Publicações

Beaches combined with sloping structures are frequently the frst element of defense to protect urban areas from the impact of extreme coastal fooding events. However, these structures are rarely designed for null wave overtopping discharges, accepting that waves can pass above the crest and threat exposed elements in hinterland areas, such as pedestrians, urban elements and buildings, and vehicles. To reduce risks, Early Warning Systems (EWSs) can be used to anticipate and minimize the impacts of fooding episodes on those elements. A key aspect of these systems is the defnition of non-admissible discharge levels that trigger signifcant impacts. However, large discrepancies in defning these discharge levels and the associated impacts are found among the existing methods to assess foodings. Due to the lack of standardization, a new conceptual and quantitative four-level (from no-impact to high-impact) categorization of food warnings (EW-Coast) is proposed. EW-Coast integrates and unifes previous methods and builds on them by incorporating feld-based information. Thus, the new categorization successfully predicted the impact level on 70%, 82%, and 85% of the overtopping episodes afecting pedestrians, urban elements and buildings, and vehicles, respectively. This demonstrates its suitability to support EWSs in areas vulnerable to wave-induced fooding.

During physical scale model tests of rubble mound breakwaters, the assessment of the eroded volume of the armour layer subjected to incident sea waves can be determined from consecutive surveys of the surface of the armour layer after each test run. This enables one to assess the damage level of the struc ture by comparing erosion profiles and by the eroded volume between consecutive surveys of the tested section. The present study aimed to evaluate the damage evolu tion of a section of the Peniche harbour west breakwater, whose armour layer is made of tetrapods, A dimensionless damage parameter was computed, based on the eroded volume at the end of each test. The test program consisted of three test series (A, B and C) with different durations and wave conditions sequences, considering the low-water level (water depth of 0.20 m at the toe of the structure) and high-water level (0.24 m) and sea states with peak periods Tp = 1.70 s and Tp = 1.98 s and significant wave heights, Hm0, ranging between 0.12 m and 0.19 m. The model was built and operated according to Froude

Melby presents a formula to predict damage evolution in rubble-mound breakwaterswhose armour layer is made of rock, based on the erosion measured in scale-model tests and thecharacteristics of the incident sea waves in such tests. However, this formula is only valid for armourlayers made of rock and for the range of tested sea states. The present work aims to show howthe Melby methodology can be used to establish a similar formula for the armour layer damageevolution in a rubble-mound breakwater where tetrapods are employed. For that, a long-durationtest series is conducted with a 1:50 scale model of the quay section of the Ericeira Harbour breakwater.The eroded volume of the armour layer was measured using a Kinect position sensor. The damageparameter values measured in the experiments are lower than those predicted by the formulationfor rock armour layers. New ap and b coefficients for the Melby formula for the tested armour layerwere established based on the minimum root mean square error between the measured and thepredicted damage. This work shows also that it is possible to assess the damage evolution in scale model tests with rubble-mound breakwaters by computing the eroded volume and subsequently, thedimensionless damage parameter based on the equivalent removed armour units.

The objective of this work is the comparison of two methodologies used for run-up measurements in a two-dimensional physical model, which represented the protection breakwaters of the Peniche and Ericeira

Coastal flooding prediction systems can be an efficient risk-reduction instrument. The goal of this study was to design, build, test, and implement a wave-induced flooding early warning system in urban areas fronted by sandy beaches. The system utilizes a novel approach that combines Bayesian Networks and numerical models (SWAN + XBeach) and was developed in two phases. In the development phase, firstly, the learning information was generated including the creation of oceanic conditions, modeling overtopping discharges, the haracterization of the associated im pacts (no, low, moderate and high) in pedestrians, urban components and buildings, and vehicles, and secondly, the Bayesian Networks were designed that surrogated the previously generated information. After their training, the conditional probability tables were created representing the foundation to make predictions in the operational phase. This methodology was validated for several historical events which hit the study area (Praia de Faro, Portugal), and the system correctly predicted the impact level of around 80% of the cases. Also, the predictive skills varied depending on the level, with the no and high impact levels overcoming the intermediate levels. In terms of efficiency, one simulation (deterministic) of coastal flooding for 72 h by running SWAN + XBeach operationally would take more than two days on a one-logical processor workstation, while the current approach can provide quasi-instantaneously predictions for that period, including probability distributions. Moreover, the two-working phase approach is very flexible enabling the inclusion of additional features such as social components representing a powerful tool for risk reduction in coastal communities.

A avaliação do dano causado pela agitação incidente em modelos físicos de quebra mares de taludes pode ser realizada comparando volumes e profundidades erodidas entre levantamentos consecutivos de cada talude.Atualmente, estes levantamentos podem ser realizados de forma não intrusiva, recorrendo a técnicas fotogramétricas, a laser scan ou a sensores de posição baseados na metolodologia Time of Flight (ToF). Dependendo das condições de levantamento e da metodologia de pós-processamento das nuvens de pontos obtidas, estas técnicas permitem obter modelos tridimensionais de superfície, com elevada precisão.Em detalhe, as diferenças de volume entre os levantamentos inicial e

SAFEPORT safety system aims to daily reports to the Sines harbor administration, potential emergency situations regarding ships

Early warning systems are an important tool for local authorities to detect emergency situations in advance and initiate the necessary safety measure. These systems often depend on numerical models to estimate wave overtopping in the affected areas. The SWASH model has shown to deliver good results in recent overtopping studies. The To-SEAlert project has the aim of increasing the efficiency, robustness and reliability of the HIDRALERTA early warning system. This study shows a first intent to implement the SWASH model to simulate wave overtopping for the Ericeira prototype. SWASH was implemented for one breakwater profile used to simulate the overtopping discharge and evaluate the associated risk levels. It was compared to the current approach used in HIDRALERTA, which resorts to a neural network trained with a physical modeling database, NN_OVERTOPPING2. Finally, both approaches were compared with previously analyzed video images of the breakwater. The results showed that SWASH generally overestimates overtopping and is not in good agreement with the video images. NN_OVERTOPPING2 has a better agreement with the video images. A possible reason for the overestimation might be the wave direction, which cannot be included in one-dimensional simulations in SWASH.

An aerial monitoring system was developed for the maritime structures that protect the foundation columns of the Madeira Island Airport runway infrastructure, in the scope of the research project MEGE, to complement the already existing monitoring program of visual observations. For the aerial monitoring of the berm breakwater, with about 770 m in length, a fast data acquisition system was envisaged. Imaging techniques acquired through a high-resolution camera coupled to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used, which allowed for a very fast and efficient automated procedure, compatible with the difficult accessibility to the structure on the seaside. Point clouds corresponding to the breakwater geometry were obtained from the set of aerial images from the camera on board of the UAV, using photogrammetric techniques. In this paper, the two complementary parts of the monitoring of this structure are described and some results are presented.

The disruption of port operations, whether due to technical issues or external factors, can have asignificant impact on the port

Using physical modelling, the movements of an otherwise motionless ship induced by the wake waves generated by another ship that sails in its vicinity are analyzed.The tests were carried out at one of the wave tanks of the Portuguese Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC). The moving ship is a self-propelled scale model of the

This work presents the development of a numerical integrated system to help prevent emergency situations and minimize risks associated with sea waves

Neste trabalho estuda-se o galgamento em estruturas marítimas verticais impermeáveis através da aplicação do modelo numérico AMAZON, que é um modelo bidimensional, baseado na resolução das equações não lineares de águas pouco profundas. Para validar a sua aplicação, os resultados de caudal médio galgado obtidos com o modelo foram comparados com os resultados de ensaios em modelo físico bidimensional realizados anteriormente e disponíveis na base de dados do projeto europeu CLASH. Os resultados foram ainda comparados com os das fórmulas empíricas / semi-empíricas de Van der Meer & Bruce (2014), Goda (2008) e de Hedges & Reis (Reis et al., 2013). A fórmula de Van der Meer & Bruce apresenta melhores aproximações aos caudais médios medidos que constam na base de dados do CLASH, seguida da fórmula de Goda e dos resultados do AMAZON, embora estes dois últimos apresentem valores bastante próximos. Assim, enquanto não se fizerem melhorias no modelo e/ou não se estender a outros ensaios a análise feita no âmbito deste trabalho, os resultados sugerem que não há vantagem na sua utilização face às formulações disponíveis, tendo também em conta o tempo computacional significativo exigido para executar o AMAZON.

O projeto HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) reúne uma rede Europeia de institutos de hidráulica para o estudo de estratégias de adaptação às alterações climáticas através de ensaios experimentais e cujos resultados são essenciais para a calibração e validação de modelos numéricos, fórmulas empíricas, redes neuronais, etc. Os ensaios experimentais desenvolvidos no LNEC, no âmbito do HYDRALAB+, Tarefa 8.2 do RECIPE tem como objetivo a análise do dano num quebra-mar de talude, do galgamento e do espraiamento para quatro cenários de temporal correspondentes a situações extremas associadas a cenários de alterações climáticas. Os ensaios foram realizados num canal de ondas irregulares no qual foiimplementada uma secção transversal do quebra-mar, com um manto constituído por enrocamento.No presente estudo comparam-se os valores do galgamento medidos nos ensaios em modelo físico com resultados estimados por fórmulas empíricas. Testou-se o efeito de um temporal num cenário de alterações climático, através do aumento da altura significativa de onda com o aumento do nível de água. Foi testado um conjunto de condições de agitação incidentes em combinação com dois níveis de maré.A análise dos resultados é feita com o intuito de estimar com precisão a ocorrência de galgamento em quebra-mares, um fenómeno que ainda se torna mais relevante em cenários de alterações climáticas. Com efeito, nestes cenários é previsível a subida do nível médio do mar, bem como o aumento da intensidade e frequência de temporais, o que pode dar origem a fenómenos de espraiamento/galgamento cada vez mais frequentes, tornando assim cada vez mais vulneráveis as estruturas de proteção costeiras e portuárias, bem como as zonas por elas protegidas.

Este trabalho pretende mostrar os procedimentos utilizados pelo sistema HIDRALERTA para a previsão dos galgamentos costeiros, bem como as ferramentas que têm sido utilizadas para a sua validação. Foram reproduzidas com o sistema as situações de tempestades passadas, para as quais houve relatos documentados de galgamentos significativos e que causaram danos. Esta simulação permitiu perceber a fiabilidade global do sistema e ajustar os limites pré- estabelecimentos para o acionamento de alertas. Com o sistema operacional desde 2015, a documentação que tem sido levantada, através de fotografias e vídeos, pelas autoridades e comunidade locais aquando da previsão da ocorrência de tempestades, têm sido um grande contributo para o melhoramento do sistema. Foi instalado no campo, um sistema de videovigilância que permite detetar e captar automaticamente imagens de galgamentos para comparar com os resultados do sistema. De forma complementar, para avaliação da agitação marítima, utilizam-se as medições da boia ondógrafo instalada junto ao porto e para a validação do fenómeno do galgamento, compararam-se as medições obtidas nos ensaios em modelo físico do perfil tipo do quebra-mar sul, com os resultados da ferramenta neuronal NN_OVERTOPPING2 (Coeveld et al., 2005) (atualmente incorporada no sistema) e com o modelo numérico SWASH (Zijlema et al., 2011) (que se encontra em processo de implementação).

This paper studies novel ways to evaluate armour damage in physical models of coastal structures. High-esolution damage data for reference rubble mound breakwaters obtained under the HYDRALAB+ joint-esearch project are analysed and discussed. These tests are used to analyse the way to describe damage, the influence of the sequence of testing, and touches on the possible influence of sea level rise. Results of two test programmes were used. Firstly, 3D physical model tests carried out at the University of Porto, in cooperation with Deltares, were used. Here a wide breakwater trunk was used for statistical reasons. Additionally, 2D test results from LNEC were analysed. Tests for a sea level rise scenario resulted in less damage to the seaside slope. In addition, clear differences between

Nesta comunicação, analisa-se, recorrendo à modelação física e à modelação numérica, a interação hidrodinâmica entre dois navios, um dos quais parado, o navio

In this study, a numerical analysis to evaluate the energy efficiency of an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy converter is carried out. The device geometry is based on the pilot plant installed on Pico Island, Azores, Portugal. The methodology consists in calculating the percentage of the incident energy that is distributed along the wave energy conversion. The FLUENT® numerical model, which is based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, is used. The Volume of Fluid (VoF) method is employed to take into account the water and air fluids. The case study comprises a flume 10 m deep with an onshore OWC at its end. The distribution of the incident wave energy (1 m wave height with a 9 s period) is determined in terms of reflected wave energy, water column oscillation potential energy, pneumatic energy and energy losses due to viscosity and turbulence dissipations. Results show that the incident wave energy is distributed around 37% for the sum of reflected wave energy and viscosity energy loss, 52% for pneumatic energy and 11% for water column oscillation potential energy.

The most studied device used for extracting wave energy is the Oscillating Water Column (OWC). In general, numerical simulations of these cases by means of models based on Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations adopt the Volume of Fluid (VoF) method to take into account the water and air whose flows are incompressible. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the compressibility effect on the air inside the chamber by means of FLUENT® numerical model. Both water and air flows are still considered incompressible, but, at every instant, a pressure based on an analytical equation that takes into account the turbine characteristic relation (kt) of a Wells turbine and the isentropic transformation of the air is imposed on the top boundary of the chamber. Incident waves with period of 9 s and 1 and 2 m high are imposed in a flume 10 m deep with an onshore OWC at its end (kt = 240 Pa s m-3). Results show differences between incompressible and compressible air around 12% in the air pressure amplitude inside the chamber and about 21% in the average pneumatic power.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure as well as the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbour structures more vulnerable to damage. Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. Project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios. The experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+, TASK 8.2 of RECIPE, entitled

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

N/A

Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

N/A

N/A

N/A