Publicações

This work presents the new developments and the validation of a SmoothedParticle Hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical model used in the NationalLaboratory of Civil Engineering (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil- LNEC) for studies in coastal engineering processes. Although the modelrequires a high CPU time, it proved to be very promising in the simulationof complex flows, such as the wave-structure interaction and the wavebreaking phenomenon. For the SPH model validation, physical modelingtests were performed in one LNEC

The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon has drawn the attention ofresearchers in Engineering for several decades. An example is the riser usedfor petroleum exploration, in which it is subjected to marine flows that maycause oscillations due to vortex shedding. In this paper, numerical analysesof the phenomena that occur in the interaction among flows at low Reynoldsnumbers and elastically mounted cylinders are presented. The simulation iscarried out by using the numerical model Ifeinco that uses a semi-implicittwo-step Taylor-Galerkin method to discretize the Navier-Stokes equationsand the arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian formulation to follow the cylindermotion. The rigid body motion description is calculated by using theNewmark method. Firstly, the characteristics of the vortex generationprocess for the fixed cylinder are analyzed. In this case, the Strouhalnumber, the mean drag and the RMS lift coefficients for Reynolds numbersranging from 90 to 140 are shown. Afterwards, an analysis of a flexiblesupported cylinder (with a spring and a damper) in transverse directionsubject to flows with Reynolds numbers ranging from 90 to 140 is carriedout. The cylinder displacement and the vibration frequencies are studied;the synchronization between the vortex shedding and the vibrationfrequency (lock-in) is analyzed. Similar results to the experimental onesdeveloped by Anagnostopoulos and Bearman (1992) were obtained in thisstudy.

Coastal waters are an integral part of the natural environment. Careful planning and management is needed to protect andconserve them, and to ensure that the water supply is useful for a variety of uses.Submarine outfalls for effluent disposal are used to ensure that the water quality is maintained and that the environmental valuesand water uses are protected.Decision on treatment and disposal is based on objectives set by national and international legislation and on coastal and maritimeuses identification.An operational forecast methodology is proposed for the management of submarine outfalls providing information to deal with themarine environment problems and to satisfy needs at different levels for coastal communities.From a management perspective the forecast methodology will support decision making by predicting where a discharged plume islikely to be transported over a few days from its last known location.Short-term forecasts of maritime climate and hydrological conditions along with foreseen effluent characteristics (depending onseasons and population equivalent) of the studied region are used for an accurate estimation of the effluent plume advection anddiffusion processes near the coastline.The operational forecast methodology, continuously evaluating the plume behavior and its relation with the protection perimeter(identified through a coastal usage map), allows the implementation of a precautionary and adjustable management of thesubmarine outfall. Corrective measures (e.g. increase dilution, increase the number of outlets, increase outflow speed) may avoidpossible operational disruptions and minimize potential water quality impacts.To illustrate the application of the procedure, a submarine outfall case study located in the Portuguese coast is analysed.

Neste trabalho é analisado um dispositivo de extração de energia das ondas do tipo coluna de água oscilante sob a ação de ondas regulares de diferentes períodos. São realizadas variações no comprimento submerso da parede frontal e no comprimento da câmara. Para tal é utilizado o código numérico FLUINCO, o qual é baseado nas equações RANS e a discretização é realizada utilizando o método semi-implícito de Taylor-Galerkin de dois passos. Uma formulação lagrangeana-euleriana arbitrária (ALE) é utilizada para permitir a solução de problemas que envolvem movimentos da superfície livre. Alguns resultados são comparados com os obtidos utilizando o programa FLUENT. São apresentados a amplificação (relação entre a altura da onda incidente a e dentro da câmara), distribuição das velocidades e vetores de velocidade.

This paper describes an application of theBoussinesq-type COULWAVE model to study the wavehydrodynamics in the vicinity of a multi-functional artificialreef (MFAR). This reef is under investigation and consists ofa supplementary protection solution for the Leirosa sanddune system located at South of Figueira da Foz, on thePortugueseWest coast. Such installation near the coastline isexpected to contribute to enhance the surfing conditions inthe area, protect the sand dune system in the surroundings ofLeirosa beach, and increase its environmental value.Numerical calculations with the COULWAVE model wereperformed for four test cases, considering two reef geometries(differing in the reef angle) and two incident waveconditions (storm condition and a common wave condition).Comparisons between the results obtained, in terms of waveheights and breaking line positions allow us to assess theinfluence of the reef on the hydrodynamics near the beachand around the reef. Moreover, the reef performance wasanalysed in terms of surfability and coastal protection. Thesurfability parameters (breaker height, Iribarren number andpeel angle) were calculated for each test case using thenumerical wave heights, wave directions and wave breakingpositions. Comparisons of parameters allow characterizingthe most appropriate configuration of the reef to improve thesurfing conditions in the study area. A methodology basedon numerical free surface elevations and horizontal velocitycomponents was developed to calculate wave directions,since this is not a direct output of the COULWAVE model.Concerning coastal protection, analyses of the mean currentsaround the reef were used together with observationsof the velocity cells near the shoreline as an indication of thesediment transport.

The knowledge of wave transformation and breaking characteristics nearcoastline is essential for the nearshore hydrodynamics and the design ofcoastal structures. This paper describes a wide range of wave flume testsperformed at the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC),located in Lisbon (Portugal), which main objective was to study waveshoaling and breaking over a set of different gentle slopes for severalincident waves and thus to contribute for a better understand of thehydrodynamics of wave transformation.The experimental conditions, the measurement equipment, the incidentwave characteristics, the type of measurements performed (free surfaceelevation and particle velocity) and the data obtained are described. Timeand spectral analysis based upon the measured data are also performed andpresented. For a regular wave with a period of 1.5s and a height of 0.1m arepresented and discussed the following results: free surface elevation atselected sections along the flume; the spectral analysis; the significant waveheight and average period along the flume; the particle velocity componentsat different locations along the flume; the average, maximum and minimumvalues of the longitudinal component of the velocity along the flume; thetwo dimensional distribution of the three components of the velocity; andlongitudinal velocity component vertical profiles.

Neste trabalho, analisa-se o desempenho do modelo numérico SWAN (Booij et al., 1999) na caracterização da agitação marítima na zona costeira da praia da Amoreira, em Aljezur, Algarve. Para este efeito, efectua-se uma análise comparativa entre as medições de agitação marítima realizadas na Praia da Amoreira e as estimativas produzidas por esse modelo. Assim, partindo dos resultados do modelo regional de previsão da agitação marítima, WAVEWATCH III, Tolman (1999, 2002), para os dias em que foram realizadas as medições in-situ, efectuaram-se cálculos com o modelo SWAN, obtendo-se nos locais de medição valores de altura significativa, período de pico e período médio. A comparação das simulações numéricas com os dados medidos permitiu avaliar o desempenho do modelo numérico e reforçar a confiança que já existia neste modelo na sua utilização em estudos de morfodinâmica e dinâmica costeira.

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This paper applies two numerical models, REFDIF and SWAN, to characterize the wave climate near the coastalstretch between Galinhos and Guamaré, Brazil. This region is exposed both to incoming swell from NorthAtlantic Ocean and to local seas generated by steady SE Trade Winds, tidal currents are strong, and beachmorphology is very dynamic. Both models were applied to the propagation of different wave conditions, fromoffshore to the coastline of Galinhos-Guamaré. The following incident wave conditions were considered: periodsbetween T=5 s and 13 s, deep water heights between H=0.8 m and 2.4 m, and off-shore directions between N-60-W (60º) and N-60-E (60º). A total of 1053 simulations were performed for the incident wave conditions for eachmodel. The results consist on the wave heights and wave directions of study area. It is also analyzed the results atpoints over the bathymetric line of -8 m (CD). A comparative analysis of the results obtained with each modelpermit to assess their suitability for this area and evaluate their limitations and potentialities

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This paper describes the advances on the research project DITOWEC

Nesta comunicação, descreve-se o sistema HIDRALERTA (sistema de previsão e alerta de inundações em zonas costeiras e portuárias), sistema em ambiente SIG que tem como ideia-base a utilização de previsões da agitação marítima (a 180 horas) para calcular os seus efeitos na costa, nomeadamente em termos de galgamentos e inundações. Dos desenvolvimentos mais recentes ou em curso destacam-se: a construção de mapas de risco costeiro, a partir da análise de uma série de 30 anos de dados de agitação marítima; o desenvolvimento e aplicação do sistema de alerta e da plataforma WEB para a zona da praia de São João da Caparica e para o porto e baía da Praia da Vitória (Terceira, Açores); a aplicação, com recurso a ferramentas SIG, de metodologias quantitativas de análise das consequências do galgamento/inundação (por exemplo, o Processo de Análise Hierárquica

The behaviour of a coastal structure depends on the nearshore hydrodynamics which isdependent from waves and their interaction with the structure. The knowledge of the wave transformationand breaking characteristics close to coastal structures becomes crucial for understanding the physicalprocesses that are involved and to the design of those coastal structures. Physical models and laboratoryexperiments are important tools for a better knowledge and characterization of these phenomena. In thiswork, wave flume tests were performed to analyse the wave hydrodynamics in the vicinity of a structure,constructed with a typical slope of a rubble-mound breakwater. We measured the free surface elevationand velocities by means of resistive probes and Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry. The results enable theidentification of complex phenomena in velocity field and several changes in the velocity field and waveheight caused by set-up, reflexion and wave breaking due to the presence of the structure. The increase ofthree-dimensional effects in the vicinity of the structure was also verified. The reliable experimental datacould be used to numerical models data validation.

Monitoring of water particle velocity on the sea bed is crucial to study morphological shore changes in a coast at intermediate and shallow water depth under progressive surface waves and tidal flow current. Therefore, 3-D particle velocity was monitored continuously at the bottom of Santa Maria del Mar (SMM) beach (SW Spain) by means of a single point current meter during 3 weeks in 2007 since August 28. The current meter was placed at 0.45m above the seabed in order to acquire instantaneous velocity. Wave properties (height and period) were taken from the nearby wave buoy and tidal data were taken from a tidal gauge station. Wave-induced bottom particle velocities were obtained during spring and neap tides at a d/L (depth over wave length) parameter ranging from 0.06 to 0.3. Bottom water particle velocity near the seabed ranges from 0 to ± 0.5 m/sec of which about 82% does not exceed 0.2 m/sec during monitoring. Therefore, only 18% of the surveyed water particle velocities exceed the critical Shield parameter of the beach sand (d50 = 0.23mm) which is about 0.05-0.2 depending on Reynolds number. Results show that maximum horizontal speed is obviously lower during the slack tide (high or low tide) in comparison with flood tide and ebb tide. Moreover, speed is higher during ebb tide in comparison to adjacent flood tide, with steady wave climate. Finally and among other conclusions, the maximum real values of the bottom current surveyed in SMM, as well as the Shield parameter, substantially coincide with the theoretical estimates calculated for a given wave and tidal climate.

No domínio específico do projeto e construção de obras marítimas e portuárias, ao contrário de outro tipo de obras de engenharia, não existe normativa de carácter obrigatório. No entanto, embora não haja legislação específica, existem, em diversos países, recomendações nacionais que reúnem os conceitos e critérios necessários ao Projeto, de forma a melhorar a segurança e otimizar obras de grande importância económica. Normalmente as recomendações focam não só o dimensionamento e construção de obras marítimo-portuárias e costeiras, novas ou extensão das existentes, mas também a sua monitorização e manutenção. Esta comunicação resume as recomendações internacionais existentes, já que em Portugal não há normativas nem recomendações nacionais para apoio ao dimensionamento hidráulico/estrutural de obras marítimas, incluindo as específicas para o dimensionamento geotécnico de obras marítimas e uma breve comparação entre elas.

The need for shelter zones in coastal areas leads to the construction ofstructures for shore protection such as breakwaters. Its design is mainly made based insemi-empirical formulas [1] [2] [3] and in the experience of the project designer, being thee ectiveness of the breakwater carried out through physical modelling.The Harbours and Maritime Structures Division of National Laboratory (NPE, portugueseacronym) for Civil Engineering (LNEC, portuguese acronym) have developed several ex-periments in bidimensional and tridimensional models. Through this experiments, thestability of the breakwater is tested and the evaluation of damage is made by counting thearmor units dislocated (movements or displacements).This damage evaluation is currentlydone by visual inspection thus being a subjective method where some relevant movementsmay go unnoticed.

Rubble-mound structures are commonly used for coastal and port protection and needs aproperly design as well as inspection and maintenance during its lifetime. The design of such breakwatersusually requires a physical scale model to be tested under different irregular incident wave and tideconditions in order to evaluate its hydraulic and structural behaviour, namely the stability of the proposeddesign. Armour units displacement and fall analysis in physical models are then a key point in the designverification and usually requires a trained technician. In this work, an algorithm made in Matlab® ispresented, consisting in digital images processing and analysis which allows automatic and precisedisplacement detection as well as its location in time and space. For a selected displacement, it is alsopossible to characterize it.

The HIDRALERTA system is current1y being implemented as a novel ear1y warning system to assess the risk of flooding in coastal and port region areas. With forecasted sea wave conditions at coastal and port areas, the system is able to determine the effects of waves in terms of wave overtopping and flooding, to compare those results with pre-specified thresholds, to build alert maps, and, if necessary, to issue alert messages. The system will be applied to two case studies: Praia da Vitória harbor, in Terceira Island, Azores, and Caparica beach, near Lisbon. One of the major inputs of this integrated system is the characterization of sea wave conditions at the site of interest, so that both measured wave data and selected numerical models are used. Numerical models, however, should be calibrated for each area of application. This paper is a contribution to get a better insight of the wave characteristics at one of those case studies, the Caparica beach, to provide adequate calibration of the mentioned numerical models. Therefore, two measurement campaigns were organized at that location, using several instruments. Data was collected and analyzed, then compared with those transferred from the Port of Lisbon wave buoy, by using numerical wave propagation models, which then enabled one to evaluate SWAN's performance and to calibrate some of its parameters. Thus, the paper describes the sea wave characterization using both in-situ data and transferred data from the Port of Lisbon wave buoy, and discusses the SWAN' s strengths and weaknesses to simulate thewave conditions measured at the two above mentioned campaigns.

O sistema HIDRALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta de risco de galgamento e inundações emáreas costeiras e portuárias, atualmente em desenvolvimento. Para obtenção das condições de agitação marítimalocais são utilizados modelos numéricos de propagação de ondas, nomeadamente o modelo SWAN. Este trabalhovisa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das características da agitação marítima local num dos casos deestudo considerados no projeto: a praia de S. João de Caparica. Assim, utilizaram-se os dados recolhidos em duascampanhas de medição naquela zona, os quais foram depois analisados e comparados com os resultados obtidospelo modelo SWAN para o mesmo local. Foi ainda feita a comparação entre os dados fornecidos pela boia daAPL e o modelo SWAN, no local da boia. Estes procedimentos permitiram avaliar o desempenho do modeloSWAN para este local.

Este artigo descreve a aplicação do modelo SWAN-VEG para o lago da barragem de Ilha Solteira - São Paulo, Brasil, que faz parte da Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná, a fim de analisar a influência da vegetação sobre a redução da energia das ondas perto das margens do lago. Primeiramente, o modelo é aplicado, considerando uma profundidade constante em todo o reservatório da barragem e uma pequena área de vegetação localizada junto ao paredão da barragem. São testados vários valores de velocidade e direção do vento, bem como diferentes tipos de vegetação. Em seguida, a batimetria real do lago é considerada, bem como vegetação em determinadas zonas nas margens do lago. Várias condições de vento são testadas e comparadas para as situações com e sem vegetação.

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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