Publicações

Tanto el perfil como la forma en planta de las playas fluviales vienen establecidos por numerosos factoresentre los que cabría destacar las características del sedimento y la dirección y módulo de la velocidad de la corriente en el río. Sin embargo, en ciertos casos, lejos incluso de su estuario o desembocadura, esta morfología puede estar determinada principalmente por la incidencia del oleaje pese a no tratarse de un entorno marítimo.Se presenta aquí una metodología cualitativa que nos permitirá reconocer los aspectos que influyen en la existencia de este tipo de morfologías. Para ello, se estudiará un caso particular, el de la playa de La Concordia ubicada en la margen izquierda del río Uruguay a 70 km de su desembocadura en el estuario del Rio de la Plata. Asimismo se analizará la forma en planta y se verificará que la misma está determinada por la acción del oleaje.

Three submerged coastal structures on the sandy seabed at SantaMaria delMar (SMM) Beach in Southwest Spain were monitored during the sixmonths after installation, starting inNovember of 2005. The monitoring evaluated the self-burial phenomenon of the 40 precast modular concrete elements of the three structures. Assessment included scouring around the structures, their vertical movement, the sinking velocity of the modules and the resulting beach profiles. Pressure sensors and precision topographies permitted continuous monitoring of the self-burial process for the first time in a full-scale case. Comparison of two bathymetries (one performed immediately prior to installation and another performed six months after installation) indicated slight accretion of the seabed,whereas intermediate topographic surveys indicated extensive scouring around the structures. The three structures began sinking into the sandy bottomplatform immediately after placement and continued until they reached the rocky bottom. This study implemented a new methodology using pressure sensors attached to the concrete modules to monitor the structural sinking. Unexpectedly, the average sinking speed was extremely rapid at approximately 3

The effects ofwave steepness andwave breaking on the stability of wave-dissipating blocks placed on caisson breakwaters are examined by hydraulic experiments under conditions with and without wave breaking. It is confirmed that there is a clear dependence of the block stability on the wave steepness through the wave-breaking type, such as plunging and spilling breakers. The stability parameter in thespilling breaker case is larger than that in the plunging breaker case. For non-breaking wave conditions, there is no effect of the wave steepness. An empirical stability formula is proposed taking into account the effects of the wave steepness and the wave-breaking type. Finally, by using the stability formula, failure probabilities of the wave-dissipating blocks having a nominal diameter are evaluated by the first-orderreliability method of the Level II reliability analysis.

This paper describes recent advances on maritime structures

This paper presents the numerical simulations done by using the waves2Foam, an OpenFOAM® library, to simulate the propagation of regular waves without breaking in a three-dimensional flume. The numerical code solves the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations and uses a Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) method to identify the free surface. A regular incident wave with a 1.5s period and 0.1m wave height, was considered. This is one of the conditions from the wide range of wave flume tests conducted at the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) whose objective was to analyze the hydrodynamics of wave transformation and wave breaking for different incident conditions over a variable bathymetry. Comparisons are made between the numerical and the experimental results. These comparisons include time-series of wave-gauges records at several locations along the flume and the corresponding amplitude spectra; significant wave height and average period evolution along the flume; time-series of the velocity components at one section of the flume, measured at the middle of the water column; and hodograph representation of the velocity components, in the middle of the water column, in the xy, xz, and yz planes along the flume. It was found that the numerical results obtained are close to the experimental data. The observed differences are attributable to numerical inaccuracies as well as the differences between the wave generation method in the numerical and experimental tests.

Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma breve descrição do papel da modelação física no apoio ao projeto de obras marítimas, seguida de um exemplo de ensaios realizados no âmbito da ampliação do porto de pesca de Rabo de Peixe, São Miguel

Descrevem-se os procedimentos para avaliar o caudal médio galgado sobre um trecho de um quebra-mar de taludesa partir das caraterísticas da agitação marítima incidente no mesmo trecho. Apresenta-se uma metodologia paraestimação de valores extremos daquele caudal, partindo das séries temporais da mesma variável, e ilustram-se essesprocedimentos num trecho do molhe oeste do porto de Sines que protege o posto 2 do terminal de granéis líquidos daação da agitação marítima. Este regime de extremos do caudal médio galgado é fundamental para a avaliação do riscode ocorrência de galgamentos não admissíveis no posto 2.

A plataforma continental setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte caracteriza-se por apresentar uma variedade de feições de fundo marinho que variam desde 10 cm até quilômetros, sobretudo submersos nas porções mais rasas da plataforma e indicam processos de retrabalhamento. Além do caráter singular dos processos, formas efáceis de fundo diferenciados a qual esta plataforma está submetida, compreendese a importância do conhecimento da dinâmica das ondas, uma vez que estas são consideradas o agente forçador dominante na hidro e morfodinâmica costeira. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é caracterizar o clima de ondas por meio da modelagem numérica, através do modelo de ondas de superfície do mar, SWAN, e analisar sua interação com o fundo marinho raso da plataforma continentalsetentrional do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram realizadas várias medições de campo entre 2011 e 2012, com o objetivo de se obter os parâmetros de ondas: altura signifi cativa (HS), período médio (Tmed), direção (DIR) para servir de comparação e validação da modelagem.Os resultados apontam que o SWAN conseguiu, no geral, reproduzir adequadamente o clima de ondas para este litoral. Entretanto, ao analisar os resultados, confi rmou-se que as alturas signifi cativas apresentam resultados mais aceitáveis em relação aos demais parâmetros. A interação da onda com o fundo marinho revela alteração das alturas significativas e direções ao propagarem-se sobre as formas de fundos presentes, como as rochas praiais, os campos de dunas longitudinais, transversais e subaquáticos. Tais resultados mostram que nesta plataforma continental o mecanismo de dissipação dominante à propagação das ondas nestas águas rasas é o atrito de fundo.

A plataforma continental setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte caracteriza-se porapresentar uma variedade de feições de fundo marinho que variam desde 10 cm atéquilômetros, sobretudo submersos nas porções mais rasas da plataforma e indicamprocessos de retrabalhamento. Além do caráter singular dos processos, formas efáceis de fundo diferenciados a qual esta plataforma está submetida, compreendesea importância do conhecimento da dinâmica das ondas, uma vez que estas sãoconsideradas o agente forçador dominante na hidro e morfodinâmica costeira.O objetivo principal deste trabalho é caracterizar o clima de ondas por meio damodelagem numérica, através do modelo de ondas de superfície do mar, SWAN,e analisar sua interação com o fundo marinho raso da plataforma continentalsetentrional do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram realizadas várias medições de campoentre 2011 e 2012, com o objetivo de se obter os parâmetros de ondas: altura signifi cativa (HS), período médio (Tmed), direção (DIR) para servir de comparação e validação da modelagem.Os resultados apontam que o SWAN conseguiu, no geral, reproduzir adequadamente o clima de ondas para estelitoral. Entretanto, ao analisar os resultados, confi rmou-se que as alturas signifi cativas apresentam resultados maisaceitáveis em relação aos demais parâmetros. A interação da onda com o fundo marinho revela alteração das alturassignifi cativas e direções ao propagarem-se sobre as formas de fundos presentes, como as rochas praiais, os camposde dunas longitudinais, transversais e subaquáticos. Tais resultados mostram que nesta plataforma continental omecanismo de dissipação dominante à propagação das ondas nestas águas rasas é o atrito de fundo.

Coastal vegetation can contribute to protect the coasts from sea wave action, as controlling local biology and morphodynamics. A common way to estimate the wave energy dissipation over vegetation is to use the Mendez and Losada (2004) analytical formulation in combination with the calibrated bulk drag coefficient parameter (CD). However, an excessive range of CD values is found in the literature related to same Reynolds (Re) or Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) numbers. This may be due to a lack of universality of the empirical equations proposed and/or limitations of the analytical model. The numerical model SWASH (Zijlema et al., 2011) characterises wave dissipation over vegetation fields (Suzuki et al., 2019, 2022; Reis et al., 2020) considering the influence of the drag, inertia, and porous effects on cylindrical structures. Potentially, SWASH offers enhanced capacities to describe the physical processes involved and to calibrate associated CD values. Wave dissipation over vegetation data was collected by performing laboratory flume experiments, enabling an ideal control of the study conditions. The analytical formulation and the SWASH numerical model are applied to estimate the wave dissipation obtained in the experiments, through the calibration of the CD.The objective of this study is to investigate: i) how the analytical and SWASH models can represent the experimental wave dissipation, and ii) the calibrated CD values obtained from each modelling approach.

Downtime of port terminals results in large economic losses and has a major impact on the overall competitiveness of ports. Early Warning Systems (EWS) are an effective tool to reduce ports

Aquatic vegetation in the littoral zone, particularly seagrass, is gaining increasing recognition for its net positive impact on the hosting environment. This recognition is rooted in its capacity to absorb wave energy, regulate water flow, and manage nutrient levels, sedimentation and accretion. Thus, there is a growing interest in integrating seagrass as a key component of a comprehensive climate-conscious strategy (Ondiviela et al., 2014). An effective approach to quantify the positive potential of seagrasses in altering coastal wave dynamics is by using numerical models. These numerical models operate at various spatio- temporal scales, ranging from large domains and multiple years to just a few regular waves in high resolution CFD numerical simulations. Zeller et al. (2014) classified these models, operating at different scales into three categories, each addressing the wave-vegetation interaction at a distinct scale: (1) blade scale, (2) meadow scale, and (3) ecosystem scale. The aim of the present study is to investigate the interaction between waves and vegetation at the blade scale. The primary objectives are two: first, to introduce a direct numerical technique that involves a two-way coupling between a fluid solver and a structural solver, and second, to present novel experimental data for a single flexible cylinder (Reis, 2022) serving as validation for the present (and future) numerical model(s).

The present work describes the developments done so far to the Praia da Vitoria coastal region under the LIFEGARACHICO project, namely the implementation of module on HIDRALERTA early warning system foremergency response to coastal waver topping and flooding at Praia da Vitória bay.

The present work describes the developments done so far to the Praia da Vitoria coastal region under the LIFE-GARACHICO project, namely the implementation of module on HIDRALERTA early warning system for emergency response to coastal waver topping and flooding at Praia da Vitória bay.

O acesso marítimo ao Porto de Aveiro apresenta problemas de navegabilidade que condicionam a entrada de navios de grande dimensão, em particular em algumas situações de maré e agitação marítima. Este estudo apresenta e avalia uma configuração alternativa para a embocadura da Ria de Aveiro que visa mitigar estes problemas.

O acesso marítimo ao Porto de Aveiro apresenta problemas de navegabilidade que condicionam a entrada de navios de grande dimensão, em particular em algumas situações de maré e agitação marítima. Este estudo apresenta e avalia uma configuração alternativa para a embocadura da Ria de Aveiro que visa mitigar estes problemas.

Docking large vessels is a delicate operation as the kinetic energy associated with the large mass of the vessel can result in high impact forces that can damage the vessel, fenders or even the quay. Berthing loads are usually quantified using design formulae based on kinetic energy and a single point of impact. Some correction factors are then used to consider the hydrodynamic mass, the ship

Docking large vessels is a delicate operation as the kinetic energy associated with the large mass of the vessel can result in high impact forces that can damage the vessel, fenders or even the quay. Berthing loads are usually quantified using design formulae based on kinetic energy and a single point of impact. Some correction factors are then used to consider the hydrodynamic mass, the ship

This communication describes the methodologies applied in the conception, implementation, andanalysis of a set of surveys on the risk perception of coastal flooding, carried out in the community ofPraia da Vitória (Azores, Terceira Island, Portugal).This work is part of the project LIFE-GARAC HICO* (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641), whose objectiveis to create a Flexible Adaptation Strategic Framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, toincrease the resilience of these areas in face of current and future (considering climate change impacts)coastal extreme events. The project follows a co-participatory approach, to promote awareness amongthe population and increase reliability in coastal risk management. Indeed, involving all the existentstakeholders is the first step in promoting a democratic risk management, which in the end, leads to aresilience increase, in the face of global warming conditions.

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The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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