Capítulos de livros

The WADI project (Water-tightness Airborne Detection Implementation), integrated within the H2020 initiative, is developing an airborne water leak detection surveillance service, based on manned and unmanned aerial vehicles. This service aims to provide water utilities with adequate information on leaks in large water distribution infrastructures outside urban areas. Given the high cost associated with water infrastructure networks repairs, a reliability layer is necessary to improve the trustworthiness of the WADI leak identification procedure, based on complementary technologies for leak detection. Herein, a methodology based on the combined use of Sentinel remote sensing data and a water leak pathways model is presented, based on data-intensive computing. The resulting water leak detection reliability service, provided to the users through a web interface, targets prompt and cost-effective infrastructure repairs with the required degree of confidence on the detected leaks. The web platform allows for both data analysis and visualization of Sentinel images and relevant leak indicators at the sites selected by the user. The user can also provide aerial imagery inputs, to be processed together with Sentinel remote sensing data at the satellite acquisition dates identified by the user. The platform provides information about the detected leaks location and time evolution, and will be linked in the future with the outputs from water pathway models

The chapter considers the link between urban transformations in the Mouraria neighbourhood in Lisbon and the digital environment.The guiding thread of reflection is based on the tension between the production of sociocultural symbolic local references, and their (dis)appropriation by a creative economy that, relying on digital as a resource, helps to reshape the sociocultural local world into marketing. It concludes that digital has, not only a tangible social dimension, but also a tangible dimension in the processes of urban transformation. As such, it is pertinent to create alternative ways in defence of the right to the city that economize the social and its imageries taking more advantage of the articulated combination between real-digital.

Coastal forecast systems provide coastal managers with accurate and timely hydrodynamic predictions, supporting multiple uses such as navigation, water monitoring, port operations and dredging activities. They are also useful to support recreational activities. Still, the widespread use of coastal forecasts is limited by the unavailability of open forecasts for consultation, the expertise needed to build operational forecast systems and the human and computational resources required to maintain them in operation every day. A new service for the generic deployment of forecast systems at user-specified locations was developed to address these limitations. Denoted OPENCoastS, this service builds circulation forecast systems for user-selected coastal areas and maintains them in operation using the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) computational resources. OPENCoastS can be applied to any coastal region and has been in operation since 2018, forced by several regional and global forecasts of the atmospheric and ocean dynamics. It has attracted over 150 users from around 45 institutions across the globe. However, most users come from research institutions. The only requirement needed to use this service – a computational grid of the domain of interest – has proven difficult to obtain by most coastal managers. Herein, a new way to bring coastal managers and the general public to the OPENCoastS community is proposed. By creating an open, scalable and organized repository of computational grids, shared by expert coastal modelers across the globe, the benefits from the use of OPENCoastS can now be extended to all coastal actors

This chapter is concerned with how digital technologies are changing habits, expectations and motivations in the use of public open spaces. These digital developments are a societal challenge with reflections on social practices and, on planning and design approaches to public spaces. This might also challenge the future development of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The discussion in this Chapter is based on knowledge and experience exchanges carried out within the COST Action CyberParks. The leading issue of CyberParks is how to use ICTs to transform our cities into more human environments, rather than just more high-tech places, and to understand that “smartness” should be people friendly. Through the structure of the project, the importance of comprehensive and trans-disciplinary development is introduced and justified. A theoretical approach and frameworks from ethnographic and technological perspectives that help us to better understand (potential) interactions are being developed, and both are at the centre of this discussion.

The aim of this chapter is to discuss the production of mediated public open spaces by investigating the impact of ICTs in a participation process, and from this discussion to develop arguments to base a theory on co-creating a cyberpark. It focuses on how digital interconnectivity, through its potential for engaging potential users, gives rise to new forms of agency in the design of public spaces.The conceptual framework is backed by the COST-Action Cyberparks, and the Project Flussbad, both tackle the reflection of the proliferation of ICT-related media in public open spaces.

UBEST aims at improving the global understanding of present and future biogeochemical buffering capacity of estuaries through the development of Observatories, computational web-portals that integrate field observation and real-time MPI (Message Passing Interface) numerical simulations. HPC (High- Performance Computing) is applied in Observatories to serve both on-the-fly frontend user requests for multiple spatial analyses and to speed up backend’s forecast hydrodynamic and ecological simulations based on unstructured grids. Backend simulations are performed using the open-source SCHISM (Semi- implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model). Python pro- gramming language will be used in this project to automate the MPI simulations and the web-portal in Django.

Water scarcity episodes are being experienced in many parts of the Mediterranean Basin as a result of changes in rainfall intensity and duration, causing more intense extreme events, like droughts and river floods. Adaptive and innovative water management strategies, such as the storage of reclaimed water or excess water from different sources in Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) schemes, can greatly increase the groundwater availability and therefore help addressing water scarcity challenges. Besides, water quality can be improved during transport of the infiltrated water through the unsaturated and saturated zone, together with Soil-Aquifer-Treatment (SAT) systems, due to chemical and biological reactions, linking water reclamation, water reuse, and water resources management (González et al., 2015). This paper presents the results of a DEMO scale experiment made in S. Bartolomeu de Messines (SBM) Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP), where SAT basin systems were built. The SAT systems aimed to improve the treated effluent water quality prior to its discharge in Ribeiro Meirinho, that later infiltrates in an important karstic aquifer along the river influent sections. The water quality enhancement was obtained using the soil's ability to reduce the concentrations of contaminants, namely pharmaceutical compounds and nutrients, through natural processes (e.g. particle retention, adsorption and biodegradation). Prior to this, soil-column experiments were conducted aiming to reproduce optimal SAT conditions using different soil mixtures as depuration media (Martins, 2016; Martins et al., 2016). The soil physico-chemical conditions were optimized in terms of permeability, organic matter content, and aerobic / anaerobic conditions. The results obtained showed an improvement of water infiltrated through SAT, for several pharmaceuticals and nutrients. This research was carried out under MARSOL project (Demonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought), whose main objective was to demonstrate that MAR is a sound, safe and sustainable strategy that can be applied with great confidence and therefore offering a key approach for tackling water scarcity in Southern Europe.

This paper presents an overview of research carried out to assess the bonding suitability of Portuguese timbers. Most work developed in the last decades has focused Maritime pine timber, due to its traditional use in building construction, good mechanical properties and availability. Untreated, as well as preservative treated Maritime pine have been studied, as its impregnability allows deep treatment suitable for applications in Use Classes 3 and 4. Recent results on bonding preservative treated Maritime pine wood are discussed. Preliminary results regarding other species that are becoming available in the Portuguese market are also presented, as an attempt to reduce pressure on Maritime pine timber as well as to seek more valuable alternatives for their traditional uses.

The importance of sustainable urban mobility plans is widely recognized by local and regional authorities across Europe. Technological innovation opportunities such as those offered by current and future ICT can contribute for cities to advance towards sustainable mobility and accessibility for inclusive public spaces. This article is built on an innovative living lab experience of the Intermunicipal Community of the Algarve (AMAL), the regional transport authority, scientifically supported by the LNEC, in Portugal, that comprised the development of the designated “Actions Plans for Sustainable Urban Mobility” (PAMUS) for a network of sixteen cities. Following the Regional Operational Program 2014-2020, these plans were “to support the transition for a low carbon economy in all sectors”, including mobility and transport. Inspired by best practices in Europe, the development of the regional PAMUS included several interconnected components: an integrated approach for the development of the plans that included a collaborative platform of stakeholders, a formal commitment signed by all Mayors to work together towards sustainable mobility goals, a communication strategy to the public, the development of a technological component (app VAMUS) and the acquisition of real-time cycling data using the STRAVA interface. This article is focusing on the potential benefits related to using the technological component of the PAMUS - the app VAMUS which means “we go together” (towards sustainable mobility goals). The app is currently available for two major mobile platforms (iOS and Android) and it provides information on the available public transport options and their connectivity along with other indicators as an incentive for users to choose more sustainable travel options. The PAMUS effort emerges as a disruptive approach to trigger behavioral changes for more cycling and walking (instead of car), leading to enhancing public space and quality of life objectives such as social inclusion and low carbon mobility.