Publicações

TiO2-containing photocatalysts, which combine TiO2 with carbon-based materials, are promising materials for wastewater treatment due to synergistic photodegradation and adsorption phenomena. In this work, TiO2/AC composites were produced by the in situ immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles over activated carbon (AC) derived from spent coffee grains, using different TiO2/AC proportions. The TiO2/AC composites were tested as adsorbents (dark) and as photocatalysts in a combined adsorption+photocatalytic process (solar irradiation) for methylene blue (MB) removal from ultrapure water, and from a secondary effluent (SecEf) of an urban wastewater treatment plant. All the materials were characterized by XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), N2 adsorption

Storage tanks are essential components of water supply systems to store water to face normal and emergency conditions and to level off required pressures. However, tanks can also be the source of water quality deterioration due to poor mixing and long residence times. In this paper, the effect of the tank configuration and of the operating mode on water mixing and renewal in cylindrical small-scale tanks of typical configurations is assessed. Results show that nearly complete mixing conditions can be attained in the tanks with inlet and outlet pipes located at opposite walls. Short-circuiting and the formation of dead zones is demonstrated in tanks with inlet and outlet pipes located close together. In fill-and-draw mode, water mixing is enhanced by a wide water-level variation, but renewal takes longer than in steady-state conditions. In addition, an empirical formula is proposed for estimating the turnover time in cylindrical tanks operated at a constant level. By identifying the configurations and operating conditions that promote mixing, this paper contributes to better water quality management in existing and new storage tanks in distribution systems.

Flood risk management in urban areas adjacent to the coast is essential to increase their resilience. This study aims at improving scientific knowledge of flood risk alongside estuaries, considering different hazards and integrating estuestuarine and urban drainage modelling. Mathematical modelling of stormwater systems is a useful tool to evaluate the susceptibility to flooding and identify potential measures to reduce flood risk.

Apesar da qualidade de serviço assegurada atualmente pelos sistemas de abastecimento de água (SAA) em Portugal, o valor de água não faturada nos sistemas em

Urban areas are complex, vulnerable and continuously evolving, with interacting strategic services, assets and stakeholders. Potential effects of climate dynamics on urban areas may include the aggravation of current conditions, with identification of new hazards or risk drivers. These challenges require an integrated and forward-looking approach to sustainable urban development.

Urban environments are challenged with unprecedented anthropogenic and natural pressures, the latter being accelerated by the growing awareness of the consequences of climate change. The concept of urban resilience has been growing in response, since it allows us to understand city behaviour as a system of systems, improving its response to extreme climate-related events. This paper presents the EU H2020 Resilience to Cope with Climate Change in Urban Areas (RESCCUE) project approach in Lisbon

Concentration polarization is a phenomenon inherent to membrane separation operations and as a precursor of membrane fouling is frequently related to the decrease in the performance of these operations. In the present work, a case-specific mass transfer correlation was developed to assess the concentration polarization when nanofiltration, in different operating conditions, was applied to treat a pharmaceutical wastewater containing atenolol. NF runs with two membranes, two atenolol concentrations and three feed circulating velocities were conducted, and the corresponding experimental mass transfer coefficients were determined using film theory to describe the concentration polarization phenomenon. Higher velocities led to higher mass transfer coefficients and, consequently, lower concentration polarization. These mass transfer coefficients were correlated with the circulating velocity (Re), the solute diffusivity (Sc) and the membrane permeability (LPþ) (the membrane is a permeable interface with effect on the concentration profiles developed from the interface towards the bulk feed), yielding the following correlation Sh ¼ 1.98 × 104Re0.5Sc0.33LP þ0.32. The good agreement between the calculated and the experimental results makes this correlation a valuable tool for water practitioners to predict and control the concentration polarization during atenolol-rich wastewater treatment by nanofiltration, thereby increasing its productivity and selectivity.

Concentration polarization is a phenomenon inherent to membrane separation operations and as a precursor of membrane fouling is frequently related to the decrease in the performance of these operations. In the present work, a case-specific mass transfer correlation was developed to assess the concentration polarization when nanofiltration, in different operating conditions, was applied to treat a pharmaceutical wastewater containing atenolol. NF runs with two membranes, two atenolol concentrations and three feed circulating velocities were conducted, and the corresponding experimental mass transfer coefficients were determined using film theory to describe the concentration polarization phenomenon. Higher velocities led to higher mass transfer coefficients and, consequently, lower concentration polarization. These mass transfer coefficients were correlated with the circulating velocity (Re), the solute diffusivity (Sc) and the membrane permeability (LP+) (the membrane is a permeable interface with effect on the concentration profiles developed from the interface towards the bulk feed), yielding the following correlation Sh = 1.98 × 104Re0.5Sc0.33LP+0.32. The good agreement between the calculated and the experimental results makes this correlation a valuable tool for water practitioners to predict and control the concentration polarization during atenolol-rich wastewater treatment by nanofiltration, thereby increasing its productivity and selectivity.

As áreas urbanas constituem sistemas dinâmicos, complexos e vulneráveis envolvendo múltiplos serviços urbanos estratégicos, como os serviços de águas e resíduos. As pressões e impactos causados por eventos climáticos, como chuvas fortes, efeitos de maré ou secas, podem ter impactos significativos nestes serviços causando efeitos em cascata, com graves consequências para pessoas, ambiente natural e economia.

Urban water services have been applying infrastructure asset management (IAM) principles in the last two decades. Rural water services are still grasping this concept, even though some of the IAM fundamentals are already familiar in this context. Urban water services experience both internal pressures for water losses control and external pressures to assure service quality and sustainability, which are probably greater than in irrigation systems. Not only water for irrigation is usually cheaper than urban water but also irrigation systems are seldom a regulated service. The recent economic crisis in Europe emphasised the need to rationalize and justify investments; urban water services found in IAM a solution for efficient management while assuring both service quality and sustainability in the long term (Alegre et al., 2013). European utilities (such as for transport, gas, energy and water services) are in varying stages of asset management (AM), but have in common the need for a better alignment between AM strategy and investment planning. For AM leaders, making the right investment decisions is crucial (IAM Exchange, 2014). The availability of platforms for long-term financial sustainability was identified as one of the prime market opportunities by asset managers (Boon, J. 2017). Irrigation utilities have demonstrated an increased interest in IAM recently, and sound steps have to be taken. Typically, as large-scale irrigation systems are built almost entirely in a given time-frame, a significant part of the assets age at the same time and concentrated investment needs for rehabilitation are predictable. It is essential to have long-term investment programming, namely when the infrastructure is expected to have an indefinite life without jeopardizing service sustainability. This paper focuses on forecasting these needs in an aggregated way, not aiming to identify the specific assets to be intervened and when, but rather to provide a big picture for the long term investment plan. A methodology for this purpose was developed and applied to a large-scale irrigation utility in Portugal. The irrigation system is relatively recent but the utility is already seeking to anticipate and mitigate the concentrated investment needs. The methodology is in line with IAM fundamentals, recommended by IWA and the ISO 55000 standards. Specifically, in a first stage irrigation infrastructural assets that require rehabilitation investment were identified and the correspondent estate value was determined. Afterwards, investment alternatives that contribute to long-term service sustainability were identified and analysed. Dedicated platforms were developed and used. A system breakdown by functional areas and a proposal for infrastructure components disaggregation was made. This disaggregation was based upon similarity of both asset nature and technical useful life, supported on e.g. the type and characteristics of the assets, the quality of the materials or the maintenance practices. The diagnosis of the current situation and the evaluation of the alternatives were made, based on: (i) the Infrastructure Value Index (IVI, Alegre et al., 2014), which reflects the youth of the infrastructure, weighted with its residual value; (ii) the annual rehabilitation rate, as the annual financial effort in rehabilitation; and (iii) the assets in service with appropriate age, lower than their technical useful life. In the paper, the methodology and the specificities of this particular application to irrigation systems will be presented. Alignment with IAM and the contribution to a broader IAM system will be highlighted.

Clean water and sanitation are one of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDG) of the United Nations’ 2030 agenda for action, being directly related to several other objectives, namely, economic growth, sustainable cities’ communities, responsible consumption and production, and climate action. Since demand for this resource is constantly growing, problems of scarcity of water and transboundary issues are becoming critical to increase water supply efficiency and to improve water management in modern society. Water providers make use of large infrastructures – water supply networks – defined as engineering systems based on hydrological and hydraulic elements able to supply water to consumers, industries, facilities, services and other users. These infrastructures rely on the quality of measurement as a condition to management, having a relevant role in the process of decision-making and to deal with the common problem of water losses. Good measurement practices and uncertainty evaluation are needed to support robust analysis in urban water supply systems. For many water utilities the evaluation of uncertainty is still considered a difficult task, often in situations of missing data for the analysis, having to deal with large amounts of raw and processed data, and requiring support to apply the provisions of the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). However, the application of the GUM to the simple mathematical models used in this context makes it possible to obtain simplified equations that can be used in specific conditions of measurement, providing support to non-expert users with more straightforward approaches. Those include measurement of constant flow, totalization of volume at a single measurement point, sums and differences obtained by combining branches of a network.

This paper addresses the enhanced removal of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in wastewater treatment by powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration. A detailed cost analysis is performed.

A garantia da qualidade da água nas redes de distribuição pode ser um desafio, quando as condições de abastecimento se limitam ao transporte da água com caudal e pressão adequadas. Na operação dos sistemas, a medição de parâmetros de qualidade da água pode permitir compreender melhor a relação entre quantidade e qualidade da água, levando, também, a uma maior eficiência hidráulica da rede. No âmbito do projeto iPerdas 2016, foi efetuado um trabalho exploratório para recolha de informação relativa à medição ou registo das componentes do consumo autorizado (não faturado) no balanço hídrico, nomeadamente nas descargas em condutas e reservatórios e outras intervenções na rede (reparação de roturas, avarias, ações de reabilitação). A metodologia adotada consistiu num questionário, que incluiu a quantificação dos volumes utilizados, com indicação dos registos da medição dos parâmetros de qualidade da água. Os resultados obtidos enfatizaram a necessidade de se efetuarem registos e medição dos consumos de água, nomeadamente quando se realizam descargas em condutas e, por estimativa, na reparação de roturas. No que se refere aos reservatórios, os procedimentos apresentaram-se mais sistematizados, com dados das limpezas efetuadas, identificação da data e capacidade. Em relação aos volumes descarregados em condutas e reservatórios, os resultados que foram disponibilizados variaram numa ordem de grandeza entre as diferentes entidades gestoras. Nas outras intervenções na rede, apenas foi disponibilizada informação relativamente a reparações de roturas, ficando de fora eventuais ações de reabilitação ou avarias.

Desde a captação até à torneira, a água para consumo humano contacta com diversos materiais de construção e produtos químicos que podem potenciar a transferência de impurezas e substâncias tóxicas para a água. De modo a assegurar que os processos de transferência não alteram e diminuem a qualidade da água, as entidades gestoras dos sistemas de abastecimento devem garantir a qualidade dos produtos em contacto com a água. Para tal, devem selecionar produtos aprovados por uma entidade reconhecida para o efeito, ao abrigo de um esquema de aprovação de produtos em contacto com a água. Nesta comunicação, apresentam-se as iniciativas em diversos países europeus no que se refere ao estabelecimento e operacionalização deste tipo de esquemas de aprovação. Apresenta-se também a atividade normativa europeia que suporta a efetiva aplicação dos esquemas de aprovação. As normas relativas aos materiais em contacto com a água e aos produtos químicos destinados ao tratamento, num total de 159, são desenvolvidas pelo Comité Europeu de Normalização através da comissão técnica TC164 Water supply, cuja atividade é acompanhada a nível nacional pela comissão técnica CT90 Sistemas urbanos de água

Os compostos farmacêuticos são contaminantes de interesse emergente que, caso não sejam removidos das águas residuais, podem ter impactos ambientais e para a saúde pública imprevisíveis, prejudicando a preservação de origens de água potável e a reutilização de águas residuais, questões-chave para a gestão sustentável da água. A resposta a estes desafios passa necessariamente pela inovação e evolução tecnológica. As estações de tratamento de águas residuais (ETAR) funcionam como barreira de proteção da qualidade ambiental. No entanto, muitos destes contaminantes podem resistir ao tratamento convencional, dependendo principalmente das suas características e das condições de funcionamento das ETAR. Nesta comunicação é apresentado o projeto de investigação LIFE Impetus - Improving current barriers for controlling pharmaceutical compounds in urban wastewater treatment plants, que visa testar soluções para a remoção de compostos farmacêuticos a partir de águas residuais urbanas em sistemas de tratamento convencionais de lamas ativadas. Pretende-se com a presente comunicação divulgar a abordagem LIFE Impetus, no sentido de promover a sua futura implementação noutras ETAR.

LIFE Impetus project (LIFE14 ENV/PT/000739) aims at demonstrating feasible measures for improving the control of pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment. Namely, strategies based on chemically enhanced barriers, with adsorbent and/or coagulant addition, are underway. Nuts production generates high amounts of lignocellulosic residues that are known to be good activated carbon biomass precursors, namely due to their high carbon content and hardness. Aiming to contribute to a sustainable and circular economy, sub-products of Portuguese pine nut production

Urban areas are dynamic, complex and vulnerable systems involving multiple strategic urban services such as water supply, wastewater, stormwater and waste management, energy supply, public lighting, transport, public security and stakeholders. Climate stresses and shocks affecting the urban water cycle, such as heavy rains, tide effect or droughts, can produce direct impacts on the above strategic services and cause cascading impacts on them with serious consequences for people, natural and built environment and economy.Challenges generated by climate change in urban areas, expected until 2100, require an integrated and sustainable approach to increase resilience. The paper presents a resilience assessment approach applied to Lisbon. It aims to assess resilience considering a multisectorial approach with focus on water and to support cities to become more resilient contributing to co-build their resilience action plans. The assessment approach is objective driven considering four resilience dimensions: organizational, governance relations top/down; spatial, urban space and environment; functional directed to strategic services and physical to assets/infrastructures.

A avaliação de desempenho tem sido aplicada com sucesso na gestão de sistemas de água urbanos, predominantemente nos sistemas de abastecimento de água e de águas residuais. A longo das últimas duas décadas, vários têm sido os projetos e iniciativas desenvolvidos na área em diferentes países. A avaliação de desempenho baseada em indicadores de desempenho possibilita a medição da eficiência e/ou eficácia de uma atividade ou processo, apoiando o processo de tomada de decisão e incentivando a melhoria contínua de uma entidade gestora. Apesar dos potenciais benefícios, a aplicação da avaliação de desempenho a sistemas de águas pluviais tem sido muito incipiente. As metodologias desenvolvidas na área são, em geral, de âmbito limitado, focando-se num só tipo de sistemas de águas pluviais ou em certos aspetos do seu desempenho, dificultando uma aplicação mais alargada. Neste sentido, surge a necessidade de se desenvolver uma metodologia de avaliação de desempenho que possa estabelecer-se como uma referência para sistemas de águas pluviais. No presente trabalho, propõe-se uma metodologia orientada por objetivos e critérios de avaliação, com recurso a indicadores de desempenho. A metodologia é abrangente, objetiva, padronizada e flexível na adaptação a diferentes sistemas de águas pluviais e contextos, que possa servir de base ao desenvolvimento e implementação de um sistema de avaliação de desempenho por parte de entidades gestoras destes sistemas.

A iniciativa em Energia, Qualidade e Tratamento de Água

The Technical Guide presents the 4th generation of the service quality assessment system, which abandons some 3rd generation indicators and adds new ones to respond to the latest challenges to supply services, urban waste water management and urban waste management. Changes are also made to definitions and benchmarks for some indicators are adjusted.

O projeto Avaler+

These technical guidelines provides guidance on the use of the hybrid process of powdered activate carbon adsorption and ceramic microfiltration for sustainable drinking water production. They were developed based on the field demonstration of the technology, in Portugal, with a pilot prototype, within the LIFE Hymenb project LIFE12 ENV/PT/001154 "Tailoring hybrid membrane processes for sustainable drinking water production", conducted by LNEC - the National Civil Engineering Laboratory and Águas do Algarve, S.A.

O objetivo do presente Guia é a apresentação e a especificação dosistema correspondente à 2.ª geração de avaliação da qualidade dosserviços de abastecimento de água, de saneamento de águas residuaisurbanas e de gestão de resíduos urbanos prestados pelas entidadesgestoras sujeitas a regulação.Este sistema constitui uma peça fundamental do modelo de regulaçãoem implementação pela ERSAR, sumariamente descrito neste Guia emais detalhadamente descrito em [1], nomeadamente no que respeitaà componente da regulação da qualidade do serviço, de forma a tornarpossível a avaliação quantificada.Note-se que, de acordo com o disposto na alínea e) do n.º 1 do artigo 5.ºdo Decreto-Lei n.º 277/2009, de 2 de outubro, a ERSAR tem atribuiçõesnão apenas para assegurar a regulação da qualidade de serviço prestadoaos utilizadores pelas entidades gestoras, mas também para avaliaro desempenho dessas entidades, promovendo a melhoria dos níveis deserviço. É no quadro destas atribuições que se pretende promover estesistema de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de águas e resíduos.A 2.ª geração do sistema de avaliação da qualidade do serviço resultouda análise crítica do sistema de indicadores adotado na 1.ª geração e darespetiva aplicação desde 2004 ao universo das entidades concessionáriase teve em conta o estado atual de conhecimentos e a experiênciainternacional entretanto adquirida.Para além da identificação e da especificação de todos os componentesdo sistema de avaliação, e em particular do conjunto de indicadores dequalidade do serviço a utilizar em cada um dos três tipos de serviços,são também definidos os procedimentos de avaliação, através dadefinição da informação a obter, do cálculo de indicadores, da sua interpretaçãoe análise comparativa, numa perspetiva de benchmarking, eda produção do relatório de síntese.

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O objectivo do presente Guia é a apresentação e a especificação do sistema correspondente à 2.ª geração de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de abastecimento de água, de saneamento de águas residuais urbanas e de gestão de resíduos urbanos prestados pelas entidades gestoras sujeitas a regulação. Este sistema constitui uma peça fundamental do modelo de regulação em implementação pela ERSAR, sumariamente descrito neste Guia e mais detalhadamente descrito em [1], nomeadamente no que respeita à componente da regulação da qualidade do serviço, de forma a tornar possível a avaliação quantificada. Note-se que, de acordo com o disposto nas alíneas e) do artigo 5.º do Decreto-Lei n.º 277/2009, de 2 de Outubro, a ERSAR tem atribuições não apenas para assegurar a regulação da qualidade de serviço prestado aos utilizadores pelas entidades gestoras bem como para avaliar o desempenho dessas entidades, promovendo a melhoria dos níveis de serviço. É no quadro destas atribuições que se pretende promover este sistema de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de águas e resíduos. A 2.ª geração do sistema de avaliação da qualidade do serviço resultou da análise crítica do sistema de indicadores adoptado na 1.ª geração e da respectiva aplicação desde 2004 ao universo das entidades concessionárias e teve em conta o estado actual de conhecimentos e a experiência internacional entretanto adquirida. Para além da identificação e da especificação de todos os componentes do sistema de avaliação, e em particular do conjunto de indicadores de qualidade do serviço a utilizar em cada um dos três tipos de serviços, são também definidos os procedimentos de avaliação, através da definição da informação a obter, do cálculo de indicadores, da sua interpretação e análise comparativa, numa perspectiva de benchmarking, e da produção do relatório de síntese.

Invited papers from the IWA Leading Edge Conference on Strategic Asset Management (LESAM), Lisbon, October 2007

A simulação matemática dos sistemas de abastecimento de água é hoje em dia uma ferramenta indispensável aos serviços de água, para apoio a uma gestão técnica racional. O campo de aplicação é variado, sendo um auxiliar das actividades de planeamento, de projecto, de operação e demanutenção. Destacam-se o apoio ao dimensionamento de novas redes, aos programas de reabilitação, ao licenciamento de novas ligações, ao controlo de perdas de água, ao controlo da qualidade da água nas redes ou à gestão optimizada de energia.Em Portugal, o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de modelos matemáticos de sistemas de distribuição de água iniciou-se na década de 80, com o modelo da rede de Almada, elaborado em 1981 pelo LNEC. Depois dealguns anos em que a actividade realizada se centrou essencialmente no ambiente científico e académico, as empresas de consultoria começaram a ganhar espaço de mercado na prestação deste tipo de serviços para as entidades gestoras. Numa fase inicial os requisitos computacionais eramconsideráveis

The number of climate-related disasters has progressively increased in the last two decades and this trend will drastically exacerbate in the medium- and long-term horizons according to climate change projections. In this framework, through a multi-disciplinary team and a strong background acquired in recent projects, ICARIA aims to promote the use of asset-level modeling to achieve a better understanding of climate related tangible direct and indirect impacts on critical assets due to complex, cascading, and compound disasters. Furthermore, it takes into account the related risk reduction provided by suitable, sustainable, and cost-effective adaptation solutions. ICARIA focuses on both (i) critical assets and services that were not designed for potential climate change-related impacts that can increase the unplanned outages and failures, and (ii) on housing, natural areas, and population. Cutting edge methods regarding climate scenario building, asset-level-coupled models, and multi-risk assessment approaches will be implemented and replicated in three EU regions to understand how future climate scenarios might affect critical assets and to provide decision-making support tools to private and public risk owners to assess the costs and benefits of various adaptation solutions.

Activated carbons are versatile adsorbents that can play a crucial role in the enhancement of wastewater treatment, namely by controlling organic microcontaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and organic matter. These materials have a 100-year market availability, large scientific testing at lab-scale and applicability in consolidated technologies. However, the use of activated carbons at full-scale wastewater treatment is still emerging, driven by the increasing awareness on environmental and human threats mainly resulting from CECs. The present chapter reviews the literature on the application of activated carbons in full- or large pilot-scale plants, highlighting the state-of-art knowledge on practical issues on operational set-ups, improvements on water overall quality, and costs. The selection criteria and properties of the powdered and granular (PAC and GAC) materials used, and the pros and critical aspects of their application, relevant for product development and process optimisation, are also analysed and determine the research needs proposed for a technical, economic, and environmentally sustainable application of activated carbon in full-scale advanced wastewater treatment.

Urban areas are dynamic, complex, and vulnerable systems involving multiple strategic services such as water supply, wastewater, and stormwater and waste management. Climate-change trends may directly affect the urban water cycle, through heavy rainfall, tides, and droughts, potentially causing cascading impacts with serious consequences for people, the natural and built environments, and the economy. These challenges to urban areas require an integrated and sustainable approach to increase their resilience, with the allocation of the needed resources, including the development and implementation of disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies, plans, and regulations in all relevant sectors. This chapter describes a resilience-assessment framework to be used by cities and urban-service managers. It considers a structured and objective-driven assessment aiming at supporting the development and monitoring of cities' and urban services' resilience action plans, thus contributing to appropriate DRR investments. Our approach considers four resilience dimensions: organizational, spatial, functional, and physical. It is aligned with the UNDRR's Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities and addresses the priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. In this chapter, we apply the resilience-assessment framework to the waste and mobility sectors in Lisbon (Portugal), identifying main opportunities to enhance their resilience and supporting the development of resilience and DRR strategies.

Atualmente os sistemas urbanos de água são reconhecidos como infraestruturas in­dispensáveis de suporte para a prestação de serviços públicos de primeira necessida­de à saúde e bem-estar das populações e à economia das sociedades

Urban areas are dynamic, complex, and vulnerable systems involving multiple strategic urban services, stakeholders, and citizens. Strategic services essential to society include water and sewerage (water supply, and wastewater and stormwater management), waste management, energy supply, public lighting, transport, and public security. The potential effects of climate dynamics on the urban areas might lead to the aggravation of existing fragile conditions and the emergence of new hazards or risk factors, with major impacts on strategic urban services, people, the natural and built environment, and the economy. Climate change challenges to urban areas thus require an integrated and sustainable approach to increase their resilience, with the allocation of the needed resources at all administrative levels. These include the development and implementation of disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies, policies, plans, laws, and regulations in all relevant sectors (UNISDR, 2015). This chapter describes a resilience assessment framework to be used by cities and urban-service managers. The framework considers a structured and objective-driven assessment aiming at supporting the development and monitoring of cities

This chapter briefly presents concepts and methodologies to support the management of urban drainage infrastructure. After the introduction, data requirements for assessing the condition of urban drainage systems are presented. Data can be collected in different ways. Data analysis allows for determining structural and functional issues and system performance. The causes and consequences of failures are required for condition assessment and are the subject of the risk section. Any intervention in the urban drainage system has a cost that must be assessed. Mathematical modelling of the urban drainage systems has an advantage for evaluating the hydraulic and structural performance. Decisions on the management of urban drainage rehabilitation need to be addressed considering the different points of view or aspects that are often contradictory. This may be addressed by using multi-criteria decision analysis methodologies.

Urban water services make use of extensive networked infrastructures - water supply and drainage systems. Efficient management of these services relies on the quality of measurements of hydraulic variables in pipes and sewers to support robust analysis of systems

Urban water services make use of extensive networked infrastructures

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) can result in important benefits, but there are a number of potential negative risks. The risks associated with RWHS depend on several factors and duly consideration is required to ensure that risks associated with this type of solutions are low. Therefore, a generic and systematic approach to manage risk is required. This chapter introduces a brief overview of concepts and terminology adopted. Subsequently, an overview of common approaches to risk management is presented. The chapter focuses on specific aspects for the application of these approaches to RWHS, with emphasis on risk identification, specific risk treatment action, and monitoring. Different approaches on how to determine risks such as water safety plan (WSP), risk management process (RMP), and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) can be used, but all of them have some common steps.

Conventional treatment processes for the removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins are thoroughly described in this chapter, including chemical treatment (heavy metals, herbicides, and photosensitizers), coagulation/flocculation combined with air flotation, and various adsorption processes.

Esta publicação corresponde ao Programa de Investigação e ao Programa de Pós-Graduaçãoelaborados pela autora nos termos estabelecidos no artigo 30.º do Decreto-lei n.º 124/99, de20 de Abril, com vista à prestação de provas de habilitação para o exercício de funções decoordenação de investigação científica, realizadas em 31 de Janeiro e 1 de Fevereiro de 2008.Com o Programa de Investigação pretende-se contribuir para o estabelecimento de umaestratégia de desenvolvimento técnico e científico no âmbito da gestão patrimonial deinfra-estruturas de abastecimento de água e de drenagem de águas residuais. Trata-se de umprograma dirigido de forma privilegiada para as necessidades nacionais, mas que atende aocontexto internacional, tendo em vista o papel que o País pode desempenhar nodesenvolvimento do conhecimento nesta matéria, em sentido lato. Propõe-se uma estratégiaassente no estabelecimento de parcerias interdepartamentais e interinstitucionais, ancorada noNúcleo de Engenharia Sanitária do Departamento de Hidráulica e Ambiente do LNEC.Neste documento começa-se por fazer uma apresentação geral do programa, especificando osobjectivos e expondo as razões para a escolha do tema. Propõe-se a seguir uma visita guiadasobre o tema, que permite a um leitor menos familiarizado obter uma panorâmica geral.A sequência de capítulos seguinte é dedicada à apresentação e discussão do estado actual deconhecimentos. Inicia-se pelas abordagens integradas para apoio à GPI, seguindo-se depoispara as principais vertentes de análise na GPI: desempenho, custo e risco.Faz-se seguidamente uma análise de lacunas e prioridades de investigação. Termina-se com aapresentação de um programa de estudos, estruturados em quatro linhas de investigação:Linha 1: GPI

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This report offers a preliminary overview of the main drivers and barriers related to the policy and governance dimensions across the six Living Labs of B-WaterSmart: Alicante (Spain), Bodø (Norway), East Frisia (Germany), Flanders (Belgium), Lisbon (Portugal) and Venice (Italy). It provides an overview of the policy framework with implications for water management in the European Union, including the main plans and strategies related to adaptation to climate change and implementation of a circular economy, along the nexus water-energy-resources-waste. Furthermore, we added a section that describes succinctly the main models of water governance in Europe.

The main objective of the EMPOWER+ project is to develop new high-performing GACs and PACs and reusable magnetic powdered activated carbons (MPACs), prepared by steam and CO2 activation of pine nut shells (PNS/Steam and PNS/CO2 activated carbons) following the protocol developed for PACs under the framework of LIFE Impetus project.

MS16 consists of the first, preliminary version, V0, of the B-WaterSmart Assessment Framework (BWS AF) developed by WP6 in Task 6.2. The MS16 is composed of an excel file and this document. The excel file provides the list of elements forming the framework: the strategic objectives, the assessment criteria and the metrics proposed. This document, after background information about the BWS AF use, scope and development phases, describes the structure and the elements listed in the excel file. All the information provided by MS16 will be embedded into a web-application by end of April 2022, so to facilitate the validation phase carried out by the InAll, during the period April-August 2022.The planning of the period to release the web-application has been agreed with Task 1.4 and it is aligned with the activities planned within the InAll. Given the continuous work on refinement of metrics planned in collaboration with the InAll, the web-application, as well as this MS16, will be kept as living files for updating as and when required until the V2 of the BWS AF will be finalized.

Este trabalho envolve dois aspetos diferenciadores face a estudos anteriores: Diagnóstico aprofundado do subsistema D.S5-EEA3, quer espacial quer temporalmente, recorrendo à modelação hidráulica, aos cenários de operação de inverno e verão e cobrindo aspetos como a pressão, velocidade e idade da água na situação de referência e futura.Especificação e análise comparativa de alternativas (desempenho, custos, benefícios) para a sua priorização atendendo ao seu impacto a médio e longo-prazo (e.g., 10 anos e 20 anos).O diagnóstico aprofundado e a priorização de alternativas atenderão à evolução futura do sistema mediante cenários que serão identificados em conjunto com a EG, designadamente, alteração nos padrões de uso da água potável em usos não potáveis, com redução do seu uso para, por exemplo, rega de espaços públicos verdes, lavagem de ruas, climatização e alterações de contexto interno (e.g., expansão da rede do subsistema D.S5-EEA3). Este relatório visa apresentar a metodologia e o sistema de avaliação para diagnóstico aprofundado de subsistemas.

One of the key objectives of B-WaterSmart is to deliver a water-smartness assessment framework (BWS AF) fully tested in the six living labs (LLs) of the project. This deliverable aims at providing first recommendations to support both the refinement of the BWS AF and the development of the corresponding dashboard. This deliverable describes (i) the approach followed to obtain the recommendations within the innovation alliance (InAll), the InAll process (Task 1.4), and an overview of the testing process of BWS AF version V0 (delivered by WP6). It further presents (ii) the feedback on the framework from the LL problem-owners (LLi) (with support from WP6 for feedback collection and processing of raw results), the respective analysis, and subsequent recommendations both for refinement of the framework, and the development of the dashboard-type software to facilitate its use.

D6.2 consists of the Version 1 of the B-WaterSmart Assessment Framework (BWS AF) developed by WP6 under Task 6.2. V1 builds on the V0 (MS16), which provided the preliminary list of the elements forming the framework. MS16 built on the theoretical background given by D6.1, describing the preliminary conceptual design of the framework. V1 is a transitional step between V0 and the final version V2 (by Task 6.3). To deliver V1, first the information provided by MS16 have been embedded into a web-application, to facilitate a validation phase carried out by the Innovation Alliance (InAll) under the coordination of Task 1.4 in the period April-August 2022. Afterwards, the InAll have been trained to the use of the web application and, by using the feedback forms made available, their insights have been shared with Task 6.2. The feedback has been analyzed by Task 6.2 in September and either already addressed in V1 or included in this document as input to Task 6.3. D6.2 is composed therefore by this supporting document and the web-application incorporating the updated version of the BWS-AF allowing further testing by the InAll. This document consists of two parts: part I includes background information about the BWS AF scope, the description of the co-creation process established with the InAll, and the updated version of the elements forming the framework V1 (incorporated in the web-application), as well as the aggregated analysis of the feedbacks provided by the InAll. Part II addresses Task 3.9, which will convert the BWS AF V2 into a dashboard, by sharing insights based on the experience gained during the development of the web-application and the validation phase. Last, D6.2 is closely related with D1.3 describing the scope and process of validation of V0 and also providing insights to Task 6.3 and Task 3.9 from the InAll perspective.

O projeto AGIR

O projeto AGIR

No Projeto

This deliverable introduces two of WP1

EXCLUSIVO: AWARE-P vence prémio alemão e conquista novo reconhecimento internacional: É a primeira vez que é distinguido um projecto de um país que não fala alemão, entrevista de Ana Santiago (Jornalista do Jornal Água & Ambiente - Portal Ambiente Online) a Helena Alegre, 19 de Agosto de 2014

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