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Beaches combined with sloping structures are frequently the frst element of defense to protect urban areas from the impact of extreme coastal fooding events. However, these structures are rarely designed for null wave overtopping discharges, accepting that waves can pass above the crest and threat exposed elements in hinterland areas, such as pedestrians, urban elements and buildings, and vehicles. To reduce risks, Early Warning Systems (EWSs) can be used to anticipate and minimize the impacts of fooding episodes on those elements. A key aspect of these systems is the defnition of non-admissible discharge levels that trigger signifcant impacts. However, large discrepancies in defning these discharge levels and the associated impacts are found among the existing methods to assess foodings. Due to the lack of standardization, a new conceptual and quantitative four-level (from no-impact to high-impact) categorization of food warnings (EW-Coast) is proposed. EW-Coast integrates and unifes previous methods and builds on them by incorporating feld-based information. Thus, the new categorization successfully predicted the impact level on 70%, 82%, and 85% of the overtopping episodes afecting pedestrians, urban elements and buildings, and vehicles, respectively. This demonstrates its suitability to support EWSs in areas vulnerable to wave-induced fooding.

During physical scale model tests of rubble mound breakwaters, the assessment of the eroded volume of the armour layer subjected to incident sea waves can be determined from consecutive surveys of the surface of the armour layer after each test run. This enables one to assess the damage level of the struc ture by comparing erosion profiles and by the eroded volume between consecutive surveys of the tested section. The present study aimed to evaluate the damage evolu tion of a section of the Peniche harbour west breakwater, whose armour layer is made of tetrapods, A dimensionless damage parameter was computed, based on the eroded volume at the end of each test. The test program consisted of three test series (A, B and C) with different durations and wave conditions sequences, considering the low-water level (water depth of 0.20 m at the toe of the structure) and high-water level (0.24 m) and sea states with peak periods Tp = 1.70 s and Tp = 1.98 s and significant wave heights, Hm0, ranging between 0.12 m and 0.19 m. The model was built and operated according to Froude

Melby presents a formula to predict damage evolution in rubble-mound breakwaterswhose armour layer is made of rock, based on the erosion measured in scale-model tests and thecharacteristics of the incident sea waves in such tests. However, this formula is only valid for armourlayers made of rock and for the range of tested sea states. The present work aims to show howthe Melby methodology can be used to establish a similar formula for the armour layer damageevolution in a rubble-mound breakwater where tetrapods are employed. For that, a long-durationtest series is conducted with a 1:50 scale model of the quay section of the Ericeira Harbour breakwater.The eroded volume of the armour layer was measured using a Kinect position sensor. The damageparameter values measured in the experiments are lower than those predicted by the formulationfor rock armour layers. New ap and b coefficients for the Melby formula for the tested armour layerwere established based on the minimum root mean square error between the measured and thepredicted damage. This work shows also that it is possible to assess the damage evolution in scale model tests with rubble-mound breakwaters by computing the eroded volume and subsequently, thedimensionless damage parameter based on the equivalent removed armour units.

The objective of this work is the comparison of two methodologies used for run-up measurements in a two-dimensional physical model, which represented the protection breakwaters of the Peniche and Ericeira

Coastal flooding prediction systems can be an efficient risk-reduction instrument. The goal of this study was to design, build, test, and implement a wave-induced flooding early warning system in urban areas fronted by sandy beaches. The system utilizes a novel approach that combines Bayesian Networks and numerical models (SWAN + XBeach) and was developed in two phases. In the development phase, firstly, the learning information was generated including the creation of oceanic conditions, modeling overtopping discharges, the haracterization of the associated im pacts (no, low, moderate and high) in pedestrians, urban components and buildings, and vehicles, and secondly, the Bayesian Networks were designed that surrogated the previously generated information. After their training, the conditional probability tables were created representing the foundation to make predictions in the operational phase. This methodology was validated for several historical events which hit the study area (Praia de Faro, Portugal), and the system correctly predicted the impact level of around 80% of the cases. Also, the predictive skills varied depending on the level, with the no and high impact levels overcoming the intermediate levels. In terms of efficiency, one simulation (deterministic) of coastal flooding for 72 h by running SWAN + XBeach operationally would take more than two days on a one-logical processor workstation, while the current approach can provide quasi-instantaneously predictions for that period, including probability distributions. Moreover, the two-working phase approach is very flexible enabling the inclusion of additional features such as social components representing a powerful tool for risk reduction in coastal communities.

A avaliação do dano causado pela agitação incidente em modelos físicos de quebra mares de taludes pode ser realizada comparando volumes e profundidades erodidas entre levantamentos consecutivos de cada talude.Atualmente, estes levantamentos podem ser realizados de forma não intrusiva, recorrendo a técnicas fotogramétricas, a laser scan ou a sensores de posição baseados na metolodologia Time of Flight (ToF). Dependendo das condições de levantamento e da metodologia de pós-processamento das nuvens de pontos obtidas, estas técnicas permitem obter modelos tridimensionais de superfície, com elevada precisão.Em detalhe, as diferenças de volume entre os levantamentos inicial e

SAFEPORT safety system aims to daily reports to the Sines harbor administration, potential emergency situations regarding ships

Early warning systems are an important tool for local authorities to detect emergency situations in advance and initiate the necessary safety measure. These systems often depend on numerical models to estimate wave overtopping in the affected areas. The SWASH model has shown to deliver good results in recent overtopping studies. The To-SEAlert project has the aim of increasing the efficiency, robustness and reliability of the HIDRALERTA early warning system. This study shows a first intent to implement the SWASH model to simulate wave overtopping for the Ericeira prototype. SWASH was implemented for one breakwater profile used to simulate the overtopping discharge and evaluate the associated risk levels. It was compared to the current approach used in HIDRALERTA, which resorts to a neural network trained with a physical modeling database, NN_OVERTOPPING2. Finally, both approaches were compared with previously analyzed video images of the breakwater. The results showed that SWASH generally overestimates overtopping and is not in good agreement with the video images. NN_OVERTOPPING2 has a better agreement with the video images. A possible reason for the overestimation might be the wave direction, which cannot be included in one-dimensional simulations in SWASH.

An aerial monitoring system was developed for the maritime structures that protect the foundation columns of the Madeira Island Airport runway infrastructure, in the scope of the research project MEGE, to complement the already existing monitoring program of visual observations. For the aerial monitoring of the berm breakwater, with about 770 m in length, a fast data acquisition system was envisaged. Imaging techniques acquired through a high-resolution camera coupled to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used, which allowed for a very fast and efficient automated procedure, compatible with the difficult accessibility to the structure on the seaside. Point clouds corresponding to the breakwater geometry were obtained from the set of aerial images from the camera on board of the UAV, using photogrammetric techniques. In this paper, the two complementary parts of the monitoring of this structure are described and some results are presented.

The disruption of port operations, whether due to technical issues or external factors, can have asignificant impact on the port

Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma descrição do papel da modelação física no apoio aos estudos de Engenharia Costeira e Portuária, ilustrando-se as suas potencialidades com exemplos de casos de estudo.Referem-se os contributos inovadores em conceitos, equipamentos, técnicas e procedimentos experimentais que têm sido desenvolvidos nos recentes anos. Assim, apresentam-se metodologias a explorar no futuro, tais como procedimentos destinados a facilitar, agilizar e automatizar as análises de estabilidade e galgamentos de quebra-mares, assim como dos danos no manto protetor, provocados pela agitação marítima nele incidente, e o acesso remoto a ensaios experimentais, e à informação associada à realização destes, a clientes/investigadores interessados.Por fim, são apontados cenários de desenvolvimento para a modelação física de modo a lidar com as consequências das alterações climáticas, e que incorporem: a) sequências de eventos de temporal, incluindo efeitos cumulativos, b) a subida do nível médio do mar; c) técnicas de medição não intrusivas que permitam obter a análise de fenómenos complexos, com características de grande variabilidade temporal e espacial, sem interferir nos mesmos ou no próprio sistema modelado.

A presente comunicação descreve o conjunto de procedimentos adotados para tornar maisfuncional, eficiente e fidedigno o sistema de previsão e alerta de galgamentos em zonascosteiras e portuárias - HIDRALERTA. Estes procedimentos incidiram essencialmente emdois módulos do sistema: o módulo de caraterização da agitação marítima e o módulo dosistema de alerta, que inclui a plataforma Web.O módulo da agitação marítima requer maior capacidade de processamento, e, por isso, foimigrado para o Cluster MEDUSA possibilitando a execução paralelizada dos vários modelosnuméricos de geração, propagação e deformação da agitação marítima em zonas costeirase portuárias. A execução paralelizada permite um aumento da resolução temporal dasprevisões do sistema sem comprometer a rapidez de processamento.A plataforma Web permite dois tipos distintos de visualização diária de resultados: imagensestáticas, que contêm resultados dos modelos numéricos, e um WebGIS, que visa umarápida, eficiente e detalhada análise das previsões do HIDRALERTA. Nesta plataforma foiainda criada uma ferramenta de validação, acessível ao utilizador, que compara os dados daboia ondógrafo da Praia da Vitória (mantida parcialmente através do projecto ESTRAMARMAC/3/C177) com os valores calculados pelo sistema, conferindo uma maior confiança aosresultados do HIDRALERTA. O sistema de alerta foi também desenvolvido de forma aenviar alertas via E-mail. Nos casos que o justifiquem, um alerta emitido automaticamentepelo HIDRALERTA é enviado às entidades competentes, informando-as, com a maiorantecipação possível, das zonas/atividades em risco.

To tackle recurrent emergency situations due to adverse sea wave conditions, often observed in Portuguese ports and coasts, a research project (HIDRALERTA) is underway to build a methodology and a system for long-term planning, wave climate forecast and early warning to be applied to those areas. This system deals with phenomena such as run-up, overtopping and flooding. lt wiII eventually empower the nationa! authorities with tools or systems that allow proper identification of risk areas and emergency situations and enable coastal and port authorities to select adequate and timely measures as to avoid Ioss of lives and minimize damages Iikely to arise from emergency situations. This system is now operative and has been already applied to several places along the coast of Portugal.

São apresentadas algumas das técnicas de validação em curso para o sistema de previsãoe alerta de galgamentos oceânicos no porto e na baía da Praia da Vitória, Ilha Terceira,Açores. Através de hindcast, demonstra-se a capacidade do sistema HIDRALERTA emreproduzir eventos históricos responsáveis pela ocorrência de grandes galgamentos, comosucedido durante um grande temporal em 2001, em que as condições de agitação marítimae consequentes galgamentos originaram a destruição parcial do molhe Sul do porto. Atravésde forecast, comparam-se previsões diárias do sistema com dados de bóia-ondógrafo e cominformações in situ fornecidas por observadores locais, validando assim diariamente osistema. Este procedimento está em curso desde o início do Inverno marítimo de 2015/16. Acomparação dos resultados de hindcast e forecast com, respectivamente, dados históricos eobservações, permite concluir que o sistema representa uma ferramenta fiável no processode tomada de decisão relativamente à gestão de risco e intempéries em zonas costeiras eportuárias.

Monopile foundations are in the lead as the most common offshore substructure worldwide. Therefore, the study of their behaviour and the optimisation of their design represent important contributions, for the development of the offshore wind sector. In order to optimise the design process of monopiles in the marine environment, it is important to account for the uncertainties that can affect these structures, namely those relating to scour phenomena and the means of scour protection. Uncertainty relating to scour can be handled by means of statistical approaches. Probabilistic design methods may enable the optimisation of design procedures.This paper combines several results from physical modelling of scour development and a probabilistic model has been applied and extended to obtain probabilities of failure for the monopiles tested. This investigation will be used for comparison and calibration of the next phase of research, with a similar probabilistic approach being extended for waves and currents combined. The results presented are also used to provide an insight into future research concerning the failure of scour protection schemes. The relationship between safety factors and probabilities of failure of the monopiles is also presented.

O presente trabalho visa estudar numericamente a influência de uma alteração da configuração em planta de um canal na propagação de ondas. Para tal, foi utilizado o modelo OpenFOAM® baseado nas equações RANS (Reynolds

Os quebra-mares de talude são estruturas normalmente utilizadas para proteção portuária eestão sujeitas durante a sua vida útil a diferentes solicitações (p.e., agitação marítima). Aavaliação do seu estado estrutural e a previsão do seu comportamento ao longo do tempotorna-se um assunto fundamental de modo a evitar significativos prejuízos materiais.É nesse âmbito que se insere o programa de observação sistemática, em curso no LNEC,desde 1986, para quebra-mares localizados em Portugal Continental, no qual o LNEC efetuainspeções periódicas e avalia as condições de segurança de cada quebra-mar, bem como oestado de risco da estrutura com vista à melhor gestão das operaçõesmanutenção/reparação.Para apoio a esse programa desenvolveu-se a aplicação informática ANOSOM, emMicrosoft Access

The present study focuses on the comparison of measured wave run-up values obtained in physical model tests with those predicted by different empirical formulae. Tests were carried out in a flume for a cross-section of a rubble mound breakwater with an armour layer of tetrapods and rock, and a recurved wave return wall. The model represents the cross-section of the south breakwater of Praia da Vitória harbour (Azores, Portugal) that directly protects quay 12. Two water levels and several incident wave conditions were tested. Empirical runup formulae from Van der Meer & Stam (1992), Pullen et al. (2007) and Bonakdar & Etemad- Shahidi (2011) were applied for the tested conditions and comparisons were made with experimental values of the two percent wave run-up, R2% . Generally, the agreement between predictions and measurements was better for mean low water than for mean high water springs, with all formulae over predicting measurements for the latter.

A set of physical model tests was run in to characterize the ship

A set of physical model tests was run in order to characterize the ship

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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