Publicações

O SAFEPORT-SINES é um sistema de previsão e alerta para a segurança da navegação em zonas portuárias, englobando situações de emergência associadas a navios em trânsito ou amarrados, devidas a condições meteo-oceanográficas extremas. O sistema fornece previsões com 3 dias de antecedência da agitação marítima, das condições de vento e de maré, assim como dos movimentos dos navios, identificando as situações que possam ter consequências gravosas nos navios em manobra ou amarrados dentro do porto. Os níveis de risco associados baseiam-se em critérios de segurança e de operacionalidade, nomeadamente nos movimentos do navio e nos esforços nos elementos de amarração. Neste trabalho apresenta-se o sistema SAFEPORT em termos do seu desenvolvimento e arquitetura, do fluxo e tratamento de dados e do funcionamento dos modelos numéricos utilizados. Apresenta-se ainda o funcionamento da plataforma web e da aplicação móvel onde é possível consultar os parâmetros relevantes para aferir os riscos referidos

SAFEPORT safety system aims at forecasting and alerting, on a regular basis, emergency situations regarding ships operation in port areas caused by extreme weather-oceanographic conditions. It uses forecasts provided offshore of the area under study of sea agitation, wind and tide. The characterization of the response of the free and moored ships at a berth is performed using the numerical package SWAMS. The system issue alerts, through danger levels associated with risk levels of exceedance of recommended values for movements and forces imposed on ship mooring systems. SAFEPORT can be adapted to any port. So far, it has been developed and adapted to three terminals of the port of Sines, where three different ships were simulated. This paper presents the developments made to date of the safety system, which includes tests performed in storm situations. The numerical models run every day, in real-time mode, in a computer cluster and the system provide forecast results for the next 72 hours. The results are disseminated on a web page and a mobile application in a variety of formats. It was concluded that the SAFEPORT safety system issued alerts according to the observed reality during the storm Dora. It has also been shown to be a computer tool for the optimization of ship mooring systems. The system is currently in testing and validation phase therefore, forecasts should be interpreted as indicative.

Docking of very large ships is a delicate procedure as the kinetic energy associated with large masses of the ship can result in high impact forces causing damages to the ship, the fenders and even the quay itself. The expected berthing loads are a key element in quay design. Fenders are usually rubbery flexible elements that turn the vessel

Docking of very large ships is a delicate procedure as the kinetic energy associated with large masses of the ship can result in high impact forces causing damages to the ship, the fenders and even the quay itself. The expected berthing loads are a key element in quay design. Fenders are usually rubbery flexible elements that turn the vessel

The To-SEAlert project (Fortes et al., 2021) aims to include a set of tools/methodologies into the Early Warning System HIDRALERTA (Poseiro, 2019, Fortes et al., 2020, Pinheiro et al., 2020) to make it more efficient, reliable and robust.

Marine fenders provide the necessary interface between berthing ships and berth structures (PIANC, 2002). Their absence can cause damage to either the quay or the ship or both the quay and the ship, endangering lives, and property. Due to the complex hydrodynamics around berthing ships, the characterization of the maximum force applied to an individual fender and the force distribution among a set of fenders is an essential factor in the design and safety of maritime structures and the fenders themselves, as well as for improving existing ones. This paper aims to describe a combining physical and numerical modelling of a ship impact on fenders, in order to improve the numerical modelling of this problem.Physical modelling represents a good practice in hydraulic studies, where a scale model is used to reproduce complex dynamic phenomena. However, the use of a sophisticated numerical model (or a package of numerical models) can provide a good means to evaluate the samecomplex physical processes and, in addition, to design and test a large number of alternatives in a short time span.Both types of models have their strengths and weaknesses (Gerritsen and Sutherland, 2011). Physical models provide a natural reproduction of complex non-linear physical phenomena, therefore they are well established and considered to be truthful. On the other hand, these models can be expensive and time consuming. In addition, one has to deal with the scale effect and measurement difficulties and errors are frequent. Numerical models in turn are very efficient to simulate rapidly many physical processes and the results can be easily extracted. On the other hand, to improve the reliability of their use in practice, it is necessary to calibrate several parameters through physical model measurements and field experiments. In order to take advantage of the potentiality of the two models emerged the composite modelling which is the integrated and balanced use of physical and numerical models (Gerritsen and Sutherland, 2011). This technique also costs but provides results with a better quality than those model techniques separately and increases the confidence in the use of numerical models.The physical modeling consists of a ship scaled model, whose impact on the fenders was performed in a wave basin. Various impact velocities and angles between the ship axis and the fenders alignment were used to represent possible collision conditions. The same conditions were reproduced by a numerical package. The numerical modeling was performed using MOORNAV (Santos, 1994), which estimates the ship motions and the forces exerted on the elements of the mooring system, namely mooring lines and fenders.

Esta comunicação diz respeito à fase de testes do sistema SAFEPORT, tendo-se avaliado o seu desempenho numa situação de tempestade. Trata-se de um sistema desenvolvido para a segurança da navegação do porto de Sines, e, mais concretamente, nos seus terminais de Granéis Líquidos, Multiusos e Contentores. Para estes terminais, simulou-se o impacto da tempestade Célia nos esforços nos cabos de amarração de um navio petroleiro, de um navio de carga geral e de um navio porta contentores, respetivamente. O sistema SAFEPORT demonstrou ser capaz de antecipar os efeitos nos navios amarrados dos estados de agitação associados à tempestade Célia.

The present project addresses a problem related to the erosion effects on a breakwater barrier due to waves which leads to its degradation and that may eventually lead to lack of functionality of the structure. In the present case, the breakwater acts as a physical barrier between the Atlantic Ocean and the cargo Harbour of Leixões, in Matosinhos, Portugal, justifying the needs of health monitoring of the barrier.To monitor this structure, with a length of roughly 700 m, the need of a fast data acquisition system led to the choice of imaging techniques which allow for a fast acquisition of a diversified data set. The images were acquired using a high-resolution camera attached to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), enabling a faster and more automated procedure that leads to the systematization of the process, while being compatible with the difficult accessibility of the structure, which is surrounded by sea waves. Point clouds corresponding to the breakwater

Storms impacting sandy coastal areas produce hazard such as erosion as overwash, in turn, promote risk to life and property damage in occupied areas.

Methodologies to be used in numerical models based on Reynolds-averaged Navier

Neste trabalho foram realizadas análises da propagação de ondas regulares e irregulares em um canal bidimensional com praia numérica através do modelo Fluent v. 16, desenvolvido pela ANSYS, que utiliza o método dos volumes finitos para a resolução das equações de conservação da massa e de movimento e o método Volume of Fluid para o rastreamento da posição da superfície livre. A praia numérica é baseada na adição de um termo de sumidouro na equação da quantidade de movimento que contém os coeficientes de amortecimento linear e quadrático. Para a aferição dos dois coeficientes, que dependem das características da onda incidente, foram simulados três casos de incidência de ondas regulares. De maneira geral, enquanto que o uso de baixos valores de coeficientes de amortecimento deixam ruídos numéricos no sinal da elevação da superfície livre, o uso de altos coeficientes de amortecimento causam reflexões das ondas incidentes. Diante dos resultados, adotou-se um coeficiente de amortecimento linear ótimo para as ondas regulares incidentes e manteve-se coeficiente de amortecimento quadrático nulo. Para esta situação, as séries temporais de elevação de superfície livre foram comparadas com séries temporais teóricas, mostrando uma excelente concordância entre elas. Após aferição da praia numérica, foi realizada a simulação com incidência de onda irregular definida pelo espectro do tipo JONSWAP. Analisando a evolução do espectro de energia e comparando-o com o imposto, verificou-se uma boa concordância entre os espectros medidos ao longo das sondas de monitoramento e o espectro imposto. Concluiu-se, através desse estudo, que o Fluent v. 16 e a metodologia utilizada permitem realizar a simulação da propagação de ondas regulares e, principalmente, irregulares em um canal bidimensional com praia numérica de forma adequada.

Nesta comunicação, descreve-se um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado e ao comportamento de navios em manobra ou amarrados em zonas portuárias. Trata-se de uma extensão do HIDRALERTA (associado aos fenómenos de galgamentos oceânicos e inundações em zonas costeiras e portuárias), e tal como este, tem como ideia-base a utilização de previsões da agitação marítima (a 72 horas) para calcular os seus efeitos, neste caso, sobre os navios, quer nas manobras de aproximação ao porto quer quando se encontram acostados no interior deste. O sistema está a ser implementado numa plataforma Web e é constituído por 4 módulos: Características da Agitação Marítima; Navegação em zonas portuárias; Avaliação do risco e Sistema de Alerta. O porto da Praia da Vitória constitui a primeira aplicação prática do sistema e ilustra as suas potencialidades.

Nesta comunicação, descreve-se o sistema SWAMS_ALERTA que é um sistema deprevisão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado à navegação em zonas portuáriase ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias. O sistema baseia-se nosistema HIDRALERTA (associado aos fenómenos de galgamentos oceânicos e inundaçõesem zonas costeiras e portuárias), e tal como este, tem como ideia-base a utilização deprevisões da agitação marítima (a 72 horas) para calcular os seus efeitos, neste caso, sobreos navios, quer nas manobras de aproximação ao porto quer quando se encontra acostado nointerior deste.O sistema modular é constituído por 4 módulos: I

O objectivo principal deste artigo é implementar condições de fronteiras específicas num modelo URANS-VOF 3D (Unsteady Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes

This paper focuses the toe berm damage progression analysis using image processing tools, in order to test their applicability to scale model tests. Damage can be characterized either by counting the number of displaced units or by measuring the eroded profile of the armor slope. Nevertheless, qualitative and quantitative damage assessment is not always easy. In order to ease and speed up those tasks, some image processing tools are applied in this study. In this work, damage was accessed using the displaced armor units counting method. A stereophotogrammetric method for profile survey was used to analyze profile eroded areas during test series. An image compare tool was alsp implemented and advantages and limitations of these techniques were evaluated. These techniques were applied ia scale model tests of Praia da Vitória harbor South breakwater, aiming to quantify the cross-section damage progression.

The evaluation of the travel distance of wave overtopping behind coastal structures is very important for estimating the damaging impacts. Usually, these calculations can be performed by applying empirical formulas but they are limited to the wave/water level conditions and structure characteristics for which they were developed.This paper describes the application of existing formulas to a cross-section of the south breakwater of Praia da Vitória port (Terceira island, Azores, Portugal), which is protected by a recurved wave return wall.Results from physical model tests performed at LNEC are used to test, validate and calibrate those formulas. The formula that provided the best fit to the measured travel distances was developed by Besley (1999) but discrepancies were still considerable. Following a sensitivity analysis on the empirical parameters, new parameter values were suggested, as well as adjusted Besley (1999) and Lykke Andersen et al. (2009) formulas, which improved significantly the agreement with the new physical model data.

This paper describes the SWAMS ALERT system, a forecast, warning and risk assessment system associated with navigation and mooring of ships in port areas. This system is based on HYDRALERTA, a previously developed system for overtopping and flooding in coastal and port areas. The basic idea is to use 72-hour sea waves

This paper focus on the sea wave characterization (significant wave height, peak wave period, mean wave period, mean wave direction) at the Azores archipelago and the evaluation of the wave energy source. For the sea wave characterization, the numerical mode! SWAN, is applied for a period of 10 years in several points around each of the nine islands of Azores, at the 100 m CD bathymetric. Based on those results, average wave power maps considering whole 10 year period or the winter and the summer periods are constructed. An average sea wave climate is also presented. Moreover, sea wave characterization is also made for Porto Cachorro at Pico island, where a power pIant is constructed since 1990.

A avaliação quantitativa do risco de galgamentos, e correspondente inundação, em termos de custos associados aos danos causados por estes fenómenos é de grande relevância. Com efeito, tal dotará as autoridades competentes de uma informação fulcral para o planeamento a médio e longo prazo de intervenções mitigadoras do risco.Nesta comunicação, apresenta-se a aplicação da simulação de Monte Carlo ao porto da Praia da Vitória para a análise da incerteza das variáveis que influenciam o valor dos prejuízos causados pela ocorrência de galgamentos e inundação nesta zona portuária.A metodologia consiste na definição de um conjunto de variáveis aleatórias, tais como: o caudal médio galgado, a área atingida pelo galgamento, o valor e o número de bens em risco e o dano causado nos bens. A cada uma destas variáveis faz-se corresponder uma distribuição de probabilidade, procede-se à geração de uma amostra de valores aleatórios, aplica-se o modelo para cálculo do prejuízo associado ao galgamento utilizando as combinações geradas pelas variáveis aleatórias e, por fim, analisam-se os resultados para avaliação da incerteza nos mesmos. Com vista a simplificar a aplicação do modelo, esta foi dividida em 3 estágios, sendo o primeiro apenas para a geração da distribuição do caudal médio galgado condicionado ao nível da altura significativa do estado de agitação incidente na estrutura, o segundo para a determinação da distribuição correspondente ao custo condicionado ao mesmo nível e o terceiro para a obtenção da distribuição para o risco. A probabilidade de excedência de cada um dos níveis referidos é determinada, com base nos últimos 30 anos de previsões da agitação marítima obtidas nesta zona. Os caudais médios galgados sobre uma estrutura portuária são obtidos com recurso à ferramenta neuronal NN_OVERTOPPING2. Os restantes parâmetros foram definidos empiricamente apenas com o intuito de demonstrar o modelo.

Runnup and overtopping are the two main sea wave originated events that threat coastal structures. Theseevents may cause destruction of property and the environment, and endanger people. To build early warning forecast systems, we must take into account the consequence and risk characterization of the events in the affected area, and understand how these two types of spatial information integrate with sensor data sources and the risk determination methodology. In this paper we present the description and relationship between consequence and risk maps, their role on the risk calculation, and how the HIDRALERTA project integrates both aspects into its risk methodology. We present a case study for Praia da Vitória port, in Azores Portugal.

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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