Publicações

Poplar wood is a light, soft, and fast-growing timber from a hardwood species, characteristics that make it suitable for several applications. This study focused on the mechanical characterization of Portuguese poplar species, namely white poplar (Populus Alba) and black poplar (P. nigra), aiming for its structural use. Therefore, a sample of lamellae was assessed to determine its density and dynamic modulus of elasticity, using a non-destructive device, based on longitudinal vibrations. Clear wood specimens were obtained from a set of lamellae to perform tension and compression parallel-to-grain tests. These tests were used to determine the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression and the tensile and compressive strengths and strains. Also, typical stress-strain curves were identified for the sample studied. The results stressed the potential for structural applications of Portuguese poplar.

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Four types of sandwich panels with multilayered designs were produced using wood veneer of Aleppo pine as face and inner sheets, and cork agglomerate as core,intended for use in construction as panelling or partition walls in interior applications. These multilayered sandwich panels were characterized regarding static hardnessand dimensional stability when facing changes in relative humidity and when subjected to a deformation. The panels showed a considerable increase in dimensional stability and shear strength with the increase of the number oflayers. The results suggest that the correct design choice, for example number of inner wood sheets and thickness of cork core layers, allows these sandwich panels to be used as non-structural construction elements such as partition walls.

Changes in flagellate protist communities of subterranean termite Reticulitermes gras-sei across different locations were evaluated following four predictions: (i) Rural endemic (Portugal mainland) termite populations will exhibit high diversity of symbionts; (ii) invasive urban populations (Horta city, Faial island, Azores), on the contrary, will exhibit lower diversity of symbionts, showing high similarity of symbiont assemblages through environmental filtering; (iii) recent historical colonization of isolated regions

This paper describes the use of non-destructive methods to assess the mechanical properties of structural glued laminated timber made from poplar. The longitudinal vibration method and transformed section method were considered. Full-scale tests were also performed to determine the most relevant mechanical properties of 18 beams, namely modulus of elasticity and bending strength. In addition, the bonding performance of each beam was checked by delamination and shear strength tests. Detailed analysis of the results was performed and combined with Levene's and Tukey's tests. The accuracy of the two non-destructive test methods was evaluated by linear regression analysis. The transformed section method showed stronger correlations with modulus of elasticity and shear strength. Slightly lower values were presented by the longitudinal vibration method. A strength class of GL24c can be assigned for glued laminated poplar made with timber with lower properties at the inner lamellas.

Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) wood samples were subjected to a combined treatment by densification and heat treatment. Samples were densified before and after heat treatment. The heat treatment was made inside an oven at 190ºC during 2 to 6 h and wood densification was made in a hot press at around 48 bar pressure and temperatures between 160ºC and 200ºC for 30 min. Compression-set, compression-set recovery after three cycles of water soaking followed by oven drying, density, hardness, bending strength and stiffness and durability against subterranean termites were determined after the treatment. Results show that densification increases density, hardness, bending strength, stiffness and durability against termites. Heat treatment applied after the densification is more effective in reducing compression-set recovery than if applied before.

The ability of subterranean termites to digest lignocellulose relies not onlyon their digestive tract physiology, but also on the symbiotic relationshipsestablished with flagellate protists and bacteria. The objective of this workwas to test the possible effect of different cellulose-based diets on the communitystructure (species richness and other diversity metrics) of the flagellateprotists of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei. Termitesbelonging to the same colony were subjected to six different diets (naturaldiet, maritime pine wood, European beech, thermally modified Europeanbeech, cellulose powder and starvation), and their flagellate protist communitywas evaluated after the trials.All non-treated sound woods produced similar flagellate protist communitiesthat were more diverse and of high evenness (low dominance).On the contrary, flagellate protist communities from cellulose-fed termitesand starving termites were considered to be significantly different from allnon-treated woods; they were less diverse and some morphotypes becamedominant as a consequence of flagellate protist communities having sufferedmajor adaptations to these diets. The flagellate protist communitiesof untreated beech and thermally modified beech-fed termites were consideredto be significantly different in terms of abundance and morphotypediversity. This may be caused by a decrease in lignocellulose qualityavailable for termites and from an interference of thermally treated woodwith the chemical stability of the termite hindgut.Our study suggests that as a consequence of the strong division oflabour among these protists to accomplish the intricate process of lignocellulosedigestion, termite symbiotic flagellate protist communities are adynamic assemblage able to adapt to different conditions and diets. Thisstudy is important for the community-level alteration approach, and it isthe first study to investigate the effects of thermally modified wood on theflagellate protist communities of subterranean termites.

Serviceability limit states (related to deformation) rather than ultimate limit states (related to collapse)are often the reason for the need to assess existing timber structures. Prediction of timber members

Monitoring and evaluation of glued laminated timber structures in service is essential to warrant its integrity, where non-destructive techniques play an important role. This paper describes the results obtained on glued laminated timber beams of maritime pine, with and without preservative treatment, and of spruce, exposed to naturaloutdoor environment as well as to artificial weathering. The assessment of glue lines

This paper presents work carried out with the aim of characterizing the mechanical behavior and developing visual and machine strength grading systems for Portuguese maritime pine roundwood for structural applications. Two samples of forty maritime pine logs each were collected, one in a northern region of Portugal and another in an interior central region. After drying, the logs were visually graded andsubjected to nondestructive tests, using vibration and ultrasounds, for determination of dynamic modulus of elasticity. The logs were then subjected to destructive tests for determining bending and compression strength and bending modulus of elasticity. These results were analyzed in order to identify the features to be considered in the strength grading process. From this analysis, a proposal was developed tovisually grade Portuguese maritime pine roundwood in two strength grades. According to the European strength class standard for solid timber, the upper grade has similar mechanical properties to the C50 class, whereas the lower grade is similar to the C35. The machine grading showed good potential as a result of the good correlation presented between the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the mechanical properties. However, the ultrasounds showed slightly better correlation than the vibration method, whereas the last one is more practical.

The European Union has been progressively introducing sustainable environmental policies which aim to improve the energy performance of new and existing buildings towards a climate-neutral building stock by 2050. As a result, the use of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) has been increasing in both new and thermal retrofitted façades to enhance the level of thermal insulation of the building envelope (i.e., lowering reference U-values). However, the enhanced thermal performance of these systems can have impact on their long-term durability, thus potentiating further anomalies. For example, greater values of thermal resistance may lead to a decrease of surface temperature during the night, thus increasing the risk of surface condensation and favoring biological colonization. This paper aims to investigate the influence of the hygrothermal behavior of three ETICS with different rendering systems and thermal insulation composition to withstand biological colonization. All systems were exposed outdoors at an urban site in Lisbon, Portugal, facing North. The surface temperature, the surface relative humidity and the meteorological conditions were monitored for four months. At the same time, the capillary water absorption and the aesthetic properties of the systems were evaluated after 6, 9 and 12 months of outdoor exposure. Moreover, biological colonization was visually assessed using a previously defined rating scale. The onsite monitoring results were then compared with the water performance, aesthetic properties and biological colonization observed throughout natural aging. The highest level of biological development was obtained for the lime-based ETICS with ICB thermal insulation, which also presented the highest capillary water absorption and color alteration after one year of natural aging. On the other hand, the silicate-based system obtained the highest risk of surface condensation, and no biological growth was detected in this system during the exposure period.

In the case of interventions in existing buildings, the assessment of timber elements and joints, such as the Single Step Joint, is a challenge for engineers, especially when timber presents signs of biological degradation. In this context, many roof structures are subject to unnecessary substitutions due to the lack of knowledge about the behaviour of these types of joints, and specially the consequences of eventual biological attacks. This study aims to evaluate theresidual shear strength of Single Step Joints artificially degraded by wood boring insects from the Anobiidae family (e.g. Anobium punctatum). To achieve the established objectives, destructive tests were carried out on undamaged (reference level) and artificially degraded Single Step Joint specimens, varying the level of degradation. The results were analysed in terms of degradation level and compared with the results obtained with design equations for this type of joint found inthe literature. From the analysis of the results, it was possible to observe the tendency of reduction of the shear strength with the increase of the degradation level.

Subterranean termites, despite their essential role as decomposers on natural ecosystems, are voracious pests of wood in service, and may cause damage to wood in buildings and economic losses associated with treatments and repair costs. In-ground baiting stations are one of the most used techniques for subterranean termites

Subterranean termites, despite their essential role as decomposers on natural ecosystems, are voracious pests of wood in service, and may cause damage to wood in buildings and economic losses associated with treatments and repair costs. In-ground baiting stations are one of the most used techniques for subterranean termites

Os ensaios de ligações realizados no LNEC abrangeram várias combinações de espécie (Pinus Sylvestris e Picea Abies) e teor de água da madeira, geometria da ligação (madeira-aço-madeira ou aço-madeira-aço), tipos de carregamento e níveis de tração axial do ligador. Esta comunicação apresenta o programa experimental e discute os resultados obtidos nos ensaios monotónicos, à luz do dimensionamento das ligações segundo o Eurocódigo 5 (EC5).Conforme previsto, as ligações com parafusos menos esbeltos apresentaram maior propensão para desenvolverem rotura frágil, mesmo seguindo a pormenorização recomendada no Eurocódigo 5. Os resultados confirmaram a influência do aperto dos parafusos e do teor de água da madeira no comportamento da ligação.

A inovação registada na última década, no campo dos produtos de madeira para a construção,tem vindo a alterar a visão das potencialidades da madeira como elemento estrutural, sustentando um renascimento do seu uso como material estrutural. O CLT tem vindo a permitir o ressurgimento de forma expressiva da construção em madeira em altura (edifícios com mais de 6 pisos), contribuindo para a necessidade de descarbonizar o setor da construção.A presente comunicação apresenta alguns dos produtos que têm vindo a surgir no mercado, alertando-se para aspetos básicos que devem orientar a escolha destes materiais, a sua receção em obra, cuidados em obra e princípios básicos na sua aplicação tendo em vista assegurar a sua durabilidade (tempo em serviço) e, desta forma, permitir que constituam um fator verdadeiro de sustentabilidade na construção.

A possibilidade de se vencer antigas limitações inerentes ao uso da madeira maciça com o desenvolvimento de novos produtos derivados de madeira, como é exemplo a Madeira Lamelada Cruzada Colada (MLCC), aliada à maior sensibilidade atual às questões ecológicas, tornam a madeira um material com potencialidades renovadas. Por outro lado, trata-se de um material natural sujeito a degradação biológica cuja durabilidade em diferentes climas e situações de aplicação é ainda questionável. Os agentes biológicos são capazes de causar danos à madeira que podem ser simplesmente estéticos, mas que em níveis mais elevados podem levar à redução considerável das suas propriedades mecânicas. Neste contexto, este estudo expõe as condições propícias à instalação e desenvolvimento dos principais agentes de degradação da madeira e discute a importância da existência de um plano de monitorização de estruturas de produtos derivados de madeira para uma promoção de uma maior vida útil destas construções.

The development of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins as a means of impregnating solid wood is one that has been explored for several decades, both in terms of conventional impregnation processing (Impreg) or compressional impregnation (Compreg). However, it is only recently with advances in processing conditions that the method truly affords a means of achieving conventional modification for solid timber. This paper has investigated the modification of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) using PF resin at 22.5% and 30% solids content, with subsequent curing at 150oC under pressure. Samples were tested against Reticulitermes grassei according to EN117 over a period of 8 weeks using no-choice and choice tests. Controls included unmodified blocks and those modified without resin but just water, whilst treated blocks included those subjected to water soaking as well as without. No choice testing realised significantly reduced attack ratings, particularly for higher solid content treatments even following water soaking and 100% termite mortality. Modification with water did not influence level of attack and mortality which indicates it is the resin and not the process that imparts resistance to termite attack. Two-choice termite testing showed low attack for both impregnation treatment levels, with results slightly better for the higher solid contents treatment, whilst triple choice testing further confirmed this. In choice tests, slight attack of resin treated blocks took place, though significant attack of control blocks occurred, even when 100% mortality occurred by the end of the test. This seemed to suggest that ingestion of PF treated wood led to poisoning. Results confirm the potential of PF-treatment of solid wood as a method for minimising risks from subterranean termite attack.

O desenvolvimento de tração perpendicular às fibras em elementos de madeira lamelada colada tem sido reconhecido como causa de danos e acidentes graves em estruturas, merecendo por isso uma atenção especial.Elementos curvos e elementos retos de inércia variável constituem um especial desafio, dado que potenciam o desenvolvimento de tensões perpendiculares às fibras da madeira, que podem ser críticas para a integridade dos elementos lamelados colados e a segurança estrutural. Este fenómeno é ilustrado e discutido através da modelação numérica de duas estruturas. Os modelos foram desenvolvidos com o software de cálculo automático SAP2000, recorrendo a elementos de casca e uma análise linear, assumindo um comportamento ortotrópico para o material.

A aderência constitui uma das características mecânicas fundamentais dos varões de aço nervurados para o bom desempenho dos elementos de betão armado onde estes varões são utilizados, assegurando a transmissão de esforços entre o betão e as armaduras de aço desses elementos e, consequentemente, o funcionamento conjunto dos dois materiais. O controlo das características de aderência dos varões de aço nervurados é habitualmente realizado através da verificação da geometria das suas nervuras transversais. Em particular, procede-se à avaliação da área relativa das nervuras transversais, fR, com base nos valores de diferentes parâmetros geométricos dessas nervuras. Os estudos sobre a influência relativa dos diferentes parâmetros geométricos que condicionam a aderência dos varões têm revelado que a altura das nervuras transversais, a, é habitualmente o parâmetro que maior contribuição apresenta para a aderência dos varões nervurados. A aplicação de produtos de aço em construções de betão armado em Portugal depende da sua prévia Classificação pelo LNEC. O LNEC assegura ainda o apoio técnico ao controlo periódico do fabrico destes produtos, na sequência das respetivas Ações de Acompanhamento da Certificação. O presente artigo apresenta um estudo estatístico dos valores da altura das nervuras transversais dos varões de aço dos tipos A400 NR, A400 NR SD, A500 ER, A500 NR e A500 NR SD. As respetivas distribuições globais foram obtidas a partir dos resultados experimentais recolhidos pelo LNEC no âmbito do controlo periódico destes varões. Com base nos resultados obtidos apresentam-se os valores médios e os desvios-padrão das distribuições estatísticas globais desta característica geométrica, a, quando avaliada pelos fabricantes ou pelo LNEC. Além disso, a fim de ilustrar as diferenças entre as distribuições estatísticas da altura das nervuras de varões provenientes de diversas origens, são apresentados, para cada tipo de varão, exemplos de distribuições referentes, cada uma delas, a um único fabricante.

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O Museu da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa possui uma preciosa xiloteca assinada pelo Mestre dos marceneiros portugueses, José Aniceto Rapozo contendo 1213 amostras de madeiras do Brasil e 12 de outras origens. A sua importância no progresso do conhecimento dos recursos florestais do Brasil naviragem dos séculos dezoito e dezanove conduziu ao estudo em curso. Dada a devastação verificada em vastas áreas florestais brasileiras, surgem dificuldades por certas espécies poderem ter distribuiçãogeográfica diferente (com eventual extinção, geral ou localizada), por insuficiência do material de comparação, e por ambiguidade das designações comerciais.Foi possível identificar esta xiloteca como uma de quatro encomendadas a Aniceto Rapozo pelo Príncipe Regente. A análise das amostras de madeira e a informação documental mostram que a colecçãotem por base uma remessa de 5008 amostras de madeiras do Brasil enviada em 1784 para o Arsenal Real do Exército, em Lisboa, pelo Vice-Rei do Brasil, Luís de Vasconcellos e Souza.O valor científico do conjunto é evidenciado pela identificação botânica das espéciesrepresentadas. Na situação actual, a identificação das espécies florestais representadas na amostragem foiinteiramente conseguida em 14% dos casos, conseguida mas ainda por confirmar em 27%. Dado o carácter preliminar deste estudo, os seus resultados serão ulteriormente publicados com mais pormenor. Among the Lisbon Academy of Sciences Museum collection there is a valuable xylarium by theleading Portuguese master cabinet-maker José Aniceto Rapozo (1756-1824), comprising 1213 wood samples from Brazil plus 12 from elsewhere. This collection is most important since it allows us to improve the knowledge on Brazilian forest resources by the end of the eighteenth century and thebeginning of the next. This study aims to establish its historical framework and scientific value. Owing tooverexploitation and even devastation of very large forest areas in Brazil, difficulties for our study aroseeither as some species may have now a different geographical distribution (and eventually may have underwent local or general extinction), by lack of adequate comparison material, or because of ambiguityof the commercial names.Results so far obtained allowed us to recognize the xylarium as one of the four commanded Rapozo by the Regent Prince, later King João VI (1767-1826). Taking into account the wood samples analyses as well as bibliographic data it is possible to conclude that the collection was prepared from a set 3 of 5008 Brazilian wood samples sent to the Royal Arsenal in Lisbon in 1784 by the Brazil

This work collects information about laboratory tests to evaluate the properties of agro-industrial wastes used for thermal insulation building materials considering them individually and in composits. It focuses on bio-susceptibility, as one of the main aspects to consider for bio-based building products.

Innovation in structures and construction materials demands a more accurate performance analysis during the life cycle. In addition, climatic changes pose new challenges to civil infrastructures that were not so relevant in the past. In most cases, the traditional test methods cannot accurately assess the complex phenomena involved in durability. The modern and complex factors require a different approach to durability analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to present innovative durability tests on construction materials: wood; rammed earth, cob and unfired blocks; natural stone; bituminous binders and mixtures; and Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) to concrete bonded connections. Most of these tests concern the accelerated simulation of the main phenomena involved in durability performance

Laboratory tests were carried out to define production parameters of innovative eco-efficient composites made up of hazelnut shells as aggregate and a sodium silicate solution as adhesive. The aim was to maximize the content of bio-aggregates and minimize the amount of adhesive, guaranteeing the feasibility of producing samples. Therefore, after preliminary testing, the percentages of hazelnut shells and the sodium silicate solution were kept constant: 70% and 30% of the total volume, respectively. However, the characteristics of the considered composites did not allow the production of uniform samples. The sodium silicate solution was not rapidly absorbed by the bio-aggregates; during the drying process, it was deposited on the bottom side of the samples. The uniformity of the samples is required to guarantee a correct evaluation of their performance and future homogeneous panels. Hence, different production parameters were investigated, such as drying at T

The durability of construction materials is a key concern and can be related to different actions such as weathering conditions outdoors enhanced by climatic change, chemical and biological attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service over time. Frequently, several actions develop simultaneously, making it difficult to reproduce in situ conditions in laboratory. Furthermore, testing to assess durability depends largely on the nature of the material itself or on the way it has been assembled with other materials. The ageing techniques to assess long-term durability performance of construction materials are based on accelerated durability tests, which include, for example, thermal stress, freeze

This paper presents an overview of research carried out to assess the bonding suitability of Portuguese timbers.Most work developed in the last decades has focused Maritime pine timber, due to its traditional use in building construction, good mechanical properties and availability. Untreated, as well as preservative treated Maritime pine have been studied, as its impregnability allows deep treatment suitable for applications in Use Classes 3 and 4.Recent results on bonding preservative treated Maritime pine wood are discussed.Preliminary results regarding other species that are becoming available in the Portuguese market are also presented, as an attempt to reduce pressure on Maritime pine timber as well as to seek more valuable alternatives for their traditional uses.

No presente trabalho apresentam-se os resultados mais relevantes obtidos num programa experimental desenvolvido no LNEC com o objetivo de caracterizar a aderência dos varões nervurados do tipo A500NR SD existentes no mercado, fundamentalmente para melhorar a modelação do comportamento dos elementos de betão armado de zonas críticas de estruturas inseridas em zonas sísmicas.O programa experimental desenvolvido pretende simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar e tem como principais variáveis varões de dois diâmetros frequentemente utilizados (16 e 25 mm), dois níveis diferentes de área relativa das nervuras (A e B) e duas classes de betão (C1 e C2), ambos representativos do betão utilizado nas construções mais relevantes.Os resultados obtidos quer nos ensaios monotónicos quer nos ensaios cíclicos apontam para um decréscimo da tensão de aderência com o aumento do diâmetro da ordem dos 10%. O aumento da área relativa das nervuras transversais traduz-se num incremento da tensão máxima de aderência da ordem dos 15%, com uma redução do deslizamento que ronda os 15%. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs que, no caso dos varões com maior área relativa das nervuras, a tensão de aderência máxima possa variar entre 2,35 e 2,65 vezes a raiz quadrada da resistência do betão à compressão e que o patamar onde a tensão de aderência é máxima se situe entre 0,5 e 1,5 mm de deslizamento.Explorou-se também o fenómeno da entrada em cedência da armadura tendo-se concluído que, em provetes que pretendem simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar, a entrada em cedência da armadura conduz a uma redução da tensão de aderência máxima inferior a 10%, quer regime monotónico quer em regime cíclico.

O presente trabalho de investigação refere-se à conservação de elementos estruturais de madeira medianamente degradados por fungos em edifícios antigos. Propõe-se estudar a compatibilidade entre produtos de tratamento e de consolidação por impregnação, aplicados sequencialmente. A avaliação do processo foi realizada maioritariamente em laboratório e na óptica do desempenho mecânico conjunto da madeira e produtos aplicados, por intermédio de ensaios físico-mecânicos destrutivos e não destrutivos e também por ensaios mecânicos não destrutivos realizados in situ. Foram utilizados produtos comerciais, aplicando-os às espécies de madeira correntemente encontradas nos edifícios antigos da zona de Lisboa: Pinho bravo e Casquinha. Procedeu-se à avaliação mecânica de madeira nova e antiga, em estado são e degradado; ao desenvolvimento de um método de medição da profundidade de penetração de produtos de tratamento; à avaliação da capacidade consolidante de madeira degradada por produtos poliméricos fluidos e à avaliação da sua actuação conjunta, estudada com e sem envelhecimento artificial. Os resultados obtidos indicaram significativos aumentos de capacidade mecânica da madeira degradada, quando submetida a tratamento e consolidação Este trabalho desenvolve, assim, uma proposta de solução para a madeira que não se encontra sã, mas que ainda possui capacidade resistente, não necessitando, por isso, de ser removida. O processo de tratamento e consolidação promove resistência aos agentes biológicos e, simultaneamente, recuperação de alguma resistência mecânica da madeira, conferindo-lhe capacidade para continuar em serviço.

Subterranean termites from the genus Reticulitermes are an important pest ofwood in service throughout southern Europe and elsewhere. For effective termitecontrol with long term protection but minimal environmental damage, newintegrated approaches to termite management are needed. Baiting-based systemsseem to be promising non-traditional methods for termite control, targeting thecolony as a whole. However, control through baiting is only feasible when it isknown that the toxicant can be transferred to all the colonies foraging on theinfested area and also throughout each individual colony. Accordingly, the workdescribed is specifically designed to achieve a better understanding of thedistribution and delimitation of colonies within a population of Reticulitermes,with parallel insights into foraging behaviour and colony organization.Initially, the species/subspecies spectrum present within the notionalReticulitermes group in Portugal was reassessed. It was shown that Reticulitermesgrassei is the only species encountered. Foraging activity was then assessed in anexperimental woodland site over two successive annual cycles, both by thesampling of natural lying dead wood and by a standard baiting grid. R. grasseiseem to select wood with larger diameter, with an apparent preference for materialalready decayed by fungi. Both termite and fungal attack on wood seems to bepromoted by higher moisture levels, such as prevail in larger litter items andduring seasonal rains. Termites were unable to detect and direct their foragingtowards sound wood in laboratory conditions, suggesting that the network ofinfochemical signals is more complex than just volatiles emanating from soundwood. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) was used to delineate foraging groups,which were then allocated to their parent colonies by the use of microsatellitemarkers. The results suggest that resource sharing is a facultative behaviour,specifically when food is not a limiting factor for colony development. Theimplications of all these findings for bait technology and protocols are discussed,with reference to the local population ecology of Reticulitermes.

The project CircularBuild -

Relatório final do projeto PTDC/ECM/099121/2008

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-2, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de norma apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-5, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de revisão apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente relatório descreve a participação do LNEC no programa europeu de intercomparação de calibrações de forças

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 850 (1985)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 386 (1965)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão das Normas Portuguesas NP 449 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 450 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa relativo ao ensaio de dilatação de anéis de tubos metálicos, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos, com a finalidade de preencher lacunas da Normalização Portuguesa neste domínio que a indústria e as instituições ligadas ao controlo da qualidade considerem ser mais urgente colmatar.O texto apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

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