Artigos de Revista

As afluências indevidas são identificadas como um dos principais problemas dos sistemas de águas residuais e pluviais, levando a diversos problemas de desempenho dos mesmos, como sejam a ocorrência de inundações, a diminuição da eficiência hidráulica e energética, entre outros. A atuação no controlo de afluências indevidas perspetiva oportunidades de melhoria do desempenho em várias dimensões incluindo a componente de eficiência energética. Neste artigo desenvolve-se esta temática numa perspetiva de avaliação do desempenho de instalações elevatórias (IE) embora considerando o sistema como um todo. A metodologia adotada consiste em efetuar a análise de sensibilidade de um sistema separativo de águas residuais para cenários de ocorrência de afluências indevidas à rede, de modo a avaliar o impacto no consumo de energia e noutras variáveis relevantes do sistema. O caso de estudo utilizado consiste numa adaptação do caso de estudo real correspondente ao sistema de drenagem de águas residuais da Bacia da Venteira, Amadora. A finalidade é aferir uma abordagem para tratar esta temática de modo mais geral com base no caso de estudo referido, de forma a contribuir para a sensibilização para a adoção de metodologias operacionais e de monitorização que permitam ter dados para fazer uma gestão mais racional da energia nestes sistemas. As conclusões são genericamente aplicáveis a qualquer sistema separativo de águas residuais.

In this study, the in-plane structural behavior, capacity, and performance of dry-joint stone masonry walls (DJSMWs) and the effects of the vertical stress level on these factors are investigated via a stochastic discontinuum analysis that considers the material uncertainty. A discontinuum type of analysis is performed based on the discrete element method (DEM), where each stone masonry unit is explicitly represented in the computational model. To better simulate the cracking and shear failure modes within the stone units, a coupled fracture energybased contact constitutive model is implemented into a commercial discrete element code, 3DEC. First, the proposed modeling approach is validated by comparing to experimental findings in literature. Then, the approach is used to explore the failure mechanism and the force–displacement behavior of DJ-SMWs, considering different vertical stress levels and material properties. The results of the novel modeling strategy provide a better understanding of the progressive collapse mechanism of DJ-SMWs and the influence of the vertical stress level. Furthermore, the outcomes of this research indicate the major role of the frictional resistance at the joints in the safety and performance assessment of the dry-joint load-bearing masonry walls. Finally, important inferences are made regarding the non-spatial and spatial stochastic discontinuum analysis.

The majority of thermal modification processes are at temperatures greater than 180 ?C, resulting in a product with some properties enhanced and some diminished (e.g., mechanical properties). However, the durability of thermally modified wood to termite attack is recognised as low. Recent attempts at combining thermal modification with chemical modification, either prior to or directly after the thermal process, are promising. Buffers, although not influencing the reaction systems, may interact on exposure to certain conditions, potentially acting as promoters of biological changes. In this study, two zwitterionic buffers, bicine and tricine, chosen for their potential to form Maillard-type products with fragmented hemicelluloses/volatiles, were assessed with and without thermal modification for two wood species (spruce and beech), with subsequent evaluation of their effect against subterranean termites (Reticulitermes grassei Clément) and their symbiotic protists. The effect of the wood treatments on termites and their symbionts was visible after four weeks, especially for spruce treated with tricine and bicine and heat treatment (bicine HT), and for beech treated with bicine and bicine and heat treatment (bicine HT). The chemical behaviour of these substances should be further investigated when in contact with wood and also after heat treatment. This is the first study evaluating the effect of potential Maillard reactions with zwitterionic buffers on subterranean termite symbiotic fauna.

Neste artigo, dedicado à temática da circulação doméstica e depois de uma pequena introdução muito dedicada ao sublinhar dos outros aspetos essenciais no seu desenvolvimento para além das matérias funcionais, abordam-se, de um modo bastante informal e acompanhado por imagens de novas soluções habitacionais, os seguintes subtemas frequentemente associados ou desejavelmente associáveis à ampla matéria da circulação doméstica: escada doméstica considerada como elemento "plástico" de habitação; circulação doméstica intensamente embebida/integrada no espaço habitacional; circulação doméstica desenvolvida e tratada como verdadeiro elemento "protagonista" de uma habitação; escada doméstica desenvolvida e tratada como "elemento central" de habitação; circulação doméstica desenvolvida e tratada como "elemento central" de habitação.

Worldwide cities are establishing efforts to collect urban traffic data from various modes and sources. Integrating traffic data, together with their situational context, offers more comprehensive views on the ongoing mobility changes and supports enhanced management decisions accordingly. Hence, cities are becoming sensorized and heterogeneous sources of urban data are being consolidated with the aim of monitoring multimodal traffic patterns, encompassing all major transport modes—road, railway, inland waterway—, and active transport modes such as walking and cycling. The research reported in this paper aims at bridging the existing literature gap on the integrative analysis of multimodal traffic data and its situational urban context. The reported work is anchored on the major findings and contributions from the research and innovation project Integrative Learning from Urban Data and Situational Context for City Mobility Optimization (ILU), a multi-disciplinary project on the field of artificial intelligence applied to urban mobility, joining the Lisbon city Council, public carriers, and national research institutes. The manuscript is focused on the context-aware analysis of multimodal traffic data with a focus on public transportation, offering four major contributions. First, it provides a structured view on the scientific and technical challenges and opportunities for data-centric multimodal mobility decisions. Second, rooted on existing literature and empirical evidence, we outline principles for the context-aware discovery of multimodal patterns from heterogeneous sources of urban data. Third, Lisbon is introduced as a case study to show how these principles can be enacted in practice, together with some essential findings. Finally, we instantiate some principles by conducting a spatiotemporal analysis of multimodality indices in the city against available context. Concluding, this work offers a structured view on the opportunities offered by cross-modal and context-enriched analysis of traffic data, motivating the role of Big Data to support more transparent and inclusive mobility planning decisions, promote coordination among public transport operators, and dynamically align transport supply with the emerging urban traffic dynamics.

Neste artigo, dedicado à temática geral de um adequado desenvolvimento das salas-comuns domésticas, faz-se, de início, um enquadramento e uma breve introdução geral ao tema; passa-se, depois, para uma abordagem às grandes opções e às associações mais frequentes nas salas-comuns; registando-se, a seguir, os usos e hábitos considerados mais frequentes naqueles espaços da habitação; seguindo-se a consideração dos “novos” usos a ter em conta na sala-comum, com destaque para o teletrabalho; e terminando-se o artigo com uma pequena reflexão sobre a importância da motivação do uso da sala-comum.

Introduction: Roadway departure (RwD) crashes, comprising run-off-road (ROR) and cross- median/centerline head-on collisions, are one of the most lethal crash types. According to the FHWA, between 2015 and 2017, an average of 52 percent of motor vehicle traffic fatalities occurred each year due to roadway departure crashes. An avoidance maneuver, inattention or fatigue, or traveling too fast with respect to weather or geometric road conditions are among the most common reasons a driver leaves the travel lane. Roadway and roadside geometric design features such as clear zones play a significant role in whether human error results in a crash.in a crash. Method: In this we used mixed-logit models to investigate the contributing factors on injury severity of single-vehicle ROR crashes. To that end, we obtained five years’ (2010–2014) of crash data related to roadway departures (i.e., overturn and fixed-object crashes) from the Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Safety Information System Database. Results: The results indicate that factors such as driver conditions (e.g., age), environmental conditions (e.g., weather conditions), roadway geometric design features (e.g., shoulder width), and vehicle conditions significantly contributed to the severity of ROR crashes. Conclusions: Our results provide valuable information for traffic design and management agencies to improve roadside design policies and implementing appropriately forgiving roadsides for errant vehicles. Practical applications: Our results show that increasing shoulder width and keeping fences at the road can reduce ROR crash severity significantly. Also, increasing road friction by innovative materials and raising awareness campaigns for careful driving at daylight can decrease the ROR crash severity.

In 1550 Jan Floris de Vriendt (Antwerp 1520/24 - Talavera, Spain 1567) became the first painter of majolica to acquire the status of master in the painters’ Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp. In his Het Schilder-Boeck, published in Haarlem in 1604, Karel van Mander writes: “Jan Floris was a potter of glazed ceramics more skilful and famous than any other in the Low Countries, and because of his talent he was called to Spain to work in the service of King Philip (…).” And yet, no work of his is known to survive in his native Antwerp. Although no reference to a Jan Floris has ever been found in Spain, several documents contemporary to his presumed presence in the country mention a certain Juan Flores, a Flemish master of majolica tiles in the service of King Philip II (1527-1598) until 1567, who can be identified as Jan Floris with a Castilianised name. This paper reviews Juan Flores’ career in Spain together with his known works there, as well as his presumed sojourn in Portugal where he may have worked for Brás [Afonso] de Albuquerque (1500-1581) producing majolica panels and patterned tiles for the decoration of the palace and gardens of Bacalhôa, near Lisbon. It also includes the results of an analytical characterization on samples collected in the Spanish panels and tiles attributed to Juan Flores, in order to determine and assess their morphologic features and chemical composition.

The Indoor Environment Quality study takes on a very significant challenge when analyzed, mainly, in buildings that encompass a more sensitive and susceptible type of population, as is the case of children. To comply with a set of requirements, namely the concentration of pollutants and the conditions of hygrothermal comfort, is a necessary condition to keep an interior environment suitable for the permanence of the occupants. A research project, that studied Indoor Environment Quality in four buildings which hold nurseries and kindergartens, was carried out in two cities in central Portugal, Viseu and Covilhã. The following main conclusions may be drawn: most compartments are not comfortable in terms of ambient temperature, but the relative humidity has reasonable values. Air change rates generally have low values and the measured pollutants have worrying values. Based on the observed problems and reached conclusions, some recommendations are proposed.