based on EN 12086:2013.The various boards produced were characterized according to the tests and the ones with the best results were C8_c8 (casein glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, cold pressing for 8 hours), C8_c4 (casein glue, grain size 2.38-4.76 mm, cold pressing for 4 hours), F8_h05 (wheat flour glue, grain size 2.38-4.76 mm, hot pressing for 0,5 hours), FEV8_h0.5 (wheat flour, egg white and vinegar glue, grain size 2.38-4.76 mm, hot pressing for 0,5 hours) and FEVH68_c4 (wheat flour, egg white, vinegar and 6 g of sodium hydroxide glue, grain size 2.38-4-76 mm, cold pressing for 4 hours).

Despite their importance on diverse ecosystems, termites may also be considered severe pests of wood in service, and also as agricultural and forestry pests.Subterranean termites

O presente artigo propõe uma definição para a eficiência da geometria de uma secção em I submetida a flexão composta. Em seguida demonstra-se que, para cada valor da espessura relativa da sua alma, , é possível encontrar, em regime elástico e em regime plástico, um valor específico para a espessura relativa dos seus banzos, , que permite aumentar a eficiência da resistência à flexão da secção. Por fim, são apresentadas representações gráficas dos factores e , referentes às secções em I das principais séries de perfis europeus, que mostram o posicionamento destes factores relativamente às configurações geométricas que optimizam a eficiência da resistência à flexão destes perfis.

This paper proposes a new analytical criterion for the interaction between the resisting bending moment and axial force of steel I-sections bent over one of their main axes, in their plastic limit states, corresponding to the formation of a plastic hinge. The formulation of this criterion, based on an integration of the stress field over the whole cross-section area, took into account the influence ofthe cross-sections root fillets in the transition zones between the cross-section web and each one of itsflanges. Therefore, this new criterion represents a more accurate theoretical solution when comparedto other analytical criteria based on simplifying hypotheses, such as those adopted in some steeldesign codes and standards. Furthermore, it presents the advantages of its simplicity and commonapplicability to both cases of bending over the cross-section strong and weak axis. An applicationexample shows the solving procedure of a design problem by means of this new criterion and by theEurocode 3 rules. Then, a comparative study between the values provided by these two methods ispresented for the most common European, American, British and Japanese I-shapes.

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a influência dos troços de concordância, entre a alma e os banzos de secções em I, na sua resistência plástica em flexão composta e em flexão composta desviada. Este estudo baseou-se na aplicação de um novo critério de interacção, proposto pelo autor, que toma em consideração a influência dos troços de concordância e é aplicável à flexão em torno dos eixos de maior inércia ou de menor inércia da secção. Posteriormente, é apresentado um estudo sobre o critério do EC3 para o cálculo dos esforços resistentes em flexão composta desviada, na sequência do qual é proposta uma alteração a este critério que permitirá melhorar os resultados por ele fornecidos.

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O Museu da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa possui uma preciosa xiloteca assinada pelo Mestre dos marceneiros portugueses, José Aniceto Rapozo contendo 1213 amostras de madeiras do Brasil e 12 de outras origens. A sua importância no progresso do conhecimento dos recursos florestais do Brasil naviragem dos séculos dezoito e dezanove conduziu ao estudo em curso. Dada a devastação verificada em vastas áreas florestais brasileiras, surgem dificuldades por certas espécies poderem ter distribuiçãogeográfica diferente (com eventual extinção, geral ou localizada), por insuficiência do material de comparação, e por ambiguidade das designações comerciais.Foi possível identificar esta xiloteca como uma de quatro encomendadas a Aniceto Rapozo pelo Príncipe Regente. A análise das amostras de madeira e a informação documental mostram que a colecçãotem por base uma remessa de 5008 amostras de madeiras do Brasil enviada em 1784 para o Arsenal Real do Exército, em Lisboa, pelo Vice-Rei do Brasil, Luís de Vasconcellos e Souza.O valor científico do conjunto é evidenciado pela identificação botânica das espéciesrepresentadas. Na situação actual, a identificação das espécies florestais representadas na amostragem foiinteiramente conseguida em 14% dos casos, conseguida mas ainda por confirmar em 27%. Dado o carácter preliminar deste estudo, os seus resultados serão ulteriormente publicados com mais pormenor. Among the Lisbon Academy of Sciences Museum collection there is a valuable xylarium by theleading Portuguese master cabinet-maker José Aniceto Rapozo (1756-1824), comprising 1213 wood samples from Brazil plus 12 from elsewhere. This collection is most important since it allows us to improve the knowledge on Brazilian forest resources by the end of the eighteenth century and thebeginning of the next. This study aims to establish its historical framework and scientific value. Owing tooverexploitation and even devastation of very large forest areas in Brazil, difficulties for our study aroseeither as some species may have now a different geographical distribution (and eventually may have underwent local or general extinction), by lack of adequate comparison material, or because of ambiguityof the commercial names.Results so far obtained allowed us to recognize the xylarium as one of the four commanded Rapozo by the Regent Prince, later King João VI (1767-1826). Taking into account the wood samples analyses as well as bibliographic data it is possible to conclude that the collection was prepared from a set 3 of 5008 Brazilian wood samples sent to the Royal Arsenal in Lisbon in 1784 by the Brazil

This work collects information about laboratory tests to evaluate the properties of agro-industrial wastes used for thermal insulation building materials considering them individually and in composits. It focuses on bio-susceptibility, as one of the main aspects to consider for bio-based building products.

Innovation in structures and construction materials demands a more accurate performance analysis during the life cycle. In addition, climatic changes pose new challenges to civil infrastructures that were not so relevant in the past. In most cases, the traditional test methods cannot accurately assess the complex phenomena involved in durability. The modern and complex factors require a different approach to durability analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to present innovative durability tests on construction materials: wood; rammed earth, cob and unfired blocks; natural stone; bituminous binders and mixtures; and Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) to concrete bonded connections. Most of these tests concern the accelerated simulation of the main phenomena involved in durability performance

Laboratory tests were carried out to define production parameters of innovative eco-efficient composites made up of hazelnut shells as aggregate and a sodium silicate solution as adhesive. The aim was to maximize the content of bio-aggregates and minimize the amount of adhesive, guaranteeing the feasibility of producing samples. Therefore, after preliminary testing, the percentages of hazelnut shells and the sodium silicate solution were kept constant: 70% and 30% of the total volume, respectively. However, the characteristics of the considered composites did not allow the production of uniform samples. The sodium silicate solution was not rapidly absorbed by the bio-aggregates; during the drying process, it was deposited on the bottom side of the samples. The uniformity of the samples is required to guarantee a correct evaluation of their performance and future homogeneous panels. Hence, different production parameters were investigated, such as drying at T

The durability of construction materials is a key concern and can be related to different actions such as weathering conditions outdoors enhanced by climatic change, chemical and biological attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service over time. Frequently, several actions develop simultaneously, making it difficult to reproduce in situ conditions in laboratory. Furthermore, testing to assess durability depends largely on the nature of the material itself or on the way it has been assembled with other materials. The ageing techniques to assess long-term durability performance of construction materials are based on accelerated durability tests, which include, for example, thermal stress, freeze

This paper presents an overview of research carried out to assess the bonding suitability of Portuguese timbers.Most work developed in the last decades has focused Maritime pine timber, due to its traditional use in building construction, good mechanical properties and availability. Untreated, as well as preservative treated Maritime pine have been studied, as its impregnability allows deep treatment suitable for applications in Use Classes 3 and 4.Recent results on bonding preservative treated Maritime pine wood are discussed.Preliminary results regarding other species that are becoming available in the Portuguese market are also presented, as an attempt to reduce pressure on Maritime pine timber as well as to seek more valuable alternatives for their traditional uses.

No presente trabalho apresentam-se os resultados mais relevantes obtidos num programa experimental desenvolvido no LNEC com o objetivo de caracterizar a aderência dos varões nervurados do tipo A500NR SD existentes no mercado, fundamentalmente para melhorar a modelação do comportamento dos elementos de betão armado de zonas críticas de estruturas inseridas em zonas sísmicas.O programa experimental desenvolvido pretende simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar e tem como principais variáveis varões de dois diâmetros frequentemente utilizados (16 e 25 mm), dois níveis diferentes de área relativa das nervuras (A e B) e duas classes de betão (C1 e C2), ambos representativos do betão utilizado nas construções mais relevantes.Os resultados obtidos quer nos ensaios monotónicos quer nos ensaios cíclicos apontam para um decréscimo da tensão de aderência com o aumento do diâmetro da ordem dos 10%. O aumento da área relativa das nervuras transversais traduz-se num incremento da tensão máxima de aderência da ordem dos 15%, com uma redução do deslizamento que ronda os 15%. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs que, no caso dos varões com maior área relativa das nervuras, a tensão de aderência máxima possa variar entre 2,35 e 2,65 vezes a raiz quadrada da resistência do betão à compressão e que o patamar onde a tensão de aderência é máxima se situe entre 0,5 e 1,5 mm de deslizamento.Explorou-se também o fenómeno da entrada em cedência da armadura tendo-se concluído que, em provetes que pretendem simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar, a entrada em cedência da armadura conduz a uma redução da tensão de aderência máxima inferior a 10%, quer regime monotónico quer em regime cíclico.

O presente trabalho de investigação refere-se à conservação de elementos estruturais de madeira medianamente degradados por fungos em edifícios antigos. Propõe-se estudar a compatibilidade entre produtos de tratamento e de consolidação por impregnação, aplicados sequencialmente. A avaliação do processo foi realizada maioritariamente em laboratório e na óptica do desempenho mecânico conjunto da madeira e produtos aplicados, por intermédio de ensaios físico-mecânicos destrutivos e não destrutivos e também por ensaios mecânicos não destrutivos realizados in situ. Foram utilizados produtos comerciais, aplicando-os às espécies de madeira correntemente encontradas nos edifícios antigos da zona de Lisboa: Pinho bravo e Casquinha. Procedeu-se à avaliação mecânica de madeira nova e antiga, em estado são e degradado; ao desenvolvimento de um método de medição da profundidade de penetração de produtos de tratamento; à avaliação da capacidade consolidante de madeira degradada por produtos poliméricos fluidos e à avaliação da sua actuação conjunta, estudada com e sem envelhecimento artificial. Os resultados obtidos indicaram significativos aumentos de capacidade mecânica da madeira degradada, quando submetida a tratamento e consolidação Este trabalho desenvolve, assim, uma proposta de solução para a madeira que não se encontra sã, mas que ainda possui capacidade resistente, não necessitando, por isso, de ser removida. O processo de tratamento e consolidação promove resistência aos agentes biológicos e, simultaneamente, recuperação de alguma resistência mecânica da madeira, conferindo-lhe capacidade para continuar em serviço.

Subterranean termites from the genus Reticulitermes are an important pest ofwood in service throughout southern Europe and elsewhere. For effective termitecontrol with long term protection but minimal environmental damage, newintegrated approaches to termite management are needed. Baiting-based systemsseem to be promising non-traditional methods for termite control, targeting thecolony as a whole. However, control through baiting is only feasible when it isknown that the toxicant can be transferred to all the colonies foraging on theinfested area and also throughout each individual colony. Accordingly, the workdescribed is specifically designed to achieve a better understanding of thedistribution and delimitation of colonies within a population of Reticulitermes,with parallel insights into foraging behaviour and colony organization.Initially, the species/subspecies spectrum present within the notionalReticulitermes group in Portugal was reassessed. It was shown that Reticulitermesgrassei is the only species encountered. Foraging activity was then assessed in anexperimental woodland site over two successive annual cycles, both by thesampling of natural lying dead wood and by a standard baiting grid. R. grasseiseem to select wood with larger diameter, with an apparent preference for materialalready decayed by fungi. Both termite and fungal attack on wood seems to bepromoted by higher moisture levels, such as prevail in larger litter items andduring seasonal rains. Termites were unable to detect and direct their foragingtowards sound wood in laboratory conditions, suggesting that the network ofinfochemical signals is more complex than just volatiles emanating from soundwood. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) was used to delineate foraging groups,which were then allocated to their parent colonies by the use of microsatellitemarkers. The results suggest that resource sharing is a facultative behaviour,specifically when food is not a limiting factor for colony development. Theimplications of all these findings for bait technology and protocols are discussed,with reference to the local population ecology of Reticulitermes.

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa relativo ao ensaio de dureza Vickers (HV0,2 a HV5 exclusive) de materiais metálicos, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos, a fim de actualizar as Normas Portuguesas existentes neste domínio.O texto apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-1, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos, a fim de actualizar as Normas Portuguesas existentes neste domínio.O texto do projecto de revisão apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente trabalho consiste no relatório de uma missão a Paris do signatário, na sua qualidade de coordenador da Normalização Nacional no domínio dos "Ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos", a fim de representar Portugal numa reunião do ECISS/TC 1a "Ensaios mecânicos e físicos de aços", encarregado dos trabalhos de Normalização Europeia neste domínio.

O presente trabalho pretende mostrar as possibilidades fornecidas pela utilização de um método de simulação no estudo da homogeneidade da fiabilidade, oferecida pelas curvas de encurvadura de colunas, de diferentes regulamentos de estruturas de aço.Através de um modelo geometricamente não linear, de que se faz uma breve apresentação e se descrevem alguns exemplos de aplicação, é feito o estudo da carga crítica de encurvadura de um perfil IPE 120, segundo o eixo de maior inércia. Os resultados apresentados referem-se a cerca de 1000 colunas diferentes, obtidas através de um método de simulação do tipo Monte-Carlo, para as quais se efectua a comparação entre os valores da carga crítica obtidos e os fornecidos por vários regulamentos, bem como a análise da homogeneidade da fiabilidade conferida pelos mesmos regulamentos em função das respectivas esbeltezas.

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa com o título

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa com o título

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