Capítulos de livros

Urban water services make use of extensive networked infrastructures - water supply and drainage systems. Efficient management of these services relies on the quality of measurements of hydraulic variables in pipes and sewers to support robust analysis of systems

Urban water services make use of extensive networked infrastructures

The flow through an eroding dam is three-dimensional and exhibits several length scales. Laboratory experiments are fundamental to characterize these flows. Instrumentation and monitoring techniques in laboratory environ-ment must be able to capture this complexity and scale amplitude and should be, preferentially, non-intrusive, particularly if the failure event is related with earth dams, where erosion patterns may be affected by instrument intrusiveness. Re-garding embankment dam failures, the processes usually subjected to great scru-tiny require the measurement of the breach effluent flow (BEF), the breach mor-phological evolution (through longitudinal and transversal profiles as well as 3D reconstructions) and the flow velocity over the dam and through the breach. This chapter presents advances in instrumentation to be deployed in dam breach la-boratory tests and novel measuring methods made possible with such instrumen-tation. Emphasis is placed on the description of the critical components of the instruments, with emphasis on digital imagery, and on image analysis and post-processing techniques. A detailed exposition of existent methods, and respective evaluation of its suitability in the context of laboratory work, is presented.

Railway tracks may be perceived as simple physical structures, but in fact they entail a significant level of complexity as refers to the assessment and prediction of their transient and long-term behaviors. These mostly result from the intrinsic characteristics of their components and of the dynamic interaction with the suc-cessive passing trains at different speeds and with different loading characteris-tics. The railway industry

Nowadays, organizations are embracing digital transformation, investingin the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) toolsand solutions. Advanced ICT technologies converge with operations technologies(OT), allowing machines, processes, employees, and products to be part ofa single data framework, from data collection to analysis, interpretation, and assessment,which are the foundation for informed decision-making. Industry 4.0takes advantage of emergent ICT to make the right decisions, at the right time,optimizing processes, minimizing risks and improving value chains. The mainaim of the structural safety assessment and control of critical infrastructures, suchas dams and bridges, is to protect people, property and the environment fromharmful effects of failure or misoperation of infrastructures. This goal is achievedthrough Structural Health Monitoring and Control (SHMC) activities to monitorand track the life-cycle of critical infrastructures in such a way that it can providesufficient information for long- and short-term decisions regarding structuralsafety assessment. The objective of this work is to present a reflection of the impactof the industry 4.0 trends on the structural safety assessment of critical infrastructuresand, more specifically, to understand the level of maturity and toshow how the leveraging of enabling technologies such as augmented reality,Internet of Things (IoT), additive manufacturing, cloud computing, big data andanalytics are impacting the SHMC activities on critical infrastructures, which aretraditional cyber-physical systems with complex sensor networks used to assessand control structural safety and health.

Neste capítulo descrevem-se sumariamente várias aplicações de modelos de escolha discreta em estudos de investigação em transportes e mobilidade urbana, compreendendo modelos do tipo

Neste capítulo descrevem-se sumariamente várias aplicações de modelos de escolha discreta em estudos de investigação em transportes e mobilidade urbana, compreendendo modelos do tipo

The Lisbon Living Lab will be centred on teenagers (young people 13 to 17 years of age) as they are a particular age group with specific needs and interests on public spaces, the relationship between teens and public spaces is very intrinsic, as public spaces may serve as a fundamental (play)ground for teenagers’ development. The Lisbon’s Alvalade neighbourhood will be living lab to explore how teenagers use and behaviour in urban fabric and what are they needs and preferences on public open spaces. The main objective is to engage teenagers in a process of the co-creation of urban spaces, by exploring the leading research question: “How can we capitalise on teenagers’ new-found love of the wired life (Thomas, 2013) to encourage them to be more outdoors?”

A via férrea balastrada é uma estrutura relativamente simples, mas exibe um comportamento complexo, nomeadamente devido às distintas solicitações dinâmicas a que está sujeita, e à forma como se comportam e interagem os seus diversos elementos. O método dos elementos finitos é particularmente adequado à análise do funcionamento destas estruturas, possibilitando a modelação das ações e a utilização de modelos constitutivos avançados para os diversos materiais que constituem o sistema, permitindo considerar a variação das características físicas e geométricas no espaço. Neste capítulo descreve-se e demonstra-se a aplicação de uma ferramenta de modelação numérica tridimensional, concebida especificamente para o cálculo da resposta dinâmica da via-férrea, cujo desenvolvimento, ao longo dos últimos anos, tem tido a contribuição dos autores. Para além da apresentação e validação da ferramenta de modelação, são apresentados estudos relativos à análise do comportamento da via em situações particulares.

O tempo decorrido (ou a distância percorrida) até à ocorrência de um evento, ou a duração do mesmo, podem ser analisados através de modelos de duração baseados em risco (hazard-based duration models), os quais têm sido amplamente utilizados em campos como a medicina, as ciências sociais e a engenharia industrial. Contudo, são relativamente escassos os estudos que aplicaram modelos de duração à engenharia de transportes.Este capítulo inclui dois exemplos de aplicação de modelos de duração à investigação em engenharia de transportes. O primeiro diz respeito às distâncias percorridas por veículos descontrolados em despistes ocorridos na Carolina do Norte (E.U.A.). O segundo refere-se ao tempo decorrido até à transferência modal nas deslocações para a escola de um conjunto de alunos de 162 turmas de 51 escolas do ensino básico em Portugal.