Artigos de Revista

The increasing demand for the development and expansion of transport infrastructuresrequires alternative solutions that are economically and environmentally viable to providethe necessary raw materials. Transport infrastructures consume a large amount of naturalaggregates; however, from a circular economy perspective, industrial by-products can effec-tively replace these materials. This avoids the environmental impacts associated with the ex-traction of natural raw materials and simultaneously provides a destination for the industrialby-products. For this purpose, it is important to evaluate if existing standards and technicalrequirements that were developed for natural aggregates are suitable for industrial by-prod-ucts. This review study is focused on slags from steelmaking process in electric arc furnaces,which are generally of two types: oxidizing (black colored) and reducing (lighter colored), spe-cifically addressing the requirements of these materials for the granular layers of transportinfrastructures. The chemical composition of the slags is analyzed as well as its physicaland mechanical characteristics, swelling behavior, and leachate content, discussing testing pro-cedures and technical specifications.

To reach European climate neutrality by 2050, the strategic importance of retrofitting the existing building stock is clear. For this scope, thermal rendering systems have emerged as a very feasible solution for historic and traditionally constructed walls. Nonetheless, a definitive guideline for the selection of suitable solutions for the application in this context is not yet available. This research aims at providing recommendations for the choice of hygric-compatible solutions in an early-stage design, for the context of temperate climates with mild winters. In this study, the massive masonry walls of three historic buildings located in Portugal and Italy are considered. Mono-dimensional hygrothermal simulations are validated against the data measured on-site. Simulations are then used to evaluate the impact of thermal renders on the walls, in comparison to more common insulation materials. Two moisture-related risks are considered: moisture accumulation and reduction of drying. This investigation shows that, for traditional porous walls, retrofitted configurations should be simulated not only under typical operational conditions but also considering a very high initial water content in the wall substrate, when the insulation is applied. Otherwise, moisture-related risks may be overlooked. Recommendations on the choice of thermal rendering systems are provided.

Depois de se apresentarem algumas notas introdutórias ao presente conjunto de artigos sobre habitação intergeracional avança-se para a temática direcionada para o privilegiar do desenvolvimento de tipologias residenciais etariamente dirigidas, repartindo-se a matéria em duas partes: uma delas ligada à renovação tipológica residencial numa fase tardia da nossa vida e a outra ao desenvolvimento de tipologias e soluções para habitações amigas dos idosos, numa reflexão ainda de enquadramento.A primeira parte aborda sequencialmente a questão do como habitar melhor numa fase tardia da nossa vida e, depois a relação entre a renovação tipológica habitacional e a atual

Depois de se apresentarem algumas notas introdutórias ao presente conjunto de artigos sobre habitação intergeracional avança-se na matéria das respetivas tipologias residenciais, agora, de uma forma mais ligada à prática, iniciando-se, especificamente, o artigo com uma abordagem de soluções mais correntes e naturais de intergeracionalidade residencial, neste caso referidas à prática da coabitação, seguindo-se um avanço nas soluções de

The identification of the main degradation agents and knowledge of the degradation mechanisms and long-term performance of ETICSs are of fundamental importance for the sustainable and efficient use of these systems. This review article presents the state of the art related to the durability of ETICSs, defining the required bases for their sustainable and efficient use. The aim is to identify the most common anomalies detected on ETICS façades and their causes, to overview the performance of ETICS, their performance parameters and requirements and to identify the most significant degradation mechanisms and the related failure modes. The results show that ETICS application is a key aspect in the performance and durability of the system, since most of the anomalies can be prevented with proper design, execution and appropriate assembly of the system components. The greatest drawbacks lie in dealing with enhancing the water resistance over time, which leads to extensive cases of anomalies, and improving the mechanical and thermal performance during the life cycle. Further research is needed to evaluate the synergistic effect of several degradation agents and mechanisms toward a development in optimized durability assessment methodologies for ETICSs.

The identification of the main degradation agents and knowledge of the degradation mechanisms and long-term performance of ETICSs are of fundamental importance for the sustainable and efficient use of these systems. This review article presents the state of the art related to the durability of ETICSs, defining the required bases for their sustainable and efficient use. The aim is to identify the most common anomalies detected on ETICS façades and their causes, to overview the performance of ETICS, their performance parameters and requirements and to identify the most significant degradation mechanisms and the related failure modes. The results show that ETICS application is a key aspect in the performance and durability of the system, since most of the anomalies can be prevented with proper design, execution and appropriate assembly of the system components. The greatest drawbacks lie in dealing with enhancing the water resistance over time, which leads to extensive cases of anomalies, and improving the mechanical and thermal performance during the life cycle. Further research is needed to evaluate the synergistic effect of several degradation agents and mechanisms toward a development in optimized durability assessment methodologies for ETICSs.

Few scientific publications discuss the vision of the water-smart society. Our paper addresses this gap, outlining key principles of urban water

Major strategic investments in infrastructures and equipment across four different areas have been outlined by the National Investments' Program (PNI 2030) in Portugal. This paper is built on the environmental assessment study of the PNI 2030 and focus on its key methodological contributions and policy recommendations addressing the transport and mobility area that represents around 52% of the total investment. One innovative feature of the study is the multi-level system of indicators' framework developed to assess and monitor impacts along time, within the scope of the five "Critical Decision Factors", namely "Climate change and energy transition for decarbonisation", "Territorial cohesion,mobility and accessibility", "Competitiveness and innovation". Finally,the set of policy recommendations to promote a better incorporation of environmental and sustainability issues are outlined.

Buildings with reinforced concrete structure (RCS buildings), including unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls, can be negatively affected by anomalies in their envelope, such as cracking and water penetration, which worsen the aesthetic aspect and reduce the safety and level of comfort of those buildings. To access the relevance of these anomalies and their evolution along service life, a corresponding survey and monitoring during service life are essential. Non-destructive test methods (NDT), in particular ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing, are currently used in that survey and monitoring. In the context of monitoring the degradation of the URM infill walls and access their impact on the durability of the RCS building envelope, UPV testing can be a type of NDT method to be used, considering that it can contribute to the evaluation of the state of conservation of the construction elements, such as masonry and concrete. It is intended here to access the potential use of UPV testing in the monitoring of anomalies related to the degradation of building facades due, particularly, to cracking and to water penetration associated with WDR (wind driven-rain). The preliminary assessment of the use of UPV testing is made through the previous analysis of the results of the application of UPV testing for the detection of sub-surface and surface cracking in compression tests of masonry specimens. Following that analysis, an evaluation is made of the conditioning aspects of the use of UPV testing to access durability problems of the building envelope. Particularly, the main characteristics of cracking with interest for the assessment of the potential use of UPV testing are generally discussed. And, finally, an evaluation is made of the risk of water penetration through the cracks, for potential use of UPV testing in monitoring the presence of humidity in the cracks.

Buildings with reinforced concrete structure (RCS buildings), including unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls, can be negatively affected by anomalies in their envelope, such as cracking and water penetration, which worsen the aesthetic aspect and reduce the safety and level of comfort of those buildings. Toaccess the relevance of these anomalies and their evolution along service life, a corresponding survey andmonitoring during service life are essential. Non-destructive test methods (NDT), in particular ultrasonic pulsevelocity (UPV) testing, are currently used in that survey and monitoring. In the context of monitoring thedegradation of the URM infill walls and access their impact on the durability of the RCS building envelope,UPV testing can be a type of NDT method to be used, considering that it can contribute to the evaluation of the state of conservation of the construction elements, such as masonry and concrete.It is intended here to access the potential use of UPV testing in the monitoring of anomalies related to thedegradation of building facades due, particularly, to cracking and to water penetration associated with WDR(wind driven-rain). The preliminary assessment of the use of UPV testing is made through the previous analysis of the results of the application of UPV testing for the detection of sub-surface and surface cracking in compression tests of masonry specimens. Following that analysis, an evaluation is made of the conditioning aspects of the use of UPV testing to access durability problems of the building envelope. Particularly, the main characteristics of cracking with interest for the assessment of the potential use of UPV testing are generally discussed. And, finally, an evaluation is made of the risk of water penetration through the cracks, for potential use of UPV testing in monitoring the presence of humidity in the cracks.