Publicações

This work presents the new developments and the validation of a SmoothedParticle Hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical model used in the NationalLaboratory of Civil Engineering (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil- LNEC) for studies in coastal engineering processes. Although the modelrequires a high CPU time, it proved to be very promising in the simulationof complex flows, such as the wave-structure interaction and the wavebreaking phenomenon. For the SPH model validation, physical modelingtests were performed in one LNEC

The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon has drawn the attention ofresearchers in Engineering for several decades. An example is the riser usedfor petroleum exploration, in which it is subjected to marine flows that maycause oscillations due to vortex shedding. In this paper, numerical analysesof the phenomena that occur in the interaction among flows at low Reynoldsnumbers and elastically mounted cylinders are presented. The simulation iscarried out by using the numerical model Ifeinco that uses a semi-implicittwo-step Taylor-Galerkin method to discretize the Navier-Stokes equationsand the arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian formulation to follow the cylindermotion. The rigid body motion description is calculated by using theNewmark method. Firstly, the characteristics of the vortex generationprocess for the fixed cylinder are analyzed. In this case, the Strouhalnumber, the mean drag and the RMS lift coefficients for Reynolds numbersranging from 90 to 140 are shown. Afterwards, an analysis of a flexiblesupported cylinder (with a spring and a damper) in transverse directionsubject to flows with Reynolds numbers ranging from 90 to 140 is carriedout. The cylinder displacement and the vibration frequencies are studied;the synchronization between the vortex shedding and the vibrationfrequency (lock-in) is analyzed. Similar results to the experimental onesdeveloped by Anagnostopoulos and Bearman (1992) were obtained in thisstudy.

Coastal waters are an integral part of the natural environment. Careful planning and management is needed to protect andconserve them, and to ensure that the water supply is useful for a variety of uses.Submarine outfalls for effluent disposal are used to ensure that the water quality is maintained and that the environmental valuesand water uses are protected.Decision on treatment and disposal is based on objectives set by national and international legislation and on coastal and maritimeuses identification.An operational forecast methodology is proposed for the management of submarine outfalls providing information to deal with themarine environment problems and to satisfy needs at different levels for coastal communities.From a management perspective the forecast methodology will support decision making by predicting where a discharged plume islikely to be transported over a few days from its last known location.Short-term forecasts of maritime climate and hydrological conditions along with foreseen effluent characteristics (depending onseasons and population equivalent) of the studied region are used for an accurate estimation of the effluent plume advection anddiffusion processes near the coastline.The operational forecast methodology, continuously evaluating the plume behavior and its relation with the protection perimeter(identified through a coastal usage map), allows the implementation of a precautionary and adjustable management of thesubmarine outfall. Corrective measures (e.g. increase dilution, increase the number of outlets, increase outflow speed) may avoidpossible operational disruptions and minimize potential water quality impacts.To illustrate the application of the procedure, a submarine outfall case study located in the Portuguese coast is analysed.

Neste trabalho é analisado um dispositivo de extração de energia das ondas do tipo coluna de água oscilante sob a ação de ondas regulares de diferentes períodos. São realizadas variações no comprimento submerso da parede frontal e no comprimento da câmara. Para tal é utilizado o código numérico FLUINCO, o qual é baseado nas equações RANS e a discretização é realizada utilizando o método semi-implícito de Taylor-Galerkin de dois passos. Uma formulação lagrangeana-euleriana arbitrária (ALE) é utilizada para permitir a solução de problemas que envolvem movimentos da superfície livre. Alguns resultados são comparados com os obtidos utilizando o programa FLUENT. São apresentados a amplificação (relação entre a altura da onda incidente a e dentro da câmara), distribuição das velocidades e vetores de velocidade.

This paper describes an application of theBoussinesq-type COULWAVE model to study the wavehydrodynamics in the vicinity of a multi-functional artificialreef (MFAR). This reef is under investigation and consists ofa supplementary protection solution for the Leirosa sanddune system located at South of Figueira da Foz, on thePortugueseWest coast. Such installation near the coastline isexpected to contribute to enhance the surfing conditions inthe area, protect the sand dune system in the surroundings ofLeirosa beach, and increase its environmental value.Numerical calculations with the COULWAVE model wereperformed for four test cases, considering two reef geometries(differing in the reef angle) and two incident waveconditions (storm condition and a common wave condition).Comparisons between the results obtained, in terms of waveheights and breaking line positions allow us to assess theinfluence of the reef on the hydrodynamics near the beachand around the reef. Moreover, the reef performance wasanalysed in terms of surfability and coastal protection. Thesurfability parameters (breaker height, Iribarren number andpeel angle) were calculated for each test case using thenumerical wave heights, wave directions and wave breakingpositions. Comparisons of parameters allow characterizingthe most appropriate configuration of the reef to improve thesurfing conditions in the study area. A methodology basedon numerical free surface elevations and horizontal velocitycomponents was developed to calculate wave directions,since this is not a direct output of the COULWAVE model.Concerning coastal protection, analyses of the mean currentsaround the reef were used together with observationsof the velocity cells near the shoreline as an indication of thesediment transport.

The knowledge of wave transformation and breaking characteristics nearcoastline is essential for the nearshore hydrodynamics and the design ofcoastal structures. This paper describes a wide range of wave flume testsperformed at the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC),located in Lisbon (Portugal), which main objective was to study waveshoaling and breaking over a set of different gentle slopes for severalincident waves and thus to contribute for a better understand of thehydrodynamics of wave transformation.The experimental conditions, the measurement equipment, the incidentwave characteristics, the type of measurements performed (free surfaceelevation and particle velocity) and the data obtained are described. Timeand spectral analysis based upon the measured data are also performed andpresented. For a regular wave with a period of 1.5s and a height of 0.1m arepresented and discussed the following results: free surface elevation atselected sections along the flume; the spectral analysis; the significant waveheight and average period along the flume; the particle velocity componentsat different locations along the flume; the average, maximum and minimumvalues of the longitudinal component of the velocity along the flume; thetwo dimensional distribution of the three components of the velocity; andlongitudinal velocity component vertical profiles.

Neste trabalho, analisa-se o desempenho do modelo numérico SWAN (Booij et al., 1999) na caracterização da agitação marítima na zona costeira da praia da Amoreira, em Aljezur, Algarve. Para este efeito, efectua-se uma análise comparativa entre as medições de agitação marítima realizadas na Praia da Amoreira e as estimativas produzidas por esse modelo. Assim, partindo dos resultados do modelo regional de previsão da agitação marítima, WAVEWATCH III, Tolman (1999, 2002), para os dias em que foram realizadas as medições in-situ, efectuaram-se cálculos com o modelo SWAN, obtendo-se nos locais de medição valores de altura significativa, período de pico e período médio. A comparação das simulações numéricas com os dados medidos permitiu avaliar o desempenho do modelo numérico e reforçar a confiança que já existia neste modelo na sua utilização em estudos de morfodinâmica e dinâmica costeira.

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This paper applies two numerical models, REFDIF and SWAN, to characterize the wave climate near the coastalstretch between Galinhos and Guamaré, Brazil. This region is exposed both to incoming swell from NorthAtlantic Ocean and to local seas generated by steady SE Trade Winds, tidal currents are strong, and beachmorphology is very dynamic. Both models were applied to the propagation of different wave conditions, fromoffshore to the coastline of Galinhos-Guamaré. The following incident wave conditions were considered: periodsbetween T=5 s and 13 s, deep water heights between H=0.8 m and 2.4 m, and off-shore directions between N-60-W (60º) and N-60-E (60º). A total of 1053 simulations were performed for the incident wave conditions for eachmodel. The results consist on the wave heights and wave directions of study area. It is also analyzed the results atpoints over the bathymetric line of -8 m (CD). A comparative analysis of the results obtained with each modelpermit to assess their suitability for this area and evaluate their limitations and potentialities

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The phenomenon of scour in the vicinity of coastal and harbour protection structures, wind farms, offshore platforms and marine outfalls is one of the causes associated with its collapse. During the design of such structures, the prediction of the maximum erosion depth located in the vicinity of the structure is of utmost importance, requiring, frequently, a validation by scale-model tests. The objective of this study is to validate the use of stereo photogrammetry in such tests. To accomplish this goal, two sets of tests were conducted: A stereo photogrammetric survey of a well-known shape molded in a sand box was carried out in order to infer on the accuracy of the technique when applied to a sand bed. The second set of tests consisted on the survey of the scour around a pile, using the stereo photogrammetric method as well as a bed profiler in order to compare the results obtained with both methods.

This paper presents a comparison of two URANS models based on the VoF approach, FLUENT (Fluent, 2006) and IH2VOF (Lara et al., 2011), to perform a detaiied analysis of the hydrodynamic phenomena outside and inside an open Oscillating Water Coiumn (OWC) device. This analysis is important to determine the ability of each solver in accurate modelling the complex non-linear phenomena which occur in the wave-fluid-structure interaction, in order to use it in the deveiopment of an innovative integrated tool at prototype scale. Numerical results of free surface elevation, oscillating free surface inside the water chamber, amplification factor and phase lag are analysed and compared with experimental data for several incident wave conditions. For an OWC with a fuliy open chamber, good agreement was achieved between experimental data and numerical results obtained with two modeis with different numerical methodologies.

In order to account for scour problems, protection systems are usually employed around the foundations, i.e. Arklow Bank OWF and Scroby Sands OWF (Whitehouse et al., 2011). Their design is main-ly of semi empiric nature (De Vos et al., 2011) and probabilistic approaches haven

An analytical model is applied to a schematic case of an oscillating water column (OWC), without head loss, to obtain a first estimation of the chamber hydraulic efficiency. The IH2VOF numerical model of wave-structure interations is applied to perform an investigation, useful to complement and verify the analytical approach and analyses the flow characteristics on the OWC, including nonlinear effects. The numerical model was validated against physical model tests on a schematic OWC stucture at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, presenting god agreement.A significant difference of amplification factor parameter was observed between lhe analytical results and numerical results and experimental data, which may be attributed to the absence of head loss in the analytical model.

Nesta comunicação, descrevem-se os ensaios em modelo físico realizados com o objetivo de caracterizar o campo de ondas em torno de um navio livre, quando sujeito a condições de agitação incidente regular e irregular. Estes dados são especialmente importantes para a validação de modelos numéricos de caracterização da resposta de navios à ação da agitação incidente. Assim, para cada condição de agitação incidente, efetuaram-se medições da elevação da superfície livre e das componentes da velocidade em diversos pontos em redor do navio. Apresentam-se as seguintes análises dos dados experimentais: análise temporal e espetral (espetro de energia e wavelets) dos valores de elevação da superfície livre e análise temporal da velocidade das partículas, a meio da coluna de água. A análise temporal e espetral de cada série de medições obtida permite a caracterização da agitação nos pontos em redor do navio, em termos de alturas, períodos e velocidade. Avalia-se também a influência do navio nas características da agitação.

This paper aims at presenting two diíferent methodologies to evaluale wave overtopping consequences: the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The AHP is based on lhe comparison of successive and paired information that was selecled and quantified having in mind its hierarchic prioritization by taking into account lhe estimated relevance of each considered criterion or indicator. The ANP provides a general framework lo deal with decisions without making assumplions about the independence of higher level elements from lower level eiements and about the independence of the elements within a levei. In fact, the ANP uses a network without the need lo specify leveis as in a hierarchy structure iike lhe AHP. Influence is a central concept in the ANP. Applicalion of the AHP and the ANP melhodologies to lhe case study of Praia da Vitória harbour (Azores, Porlugal) is presenied. With the AHP, a consequences level map is obtained.

Wave run-up parameters are key factors in studying coastal flooding. An experiment was performed at LNEC to study wave run-up and overtopping on a breakwater.This work investigates the possibility of measuring wave run-up by using a video-monitoring technique.Water level oscillations were identified on the breakwater slope over time. Wave run-up was marked on each timestack image produced for each test.Run-up events were identified and related to the surf similarity parameter. Properties of wave run-up derived from video imagery were analysed and compared to data from a wave gauge placed over the breakwater cross-section. Results confirmed that the video imagery technique is an alternative technique for measuring run-up in physical model experiments.

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma metodologia que visa minimizar os erros associados à medição por ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry). Estes erros podem ter duas causas: insuficiência de partículas em suspensão na coluna de água; e desalinhamento dos eixos do ADV com os eixos coordenados do problema. Seguindo esta metodologia, aplica-se primeiramente um filtro digital para eliminar as frequências elevadas fisicamente irrealistas e, em seguida, aplica-se uma transformação de coordenadas para alinhar as componentes de velocidade medidas com o sistema de coordenadas do problema, sendo possível identificar o desalinhamento do ADV face a esse sistema de coordenadas.Apresenta-se a aplicação desta metodologia na propagação de ondas regulares num canal.

Para a praia da Galé, Algarve, foram efetuados um conjunto de ensaios em modelo físico (canal de ondas) com o principal objetivo de analisar a hidrodinâmica da propagação de ondas sobre um fundo rochoso, para várias condições de agitação regular e irregular incidente. Efetuaram-se medições da elevação da superfície livre com sondas resistivas ao longo do canal e das componentes da velocidade com ADV, a meio da coluna de água em várias secções ao longo do canal. A evolução dos resultados ao longo do canal permite um melhor conhecimento do processo de propagação e contribui com dados para a validação de modelos numéricos.

Ships berthed inside sheltered basins can experience excessive movements due to waves. The paper presents an integrated numerical tool that interconnects several numerical models to reproduce the most relevant physical phenomena associated to wave action on a moored ship, the resulting ship movements and the forces on mooring lines and fenders. A new methodology was developed to determine the hydrodynamic forces on the ship.A non-linear phase resolving Boussinesq model is used to propagate waves from outside the harbour to wherever desired location inside the harbour. A modified version of a 3D panel method model computes the hydrodynamic coefficients of the ship, whereas the Haskind relations determine the wave forces on the ship. The time series of the moored ship motions and forces on moorings are obtained with another numerical model. This new methodology is used to replicate the scale model tests of a moored tanker inside Leixões Harbour.

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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