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D3.4 Capacity building initiatives
The first main objective of work package 3 is to assess the implementation of the Action Plan 20112020 (AU?UNECA, 2010). This assessment has been supported by SWOT and PESTEL analysis completed at different geo?political scales (continental, regional economic communities/corridors and country) and is described in deliverable 3.1. The second main objective of work package 3 is to define initiatives for different topics (i.e., road safety policies, road safety and traffic management, capacity building and other road safety interventions). Those initiatives are designed to foster the implementation of the Action Plan and to contribute to a better situation in terms of road safety. This deliverable deals with the definition of initiatives for capacity building and training in the African continent. Deliverable 6.1 Road Safety Curriculum for Africa highlights the specific needs and demands for training and education according to African education experts (Vieira Gomes, Kluppels & Schemers, 2017). One of the needs emphasizes the multidisciplinary characteristics of the road safety expertise. Subsequently, a lot of different professionals are active in different areas of road safety. Although cooperation between different road safety professionals is wanted to enhance road safety in general, this deliverable tries to categorize different capacity building initiatives (i.e., available courses) according to different groups of road safety professionals. A general education for all road safety experts is certainly needed. But after a general introduction to road safety, more specific capacity building initiatives for different road safety professionals are required in the African continent. This doesnt exclude that some capacity building initiatives in this deliverable are applicable for two or more groups of road safety professionals. According to the Transportation Research Board (2007), road safety professionals have been defined as workers who spend all or most of their workday on matters pertaining directly to road safety, such as assessing safety performance and needs, planning, developing and implementing safety initiatives and taking specific actions related to safety (TRB, 2007). In this deliverable road safety initiatives are proposed for six different groups of road safety professionals. These groups are data collectors and analysts, health personnel, public policy makers, road safety engineers, teachers and educators and traffic police. The described capacity building initiatives in this report serve as a guideline for capacity building for the previously mentioned target groups. Off course, the proposed initiatives need to be further adjusted to the specific requirements for the group of road safety professionals within the country or region where they would be used.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Boudry, E.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Cardoso, J.L.; Remacle, E.; Sanon, C.; Martin, J.; Mignot, D.; Nabavi, M.; Talbot, R.; Welsh, R.
Keywords: Africa; road safety interventions; capacity building; traffic management; road safety policies; Road safety
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D3.5 - ROAD SAFETY INTERVENTIONS INITIATIVES
According to the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018 (WHO, 2018b), the number of road traffic injuries claimed 1.35 million lives in 2016. Based on the WHO regions, road traffic fatality rates are increasing in the African region from 26.1 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2013 to 26.6 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2016. Therefore, the African region is the worst performing WHO region. Over the same period, there was an improvement in road fatality rates in the WHO Europe region. Road traffic injury in Africa is even expected to worsen further, with an increasing of 55% in road traffic fatalities over the period from 2016 until 2030 (WHO, 2018c). SaferAfrica project aims at establishing a Dialogue Platform between Africa and Europe focused on road safety and traffic management issues. It will represent a high?level body with the main objective of providing recommendations to update the African Road Safety Action Plan and the African Road Safety Charter, as well as fostering the adoption of specific initiatives, properly funded. The first main objective of work package 3 is to assess the implementation of the Action Plan 20112020 (AU?UNECA, 2010). This assessment has been supported by SWOT and PESTEL analysis completed at different geo?political scales (continental, regional economic communities/corridors and country) and is described in deliverable 3.1. The second main objective of work package 3 is to define initiatives for different topics (i.e., road safety policies, road safety and traffic management, capacity building and other road safety interventions). Those initiatives are designed to foster the implementation of the Action Plan and to contribute to a better situation in terms of road safety. The final aim is to prepare information to support the discussions with the Dialogue Platform Management Board. This deliverable deals with the operational dimension of the Level/Layer matrix and more specific, the elaboration of initiatives about road safety interventions. Hereby, road safety interventions have been defined as actions designed to target consciously chosen safety improvement objectives within the road safety system (Wilpert & Fahlbruch, 2002). The categorisation of the road safety interventions is made based on the traditional five pillars used by the UN (2011). The road safety interventions in this report were selected based on the needs described in the capacity reviews of WP5, the applicability to the African continent and the concreteness of the road safety intervention. The described road safety interventions in this report serve as a guideline for the implementation of some concrete initiatives within the pillars of safer roads and mobility, safer vehicles, safer road users and post?crash response. Of course, they will need some specific adaptations and adjustments to the characteristics of the country or region where they would be implemented.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Boudry, E.; Vieira Gomes, S.; Fernández, E.; Sanon, C.
Keywords: Africa; road safety interventions; capacity building; traffic management; road safety; road safety policies
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Development of DamDamage3D1.0 - A MATLAB program for non-linear analysis of arch dams using a damage model
The main goal of this report is to present DamDamage3D1.0, a 3D finite element-based program for non-linear static analysis of arch dams, developed using MATLAB. The non-linear simulations are performed using a damage law and an iterative numerical method based on the stress-transfer technique, considering the redistribution of unbalanced forces in each iteration due to material damage. The concretes non-linear behaviour up to failure is simulated using an isotropic damage model with softening, considering two independent scalar damage variables: d+ for tension damage and d- for compression damage. The implemented code was verified and optimized for a simple test structure, more specifically a concrete frame structure with three columns. According to the defined material properties for the structural elements, the concrete failure is expected to occur only at the central column without causing the collapse of the structure, which remains in equilibrium. DamDamage3D1.0 is used to evaluate the structural safety of Cabril arch dam (132 m high) for the concrete strength decrease scenario, considering the material deterioration under tension and compression. This failure scenario is usually considered in the scope of the safety control of dams, and the main goal is to obtain a global safety factor ?s that indicates how many times the materials resistance can be reduced without causing the dams structural collapse. This way ?s is the maximum admissible multiplying factor of the applied loads. The non-linear behaviour of the dam is analysed for the load combination with the self-weight (SW) and the hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the upstream face (full reservoir), using a 3D finite element mesh with three elements in thickness. The numerical simulations are performed using two different constitutive damage laws to evaluate the influence of the compression softening phenomenon in the global resistant capacity of the dam. The main results include displacements and stress fields and the distributions of tension and compression damage in the dam body.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Alegre, A.; Oliveira, S.
Keywords: Non-linear behaviour; Cabril dam; Compression damage; Tension damage; DamDamage3D1.0; Damage model; Concrete strength decrease scenario; Concrete arch dams; MATLAB 3DFEM program
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Development of DamDamage3D1.0. A MATLAB program for non-linear analysis of arch dams using a damage model
The main goal of this report is to present DamDamage3D1.0, a 3D finite element-based program for non-linear static analysis of arch dams, developed using MATLAB. The non-linear simulations are performed using a damage law and an iterative numerical method based on the stress-transfer technique, considering the redistribution of unbalanced forces in each iteration due to material damage. The concretes non-linear behaviour up to failure is simulated using an isotropic damage model with softening, considering two independent scalar damage variables: d+ for tension damage and d- for compression damage. The implemented code was verified and optimized for a simple test structure, more specifically a concrete frame structure with three columns. According to the defined material properties for the structural elements, the concrete failure is expected to occur only at the central column without causing the collapse of the structure, which remains in equilibrium. DamDamage3D1.0 is used to evaluate the structural safety of Cabril arch dam (132 m high) for the concrete strength decrease scenario, considering the material deterioration under tension and compression. This failure scenario is usually considered in the scope of the safety control of dams, and the main goal is to obtain a global safety factor ?s that indicates how many times the materials resistance can be reduced without causing the dams structural collapse. This way ?s is the maximum admissible multiplying factor of the applied loads. The non-linear behaviour of the dam is analysed for the load combination with the self-weight (SW) and the hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the upstream face (full reservoir), using a 3D finite element mesh with three elements in thickness. The numerical simulations are performed using two different constitutive damage laws to evaluate the influence of the compression softening phenomenon in the global resistant capacity of the dam. The main results include displacements and stress fields and the distributions of tension and compression damage in the dam body.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Alegre, A.; Oliveira, S.
Editor: LNEC
Keywords: DamDamage3D1.0 / MATLAB 3DFEM program / Concrete arch dams / Cabril dam / Non-linear behaviour / Concrete strength decrease scenario / Damage model / Tension damage / Compression damage
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Development of GDams2D 1.0 - A MATLAB code for structural analysis of gravity dams using Lagrangian finite elements with 9 nodes
In this work we present the version 1.0 of the GDams2D 1.0 program developed for 2D analysis of gravity dams using the finite element method. This initial version of the program is prepared to analyze the structural behavior of gravity dams for static loads, considering linear-elastic behavior, and using Lagrange finite elements of 4 sides, with 9 nodal points. The GDams2D 1.0 program, developed in MATLAB, includes a module for automatic generation of meshes with a great level of refinement (generated from coarse meshes of quadrilaterals, with 4 nodal points at the vertices) and is designed for easy adaptation to non-linear analyzes, using stress-transfer modules such as those recently developed for the DamSlide3D and DamDamage3D programs. After a brief reference to the fundamentals of solid mechanics and to the simplified hypotheses of plane elasticity, the Fundamentals of the Finite Element Method (FEM) are presented, referring in particular the formulation of the four-node, linear and isoparametric, finite element (FE4nos), with two translation d.o.f per node, and the quadrangular FEs of 9 nodes (FE9nos) used in GDams2D 1.0. Based on some examples of application to simple 2D structures whose response is known analytically, the advantages of FEs are emphasized in relation to FE4nos and the verification and operability of GDams2D 1.0 is made using various discretizations. Finally, the case of a gravity dam (25 m high) is presented. The dams structural behavior for the main loads, self-weight and hydrostatic pressure, is simulated with GDams2D 1.0. The results obtained are analyzed based on the post-processing module of GDams2D 1.0, also developed in MATLAB in the scope of the present work. This module allows several types of representation of the displacement field and stress field.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Rodrigues, M.; Oliveira, S.
Keywords: Solid mechanics; p-refinement and h-refinement; Gravity dams; 2D Lagrangian finite elements; FEM convergence; Linear-elastic behavior
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Estudos complementares no âmbito dos processos de reabilitação ambiental relacionados com a utilização da Base das Lajes pelos EUA - Análise dos resultados da monitorização de águas subterrâneas reali
O LNEC encontra-se a apoiar o Ministério da Defesa Nacional (MDN) num conjunto de questões técnico-ambientais relacionadas com a presença, nos últimos 60 anos, do contingente da Força Aérea Americana (USAFE) na Base das Lajes, ilha Terceira. Na sequência das conclusões e recomendações de estudos anteriormente realizados neste contexto, foi efetuada, em outubro de 2019, uma campanha de monitorização e amostragem de águas subterrâneas em locais onde foi identificada a necessidade de acompanhamento complementar da evolução da sua qualidade. Neste relatório apresenta-se uma análise dos resultados da referida campanha de monitorização de águas subterrâneas, comparam-se os resultados com os das campanhas efetuadas em outubro de 2018 e em fevereiro de 2019, terminando com um conjunto de conclusões e de recomendações sobre os locais analisados.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Leitão, T. E.; Antunes, M. L.
Keywords: Recomendações; Águas subterrâneas; Análise do estado; Base das Lajes
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Estudos complementares no âmbito dos processos de reabilitação ambiental relacionados com a utilização da Base das Lajes pelos EUA - Apreciação sumária do relatório Perform remedial action: installat
O LNEC encontra-se a prestar assessoria ao Ministério da Defesa Nacional (MDN) num conjunto de questões técnico-ambientais suscitadas pela presença, nos últimos 60 anos, do contingente da Força Aérea Americana (USAFE) na Base das Lajes, nos Açores, relacionadas essencialmente com a eventual contaminação de solos e de águas subterrâneas decorrentes do armazenamento e manuseamento de reservas de combustíveis e de outras substâncias, tendo em atenção as práticas adotadas no passado. No âmbito desta assessoria foi solicitada ao LNEC uma apreciação sumária do relatório intitulado "Perform remedial action: installation of monitoring wells and groundwater monitoring at Sites 3001 and 5001. Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal. Annual groundwater monitoring report. August 2019" (Tetra Tech, Inc., 2019).
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Leitão, T. E.; Antunes, M. L.
Keywords: Reabilitação; Monitorização; Instalação de piezómetros; Base das Lajes
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Estudos complementares no âmbito dos processos de reabilitação ambiental relacionados com a utilização da Base das Lajes pelos EUA - Relatório Final, 2019
O LNEC encontra-se a apoiar o Ministério da Defesa Nacional (MDN) num conjunto de questões técnico-ambientais relacionadas com a presença, nos últimos 60 anos, do contingente da Força Aérea Americana (USAFE) na Base das Lajes, ilha Terceira. Nesse contexto, o LNEC procedeu à caracterização adicional de um conjunto de locais. Neste relatório apresentam-se os trabalhos desenvolvidos e a análise dos resultados obtidos, terminando com um conjunto de conclusões e de recomendações sobre os locais analisados.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Leitão, T. E.; Mota, R.; Antunes, M. L.
Keywords: Recomendações; Base das Lajes; Águas subterrâneas; Solos; Análise do estado
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Estudos hidrogeológicos e de modelagem numérica para identificação do potencial dos aquíferos das bacias sedimentares de Cedro, Carnaubeira da Penha, Mirandiba e Betânia Relatório da atividade 15: rel
O presente Relatório da Atividade 15: RELATÓRIO SÍNTESE DE PROPOSIÇÃO DE PLANOS DE GESTÃO E INVESTIMENTO DOS AQUÍFEROS RTP-7, constitui o décimo quinto documento relativo aos estudos iniciados em 15 de maio de 2017, contratados pela SDEC/APAC ao Consórcio COSTA-Consultoria e Serviços Técnicos e Ambientais Ltda. do Recife/PE e o LNEC Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil de Lisboa/Portugal. De acordo com os TRs e contrato, esse relatório deverá contemplar uma integração dos resultados das atividades referentes aos itens 5,5. 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 e 5.10 além dos relatórios de Seminário de Mobilização a seguir intitulados: Item 5.5 Caracterização geológica e geométrica (dimensões e condições de contorno) 5.5.1 Mapeamento geológico 5.5.2 Levantamento geológico-estrutural das principais formações aquíferas Item 5.7 Caracterização hidrogeológica 5.7.1 Seleção de rede representativa de poços para monitoramento quantitativo 5.7.2 Nivelamento dos poços selecionados 5.7.3 Realização de campanha de medição de níveis de água 5.7.4 Elaboração de mapas potenciométricos 5.7.5 Definição dos poços para testes de aquífero 5.7.6 - Execução de testes de aquífero 5.7.7 Avaliação da recarga natural dos sistemas aquíferos 5.7.8 Avaliação das reservas, potencialidades e disponibilidade 5.7.9 Balanço Hidrogeológico Item 5.8 Caracterização hidrogeoquímica e de Vulnerabilidade Natural dos aquíferos 5.8.1 Seleção de poços para medições de variáveis hidroquímicas, bacteriológicas e isotópicas 5.8.2 Resultados das análises executadas 5.8.3 Interpretação hidrogeoquímica 5.8.4 Elaboração de mapas de zoneamento hidrogeoquímico e de vulnerabilidade natural dos aquíferos. Item 5.9 Definição de elementos de suporte à gestão dos aquíferos 5.9.1 Mobilização social 5.9.2 Cenários 5.9.3 Planejamento do Zoneamento Explotável 5.9.4 Definição de áreas estratégicas para futura locação de sondagens e poços exploratórios. 5.9.5 Elaboração de estudos de viabilidade para a instalação de sensores telemétricos nos poços da área de estudo 5.9.6 Modelagem numérica dos aquíferos Item 5.10 Elaboração de planos de investimento Relatório do Seminário de Mobilização Eventos de mobilização realizados: Apresentação preliminar do RTPD, Apresentação pública do RTPD, e 2(duas) oficinas sobre Identificação de problemas nas bacias em estudo e sugestões e proposição dos planos de gestão e investimento.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Oliveira, M. M.; Leitão, T. E.; Martins, T.; Mendes, A.; Teixeira, J.; Henriques, M. J. A.; LOURENÇO, R.
Keywords: Estudos hidrológicos; Planos de gestão e investimento dos aquíferos
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Estudos hidrogeológicos e de modelagem numérica para identificação do potencial dos aquíferos das bacias sedimentares de Cedro, Carnaubeira da Penha, Mirandiba e Betânia. Relatório da atividade 14: re
O presente Relatório da Atividade 14: "Relatório síntese da modelagem numérica dos aquíferos. (RTP-6)" constitui o décimo quarto documento relativo aos estudos iniciados em 15 de maio de 2017, contratados pela SRH/APAC ao Consórcio COSTA-Consultoria e Serviços Técnicos e Ambientais Ltda. do Recife/PE e o LNEC Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil de Lisboa/Portugal, Contrato n.º PSHPE 003/2017, Acordo de Empréstimo n.º 7778-BR. O relatório apresenta os trabalhos conduzidos para fazer a modelagem numérica das quatro bacias sedimentares. Apresenta-se para cada bacia modelada toda a informação necessária para a construção do modelo: caracterização da malha do modelo, modelo conceitual e número de camadas considerado, definição da geometria tridimensional do modelo, propriedades hidráulicas de cada unidade hidrogeológica modelada, recarga dos aquíferos, definição das condições de contorno rio, caracterização das extrações e sua distribuição e caracterização dos poços de observação de nível piezométrico para calibração do modelo. São apresentados os processos utilizados para fazer a calibração do modelo, referindo e explicando as rodadas realizadas e referindo aquelas que constituem as versões calibradas dos modelos. A modelagem realizada permitiu compreender as grandes direções de escoamento subterrâneo, que as áreas das bacias sedimentares de Mirandiba e do Cedro em estudo estarão em situação de sobre-explotação e que as áreas das bacias de Betânia e de Carnaubeira da Penha apresentam, à escala da bacia, disponibilidades hídricas que permitem satisfazer as demandas.
Ano: 2019
Autor(es): Oliveira, M. M.; Leitão, T. E.; Mendes, A.; Martins, T.; Teixeira, J.
Keywords: Estudos hidrológicos
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