Publicações

A case study aiming to improve surfing conditions over a submerged detached breakwater, intended to be placed in front of Praia da Vagueira (Aveiro, Portugal), was concluded in April 2022. The final results are revisited and refined by incorporating an alternative wave breaking line detection method, using the resulting eddy viscosity parameter from the COULWAVE numerical model. Preliminary results demonstrate good agreement with experiments and indicate the potential for a more detailed analysis, but further investigation is required.

Performance and hydrodynamics of an array of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) integrated into a vertical breakwater is studied. The FLUENT® software, in which the numerical model is based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the Volume of Fluid method for free surface flow modeling, is used in a 3D numerical wave tank. Three vertical breakwater configurations subject to the action of incident regular waves with periods from 6 to 12 s are studied: normal breakwater, with vertical walls parallel to the direction along the breakwater length; and two novel breakwater geometries, partially and fully convergent breakwaters, whose converging vertical walls are inclined

A instalação de plataformas fotovoltaicas flutuantes em reservatórios de água, albufeiras e lagoas, iniciada na primeira década do século XXI, tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Em Portugal, o Decreto-Lei n.º 98/2021 de 16 de novembro determinou a abertura de procedimento concorrencial, sob a forma de leilão eletrónico, para atribuição de reserva de capacidade de injeção em pontos de ligação à Rede Elétrica de Serviço Público para eletricidade a partir da conversão de energia solar por centros eletroprodutores fotovoltaicos flutuantes a instalar em albufeiras de barragens. Neste contexto, o LNEC, por solicitação da Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA), elaborou um relatório onde são especificados os requisitos técnicos para a avaliação das condições de segurança de projetos de plataformas fotovoltaicas flutuantes em albufeiras de barragens, e pela posterior apreciação dos projetos de execução destas instalações. A presente Nota Técnica descreve as principais atividades desenvolvidas e os contributos do LNEC neste domínio.

This work evaluated a video camera-based technique for measuring wave run-up and identifying overtoppingevents in three-dimensional physical scale models of rubble-mound breakwaters. Run-up elevations inferredby the Timestack methodology were compared with the traditional measurements obtained by a resistive wavegauge. For both frontal and oblique incident waves, run-up statistical parameters returned by Timestackanalysis agreed with the instrument measurements. Moreover, overtopping events were correctly identified.Overall, results indicated the feasibility of a non-intrusive video camera-based technique for hydraulicmeasurements in physical models.

This work evaluated a video camera-based technique for measuring wave run-up and identifying overtopping events in three-dimensional physical scale models of rubble-mound breakwaters. Run-up elevations inferred by the Timestack methodology were compared with the traditional measurements obtained by a resistive wave gauge. For both frontal and oblique incident waves, run-up statistical parameters returned by Timestack analysis agreed with the instrument measurements. Moreover, overtopping events were correctly identified. Overall, results indicated the feasibility of a non-intrusive video camera-based technique for hydraulic measurements in physical models.

Physical modelling is a key tool for the characterisation of wave run-up and overtopping phenomena on maritime structures. Traditionally, these parameters have been measured using resistive wave gauges. Nowadays, modern non-intrusive methods have emerged. In particular, video cameras, combined with advanced video analysis such as the TimeStack method, provide a compelling alternative to conventional techniques. TimeStack involves the extraction of pixel arrays along a predetermined image line segment (transect) over the duration of the video. This results in a composite image, known as a TimeStack, which encapsulates the temporal evolution of the pixels. This study describes the application of the TimeStack method to assess the statistical parameters of wave run-up and overtopping events, as well as their spatial distribution in the 3D models of the Leixões breakwater. At the same time, an evaluation of the overtopping events and their extent is carried out in the 2D model of the Peniche breakwater. For the main section of the Leixões breakwater, statistical parameters of wave run-up (Rumax, Rumin, Rumean and Ru2%) derived from video analysis are determined for two sections (trunk and head) of the breakwater. In the case of the trunk section, the wave run-up was once again analysed for tests conducted under the same wave conditions but with different wave directions. Furthermore, the TimeStack method enables the determination of the zone of the breakwater that was most heavily overtopped and the range of overtopping distances. In the second case, it was possible to determine the number of overtopping events as well as statistical parameters such as hmax and h2%. These cases illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the TimeStack method for different applications in scale model tests of breakwaters. The results confirm that video-based techniques are a viable alternative for measuring run-up across different sections of 3D scale models of breakwaters and for detecting overtopping events, including their peak heights and distances reached. Furthermore, this work outlines future improvements in image processing algorithms and procedural refinements aimed at mitigating some of the inherent drawbacks of the method.

Os ensaios em modelo físico (Fig. 1) são utilizados como apoio ao projeto de quebra-mares detaludes, com o objetivo de avaliação do comportamento da solução projetada do ponto de vista daestabilidade hidráulica da estrutura. Esta avaliação do comportamento é efetuada através da evoluçãodo dano, para a qual são utilizadas duas metodologias distintas na avaliação do comportamento dasecção ensaiada: o método de contagem visual e o método do volume erodido.

This study aims to validate a numerical model based on Reynolds-averaged Navier

Storms impacting sandy coastal areas produce hazards such as erosion and overwash that, in turn, promote risk to life and property damage in occupied areas. Coastal damage and risks willincrease in the future not only in association with climate change but also due to the growinghuman occupation in coastal areas (van Dongeren et al., 2018). Since the threatened coastal areas are often densely populated, there is a need to implement measures to prevent risks. One of such measures is the use of Early Warning Systems (EWS) that anticipate expected risks and, therefore, work as management tools to minimize or avoid disaster. This work presents the basis of an EWS prototype to alert about the potential consequences of overwash/overtopping and erosion induced by storms, in coastal areas.

A praia da Vagueira está localizada no Município de Vagos, distrito de Aveiro e é protegida por uma estruturade defesa frontal aderente que foi requalificada em 2015, com alteamento da sua cota de coroamento para + 10 m(ZH), devido à ocorrência de inundações na zona por ela protegida. Para caracterizar o galgamento com a estrutura atual, aplicou-se o modelo numérico SWASH a uma secção desta estrutura, simulando-se os temporais ocorridos entre 1979 e 2018 que, segundo as fórmulas comumente utilizadas para este tipo de estrutura, dariam galgamentos significativos. Assim, nesta comunicação apresenta-se o modelo utilizado, as características da estrutura de defesa aderente e as condições de agitação e nível de mar utilizadas nas simulações. Os resultados obtidos com o SWASH são comparados com os resultados de várias fórmulas empíricas. Para todas as condições testadas, as fórmulas empíricas apresentam sempre caudais médios de galgamento não nulos, enquanto o SWASH apenas origina caudais médios de galgamento superiores a zero quando o espraiamento máximo não atinge o coroamento da estrutura. Consequentemente, a utilização dos resultados das fórmulas empíricas para a emissão de alertas pode conduzir a situações de alarme que não correspondem à realidade.

Uniform flows over circular cylinders in different arrangements appear in manypractical situations. Analyses of side-by-side, tandem and staggered arrangements have shownsignificant differences among flow parameters and the interaction of the flow and the cylinder,by comparison with single cylinder parameters. This paper describes the study of two circularcylinders in tandem arrangement subject to bi-dimensional uniform laminar flows at lowReynolds numbers from 90 to 140. Cases with distance between cylinders equal to 5.25diameter for both fixed cylinders and for a fixed upstream cylinder and a downstream oneelastically mounted in transversal direction are analysed. The numerical model Ifeinco, whichis based on the finite element method and uses a partitioned scheme that considers two-wayinteraction of fluid flow and structure, is employed in the analysis. The fluid flow model usesa semi-implicit two-step Taylor-Galerkin method to discretize the Navier-Stokes equations andthe arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian formulation to follow the cylinder motion. The analysis ofthe cylinder movement is carried out by using one DOF dynamic equation for the transversedirection discretized in time by the implicit Newmark method. For both fixed cylinders,differences in terms of lift and drag coefficients and Strouhal number are found by comparisonwith the ones of the single cylinder. When the downstream cylinder is elastically mounted, alock-in phenomenon is observed in a range of Reynolds numbers, characterized by thediscontinuity of the lift and drag coefficients, vortex vibration and natural frequenciesapproximation and increase in vibration amplitude.

Pressure disturbance waves are computed via a fully nonlinear, unsteady, boundary integral formulation for various Froude numbers. Three moving pressure distributions are introduced in the numerical model to evaluate the produced wave patterns in a channel. For Froude numbers equal to one, classical runaway solitons are obtained on the fore of the moving pressure patch whereas "stern" waves are radiated away. "Step-like" pressure distributions give different responses to the free-surface flow, with upward breaker jets and steeper "stern" waves. For supercritical and subcritical flows, steady solitons and stationary trenches moving at the same speed of the pressure distribution are obtained, respectively. Nonlinear results show that the wave field is significantly affected by the chosen moving pressure distribution, with breaking "bow" waves and steeper "stern" waves when "step-like" pressure functions are used.

Este artigo refere-se a estudos realizados para o projeto de um recife artificial paraamplificação das ondas de vento de curto período (5 a 8s) a fim de melhorar oaproveitamento energético e as condições de surfe em uma praia cuja rebentação écolapsante na zona costeira do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.O projeto preliminar deste recife foi desenvolvido através de um estudo em modelo numéricode propagação de ondas regulares, Ref/Dif. Após alguns testes da geometria do recife, estaetapa gerou uma forma final, que foi simulada com o modelo numérico totalmente não-linearCoulwave, e em modelo físico, construído na escala 1:15, para comparação dos resultadose proposição de possíveis alterações na forma da estrutura a fim de aumentar suaeficiência.Pretendeu-se avaliar o desempenho dos modelos numéricos na simulação da hidrodinâmicaem torno do recife pelo que são mostradas comparações entre os resultados obtidos nomodelo físico e nos modelos numéricos. Em relação à altura da onda, a diferença relativaentre os resultados obtidos no Coulwave e no modelo físico foi de 4%, enquanto que noRefDif foi de 5%. Verificou-se que efeitos não lineares como a reflexão das ondas no taludeda estrutura que não apareceram na modelagem com o Ref/Dif se mostraram importantesna modelagem física, e foram bem representados pelo Coulwave.

RADE, acronym for Remote Access to Data and Experiments, is a Joint Research Activity of project HYDRALABIV - More than Water. Its aim is to develop a robust set of information systems to improve access to hydraulic experiments and data through innovative use of modern data management, curation and communication technologies. The objective of the present work is to describe two different methodologies, developed by the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) and by DELTARES, on remote access to data and experiments applied to hydraulic laboratory facilities.

Maritime structures (breakwaters, groynes, ocean wave/wind energyconverters, etc.) are exposed towave attack,which generates common emergency sit-uations with serious environmental and economic consequences. This paper presentsa methodology developed at LNEC for forecasting and early warning of wave over-topping in ports/coastal areas to prevent emergency situations and support theirmanagement and the long-term planning of interventions in the study area. It isimplemented in a risk management tool. The methodology uses numerical models topropagate waves from offshore to port/coastal areas to obtain the required input forovertopping assessmentmethods, such as empirical formulas and artificial neural net-works. The calculated overtopping values are compared with pre-established admis-sible values in order to define the warning levels. These admissible values are derivedfrom general international recommendations and information from local authorities.They depend on the characteristics of the overtopped structure and of the protectedarea, and on the activities developed there. The warning methodology is applied toPraia da Vitória Port (Azores-Portugal) as an illustrative example. Future develop-ments include the use of complex numerical models (e.g. Navier-Stokes equationssolvers; particle methods) to calculate wave overtopping and to extend the method-ology to warn of risks associated with wave energy production failure.

No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas utilizando o código OpenFOAM®, recorrendo à biblioteca porousWaveFoam, para simular a interação de ondas com um quebra-mar poroso. O código numérico resolve as equações VARANS (Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) para identificar a superfície livre. O meio poroso é modelado pela equação de Darcy

No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas utilizando o código OpenFOAM®, recorrendo à biblioteca porousWaveFoam, para simular a interação de ondas com um quebra-mar poroso. O código numérico resolve as equações VARANS (Volume-Averaged Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) para identificar a superfície livre. O meio poroso é modelado pela equação de Darcy

No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas, utilizando o código OpenFOAM®,para a interacção de uma onda regular com um cilindro horizontal totalmente submerso, colocado paralelamente àcrista das ondas incidentes, com o seu eixo a 3 raios de profundidade. O código numérico utilizado resolve asequações de Navier-Stokes em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) paraidentificar a superfície livre. É estudada a dependência da solução face ao refinamento da malha e feita acomparação dos resultados obtidos com dados experimentais e de outros códigos numéricos. São apresentadas: aelevação da superfície livre nas proximidades do cilindro; perfis de velocidade em localizações seleccionadas aolongo do canal; e o campo de velocidades nas proximidades do cilindro. Constatou-se uma boa correspondênciaentre os resultados obtidos no âmbito deste trabalho com os experimentais e os obtidos por outros códigosnuméricos.

No presente artigo apresentam-se as simulações numéricas feitas utilizando o código OpenFOAM®, recorrendo ao solver waves2Foam, para simular a propagação de ondas regulares sem rebentação num canal tridimensional. O código numérico resolve as equações de Navier-Stokes em regime transitório e utiliza um esquema do tipo VoF (Volume of Fluid) para identificar a superfície livre. Foi considerada uma onda regular incidente com 1,5 s de período e 10 cm de altura. Esta é uma das condições de entre o vasto conjunto de ensaios em canal de ondas realizado no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) cujo objetivo foi a análise da hidrodinâmica da propagação de onda sobre um fundo de batimetria variável, para várias condições de agitação incidente. São feitas comparações entre os resultados numéricos e os experimentais. Estas comparações incluem: evoluções temporais de sondas de nível em várias localizações ao longo do canal e correspondentes espetros de amplitude; evolução da altura significativa e do período médio das ondas ao longo do canal; evolução temporal das componentes da velocidade em localizações selecionadas no canal e distribuição bidimensional dessas componentes. Constata-se que os resultados numéricos obtidos apresentam valores próximos dos experimentais. As diferenças verificadas são atribuíveis a imprecisões numéricas bem como a diferenças entre a forma de geração de onda entre o numérico e o experimental.

Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação da ferramenta numérica SWAMS para caracterizar o comportamento de um navio amarrado na bacia do Terminal de Contentores do Porto de Sines. São analisados os movimentos do navio, as forças nas amarras e nas defensas. Analisa-se ainda a influência do vento e da introdução de pré tensionamento nas amarras assim como a resposta do sistema quando sujeito a ondas longas. Os resultados permitem avaliar qual destes fatores tem maior influência sobre os movimentos do navio e a sua segurança.

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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