Artigos de Revista

Depois de uma reflexão introdutória sobre as tipologias da arrumação doméstica, o artigo avança para a abordagem da arrumação na cozinha, considerada, de certa forma, estruturadora ou harmonizadora de toda a arrumação doméstica, abordando-se, em seguida, a arrumação, dita, “geral” e concluindo-se com algumas reflexões complementares sobre a arrumação nos quartos.

This paper describes a shake table test on a one-storey full-scale unreinforced masonry structure, which complements an earlier testing of a two-storey structure with similar characteristics. The building specimen was meant to represent the upper floors of the end-unit of a terraced house, built with cavity walls and without any particular seismic design or detailing. In these specimens, the masonry walls were composed of two leaves: a load-bearing inner one made of calcium silicate bricks sustaining a reinforced concrete floor and an external leaf made of clay-bricks connected to the inner leaf by means of metallic ties. A pitched timber roof was supported by two triangular gable walls. Floor acceleration response histories of the previously tested two-storey specimen were used as input motions. An incremental dynamic test, with vertical and horizontal inputs, was carried out up to the explicit collapse of some bearing elements of the structure. In particular, a two-way bending out-of-plane collapse of a load-bearing wall was observed and described.

O artigo desenvolve uma reflexão inicial sobre o interesse de podermos usar, atualmente, modelos de projeto de arquitetura urbana integrados, em termos de edifícios e espaços urbanos, em soluções com escala humana expressiva, adequada capacidade pedonal, muito variadas e estruturadas por sequências de vistas, que incentivem a deslocação e a paragem eventual; desenvolve-se, também uma comparação genérica entre este tipo de soluções e o tecido urbano vivo que podemos experimentar nos bairros históricos e conclui-se com uma série de desenhos comentados de acordo com esta temática.

The current study aims at economic asset valuation of water and wastewater infrastructures to prioritize rehabilitation interventions using the infrastructure value index (IVI) as a key performance indicator. The proposed methodology follows a three-step procedure: (1) identification, characterization and site inspection of existing assets; (2) estimation of the current replacement cost and the current value; and (3) establishment of the priority needs. Data from a utility in the Algarve region of Portugal are used as a case study. The specific objectives are to illustrate the methodology and highlight the inherent challenges and complexities associated with economic asset valuation. Results include the IVI calculation for different assets using scenarios of service lives. Different strategic interventions of rehabilitation in the long term were studied, allowing to assess the evolution of IVI, rehabilitation cost and increased risk assets. Asset valuation is important to establish short-term rehabilitation priorities and to analyse long-term strategies of rehabilitation.

Aborda-se a temática do projeto dos vãos de porta em relação com a matéria da qualidade arquitectónica interior, iniciando-se o artigo com uma abordagem mais genérica dos vãos de porta, seguindo-se as matérias específicas associadas às portas principais e, depois, às portas interiores da habitação.

Sheds roof is a natural ventilation strategy that presents roof openings working as air collectors or extractors. A detailed review of the literature indicates a lack of research analyzing the impact of different sheds roof shapes and roof configurations on natural ventilation potential. his paper aims to evaluate the impact of changes in distance and alignment between wind catcher and leeward sheds roof. The methodology was Computational Fluid Dynamics (FCD) simulation. tests were performed in a atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel on a 1:15 scale model to evaluate the accuracy of CFD simulations in different design configurations of sheds roof. The analysis showed that CFD simulations are generaly in good agreement with the wind tunnel tests. The difference between the most o the monitored points in the two tools used had errors below 10%. besides this, the results show that changes in alignment of the sheds and increasing distance between them decrease and increase the internal airflow to the leeward and windward sheds of the roof, respectively. In the first case it is due to the reduction in the sheds openings area. In the second these changes turn the sheds more effective in the air capture.

Over the last 50 years, a significant amount of effort has been taken to develop numerical approaches and tools for the structural analysis of masonry. These range from considering masonry as an anisotropic continuum (macro-models) to the more detailed ones considering masonry as an assemblage of units and joints (micro-models). In this paper, a detailed micro-modelling approach for the analysis of masonry couplets and prisms is proposed. The approach represents masonry units and mortar joints as an assemblage of densely packed discrete irregular deformable particles bonded together by zero thickness interface laws. The mechanical properties (here referred to as micro-properties) of irregular particles and contacts are responsible for the mechanical behaviour of masonry. In addition, the approach allows failure to occur either at the brick, mortar and/or brick/mortar interface. A series of computational models were developed and their results are compared against small-scale experimental findings. A good agreement between the experimental and the numerical results was obtained which demonstrates the huge potential of the modelling approach proposed. The significant advantage of this approach is to model cracking as a real discontinuity among particles and not as a modification in the material properties. In addition, reliable prediction of masonry strength can allow one to reduce the costly and timely experimental testing and avoid the reliance on conservative empirical formulas.

Está em curso um projeto de geminação a cargo de um consórcio franco-português, ao abrigo do Acordo de Associação Argélia-UE, que tem por objetivo prestar apoio ao "Organisme National de Contrôle Technique des Travaux Publics" (CTTP) argelino na implementação de um sistema de suporte à decisão para a gestão da rede de estradas e das obras de arte rodoviárias. Neste artigo pretende-se dar a conhecer sumariamente os principais aspetos desta interessante cooperação científica e técnica internacional, em que Portugal é representado pelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC).

This paper describes a methodology to determine the optimal size of a Wells turbine to be used in an OWC device taking into account hydro-aerodynamic coupling, performance curves of the turbine and air pressure control by a relief valve. The proposed model, named turbine diameter optimization (TDO) model, considers the movement of the water surface inside the OWC chamber as a piston movement in response to the hydrodynamic forces from the incoming waves. The aerodynamic is based on the first law of thermodynamics applied to the air column of the chamber. The power-pressure curve of the turbine and the air pressure control by relief valve are implemented in the model to determine the turbine power output for several regular incident waves. The TDO model is initially calibrated by a numerical model based on Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for each wave component of an expected sea state distribution. Thereafter, the power output generated by turbines of several sizes is calculated with lower computational cost (few minutes) in comparison with RANS based models (thousands of hours) in a personal computer. This developed methodology is an important support to the process of turbine sizing for an OWC device for an expected sea state distribution.

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can be affected by many risks. Those risks are related to different technical and non-technical aspects of recharge, like water availability, water quality, legislation, social issues, etc. Many other works have acknowledged risks of this nature theoretically; however, their quanti?cation and de?nition has not been developed. In this study, the risk de?nition and quanti?cation has been performed by means of “fault trees” and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). We de?ned a fault tree with 65 basic events applicable to the operation phase. After that, we have applied this methodology to six different managed aquifer recharge sites located in the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, and Israel). The probabilities of the basic events were de?ned by expert criteria, based on the knowledge of the different managers of the facilities. From that, we conclude that in all sites, the perception of the expert criteria of the non-technical aspects were as much or even more important than the technical aspects. Regarding the risk results, we observe that the total risk in three of the six sites was equal to or above 0.90. That would mean that the MAR facilities have a risk of failure equal to or higher than 90% in the period of 2–6 years. The other three sites presented lower risks (75, 29, and 18% for Malta, Menashe, and Serchio, respectively).