Publicações

The HYDRALAB+ Project is an advanced network of European research organisations that focus on physical modelling of environmental hydraulics. The aim is to develop and improve the experimental facilities for the investigation of expected climate change impacts to ensure that future management and adaptation measures are effective. An important aspect of this work is to identify new or alternative experimental methods and resources to better support future work in modelling climate change impacts and adaptation strategies.

Numerical simulations using the SWAN-VEG model (Simulating WAves Nearshore, with vegetation module) were performed considering the case of Ilha Solteira (SP) reservoir, a navigable stretch of the Tietê

Scour protection is an important component of fixed bottom foundations for offshore wind turbines. Depending on the hydrodynamic conditions, they might be indispensable to avoid the structural collapse of the foundation due to scour phenomena. The design of scour protections is typically deterministic, which often results in overestimated mean diameters of the armour layer.Moreover, the design methodologies currently applied do not provide a measure of safety associated with the proposed design. The present research proposes a novel methodology to assess the safety of the protection and to perform the probabilistic design of static and dynamic scour protections. A case study based on Horns Rev. 3 offshore wind farm is used to show how to select the mean stone diameter according to a pre-defined probability of failure of the protection. The results show that a dynamic scour protection could be safely designed with a reduction of the mean stone diameter up to 15 cm, when compared with the statically stable protection.

The Canary Islands have a long coastline with varying levels of exposure to severe sea conditions. Frequent states of alert and emergency in some parts of their coastline are commonly related to the occurrence of extreme wave conditions. Among the phenomena directly driven by the waves when reaching the shore are the wave run-up and overtopping. Both the study of the flood level, including its variability, and the associated risks are key tools in the planning and management of coastal zones. The aim of this research is to examine the probability of occurrence of run-up events capable of exceeding different topographical levels, for estimating the risk level associated with flooding of the different areas in which the Boca Barranco Beach can be divided, in terms of their nature and use. This beach is located on the island of Gran Canaria, Spain, and is part of the site of scientific interest of Jinámar. A large wave dataset is used as input to a high-resolution numerical model for propagating offshore wave conditions to shallow waters in the study area. Furthermore, the morphology of the study area is reproduced by combining different bathymetric databases. Finally, the probability of occurrence of different levels of run-up and the corresponding levels of consequences are assigned, to assess the flood risk in the different areas of the beach, which are presented in a risk map of flooding in the study area.

Scale-model tests are usually required to evaluate the hydraulic and structural behavior of proposed rubble-mound breakwater designs. In order to speed up and ease the armor layer damage assessment, we developed a technique based on stereo photogrammetry. A key feature of this technique is its ability to compensate for the refraction in the air-water interface, thus producing a survey of the envelope of the armor layer without the need to empty the wave flume or wave basin where the scale model tests are carried out. This article describes this technique and the tests made to establish confidence in it and in the damage evaluation on a breakwater scale model. Results led to an error estimation of only fractions of a centimeter.

O HIDRALERTA é um sistema de previsão, alerta e avaliação do risco de galgamentos/inundação em zonas costeiras e portuárias, partindo da utilização de medições/previsões da agitação marítima para calcular o galgamento/inundação nessas zonas. O cálculo dos caudais médios galgados sobre uma estrutura marítima é efetuado através de ferramentas neuronais e/ou fórmulas empíricas, que não permitem definir a distribuição espacial desse caudal atrás da estrutura.Este artigo apresenta a aplicação ao porto/baía da Praia da Vitória, Açores, de um método expedito para modelar essa distribuição espacial, recorrendo a ferramentas SIG. Foi estabelecida uma relação entre a cota de inundação e o volume galgado de água através da utilização de um modelo digital de terreno. Este trabalho representa um primeiro passo na elaboração de um mapa de risco associado ao galgamento costeiro.

O conhecimento das características de propagação, transformação e rebentação das ondas próximo da costa é fundamental para estudos de hidrodinâmica e para o projeto de estruturas costeiras e portuárias.No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas utilizando o pacote de software OpenFOAM®, recorrendo ao solver IHFoam, para simular a propagação de ondas regulares sem rebentação num canal tridimensional. O código numérico resolve as equações de Navier-Stokes em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) para identificar a superfície livre. Foi considerada uma onda regular incidente com 1,5 s de período e 0,1 m de altura. Esta é uma das condições de entre o vasto conjunto de ensaios em canal de ondas, realizado no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) cujo objetivo foi a análise da hidrodinâmica da propagação de ondas sobre um fundo de batimetria variável, para várias condições de agitação incidente.São feitas comparações entre os resultados numéricos e os experimentais. Estas comparações incluem: evoluções temporais de sondas de nível em várias localizações ao longo do canal e correspondentes espetros de amplitude; evolução da altura significativa e do período médio das ondas ao longo do canal; evolução temporal das componentes da velocidade em localizações selecionadas no canal e distribuição bidimensional dessas componentes.Constata-se que os resultados numéricos obtidos apresentam valores próximos dos experimentais. As diferenças verificadas são atribuíveis a imprecisões numéricas bem como a diferenças entre a forma de geração e dissipação de ondas entre o numérico e o experimental.

An investigation of the applicability of the SWASH model for wave overtopping estimation of a porous structure with a recurved wall was carried out. The results demonstrate the capability of SWASH to predict with good accuracy the mean overtopping discharges when compared to data from physical model tests. Also, detailed validation of the instantaneous wave overtopping shows a reasonable agreement.Whilst free surface is well represented without considering several parametrizations, even for one-layer mode, wave overtopping is very sensitive to any variation in numerical and physical parameters. Wave overtopping simulations are very sensitive to the non-linear Forchheimer coefficient,

This paper focus on the study of different methodologies for surveying two-dimensional scale models of a rubble mound breakwaters.Tests were conducted in one of the LNEC

Este artigo descreve os mais recentes desenvolvimentos do sistema SWAMS ALERT. O sistema consiste em quatro módulos: I - Características da agitação marítima; II - Navegação em áreas portuárias; III - Avaliação de Risco e IV - Sistema de Alerta. O sistema está a ser desenvolvido e implementado numa plataforma web totalmente interativa e amigável.O sistema SWAMS ALERT usa as características da agitação marítima medidas ou previstas para determinar os seus efeitos em termos de movimento vertical excessivo de uma embarcação em manobras que entra ou sai de uma bacia portuária ou em termos de forças em amarras e defensas, bem como de movimentos de um navio amarrado. Para isso, o sistema utiliza um conjunto de modelos numéricos. A comparação dos valores calculados das variáveis relevantes com valores máximos pré-definidos permite a avaliação em tempo real de possíveis situações de emergência ou quando a segurança das operações portuárias estiver em risco e emitir avisos às autoridades competentes; e ainda a construção de mapas de risco, considerando longas séries temporais de ondas de mar medidas ou previstas ou cenários predefinidos associados a alterações climáticas ou eventos extremos.Ilustra-se a aplicação deste sistema ao porto da Praia da Vitória.

The design of certain seawalls / breakwaters has often been required to achieve very low target overtopping discharges when these structures protect vulnerable infrastructure or activities. The balance between economically viable protection and performance requirements is often difficult to achieve without good knowledge on low overtopping. The paucity of data in this space and the high uncertainties associated with existing methods, increase the challenge. The occurrence of a low number of overtopping waves has the consequence that any test results are substantially more affected by the inherent variation of random waves, therefore more uncertain. The physical model test results presented hereafter were successful in obtaining low to very low overtopping discharge data. For low / very low overtopping, these test data present considerable scatter relative to the latest empirical prediction. A number of repetitions was performed for conditions giving very low overtopping discharges, which illustrated the inherent uncertainty associated with low overtopping.

Rubble mound breakwaters (RMB) are the most common maritime structures in Portugal. Their main goal is to reduce the action of waves on the sheltered area of the structure to achieve safety conditions for ships, people and harbour activities.To account and define the need for maintenance or repair works on such structures, it is necessary to evaluate its evolution along its expected lifetime. To predict damages that may occur in those structures and evaluate its importance in terms of structural safety and functionality, it is therefore of utmost importance to follow a monitoring program on such structures. For that purpose, a monitoring mobile tool to be used onsite by the observer would be very useful, adding in this way more efficiency to the existing traditional monitoring techniques used nowadays at LNEC, where visual, systematic, observations are made to attain relevant qualitative evaluation of those structures.Hence, a responsive WebGIS system was developed (Maia et al., 2017) for assisting the observation campaigns, enabling the introduction of photos and videos, their accurate georeferencing, the automatic evaluation of the current, and evolutive, structural state of the structure, and also the checking of physical characteristics of the structure and materials.Besides briefly describing the monitoring tool, this paper focuses primarily on demonstrating its application to a real case scenario of an inspection campaign to the RMB of Ericeira,Portugal, on the 20th of April 2017.

O LNEC tem implementado, desde 1986, um programa designado por OSOM (Observação Sistemática de Obras Marítimas) para quebra-mares de talude localizados em Portugal continental. Para armazenamento, consulta e análise da informação que vai sendo recolhida sobre os diferentes quebramares no programa OSOM, desenvolveu-se no LNEC a aplicação ANOSOM (Análise de Observação Sistemática de Obras Marítimas), a qual tem vindo a ser alvo de diversas atualizações, inclusivamente o manuseamento de nuvens de pontos provenientes de levantamentos dos quebra-mares com sistema de sondador multifeixe e/ou com a ajuda de UAV. Presentemente está em desenvolvimento uma aplicação Web a, ANOSOM_SIG, a qual virá a ser utilizada como interface da base de dados ANOSOM que inclui as funcionalidades de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), transformando-se assim, numa ferramenta de gestão de risco em estruturas de proteção costeira e portuária.O objetivo desta comunicação é descrever a aplicação ANOSOM_SIG, bem como as suas funcionalidades até agora implementadas, apresentando alguns exemplos de aplicação.

This paper ilustrates lhe application of a non-linear shallow water numerical model, AMAZON, to study Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converters (OWC-WEC) inregrated in vertical breakwaters. This application has been performed within the scope of the research project DITOWEC - Development of an Integrated Tool for Numerical Modelling of Oscillating Water Cohumn Wave Energy Converters Integrated in Vertical Breakwaters. The main objective of DITOWEC is the development of an innovative integrated tool for numerical modeling of wave propagation from offshore to nearshore, of wave-structure interaction and of the complex nonlinear hydrodynamic and aerodynamic phenomena that occur in an OWC-WEC. This development is supported by field data from PICO power plant (Azores) and from two-dimensional experimental data, from physical model tests carried out at LNEC, which are used here for AMAZON calibration/validation. A sensitivity analysis on AMAZON parameters (grid resolution and momentum adjustment factor at vertical barrier) is presented and discussed, centered on wave height obtained near and inside lhe water chamber, amplification factor and phase lag. The obtained AMAZON results are encouraging though more tests are required for different water depths, vertical openings and incoming wave periods, allowing further calibration and validation of the momentum adjustment factor.

Com base em 10 anos de dados de temporais medidos na boía ondógrafo de Sines entre os anos 2001 e 2010, analisaram-se as características de diversos parâmetros da agitação, entre as quais as alturas de onda (significativa e máxima), o período médio e a direção de agitação. Em particular estudou-se a relação entre alturas de onda máxima e alturas de onda significativa durante condições de temporal, compararam-se as relações encontradas com as propostas na literatura e usualmente aplicadas no dimensionamento de quebra-mares verticais, e analisou-se a sua influência na estabilidade dessas estruturas. Verificou-se que os coeficientes de segurança calculados com base em valores de altura máxima registada são inferiores aos calculados com a relação proposta na literatura.

O dispositivo de aproveitamento de energia das ondas de tipo coluna de água oscilante (CAO) é um sistema que foi desenvolvido há já algumas décadas. Em condições de agitação marítima forte, pode ocorrer entrada de ar na câmara-de-ar do dispositivo, pela abertura submersa, comprometendo assim o seu rendimento. A colocação de uma parede vertical submersa, em frente ao dispositivo (UCAO), permite evitar este problema, mas altera o seu desempenho. Neste artigo, o modelo SPH é utilizado para uma primeira análise comparativa da hidrodinâmica dos dois dispositivos. Verifica-se que o factor de amplificação é fortemente condicionado pela dimensão da abertura submersa, reduzindo-se para uma abertura pequena, particularmente para os períodos de onda mais baixos. A amplitude da cava, na câmara de água e em frente ao dispositivo, é menor na configuração de UCAO que na CAO. É, assim, evidente que a UCAO reduz fortemente o risco de sucção de ar na câmara, embora reduza o factor de amplificação, quando comparada com a CAO.

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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