Publicações

O galgamento de estruturas portuárias consiste na passagem de água sobre o coroamento da estrutura pela ação da agitação marítima e é um dos fenómenos com maior impacto na integridade da estrutura e na segurança da zona por ela protegida. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o galgamento num quebra-mar de taludes, com um importante muro cortina, protegido por um quebra-mar submerso. Em particular, pretende-se otimizar a geometria do quebra-mar submerso situado a barlamar do quebra-mar de taludes, no qual se pretende diminuir o galgamento.A estrutura marítima em estudo é o molhe norte do Porto de Leixões, em frente ao qual já existe um quebra-mar submerso na zona da cabeça. Pretende-se estender a zona do molhe protegida pelo quebra-mar submerso e, para tal, é necessário estudar qual a melhor geometria e posição a adotar para este quebra-mar.Para estudar a influência da geometria e da posição do quebra-mar submerso no galgamento do molhe norte, utilizou-se o modelo numérico IH2VOF. Simularam-se três condições de agitação regular, que diferem somente na altura de onda, e sete geometrias do quebra-mar submerso, que diferem da configuração original (a existente atualmente) em três características: a distância entre o quebra-mar submerso e o molhe, a cota de coroamento do quebra-mar submerso e a sua largura de coroamento.Com a realização deste estudo, para as condições de agitação consideradas, verificou-se que as características com maior impacto na redução do galgamento no molhe norte do Porto de Leixões são: o aumento da distância entre o quebra-mar submerso e o molhe e o aumento da cota de coroamento do quebra-mar submerso. O caudal médio de galgamento para as condições de agitação em estudo reduziu-se de um valor máximo de 0,71 l/s/m para a configuração original para 0,02 l/s/m em duas das novas configurações analisadas, ou seja, uma redução de 97% face à configuração original.

The susceptibility of bridge decks to vortex induced oscillations can b eaddressed through wind-tunnel testing. This paper considers the case of the Vila-Real Bridge, in the north of Portugal, which has the highest deck above ground (230m), among concrete-deck bridges cable-stayed in the central plane. It has a single-cell rectangular box girder with a wide top flange supported by regularly spaced inclined struts. Aeroelastic studies of this precise type of deck seem nonexistent in the literature.Results of sectional model tests are presented for a selection of three distinct angles of attack and three deck configurations, including a solution, alternative to the usual mitigation measures, that solved the susceptibility to vortex induced vibration of the deck and that has no relevant additional design or building costs.With the proposed approach, bridge designers may be able to relegate the use of sections with high aerodynamic performance

Wave-induced flow velocity and turbulence may cause scouring in the seabed around coastal structures depending on the wave climate and tidal water depth. A 3-D physical modelling study was conducted to investigate the possible causes of the sinking of two submerged coastal structures on the Santa Maria del Mar (SMM) beach, Spain. The experimental investigation was conducted by employing a Froude similarity law with a geometric scale of 1:20, and the submerged modular structure was subjected to different wave climates and tidal water levels. The combinations of the significant wave height and peak period were chosen from in-situ real wave conditions thatwere monitored during the sinking of the prototype structures. Linking and unlinking conditions for the modules in the structure were investigated in this study. The results show that the modules sank to approximately 48% of their height at the end of the tests with storm waves and semi-linking conditions of low water depth. Most of the experimental results were compatible with the prototype monitoring results. Tests with proper linking among themodules and testswith an appropriate gravel foundation resulted in a sustainable solution because they presented much less or almost no scouring and sinking.

Despite the simplicity of the geometry of the circular cylinders, the uniform flow around them is complex,since it may induce unsteady forces on structures associated with vortex shedding. This paper describes the study of two circular cylinders (the downstream one is elastically mounted in transversal direction) in tandem arrangement subject to bi-dimensional uniform laminar flows at low Reynolds numbers. The academic numerical model Ifeinco, which is based on the finite element method and uses a partitioned scheme that considers two-way interaction of fluid flow and structure, has been employed to the analysis.Firstly, both stationary cylinders in tandem arrangement for Re = 100 are analysed for center to center distance between the cylinders, L/D, from 1.5 to 6.0. Results of lift and drag coefficients and Strouhal number are compared with other numerical results and good agreement is found. Secondly, numerical results for L/D = 5.25, considering downstream elastically mounted cylinder, are analysed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 140. It shows that the resonance occurs for Reynolds numbers between 115 and 120 and the maximum dimensionless amplitude of oscillation is 0.721 for Re = 118.

Techniques based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been increasingly applied to predict emergency situations, such as extreme wave conditions, wave overtopping or flooding, and damage to maritime structures, in coastal and port areas. In this work, a fuzzy adaptive resonance theory with mapping (FAM) ANN was trained to predict the wave regime both inside and at the entrance to the Port of Sines, one of the major trade and economic gateways of the Iberian Peninsula, located on the Portuguese west coast. In situ measurements using pressure sensors, wave buoy data, and results from two numerical wave propagation models

The main goal of this paper is to develop a photogrammetric method in order to obtain arobust tool for damage assessment and quantification of rubble-mound armour layers during physicalscale model tests. With the present work, an innovative approach based on a reduced number ofdigital photos is proposed to support the identification of affected areas. This work considers twosimple digital photographs recording the instants before and after the completion of the physicaltest. Mathematical techniques were considered in the development of the procedures, enabling thetracking of image differences between photos. The procedures were developed using an open-sourceapplication, Scilab, nevertheless they are not platform dependent. The procedures developed enablethe location and identity of eroded areas in the breakwater armour layer, as well as the possibilityof quantifying them. This ability is confirmed through the calculation of correlation coefficients ineach step of the search for the more damaged area. It is also possible to make an assessment of themovement of armour layer units.

The availability of clean energy of wind waves is enough to meet current demand of the world, attracting researches to find devices with good performance to extract this type of energy. The oscillating water column converter is a type of device that has been extensively studied for this purpose. This paper describes a numerical analysis of an onshore oscillating water column device taking into account hydrodynamic and aerodynamic coupling, performance curves of the turbine and air pressure control by a relief valve. The numerical analyses are carried out by the Fluinco model, based on slightly compressible flow method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations, and employing the two-step semi-implicit Taylor-Galerkin method. The aerodynamic model is based on the first law of thermodynamics applied to the air column inside the chamber and on turbines similar to Pico

O conhecimento dos esforços resultantes da interacção de uma onda com um quebra-mar verticaltorna-se essencial no dimensionamento deste tipo de estruturas. No presente trabalho, o modelo numérico SPHyCE, baseado numa metodologia de tipo SPH - Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, é utilizado para o cálculo das forças num quebra-mar vertical. Para analisar a evolução das forças de impacto foram consideradas várias condições de profundidade no pé da estrutura e de altura de onda incidente abrangendo diferentes regimes de forças. A comparação dos resultados do modelo numérico com os das formulações empíricas permitiu verificar que as forças previstas são semelhantes para os casos de regime de onda parcialmente estacionária. No entanto, para o regime de forças de impacto, existem diferenças que se devem a diversos factores: i) a rebentação da onda no modelo SPHyCE pode não corresponder necessariamente à forma de rebentação prevista nas formulações empíricas; ii) no caso da rebentação com aprisionamento de ar, cuja influência no valor das forças é relevante, o modelo numérico atinge o seu limite de aplicação, pois não integra o ar e não existem formulações aplicáveis; iii) as formulações empíricas aplicáveis com rebentação dão valores claramente por excesso.

Uniform flows over circular cylinders in different arrangements appear in manypractical situations. Analyses of side-by-side, tandem and staggered arrangements have shownsignificant differences among flow parameters and the interaction of the flow and the cylinder,by comparison with single cylinder parameters. This paper describes the study of two circularcylinders in tandem arrangement subject to bi-dimensional uniform laminar flows at lowReynolds numbers from 90 to 140. Cases with distance between cylinders equal to 5.25diameter for both fixed cylinders and for a fixed upstream cylinder and a downstream oneelastically mounted in transversal direction are analysed. The numerical model Ifeinco, whichis based on the finite element method and uses a partitioned scheme that considers two-wayinteraction of fluid flow and structure, is employed in the analysis. The fluid flow model usesa semi-implicit two-step Taylor-Galerkin method to discretize the Navier-Stokes equations andthe arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian formulation to follow the cylinder motion. The analysis ofthe cylinder movement is carried out by using one DOF dynamic equation for the transversedirection discretized in time by the implicit Newmark method. For both fixed cylinders,differences in terms of lift and drag coefficients and Strouhal number are found by comparisonwith the ones of the single cylinder. When the downstream cylinder is elastically mounted, alock-in phenomenon is observed in a range of Reynolds numbers, characterized by thediscontinuity of the lift and drag coefficients, vortex vibration and natural frequenciesapproximation and increase in vibration amplitude.

Pressure disturbance waves are computed via a fully nonlinear, unsteady, boundary integral formulation for various Froude numbers. Three moving pressure distributions are introduced in the numerical model to evaluate the produced wave patterns in a channel. For Froude numbers equal to one, classical runaway solitons are obtained on the fore of the moving pressure patch whereas "stern" waves are radiated away. "Step-like" pressure distributions give different responses to the free-surface flow, with upward breaker jets and steeper "stern" waves. For supercritical and subcritical flows, steady solitons and stationary trenches moving at the same speed of the pressure distribution are obtained, respectively. Nonlinear results show that the wave field is significantly affected by the chosen moving pressure distribution, with breaking "bow" waves and steeper "stern" waves when "step-like" pressure functions are used.

Este artigo refere-se a estudos realizados para o projeto de um recife artificial paraamplificação das ondas de vento de curto período (5 a 8s) a fim de melhorar oaproveitamento energético e as condições de surfe em uma praia cuja rebentação écolapsante na zona costeira do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.O projeto preliminar deste recife foi desenvolvido através de um estudo em modelo numéricode propagação de ondas regulares, Ref/Dif. Após alguns testes da geometria do recife, estaetapa gerou uma forma final, que foi simulada com o modelo numérico totalmente não-linearCoulwave, e em modelo físico, construído na escala 1:15, para comparação dos resultadose proposição de possíveis alterações na forma da estrutura a fim de aumentar suaeficiência.Pretendeu-se avaliar o desempenho dos modelos numéricos na simulação da hidrodinâmicaem torno do recife pelo que são mostradas comparações entre os resultados obtidos nomodelo físico e nos modelos numéricos. Em relação à altura da onda, a diferença relativaentre os resultados obtidos no Coulwave e no modelo físico foi de 4%, enquanto que noRefDif foi de 5%. Verificou-se que efeitos não lineares como a reflexão das ondas no taludeda estrutura que não apareceram na modelagem com o Ref/Dif se mostraram importantesna modelagem física, e foram bem representados pelo Coulwave.

RADE, acronym for Remote Access to Data and Experiments, is a Joint Research Activity of project HYDRALABIV - More than Water. Its aim is to develop a robust set of information systems to improve access to hydraulic experiments and data through innovative use of modern data management, curation and communication technologies. The objective of the present work is to describe two different methodologies, developed by the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) and by DELTARES, on remote access to data and experiments applied to hydraulic laboratory facilities.

Maritime structures (breakwaters, groynes, ocean wave/wind energyconverters, etc.) are exposed towave attack,which generates common emergency sit-uations with serious environmental and economic consequences. This paper presentsa methodology developed at LNEC for forecasting and early warning of wave over-topping in ports/coastal areas to prevent emergency situations and support theirmanagement and the long-term planning of interventions in the study area. It isimplemented in a risk management tool. The methodology uses numerical models topropagate waves from offshore to port/coastal areas to obtain the required input forovertopping assessmentmethods, such as empirical formulas and artificial neural net-works. The calculated overtopping values are compared with pre-established admis-sible values in order to define the warning levels. These admissible values are derivedfrom general international recommendations and information from local authorities.They depend on the characteristics of the overtopped structure and of the protectedarea, and on the activities developed there. The warning methodology is applied toPraia da Vitória Port (Azores-Portugal) as an illustrative example. Future develop-ments include the use of complex numerical models (e.g. Navier-Stokes equationssolvers; particle methods) to calculate wave overtopping and to extend the method-ology to warn of risks associated with wave energy production failure.

No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas utilizando o código OpenFOAM®, recorrendo à biblioteca porousWaveFoam, para simular a interação de ondas com um quebra-mar poroso. O código numérico resolve as equações VARANS (Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) para identificar a superfície livre. O meio poroso é modelado pela equação de Darcy

No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas utilizando o código OpenFOAM®, recorrendo à biblioteca porousWaveFoam, para simular a interação de ondas com um quebra-mar poroso. O código numérico resolve as equações VARANS (Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) para identificar a superfície livre. O meio poroso é modelado pela equação de Darcy

No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas, utilizando o código OpenFOAM®,para a interacção de uma onda regular com um cilindro horizontal totalmente submerso, colocado paralelamente àcrista das ondas incidentes, com o seu eixo a 3 raios de profundidade. O código numérico utilizado resolve asequações de Navier-Stokes em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) paraidentificar a superfície livre. É estudada a dependência da solução face ao refinamento da malha e feita acomparação dos resultados obtidos com dados experimentais e de outros códigos numéricos. São apresentadas: aelevação da superfície livre nas proximidades do cilindro; perfis de velocidade em localizações seleccionadas aolongo do canal; e o campo de velocidades nas proximidades do cilindro. Constatou-se uma boa correspondênciaentre os resultados obtidos no âmbito deste trabalho com os experimentais e os obtidos por outros códigosnuméricos.

No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas utilizando o código OpenFOAM®, recorrendo ao solver waves2Foam, para simular a propagação de ondas regulares sem rebentação num canal tridimensional. O código numérico resolve as equações de Navier-Stokes em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) para identificar a superfície livre. Foi considerada uma onda regular incidente com 1,5 s de período e 10 cm de altura. Esta é uma das condições de entre o vasto conjunto de ensaios em canal de ondas realizado no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) cujo objetivo foi a análise da hidrodinâmica da propagação de onda sobre um fundo de batimetria variável, para várias condições de agitação incidente. São feitas comparações entre os resultados numéricos e os experimentais. Estas comparações incluem: evoluções temporais de sondas de nível em várias localizações ao longo do canal e correspondentes espetros de amplitude; evolução da altura significativa e do período médio das ondas ao longo do canal; evolução temporal das componentes da velocidade em localizações selecionadas no canal e distribuição bidimensional dessas componentes. Constata-se que os resultados numéricos obtidos apresentam valores próximos dos experimentais. As diferenças verificadas são atribuíveis a imprecisões numéricas bem como a diferenças entre a forma de geração de onda entre o numérico e o experimental.

Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação da ferramenta numérica SWAMS para caracterizar o comportamento de um navio amarrado na bacia do Terminal de Contentores do Porto de Sines. São analisados os movimentos do navio, as forças nas amarras e nas defensas. Analisa-se ainda a influência do vento e da introdução de pré tensionamento nas amarras assim como a resposta do sistema quando sujeito a ondas longas. Os resultados permitem avaliar qual destes fatores tem maior influência sobre os movimentos do navio e a sua segurança.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

N/A

Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

N/A

N/A

N/A