Publicações

This work presents the new developments and the validation of a SmoothedParticle Hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical model used in the NationalLaboratory of Civil Engineering (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil- LNEC) for studies in coastal engineering processes. Although the modelrequires a high CPU time, it proved to be very promising in the simulationof complex flows, such as the wave-structure interaction and the wavebreaking phenomenon. For the SPH model validation, physical modelingtests were performed in one LNEC

The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon has drawn the attention ofresearchers in Engineering for several decades. An example is the riser usedfor petroleum exploration, in which it is subjected to marine flows that maycause oscillations due to vortex shedding. In this paper, numerical analysesof the phenomena that occur in the interaction among flows at low Reynoldsnumbers and elastically mounted cylinders are presented. The simulation iscarried out by using the numerical model Ifeinco that uses a semi-implicittwo-step Taylor-Galerkin method to discretize the Navier-Stokes equationsand the arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian formulation to follow the cylindermotion. The rigid body motion description is calculated by using theNewmark method. Firstly, the characteristics of the vortex generationprocess for the fixed cylinder are analyzed. In this case, the Strouhalnumber, the mean drag and the RMS lift coefficients for Reynolds numbersranging from 90 to 140 are shown. Afterwards, an analysis of a flexiblesupported cylinder (with a spring and a damper) in transverse directionsubject to flows with Reynolds numbers ranging from 90 to 140 is carriedout. The cylinder displacement and the vibration frequencies are studied;the synchronization between the vortex shedding and the vibrationfrequency (lock-in) is analyzed. Similar results to the experimental onesdeveloped by Anagnostopoulos and Bearman (1992) were obtained in thisstudy.

Coastal waters are an integral part of the natural environment. Careful planning and management is needed to protect andconserve them, and to ensure that the water supply is useful for a variety of uses.Submarine outfalls for effluent disposal are used to ensure that the water quality is maintained and that the environmental valuesand water uses are protected.Decision on treatment and disposal is based on objectives set by national and international legislation and on coastal and maritimeuses identification.An operational forecast methodology is proposed for the management of submarine outfalls providing information to deal with themarine environment problems and to satisfy needs at different levels for coastal communities.From a management perspective the forecast methodology will support decision making by predicting where a discharged plume islikely to be transported over a few days from its last known location.Short-term forecasts of maritime climate and hydrological conditions along with foreseen effluent characteristics (depending onseasons and population equivalent) of the studied region are used for an accurate estimation of the effluent plume advection anddiffusion processes near the coastline.The operational forecast methodology, continuously evaluating the plume behavior and its relation with the protection perimeter(identified through a coastal usage map), allows the implementation of a precautionary and adjustable management of thesubmarine outfall. Corrective measures (e.g. increase dilution, increase the number of outlets, increase outflow speed) may avoidpossible operational disruptions and minimize potential water quality impacts.To illustrate the application of the procedure, a submarine outfall case study located in the Portuguese coast is analysed.

Neste trabalho é analisado um dispositivo de extração de energia das ondas do tipo coluna de água oscilante sob a ação de ondas regulares de diferentes períodos. São realizadas variações no comprimento submerso da parede frontal e no comprimento da câmara. Para tal é utilizado o código numérico FLUINCO, o qual é baseado nas equações RANS e a discretização é realizada utilizando o método semi-implícito de Taylor-Galerkin de dois passos. Uma formulação lagrangeana-euleriana arbitrária (ALE) é utilizada para permitir a solução de problemas que envolvem movimentos da superfície livre. Alguns resultados são comparados com os obtidos utilizando o programa FLUENT. São apresentados a amplificação (relação entre a altura da onda incidente a e dentro da câmara), distribuição das velocidades e vetores de velocidade.

This paper describes an application of theBoussinesq-type COULWAVE model to study the wavehydrodynamics in the vicinity of a multi-functional artificialreef (MFAR). This reef is under investigation and consists ofa supplementary protection solution for the Leirosa sanddune system located at South of Figueira da Foz, on thePortugueseWest coast. Such installation near the coastline isexpected to contribute to enhance the surfing conditions inthe area, protect the sand dune system in the surroundings ofLeirosa beach, and increase its environmental value.Numerical calculations with the COULWAVE model wereperformed for four test cases, considering two reef geometries(differing in the reef angle) and two incident waveconditions (storm condition and a common wave condition).Comparisons between the results obtained, in terms of waveheights and breaking line positions allow us to assess theinfluence of the reef on the hydrodynamics near the beachand around the reef. Moreover, the reef performance wasanalysed in terms of surfability and coastal protection. Thesurfability parameters (breaker height, Iribarren number andpeel angle) were calculated for each test case using thenumerical wave heights, wave directions and wave breakingpositions. Comparisons of parameters allow characterizingthe most appropriate configuration of the reef to improve thesurfing conditions in the study area. A methodology basedon numerical free surface elevations and horizontal velocitycomponents was developed to calculate wave directions,since this is not a direct output of the COULWAVE model.Concerning coastal protection, analyses of the mean currentsaround the reef were used together with observationsof the velocity cells near the shoreline as an indication of thesediment transport.

The knowledge of wave transformation and breaking characteristics nearcoastline is essential for the nearshore hydrodynamics and the design ofcoastal structures. This paper describes a wide range of wave flume testsperformed at the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC),located in Lisbon (Portugal), which main objective was to study waveshoaling and breaking over a set of different gentle slopes for severalincident waves and thus to contribute for a better understand of thehydrodynamics of wave transformation.The experimental conditions, the measurement equipment, the incidentwave characteristics, the type of measurements performed (free surfaceelevation and particle velocity) and the data obtained are described. Timeand spectral analysis based upon the measured data are also performed andpresented. For a regular wave with a period of 1.5s and a height of 0.1m arepresented and discussed the following results: free surface elevation atselected sections along the flume; the spectral analysis; the significant waveheight and average period along the flume; the particle velocity componentsat different locations along the flume; the average, maximum and minimumvalues of the longitudinal component of the velocity along the flume; thetwo dimensional distribution of the three components of the velocity; andlongitudinal velocity component vertical profiles.

Neste trabalho, analisa-se o desempenho do modelo numérico SWAN (Booij et al., 1999) na caracterização da agitação marítima na zona costeira da praia da Amoreira, em Aljezur, Algarve. Para este efeito, efectua-se uma análise comparativa entre as medições de agitação marítima realizadas na Praia da Amoreira e as estimativas produzidas por esse modelo. Assim, partindo dos resultados do modelo regional de previsão da agitação marítima, WAVEWATCH III, Tolman (1999, 2002), para os dias em que foram realizadas as medições in-situ, efectuaram-se cálculos com o modelo SWAN, obtendo-se nos locais de medição valores de altura significativa, período de pico e período médio. A comparação das simulações numéricas com os dados medidos permitiu avaliar o desempenho do modelo numérico e reforçar a confiança que já existia neste modelo na sua utilização em estudos de morfodinâmica e dinâmica costeira.

N/A

This paper applies two numerical models, REFDIF and SWAN, to characterize the wave climate near the coastalstretch between Galinhos and Guamaré, Brazil. This region is exposed both to incoming swell from NorthAtlantic Ocean and to local seas generated by steady SE Trade Winds, tidal currents are strong, and beachmorphology is very dynamic. Both models were applied to the propagation of different wave conditions, fromoffshore to the coastline of Galinhos-Guamaré. The following incident wave conditions were considered: periodsbetween T=5 s and 13 s, deep water heights between H=0.8 m and 2.4 m, and off-shore directions between N-60-W (60º) and N-60-E (60º). A total of 1053 simulations were performed for the incident wave conditions for eachmodel. The results consist on the wave heights and wave directions of study area. It is also analyzed the results atpoints over the bathymetric line of -8 m (CD). A comparative analysis of the results obtained with each modelpermit to assess their suitability for this area and evaluate their limitations and potentialities

N/A

Coastal vegetation can contribute to protect the coasts from sea wave action, as controlling local biology and morphodynamics. A common way to estimate the wave energy dissipation over vegetation is to use the Mendez and Losada (2004) analytical formulation in combination with the calibrated bulk drag coefficient parameter (CD). However, an excessive range of CD values is found in the literature related to same Reynolds (Re) or Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) numbers. This may be due to a lack of universality of the empirical equations proposed and/or limitations of the analytical model. The numerical model SWASH (Zijlema et al., 2011) characterises wave dissipation over vegetation fields (Suzuki et al., 2019, 2022; Reis et al., 2020) considering the influence of the drag, inertia, and porous effects on cylindrical structures. Potentially, SWASH offers enhanced capacities to describe the physical processes involved and to calibrate associated CD values. Wave dissipation over vegetation data was collected by performing laboratory flume experiments, enabling an ideal control of the study conditions. The analytical formulation and the SWASH numerical model are applied to estimate the wave dissipation obtained in the experiments, through the calibration of the CD.The objective of this study is to investigate: i) how the analytical and SWASH models can represent the experimental wave dissipation, and ii) the calibrated CD values obtained from each modelling approach.

Downtime of port terminals results in large economic losses and has a major impact on the overall competitiveness of ports. Early Warning Systems (EWS) are an effective tool to reduce ports

Aquatic vegetation in the littoral zone, particularly seagrass, is gaining increasing recognition for its net positive impact on the hosting environment. This recognition is rooted in its capacity to absorb wave energy, regulate water flow, and manage nutrient levels, sedimentation and accretion. Thus, there is a growing interest in integrating seagrass as a key component of a comprehensive climate-conscious strategy (Ondiviela et al., 2014). An effective approach to quantify the positive potential of seagrasses in altering coastal wave dynamics is by using numerical models. These numerical models operate at various spatio- temporal scales, ranging from large domains and multiple years to just a few regular waves in high resolution CFD numerical simulations. Zeller et al. (2014) classified these models, operating at different scales into three categories, each addressing the wave-vegetation interaction at a distinct scale: (1) blade scale, (2) meadow scale, and (3) ecosystem scale. The aim of the present study is to investigate the interaction between waves and vegetation at the blade scale. The primary objectives are two: first, to introduce a direct numerical technique that involves a two-way coupling between a fluid solver and a structural solver, and second, to present novel experimental data for a single flexible cylinder (Reis, 2022) serving as validation for the present (and future) numerical model(s).

The present work describes the developments done so far to the Praia da Vitoria coastal region under the LIFEGARACHICO project, namely the implementation of module on HIDRALERTA early warning system foremergency response to coastal waver topping and flooding at Praia da Vitória bay.

The present work describes the developments done so far to the Praia da Vitoria coastal region under the LIFE-GARACHICO project, namely the implementation of module on HIDRALERTA early warning system for emergency response to coastal waver topping and flooding at Praia da Vitória bay.

O acesso marítimo ao Porto de Aveiro apresenta problemas de navegabilidade que condicionam a entrada de navios de grande dimensão, em particular em algumas situações de maré e agitação marítima. Este estudo apresenta e avalia uma configuração alternativa para a embocadura da Ria de Aveiro que visa mitigar estes problemas.

O acesso marítimo ao Porto de Aveiro apresenta problemas de navegabilidade que condicionam a entrada de navios de grande dimensão, em particular em algumas situações de maré e agitação marítima. Este estudo apresenta e avalia uma configuração alternativa para a embocadura da Ria de Aveiro que visa mitigar estes problemas.

Docking large vessels is a delicate operation as the kinetic energy associated with the large mass of the vessel can result in high impact forces that can damage the vessel, fenders or even the quay. Berthing loads are usually quantified using design formulae based on kinetic energy and a single point of impact. Some correction factors are then used to consider the hydrodynamic mass, the ship

Docking large vessels is a delicate operation as the kinetic energy associated with the large mass of the vessel can result in high impact forces that can damage the vessel, fenders or even the quay. Berthing loads are usually quantified using design formulae based on kinetic energy and a single point of impact. Some correction factors are then used to consider the hydrodynamic mass, the ship

This communication describes the methodologies applied in the conception, implementation, andanalysis of a set of surveys on the risk perception of coastal flooding, carried out in the community ofPraia da Vitória (Azores, Terceira Island, Portugal).This work is part of the project LIFE-GARAC HICO* (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641), whose objectiveis to create a Flexible Adaptation Strategic Framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, toincrease the resilience of these areas in face of current and future (considering climate change impacts)coastal extreme events. The project follows a co-participatory approach, to promote awareness amongthe population and increase reliability in coastal risk management. Indeed, involving all the existentstakeholders is the first step in promoting a democratic risk management, which in the end, leads to aresilience increase, in the face of global warming conditions.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

N/A

Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

N/A

N/A

N/A