Capítulos de Livros
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A Review of Laboratory Tests to Evaluate Agro-Industrial Wastes Properties as Building Materials
This work collects information about laboratory tests to evaluate the properties of agro-industrial wastes used for thermal insulation building materials considering them individually and in composits. It focuses on bio-susceptibility, as one of the main aspects to consider for bio-based building products.
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
2p..
Autor(es): Faria, P.; Lina Nunes; Cintura, E.
Revista: Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering
Editor: Springer Nature
Volume:
Volume 41.
Keywords: Test methods; Bio-wastes; Bio-susceptibility; Bio-based materials
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Analysis of the behavior of original air lime mortars used in structural brick masonry walls of ancient buildings
The growing interest in preserving the built heritage is a driving force towards the search for new rehabilitation solutions compatible with the original construction techniques of ancient buildings. For the design of an adequate reinforcement solution, it is necessary to know in detail the building to be rehabilitated, as well as its original constructive solutions and materials.This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign on samples of air lime-based laying and coating mortars, extracted from an old masonry building in the historic center of Lisbon, built in 1910, during the rehabilitation works. The different parameters analyzed allow for the composition characterization and evaluation of their mechanical, physical and chemical properties. Based on this characterization, the influence of these mortars on the overall behavior of load-bearing walls of buildings belonging to the typology under study is also evaluated.Considering the results obtained in the characterization tests for the mortars in study, it was verified that the binder used in both mortars was air lime. The values for compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and the curves obtained in the capillarity and drying tests, are also compatible with this type of mortars. It was determined that the mortars are similar in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics, to Portuguese mortars studied in current buildings of the same historical period. This type of information is crucial in a structural analysis and allows to identify materials compatible with the original ones that can be used in rehabilitation interventions.
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
15p..
Autor(es): Candeias, P.; Ferreira, J.; Santos Silva, A.; Veiga, M. R.; Mera Marques, A.
Revista: Conservation and Restoration of Historic Mortars and Masonry Structures
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Characterization tests; Air lime mortars; Structural brick masonry walls; Ancient buildings; Conservation and rehabilitation
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Blue economy (sustainability)
Although no specific definition is designated for this term, this concept has been previously defined based on the field of application and utilization. The blue economy refers to the sustainable utilization of ocean and coastal resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and job creation while preserving the health of marine ecosystems. It is also regarded as an economic concept encompassing various economic activities in the ocean and coastal area, including traditional activities such as fishing, shipping, and shipbuilding, as well as newer activities such as offshorewind and wave energy, ocean-based aquaculture,and marine biotechnology. It is defined as the range of economic activities in the coastal zone and on the ocean, including shipping, fishing, oil and gas extraction, tourism, and renewable energy production. Generally, the blue economy mainly focuses on the responsible extraction and utilization of marine resources required to enhance ocean-based economies while adopting more balanced conservation measures to ensure resource sustainability.
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
9p.
Autor(es): Oloko, A.; Afolabi, S.; Moruf, R.; Ramalho, D.; Oladosu, A.; Oliveira, A.; Godfrey, S.; Jolaoho, T; Jimoh, A.; Akintola, S.; Elegbede, I.
Revista: Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Ocean sustainability; Ocean economy; Blue growth; Bioeconomy
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Case Study of an Inert Steel Aggregate in Road Construction: Characterization and Monitoring of the Structural Behaviour
The use of alternative materials, in particular industrial by-products and waste materials, in the construction oftransport infrastructures and geotechnical works, has been promoted across the world. Nonetheless, considering that, in most situations, the application of some of these materials is fairly recent, little information is available on the long-term performance of the infrastructures in which they were used. This work mentions some characteristics of the Inert Steel Aggregate for Construction (ISAC). It presents some results related to the evolution in the surface characteristics and the structural behaviour of a field trial built on a road section in Portugal. ISAC was used in the embankments and pavement layers. The visual inspection, the results of the mechanical tests performed, and the values of the settlements measured on the surface markings about ten years after the section is open to traffic led to conclude that the pavement in the zone where ISAC was used as a construction material is, in general, in a better condition and presents better structural performance than the adjacent areas built with natural materials. The embankment's maximum settlements in the areas with ISAC were similar to the ones observed in the adjacent areas.
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
5p.
Autor(es): Gomes Correia, A.; Roque, A. J.; Fortunato, E.
Revista: Advances in Geoengineering, Geotechnologies, and Geoenvironment for Earth Systems and Sustainable Georesources Management
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Long-term performance; Structural behaviour; Mechanical properties; Inert Steel Aggregate for Construction (ISAC)
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CDW as sources of CO2 absorption
Cementitious materials have a considerable global warming footprint. This is due mainly tothe cement incorporated. For a tonne of cement produced other 800 kg of CO2 [1] are releasedinto the atmosphere.According to the European Sustainable Development Goals, cement industry should becomecarbon neutral by 2050. To meet this goal, the European Cement Association (Cembureau)developed a Roadmap with specific guidelines by 2050 based on five approaches (5C). Thefirst four are focused on improvements in clinker production, cement formulation,construction processes and concrete formulations. The last 5C is re-carbonation of thecementitious materials.This research investigates the CO2 absorption capability of recycled aggregates (RA) fromconstruction and demolition wastes (CDW), when submitted to a forced carbonation. It isknown that CDW still have some potential to CO2 capture, which is a long-term and securecarbon storage. For that purpose, several CDW were collected from recycling plants, fromselective demolitions and from concrete plants.It was concluded that RA when submitted to forced carbonation absorb between 47 to 315 kgof CO2 per tonne of cement paste, which has a potential to meet the re-carbonation targetsestablished by the roadmaps to carbon neutrality.
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
243-257pp..
Autor(es): Martins, I. M.; Santos Silva, A.; Veiga, M. R.; Infante Gomes, R.; Bastos, D.; Pederneiras, C.; Farinha, C.
Revista: Proceedings of the V International Conference Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment
Editor: RILEM
Volume:
RILEM Proceedings PRO 137.
Keywords: Recycled aggregates; Forced carbonation; CO2 absorption; CDW
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Chapter 5 Discrete Element Modeling
This chapter consists of two parts. First a general overview is given: the exact definition of the Discrete Element Method is provided, and the main types of existing models are introduced; then the theoretical fundaments of the most important approaches available today for masonry analysis are given. The second part of the chapter focuses on 3DEC, the most widespread commercial DEM code for masonry analysis. This second part begins with a theoretical overview. Application issues for masonry structures are then considered (block material behaviour, contact representation, structural elements like cables or bars etc.). Among the practical examples arches, barrel vaults, walls, coloumns and complete structures (like houses) are presented, including the issues of quasi-static versus dynamic analysis and of block fracture as well. The readers can find helpful advice on how to simulate their own problems most effectively.
Ano: 2023
Autor(es): Bagi, K.; Lemos, J. V.
Revista: Discrete Computational Mechanics of Masonry Structures
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Masonry models
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Characterization of mortars and concretes from the Mirante da Quinta da Azeda, Setúbal (Portugal). A case study from the beginning of the 20th century
The Mirante da Quinta da Azeda, in Setúbal (Portugal), is a peculiar observation tower built in the early 20th century, and one of the first examples in which reinforced concrete was applied in Portugal. It has an unusual architectural configuration, displaying elements of great slenderness. In the scope of the CemRestore research project - Mortars for the conservation of early 20th century buildings: compatibility and sustainability, several mortar and concrete samples were collected from this structure and were characterized using a combination of mineralogical, microstructural, physical, and mechanical techniques, including XRD, petrography, SEM-EDS, open porosity, capillarity coefficient, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse testing. In this paper, the main characterization results are presented and discussed. The results show that all structural and decorative samples are made with Portland cement, while one rendering mortar is lime-based. The sand is mostly siliceous whereas pebbles and crushed limestone can be found as coarse aggregates in concrete samples. This characterization allows for broadening the scientific knowledge about the materials of that period used in Portugal, also enabling the establishment of the requirements to be met by mortars and concrete to be used in the repair of this distinct structure.
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
243-257pp..
Autor(es): Velosa, A.; Veiga, M. R.; Santos Silva, A.; Lopes dos Santos, A. R.; Almeida, L.
Revista: Conservation and Restoration of Historic Mortars and Masonry Structures
Editor: Springer
Keywords: Portugal; Characterization; Concrete; Mortar; 20th century
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Controlling organic micropollutants in urban (waste) water treatment by activated carbon adsorption and membrane technology.
The number of climate-related disasters has progressively increased in the last two decades and this trend will drastically exacerbate in the medium- and long-term horizons according to climate change projections. In this framework, through a multi-disciplinary team and a strong background acquired in recent projects, ICARIA aims to promote the use of asset-level modeling to achieve a better understanding of climate related tangible direct and indirect impacts on critical assets due to complex, cascading, and compound disasters. Furthermore, it takes into account the related risk reduction provided by suitable, sustainable, and cost-effective adaptation solutions. ICARIA focuses on both (i) critical assets and services that were not designed for potential climate change-related impacts that can increase the unplanned outages and failures, and (ii) on housing, natural areas, and population. Cutting edge methods regarding climate scenario building, asset-level-coupled models, and multi-risk assessment approaches will be implemented and replicated in three EU regions to understand how future climate scenarios might affect critical assets and to provide decision-making support tools to private and public risk owners to assess the costs and benefits of various adaptation solutions.
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
141-180pp,.
Autor(es): Viegas, R.M. C.; Mesquita, E.; Silva, C.; Campinas, M.; Rosa, M. J.
Editor: IWA
Keywords: Compound events; Asset modeling; Cascading effects; Climate resilience; Critical assets
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Decision Systems to Support Cost-Benefit Analysis Toward Railway Infrastructures Sustainable Rehabilitation
The role of public transport in sustainable urban development is recognized and promoted to mitigate climate change and improve mobility. The railway infrastructure has specific constraints that lead to the need of maximizing of the availability of infrastructure, with high levels of safety and quality, associated with an optimized cost. Following EU decisions, it is urgent to carry studies to support investment projects in different areas. The use of methodologies based on cost-benefit analysis (CBA) contribute positively to support decisions. The expansion of light-rail transit (LRT) systems in recent decades is due, among numerous factors, the fact that they are non-polluting systems, benefiting the urban environment, as they are safe and reliable and, through channel segregation, guarantee fast urban routes, avoiding congestion. The LRT can be a fundamental tool in a movement to revalue the centers and may represent an important element for the urban regeneration. The analysis presented in the paper highlights the need to take advantage of the high transport capacity ensured by the railway service essentially in commuting to Lisbon in view of the existing quadruplication of the railway line between Póvoa and Lisbon, based in a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The solution presented aims to promote the most sustainable mobility patterns
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
32p..
Autor(es): Fontul, S.; Salvado, A.; Couto, P.; Falcão Silva, M. J.
Revista: Automation in Construction through Resilience: Robotics, Smart Materials & Intelligent Systems
Editor: CRC Press (Taylor & Francis)
Volume:
chp 13.
Keywords: railway; LRT; EU decisions; optimized cost; urban development; sustainable; Public tranports
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Espaço público urbano: que futuro?
As praças de uma cidade são espaços públicos consagrados historicamente à vida coletiva. Nesta publicação estão reunidos artigos que têm algumas importantes praças da área central da cidade do Rio de Janeiro como tema de estudo. As praças são analisadas a partir de suas dimensões material e simbólica, como produtos de ações que perpassam vários projetos para o espaço público. São destacadas as praças XV de novembro; Tiradentes; Mauá e Onze -esta última, já não mais existente fisicamente. As praças, portanto, se afirmam como estruturas espaciais de destaque no ambiente construído e como lugar para a representação da memória em tempos de constantes transformações. - The city's squares are public spaces historically dedicated to collective life. This publication brings together articles that have some important squares in the central area of the city of Rio de Janeiro as their subject of study. The squares are analyzed from their material and symbolic dimensions, as products of actions that permeate various projects for public space. There are highlighted the squares XV de Novembro; Tiradentes, Mauá and Onze - the latter, no longer physically existing. The squares, therefore, assert themselves as prominent spatial structures in the built environment and as a place for the representation of memory in times of constant transformation
Ano: 2023
Número Páginas:
198-203pp..
Autor(es): Menezes, M.
Revista: Praças da cidade: a área central do Rio de Janeiro.
Editor: Editora UFJF
Keywords: History; Urbanism; Squares; Rio de Janeiro (RJ); História; Praças Urbanismo
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