Publicações

A case study aiming to improve surfing conditions over a submerged detached breakwater, intended to be placed in front of Praia da Vagueira (Aveiro, Portugal), was concluded in April 2022. The final results are revisited and refined by incorporating an alternative wave breaking line detection method, using the resulting eddy viscosity parameter from the COULWAVE numerical model. Preliminary results demonstrate good agreement with experiments and indicate the potential for a more detailed analysis, but further investigation is required.

Performance and hydrodynamics of an array of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) integrated into a vertical breakwater is studied. The FLUENT® software, in which the numerical model is based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the Volume of Fluid method for free surface flow modeling, is used in a 3D numerical wave tank. Three vertical breakwater configurations subject to the action of incident regular waves with periods from 6 to 12 s are studied: normal breakwater, with vertical walls parallel to the direction along the breakwater length; and two novel breakwater geometries, partially and fully convergent breakwaters, whose converging vertical walls are inclined

A instalação de plataformas fotovoltaicas flutuantes em reservatórios de água, albufeiras e lagoas, iniciada na primeira década do século XXI, tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Em Portugal, o Decreto-Lei n.º 98/2021 de 16 de novembro determinou a abertura de procedimento concorrencial, sob a forma de leilão eletrónico, para atribuição de reserva de capacidade de injeção em pontos de ligação à Rede Elétrica de Serviço Público para eletricidade a partir da conversão de energia solar por centros eletroprodutores fotovoltaicos flutuantes a instalar em albufeiras de barragens. Neste contexto, o LNEC, por solicitação da Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA), elaborou um relatório onde são especificados os requisitos técnicos para a avaliação das condições de segurança de projetos de plataformas fotovoltaicas flutuantes em albufeiras de barragens, e pela posterior apreciação dos projetos de execução destas instalações. A presente Nota Técnica descreve as principais atividades desenvolvidas e os contributos do LNEC neste domínio.

This work evaluated a video camera-based technique for measuring wave run-up and identifying overtoppingevents in three-dimensional physical scale models of rubble-mound breakwaters. Run-up elevations inferredby the Timestack methodology were compared with the traditional measurements obtained by a resistive wavegauge. For both frontal and oblique incident waves, run-up statistical parameters returned by Timestackanalysis agreed with the instrument measurements. Moreover, overtopping events were correctly identified.Overall, results indicated the feasibility of a non-intrusive video camera-based technique for hydraulicmeasurements in physical models.

This work evaluated a video camera-based technique for measuring wave run-up and identifying overtopping events in three-dimensional physical scale models of rubble-mound breakwaters. Run-up elevations inferred by the Timestack methodology were compared with the traditional measurements obtained by a resistive wave gauge. For both frontal and oblique incident waves, run-up statistical parameters returned by Timestack analysis agreed with the instrument measurements. Moreover, overtopping events were correctly identified. Overall, results indicated the feasibility of a non-intrusive video camera-based technique for hydraulic measurements in physical models.

Physical modelling is a key tool for the characterisation of wave run-up and overtopping phenomena on maritime structures. Traditionally, these parameters have been measured using resistive wave gauges. Nowadays, modern non-intrusive methods have emerged. In particular, video cameras, combined with advanced video analysis such as the TimeStack method, provide a compelling alternative to conventional techniques. TimeStack involves the extraction of pixel arrays along a predetermined image line segment (transect) over the duration of the video. This results in a composite image, known as a TimeStack, which encapsulates the temporal evolution of the pixels. This study describes the application of the TimeStack method to assess the statistical parameters of wave run-up and overtopping events, as well as their spatial distribution in the 3D models of the Leixões breakwater. At the same time, an evaluation of the overtopping events and their extent is carried out in the 2D model of the Peniche breakwater. For the main section of the Leixões breakwater, statistical parameters of wave run-up (Rumax, Rumin, Rumean and Ru2%) derived from video analysis are determined for two sections (trunk and head) of the breakwater. In the case of the trunk section, the wave run-up was once again analysed for tests conducted under the same wave conditions but with different wave directions. Furthermore, the TimeStack method enables the determination of the zone of the breakwater that was most heavily overtopped and the range of overtopping distances. In the second case, it was possible to determine the number of overtopping events as well as statistical parameters such as hmax and h2%. These cases illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the TimeStack method for different applications in scale model tests of breakwaters. The results confirm that video-based techniques are a viable alternative for measuring run-up across different sections of 3D scale models of breakwaters and for detecting overtopping events, including their peak heights and distances reached. Furthermore, this work outlines future improvements in image processing algorithms and procedural refinements aimed at mitigating some of the inherent drawbacks of the method.

Os ensaios em modelo físico (Fig. 1) são utilizados como apoio ao projeto de quebra-mares detaludes, com o objetivo de avaliação do comportamento da solução projetada do ponto de vista daestabilidade hidráulica da estrutura. Esta avaliação do comportamento é efetuada através da evoluçãodo dano, para a qual são utilizadas duas metodologias distintas na avaliação do comportamento dasecção ensaiada: o método de contagem visual e o método do volume erodido.

This study aims to validate a numerical model based on Reynolds-averaged Navier

Storms impacting sandy coastal areas produce hazards such as erosion and overwash that, in turn, promote risk to life and property damage in occupied areas. Coastal damage and risks willincrease in the future not only in association with climate change but also due to the growinghuman occupation in coastal areas (van Dongeren et al., 2018). Since the threatened coastal areas are often densely populated, there is a need to implement measures to prevent risks. One of such measures is the use of Early Warning Systems (EWS) that anticipate expected risks and, therefore, work as management tools to minimize or avoid disaster. This work presents the basis of an EWS prototype to alert about the potential consequences of overwash/overtopping and erosion induced by storms, in coastal areas.

A praia da Vagueira está localizada no Município de Vagos, distrito de Aveiro e é protegida por uma estruturade defesa frontal aderente que foi requalificada em 2015, com alteamento da sua cota de coroamento para + 10 m(ZH), devido à ocorrência de inundações na zona por ela protegida. Para caracterizar o galgamento com a estrutura atual, aplicou-se o modelo numérico SWASH a uma secção desta estrutura, simulando-se os temporais ocorridos entre 1979 e 2018 que, segundo as fórmulas comumente utilizadas para este tipo de estrutura, dariam galgamentos significativos. Assim, nesta comunicação apresenta-se o modelo utilizado, as características da estrutura de defesa aderente e as condições de agitação e nível de mar utilizadas nas simulações. Os resultados obtidos com o SWASH são comparados com os resultados de várias fórmulas empíricas. Para todas as condições testadas, as fórmulas empíricas apresentam sempre caudais médios de galgamento não nulos, enquanto o SWASH apenas origina caudais médios de galgamento superiores a zero quando o espraiamento máximo não atinge o coroamento da estrutura. Consequentemente, a utilização dos resultados das fórmulas empíricas para a emissão de alertas pode conduzir a situações de alarme que não correspondem à realidade.

No âmbito do projeto das

An aerial monitoring system was developed for the maritime structures protecting the foundation columns of the airport infrastructure of the Madeira Island Airport, in the scope of research project MEGE, to complement the already existing monitoring program of visual observations. For the aerial monitoring of the berm breakwater, with about 770 m in length, a fast data acquisition system was envisaged. Imaging techniques acquired through a high-resolution camera coupled to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used, which allowed for a very fast and efficient automated procedure, compatible with the difficult accessibility to the structure on the seaside. Point clouds corresponding to the breakwater geometry were obtained from the set of aerial images from the camera on board of the UAV, using photogrammetric techniques. In this paper, the two complementary parts of the monitoring of this structure are described and corresponding results are shown.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of ships on fenders during the berthing process. Physical tests and numerical simulations with MOORNAV tool were performed with versions of the GulfStream ship in still water and under a set of different conditions. A comparative analysis was made between outputs of the two models considering specific conditions. The MOORNAV application resulted in a standard deviation from the physical model of 3% to 6% in relation to the maximum force exerted on each fender.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of ships on fenders during the berthing process. Physical tests and numerical simulations with MOORNAV tool were performed with versions of the GulfStream ship in still water and under a set of different conditions. A comparative analysis was made between outputs of the two models considering specific conditions. The MOORNAV application resulted in a standard deviation from the physical model of 3% to 6% in relation to the maximum force exerted on each fender.

Neste trabalho, descreve-se a aplicação do programa OSOM+ às obras marítimas do Porto de Sines, em especial ao quebra-mar oeste. Assim, serão apresentados resultados de comparação entre as situações observadas em 2018 e 2020 no âmbito de inspeções visuais e com drone, mediante apreciação e análise de fotografias georreferenciadas, ortomosaicos, nuvens de pontos, modelos numéricos de superfície e perfis selecionados. É também ilustrada a forma como a aplicação e base de dados ANOSOM-WEB pode ser empregue quer durante as campanhas de observação, quer em gabinete. Conclui-se este trabalho com a apresentação das vantagens da recente atualização da metodologia e do que se julga ser a sua importância na tomada de decisões sobre a necessidade ou não de realizar obras de manutenção e/ou reparação nestas estruturas, ou similares.

Os mapas de risco costeiro, integrados em modelos de risco, são excelentes ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisão no âmbito da gestão e proteção costeira em situações normais e de emergência [1], ajudando aproteger as populações e infraestruturas em risco de inundação costeira e galgamento oceânico proteger as populações e infraestruturas em risco de inundação costeira e galgamento oceânico.

SAFEPORT safety system aims at forecasting and alerting, on a regular basis, emergency situations regarding ships operation in port areas caused by extreme weather-oceanographic conditions. It uses forecasts provided offshore of the area under study of sea agitation, wind and tide. The characterization of the response of the free and moored ships at a berth is performed using the numerical package SWAMS. The system issue alerts, through danger levels associated with risk levels of exceedance of recommended values for movements and forces imposed on ship mooring systems. SAFEPORT can be adapted to any port. So far, it has been developed and adapted to three terminals of the port of Sines, where three different ships were simulated. This paper presents the developments made to date of the safety system, which includes tests performed in storm situations. The numerical models run every day, in real-time mode, in a computer cluster and the system provide forecast results for the next 72 hours. The results are disseminated on a web page and a mobile application in a variety of formats. It was concluded that the SAFEPORT safety system issued alerts according to the observed reality during the storm Dora. It has also been shown to be a computer tool for the optimization of ship mooring systems. The system is currently in testing and validation phase therefore, forecasts should be interpreted as indicative.

A autoridade portuária do arquipélago dos Açores, Portos dos Açores, SA, identificou a necessidade de dispor de um sistema de alerta precoce para os riscos associados à agitação marítima, nomeadamente os relacionados com os galgamentos costeiros e com os navios amarrados. No âmbito do Projeto ECOMARPORT, associaram-se com a Universidade dos Açores e o LNEC para o desenvolvimento de três novos protótipos do sistema HIDRALERTApara os portos de S. Roque do Pico, Madalena do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os novos protótipos têm, para além da previsão de eventos de galgamento das proteções portuárias, a capacidade de prever esforços e movimentos de navios amarrados. As situações de emergência podem ser previstas, permitindo que as autoridades portuárias possam tomar medidas de mitigação para evitar a perda de vidas e minimizar os danos.

Early warning systems (EWS) are fundamental tool to reduce risks in coastal areas since they provide in advance the necessary information for the responsible authorities to mitigate the effects of possible emergency situation due to storms.

The case studies are Costa da Caparica coastal area and Ericeira port, both on the West Portuguese Coast.

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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