Publicações

Prototype boards of high-density expanded cork agglomerates (230 and 290 kgm

N/A

Kosovo is relatively small place with 10870 km2 where 44.7% of its territory is covered with trees. To date, Kosovo has passed through three important phases of economic development; the first phase was the emergency one after war, the second phase was privatization of social enterprises and the third phase was sustainable development. The after war period was very important for this sector because it has passed through a reconstruction process, privatization and development and become part of the internal and foreign markets. Positive developments in the field of wood industry led to the number of work places offered in this field are increasing; also requirements for specialized workforce and qualification workers are increasing. This is the reason why today

This review focuses on cork as a natural, renewable and sustainable construction raw-material. Cork has an unusual combination of properties making it suitable for application in buildings and infrastructures, for example insulation, wear-resistance and durability. The material properties combined with a favourable ecological footprint allow designers, architects and engineers to meet some of the Green Building demands. A summary on cork production, structure, chemistry and properties was made. The processing into ork-based products, for example cork agglomerates and composites, is detailed as well as their properties and applications in construction. The aptitude of cork-based products for compliance with sustainability and energy efficiency criteria is also addressed.

Purpose

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) are being increasingly used as alternatives to wooden decks. In the presentstudy, it was verified the potential loss of stiffness of WPC deck boards as a result of moisture intake. It wasalso assessed the importance ofmoisture intake in the fulfilment of serviceability limit states. For these purposes, three different types of commercial WPC decks were studied, with high (WPCH), medium (WPCM) and low (WPCL) expected mechanical performance. Different experimental designs were followed to simulate full exposure to outdoor conditions and the effect of possible internal stress due to differential shrinkage and the swelling behaviour of fibres and the matrix. The results indicate a high loss of bendingmodulus of elasticity due to water absorption (between 40 and 50%) and shrinkage/swelling movements (between 22 and 29%). This level of stiffness loss has a direct impact on ensuring the compliance to the serviceability limit states. A strong negative linear relationship between water absorption and the loss of bending stiffness was established, which can be a helpful tool to assist manufacturers in defining the application rules and ensuring the expected service life of their products.

The present work aims to develop the Life Cycle Assessment study of thermo-modifiedAtlanticwood® pine boards based on real data provided by Santos & Santos Madeirascompany. Atlanticwood® pine boards are used mainly for exterior decking and claddingfacades of buildings. The LCA study is elaborated based on ISO 14040/44 standard and Product Category Rules for preparing an environmental product declaration for Construction Products and Construction Services. The inventory analysis and, subsequently, the impact analysis have been performed using the LCA software SimaPro8.0.4. The method chosen for impact assessment was EPD (2013) V1.01. The results show that more than ¾ of

Subterranean termites are serious pests of wood in service in much of the world. One of the most popular techniques for monitoring and controlling termites is the use of in-ground monitoring stations. Different cellulosic matrices were evaluated in terms of mass loss, moisture content variation and termite presence, accounting for spatial coordinates and monitoring station conditional variables, including: type of cellulosic matrix, matrix treatment and meteorological conditions, during one year in field conditions, both in Portugal and in the USA. A multivariate redundancy analysis wasperformed resulting in 60.4% of data variability being explained by the variables considered in this analysis. Spatial variables were responsible for the highest amount of variance observed in the response variables monitored for the termite monitoring stations, followed by the type of cellulosic matrix, from which cellulose and Hevea brasiliensis were the most influential variables. The optimization of termite in-ground monitoring stations should be performed through correct evaluation of termite feeding preferences and decay resistance, in order to choose an adequate bait matrix and a proper bait design. The termite species biology and the geographical location where control programs will be applied should also be taken into account.

This work describes the treatment of Pinus pinaster wood with four different industrialwood preservatives (two anti-bluing or fungicide and two fungicide/pesticide)and the detection and quantification of the dioxin contamination profile in the woodshavings. The samples were collected from poultry liters during three contaminationincidents of poultry meat. Two methods used were, both nonpressure: one by immersingthe wood samples in the preservative solution and the other by impregnationof the preservative solution into the wood, with vacuum. It was concluded thatthere is no difference in terms of contamination profile, caused by the different industrial wood treatment preservative products in study. A clear correlation betweenthe commercial products used in wood treatment and the contamination profile ofwood shavings that have been used as bedding material in poultry production wasdetected.

A presente nota biográfica refere o percurso de Júlio Ferry do Espírito Santo Borges nas diversas temáticas da engenharia de estruturas que mereceram o seu maior interesse e resume a sua contribuição em diversos tipos de atividades para entidades nacionais e internacionais, baseando se num texto do Investigador do LNEC Vítor Monteiro.

Adjustable telescopic steel props are one of the most common temporary structural elements used in the construction industry, namely to support the formwork during the building, rehabilitation or retrofit of permanent structures. This paper presents different approaches concerning the numerical modelling of the structural response of axially compressed props

O carvalho-português (Quercus faginea Lam.) é uma espécie autóctone, cuja madeira actualmente nãoé utilizada e sobre a qual pouco se sabe. No entanto, dado que a sua madeira foi outrora utilizada na construçãode naus e de caravelas, é de crer que tenha um potencial elevado para a produção de produtos nobres, como é ocaso dos pavimentos.Com o objectivo de averiguar o potencial tecnológico da madeira de Carvalho português para revestimento desuperfícies, foi realizada a caracterização das suas propriedades físico-mecânicas e avaliada a sua durabilidadenatural face a térmitas subterrâneas, utilizando metodologias normalizadas. Foram utilizadas dez árvoresprovenientes de duas regiões de Trás-os-Montes. Os resultados mostraram que a madeira de Q. faginea é dedureza muito alta para o cerne (101 N/mm2) e possui resistência fraca quanto à tensão de ruptura à flexão estática(99 N/mm2) e média quanto à compressão (47 N/mm2) para uma massa volúmica média de 870 kg/m3.De modo a avaliar o comportamento em produtos compósitos, produziram-se também 20 peças com duasespessuras de madeira de Carvalho, coladas a madeira de Espruce (Picea abies H. Karsten), que foramsubmetidas a uma carga estática de 1kN. Os resultados demonstram que a dureza do pavimento diminui com aredução da espessura da lâmina de carvalho.

This paper presents the initial laboratory work developed with the aim of consolidating timber that has beensubjected to the action of rot fungi, by impregnation with polymeric products. This technique has been largelyused in restoration of works of art but not so much in civil engineering.Indeed, structural wooden elements in buildings are often subjected to degradation by rot fungi due to theaccidental presence of water from various causes such as deficiencies in plumbing, broken tiles, clogging ofguttering or degradation of exterior masonry. In these situations the question arises about which repair action totake: replace the whole element? Replace only the damaged part by inserting prosthesis? Maintain the damagedelement, strengthening or consolidating it? The option of maintaining in the building the original (even thoughdeteriorated) timber has been gaining more and more importance, because the loss of the element contributes tothe loss of its historical identity. Consolidation by impregnation falls within this context, thus justifying deeperstudies.The laboratorial work, developed using degraded maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) specimens, is presented. Thetest-specimens were prepared in the laboratory, to reach different decay levels by varying the exposure time tobrown-rot fungi (Coniophora puteana). Three commercial low-viscosity products, specific for the impregnationof timber deteriorated by rot fungi, were tested: two epoxy-based and one acrylic. The efficiency of theseproducts was assessed through compression tests parallel to the grain and hardness tests, involving bothimpregnated and non impregnated wood. Their influence, when applied to degraded timber, on its waterabsorption behavior was also tested.

Whilst previous wood modification conferences have dealt with technological advances,there has been limited consideration of market potential. Given the increasing levels ofcommercialisation, this is now being considered by several groups. There is a need tocritically assess why we are trying to develop new modification technologies, and whatbenefits can be gained from using those already in the marketplace. These benefits canvary from country to country, even in some cases within regions in a country. Thispaper will review many of the key parameters necessary for converting a good idea (inthis case a wood modification process) to a commercial reality, including: Logistics

A verificação da resistência, em regime elástico, de secções em I submetidas a um esforço normal e a flexão desviada é habitualmente realizada através de equações lineares simplificadas que podem conduzir, nalguns casos, a resultados bastante conservativos. O presente trabalho apresenta a dedução de um critério alternativo para o cálculo do estado limite elástico destas secções, através da integração de uma distribuição de tensões plana na secção transversal. O critério não linear obtido pode ser escrito de forma idêntica à das expressões regulamentares existentes, incluindo ainda dois factores adicionais que permitem tomar em consideração a influência dos parâmetros geométricos que condicionam a resistência da secção.

Timber is one of the most used materials in the roofs and floors of monumental constructions in Portugal. Thesetimber elements are often visible, which allows easier identification of the timber species, characterization ofdetails, evaluation of deterioration and conservation.Complex timber structures, such as those belonging to the roofs of large monuments, are often not easy tounderstand in a expedite way. This complexity makes the field of conservation of historical timber structures notonly a challenge but also a field much in need of modern research.Load bearing timber structures are exposed during their life to some degradation factors which lead, in theabsence of appropriate maintenance interventions, to the loss of their structural integrity and serviceability.Often the intervention

N/A

Joints in traditional timber structures usually present notches where stresses are transferred by compression and, to some extent, by friction between the contact surfaces. There are many structures still in service today which employ a wide range of traditional notched joints with and without different metal parts, some introduced during construction and others added later as reinforcement, which can be reduced to a few common typologies. These traditional timber connections, even without any strengthening device, usually exhibit some moment-resisting capability, but common design methods are mainly focused in the transmission of compression internal forces and do not account for the presence of metal parts. Thus the common employment of steel stirrups, internal bolts or clamping devices in traditional connections can have unexpected consequences in the global performance of timber a structure, because while enhancing the joints

Este trabalho aborda a substituição de rebites por parafusos injectados com resina em estruturas metálicas antigas rebitadas. Este tema tem ganho cada vez mais relevância dado que existem várias estruturas metálicas antigas em funcionamento, algumas de grande utilidade, cujas condições de funcionamento actuais exigem a sua reabilitação e reforço. Um dos aspectos importantes a considerar neste tipo de intervenções é a substituição de rebites nas ligações rebitadas. A prática corrente em Portugal é a substituição de rebites por novos rebites, que, embora seja uma solução estruturalmente coerente, acarreta custos elevados e longos tempos de execução. Esta realidade leva a que seja necessário encontrar soluções alternativas.

Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes grassei) were surveyed over successiveseasons in a managed eucalyptus plantation in southeastern Portugal for 26months. Termite activity in seven diameter categories of lying dead wood wasinvestigated by a modified line intersection method (LIS). Each item sampled wasinspected and assessed for termite attack and for general (i.e. fungal) decay statususing standard protocols. Line intersection is quantitative to the extent that it canlink foraging and decay parameters to woody biovolume. It was found thattermites selected items with larger diameter, the observed trend showing anexponential character with greater termite attack as diameter increased. Attack bytermites was positively associated with prior decay by fungi. A clear positiverelationship was shown between rainfall and total woody biovolume containinglive termites, underlining the importance of moisture for termite activity. Subterraneantermites appeared to be important wood decomposers in the woodlandstudied, with an average of 30% of lying dead wood branches showing signs oftermite attack.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

O Museu da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa possui uma preciosa xiloteca assinada pelo Mestre dos marceneiros portugueses, José Aniceto Rapozo contendo 1213 amostras de madeiras do Brasil e 12 de outras origens. A sua importância no progresso do conhecimento dos recursos florestais do Brasil naviragem dos séculos dezoito e dezanove conduziu ao estudo em curso. Dada a devastação verificada em vastas áreas florestais brasileiras, surgem dificuldades por certas espécies poderem ter distribuiçãogeográfica diferente (com eventual extinção, geral ou localizada), por insuficiência do material de comparação, e por ambiguidade das designações comerciais.Foi possível identificar esta xiloteca como uma de quatro encomendadas a Aniceto Rapozo pelo Príncipe Regente. A análise das amostras de madeira e a informação documental mostram que a colecçãotem por base uma remessa de 5008 amostras de madeiras do Brasil enviada em 1784 para o Arsenal Real do Exército, em Lisboa, pelo Vice-Rei do Brasil, Luís de Vasconcellos e Souza.O valor científico do conjunto é evidenciado pela identificação botânica das espéciesrepresentadas. Na situação actual, a identificação das espécies florestais representadas na amostragem foiinteiramente conseguida em 14% dos casos, conseguida mas ainda por confirmar em 27%. Dado o carácter preliminar deste estudo, os seus resultados serão ulteriormente publicados com mais pormenor. Among the Lisbon Academy of Sciences Museum collection there is a valuable xylarium by theleading Portuguese master cabinet-maker José Aniceto Rapozo (1756-1824), comprising 1213 wood samples from Brazil plus 12 from elsewhere. This collection is most important since it allows us to improve the knowledge on Brazilian forest resources by the end of the eighteenth century and thebeginning of the next. This study aims to establish its historical framework and scientific value. Owing tooverexploitation and even devastation of very large forest areas in Brazil, difficulties for our study aroseeither as some species may have now a different geographical distribution (and eventually may have underwent local or general extinction), by lack of adequate comparison material, or because of ambiguityof the commercial names.Results so far obtained allowed us to recognize the xylarium as one of the four commanded Rapozo by the Regent Prince, later King João VI (1767-1826). Taking into account the wood samples analyses as well as bibliographic data it is possible to conclude that the collection was prepared from a set 3 of 5008 Brazilian wood samples sent to the Royal Arsenal in Lisbon in 1784 by the Brazil

This work collects information about laboratory tests to evaluate the properties of agro-industrial wastes used for thermal insulation building materials considering them individually and in composits. It focuses on bio-susceptibility, as one of the main aspects to consider for bio-based building products.

Innovation in structures and construction materials demands a more accurate performance analysis during the life cycle. In addition, climatic changes pose new challenges to civil infrastructures that were not so relevant in the past. In most cases, the traditional test methods cannot accurately assess the complex phenomena involved in durability. The modern and complex factors require a different approach to durability analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to present innovative durability tests on construction materials: wood; rammed earth, cob and unfired blocks; natural stone; bituminous binders and mixtures; and Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) to concrete bonded connections. Most of these tests concern the accelerated simulation of the main phenomena involved in durability performance

Laboratory tests were carried out to define production parameters of innovative eco-efficient composites made up of hazelnut shells as aggregate and a sodium silicate solution as adhesive. The aim was to maximize the content of bio-aggregates and minimize the amount of adhesive, guaranteeing the feasibility of producing samples. Therefore, after preliminary testing, the percentages of hazelnut shells and the sodium silicate solution were kept constant: 70% and 30% of the total volume, respectively. However, the characteristics of the considered composites did not allow the production of uniform samples. The sodium silicate solution was not rapidly absorbed by the bio-aggregates; during the drying process, it was deposited on the bottom side of the samples. The uniformity of the samples is required to guarantee a correct evaluation of their performance and future homogeneous panels. Hence, different production parameters were investigated, such as drying at T

The durability of construction materials is a key concern and can be related to different actions such as weathering conditions outdoors enhanced by climatic change, chemical and biological attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service over time. Frequently, several actions develop simultaneously, making it difficult to reproduce in situ conditions in laboratory. Furthermore, testing to assess durability depends largely on the nature of the material itself or on the way it has been assembled with other materials. The ageing techniques to assess long-term durability performance of construction materials are based on accelerated durability tests, which include, for example, thermal stress, freeze

This paper presents an overview of research carried out to assess the bonding suitability of Portuguese timbers.Most work developed in the last decades has focused Maritime pine timber, due to its traditional use in building construction, good mechanical properties and availability. Untreated, as well as preservative treated Maritime pine have been studied, as its impregnability allows deep treatment suitable for applications in Use Classes 3 and 4.Recent results on bonding preservative treated Maritime pine wood are discussed.Preliminary results regarding other species that are becoming available in the Portuguese market are also presented, as an attempt to reduce pressure on Maritime pine timber as well as to seek more valuable alternatives for their traditional uses.

No presente trabalho apresentam-se os resultados mais relevantes obtidos num programa experimental desenvolvido no LNEC com o objetivo de caracterizar a aderência dos varões nervurados do tipo A500NR SD existentes no mercado, fundamentalmente para melhorar a modelação do comportamento dos elementos de betão armado de zonas críticas de estruturas inseridas em zonas sísmicas.O programa experimental desenvolvido pretende simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar e tem como principais variáveis varões de dois diâmetros frequentemente utilizados (16 e 25 mm), dois níveis diferentes de área relativa das nervuras (A e B) e duas classes de betão (C1 e C2), ambos representativos do betão utilizado nas construções mais relevantes.Os resultados obtidos quer nos ensaios monotónicos quer nos ensaios cíclicos apontam para um decréscimo da tensão de aderência com o aumento do diâmetro da ordem dos 10%. O aumento da área relativa das nervuras transversais traduz-se num incremento da tensão máxima de aderência da ordem dos 15%, com uma redução do deslizamento que ronda os 15%. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs que, no caso dos varões com maior área relativa das nervuras, a tensão de aderência máxima possa variar entre 2,35 e 2,65 vezes a raiz quadrada da resistência do betão à compressão e que o patamar onde a tensão de aderência é máxima se situe entre 0,5 e 1,5 mm de deslizamento.Explorou-se também o fenómeno da entrada em cedência da armadura tendo-se concluído que, em provetes que pretendem simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar, a entrada em cedência da armadura conduz a uma redução da tensão de aderência máxima inferior a 10%, quer regime monotónico quer em regime cíclico.

O presente trabalho de investigação refere-se à conservação de elementos estruturais de madeira medianamente degradados por fungos em edifícios antigos. Propõe-se estudar a compatibilidade entre produtos de tratamento e de consolidação por impregnação, aplicados sequencialmente. A avaliação do processo foi realizada maioritariamente em laboratório e na óptica do desempenho mecânico conjunto da madeira e produtos aplicados, por intermédio de ensaios físico-mecânicos destrutivos e não destrutivos e também por ensaios mecânicos não destrutivos realizados in situ. Foram utilizados produtos comerciais, aplicando-os às espécies de madeira correntemente encontradas nos edifícios antigos da zona de Lisboa: Pinho bravo e Casquinha. Procedeu-se à avaliação mecânica de madeira nova e antiga, em estado são e degradado; ao desenvolvimento de um método de medição da profundidade de penetração de produtos de tratamento; à avaliação da capacidade consolidante de madeira degradada por produtos poliméricos fluidos e à avaliação da sua actuação conjunta, estudada com e sem envelhecimento artificial. Os resultados obtidos indicaram significativos aumentos de capacidade mecânica da madeira degradada, quando submetida a tratamento e consolidação Este trabalho desenvolve, assim, uma proposta de solução para a madeira que não se encontra sã, mas que ainda possui capacidade resistente, não necessitando, por isso, de ser removida. O processo de tratamento e consolidação promove resistência aos agentes biológicos e, simultaneamente, recuperação de alguma resistência mecânica da madeira, conferindo-lhe capacidade para continuar em serviço.

Subterranean termites from the genus Reticulitermes are an important pest ofwood in service throughout southern Europe and elsewhere. For effective termitecontrol with long term protection but minimal environmental damage, newintegrated approaches to termite management are needed. Baiting-based systemsseem to be promising non-traditional methods for termite control, targeting thecolony as a whole. However, control through baiting is only feasible when it isknown that the toxicant can be transferred to all the colonies foraging on theinfested area and also throughout each individual colony. Accordingly, the workdescribed is specifically designed to achieve a better understanding of thedistribution and delimitation of colonies within a population of Reticulitermes,with parallel insights into foraging behaviour and colony organization.Initially, the species/subspecies spectrum present within the notionalReticulitermes group in Portugal was reassessed. It was shown that Reticulitermesgrassei is the only species encountered. Foraging activity was then assessed in anexperimental woodland site over two successive annual cycles, both by thesampling of natural lying dead wood and by a standard baiting grid. R. grasseiseem to select wood with larger diameter, with an apparent preference for materialalready decayed by fungi. Both termite and fungal attack on wood seems to bepromoted by higher moisture levels, such as prevail in larger litter items andduring seasonal rains. Termites were unable to detect and direct their foragingtowards sound wood in laboratory conditions, suggesting that the network ofinfochemical signals is more complex than just volatiles emanating from soundwood. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) was used to delineate foraging groups,which were then allocated to their parent colonies by the use of microsatellitemarkers. The results suggest that resource sharing is a facultative behaviour,specifically when food is not a limiting factor for colony development. Theimplications of all these findings for bait technology and protocols are discussed,with reference to the local population ecology of Reticulitermes.

The project CircularBuild -

Relatório final do projeto PTDC/ECM/099121/2008

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-2, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de norma apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-5, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de revisão apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente relatório descreve a participação do LNEC no programa europeu de intercomparação de calibrações de forças

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 850 (1985)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 386 (1965)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão das Normas Portuguesas NP 449 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 450 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa relativo ao ensaio de dilatação de anéis de tubos metálicos, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos, com a finalidade de preencher lacunas da Normalização Portuguesa neste domínio que a indústria e as instituições ligadas ao controlo da qualidade considerem ser mais urgente colmatar.O texto apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

N/A

N/A

O presente Documento de Classificação classifica os varõesde aço MEGASA 500S

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A