Publicações

O SAFEPORT-SINES é um sistema de previsão e alerta para a segurança da navegação em zonas portuárias, englobando situações de emergência associadas a navios em trânsito ou amarrados, devidas a condições meteo-oceanográficas extremas. O sistema fornece previsões com 3 dias de antecedência da agitação marítima, das condições de vento e de maré, assim como dos movimentos dos navios, identificando as situações que possam ter consequências gravosas nos navios em manobra ou amarrados dentro do porto. Os níveis de risco associados baseiam-se em critérios de segurança e de operacionalidade, nomeadamente nos movimentos do navio e nos esforços nos elementos de amarração. Neste trabalho apresenta-se o sistema SAFEPORT em termos do seu desenvolvimento e arquitetura, do fluxo e tratamento de dados e do funcionamento dos modelos numéricos utilizados. Apresenta-se ainda o funcionamento da plataforma web e da aplicação móvel onde é possível consultar os parâmetros relevantes para aferir os riscos referidos

SAFEPORT safety system aims at forecasting and alerting, on a regular basis, emergency situations regarding ships operation in port areas caused by extreme weather-oceanographic conditions. It uses forecasts provided offshore of the area under study of sea agitation, wind and tide. The characterization of the response of the free and moored ships at a berth is performed using the numerical package SWAMS. The system issue alerts, through danger levels associated with risk levels of exceedance of recommended values for movements and forces imposed on ship mooring systems. SAFEPORT can be adapted to any port. So far, it has been developed and adapted to three terminals of the port of Sines, where three different ships were simulated. This paper presents the developments made to date of the safety system, which includes tests performed in storm situations. The numerical models run every day, in real-time mode, in a computer cluster and the system provide forecast results for the next 72 hours. The results are disseminated on a web page and a mobile application in a variety of formats. It was concluded that the SAFEPORT safety system issued alerts according to the observed reality during the storm Dora. It has also been shown to be a computer tool for the optimization of ship mooring systems. The system is currently in testing and validation phase therefore, forecasts should be interpreted as indicative.

Docking of very large ships is a delicate procedure as the kinetic energy associated with large masses of the ship can result in high impact forces causing damages to the ship, the fenders and even the quay itself. The expected berthing loads are a key element in quay design. Fenders are usually rubbery flexible elements that turn the vessel

Docking of very large ships is a delicate procedure as the kinetic energy associated with large masses of the ship can result in high impact forces causing damages to the ship, the fenders and even the quay itself. The expected berthing loads are a key element in quay design. Fenders are usually rubbery flexible elements that turn the vessel

The To-SEAlert project (Fortes et al., 2021) aims to include a set of tools/methodologies into the Early Warning System HIDRALERTA (Poseiro, 2019, Fortes et al., 2020, Pinheiro et al., 2020) to make it more efficient, reliable and robust.

Marine fenders provide the necessary interface between berthing ships and berth structures (PIANC, 2002). Their absence can cause damage to either the quay or the ship or both the quay and the ship, endangering lives, and property. Due to the complex hydrodynamics around berthing ships, the characterization of the maximum force applied to an individual fender and the force distribution among a set of fenders is an essential factor in the design and safety of maritime structures and the fenders themselves, as well as for improving existing ones. This paper aims to describe a combining physical and numerical modelling of a ship impact on fenders, in order to improve the numerical modelling of this problem.Physical modelling represents a good practice in hydraulic studies, where a scale model is used to reproduce complex dynamic phenomena. However, the use of a sophisticated numerical model (or a package of numerical models) can provide a good means to evaluate the samecomplex physical processes and, in addition, to design and test a large number of alternatives in a short time span.Both types of models have their strengths and weaknesses (Gerritsen and Sutherland, 2011). Physical models provide a natural reproduction of complex non-linear physical phenomena, therefore they are well established and considered to be truthful. On the other hand, these models can be expensive and time consuming. In addition, one has to deal with the scale effect and measurement difficulties and errors are frequent. Numerical models in turn are very efficient to simulate rapidly many physical processes and the results can be easily extracted. On the other hand, to improve the reliability of their use in practice, it is necessary to calibrate several parameters through physical model measurements and field experiments. In order to take advantage of the potentiality of the two models emerged the composite modelling which is the integrated and balanced use of physical and numerical models (Gerritsen and Sutherland, 2011). This technique also costs but provides results with a better quality than those model techniques separately and increases the confidence in the use of numerical models.The physical modeling consists of a ship scaled model, whose impact on the fenders was performed in a wave basin. Various impact velocities and angles between the ship axis and the fenders alignment were used to represent possible collision conditions. The same conditions were reproduced by a numerical package. The numerical modeling was performed using MOORNAV (Santos, 1994), which estimates the ship motions and the forces exerted on the elements of the mooring system, namely mooring lines and fenders.

Esta comunicação diz respeito à fase de testes do sistema SAFEPORT, tendo-se avaliado o seu desempenho numa situação de tempestade. Trata-se de um sistema desenvolvido para a segurança da navegação do porto de Sines, e, mais concretamente, nos seus terminais de Granéis Líquidos, Multiusos e Contentores. Para estes terminais, simulou-se o impacto da tempestade Célia nos esforços nos cabos de amarração de um navio petroleiro, de um navio de carga geral e de um navio porta contentores, respetivamente. O sistema SAFEPORT demonstrou ser capaz de antecipar os efeitos nos navios amarrados dos estados de agitação associados à tempestade Célia.

The present project addresses a problem related to the erosion effects on a breakwater barrier due to waves which leads to its degradation and that may eventually lead to lack of functionality of the structure. In the present case, the breakwater acts as a physical barrier between the Atlantic Ocean and the cargo Harbour of Leixões, in Matosinhos, Portugal, justifying the needs of health monitoring of the barrier.To monitor this structure, with a length of roughly 700 m, the need of a fast data acquisition system led to the choice of imaging techniques which allow for a fast acquisition of a diversified data set. The images were acquired using a high-resolution camera attached to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), enabling a faster and more automated procedure that leads to the systematization of the process, while being compatible with the difficult accessibility of the structure, which is surrounded by sea waves. Point clouds corresponding to the breakwater

Storms impacting sandy coastal areas produce hazard such as erosion as overwash, in turn, promote risk to life and property damage in occupied areas.

Methodologies to be used in numerical models based on Reynolds-averaged Navier

The aims of this project are to study the wave dynamics, formation mechanisms and statisticalproperties of extreme and rogue waves on the water surface. Bimodal/crossing seas cangenerate extreme and rogue wave events and are relatively common in the open ocean. Aseries of experiments was carried out in the Marintek Ocean Basin in Trondheim underconditions close to those found in the open sea. Rogue waves, i.e. events with crests largerthan or equal to five times the standard deviation or wave heights larger than or equal to twicethe significant wave height, were observed in each test. The mean height of the highest wavesincreased with increasing record length and increasing kurtosis. For the bimodal/crossingconditions there was little difference between the observed values of kurtosis and an empiricalestimate, particularly if the effect of bound waves are included.

In order to provide new insight into the flow and forces around a submarine outfall, 3D testswere performed in the DHI Shallow Water Basin with different outfall geometries (with andwithout stabilizing concrete weights), different wave obliquities (90º, 30º and 10º) anddifferent pipe distances from the bottom. The tests were carried out in the subcritical flowregime. The collected data provide new understanding of the importance of the wave obliquityin the forces on the outfall, especially for small values, where there are no available data.Moreover, for the case with the pipe stabilized by concrete weights, where almost noinformation is available, the influence on the forces of the wave obliquity and of the pipedistance from the bottom are analyzed, giving important indications to the design project.

Marine structures built on muddy soils, such as breakwaters and submarine outfalls, are subject to settlement, scour and liquefaction and the mechanics of these processes are still uncertain. The aim of the present experimental study is to investigate stability of submarine outfalls in low quality soil. Physical modeling, carried out in the wave flume at UNAM, Mexico, is described and the results are presented and discussed. Tests were performed for different wave conditions (wave heights and periods), different soil characteristics (several mixtures of kaolinite and sand) and three structural layouts: the pipe resting on the soil, the pipe partially buried and a totally buried pipe.The pore pressure for different positions on the soil and the movements of the pipes were measured, together with surface elevation along the flume.

The present work focuses on the comparison between different types of data analysis (time analysis; Fourier transform spectral analysis; wavelet transform spectral analysis; and hodograph representation) applied to Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV) records of wave orbital velocities. Different wave conditions (monochromatic, bichromatic and irregular) have been tested, for the general purpose of experimentally investigating wave shoaling and breaking over a gentle slope. The analysis of the velocity data, through these methodologies, illustrates other relevant phenomena occurring in the wave propagation, which cannot be depicted by the usual wave gauges. Each of these techniques has advantages and drawbacks,and so they should be complementary.

Os modelos SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics), baseados na formulação Lagrangiana dasequações da Dinâmica dos Fluidos, são uma opção atractiva para modelar escoamentos com superfície livre, poisnão necessitam de malha computacional, permitindo modelar fenómenos complexos, como a rebentação de ondase o galgamento. Neste trabalho apresenta-se o modelo numérico SPHyCE em desenvolvimento no LNEC e a suaaplicação à determinação do galgamento no quebra-mar poente do Porto de Pesca de Albufeira (Algarve), no qualforam realizadas as primeiras campanhas de medição de galgamento num quebra-mar em Portugal no âmbito doprojecto SPACE (Desenvolvimento e validação de um modelo SPH para aplicações a estruturas costeiras).Apresenta-se a metodologia de acoplamento dos modelos SWAN, Bouss2D e SPHyCE, para modelar apropagação das ondas do largo até ao quebra-mar, assim como as campanhas de campo. São analisados ecomparados os galgamentos obtidos com o modelo numérico e os medidos.

A zona de Diogo Lopes, situada no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, foi alvo devários estudos interdisciplinares, que incluíram a caracterização da agitação marítima ao longodesta costa (Ângelo et al. 2012, Matos et al. 2013). Esta é dominada por um regime de alternânciade brisa marítima e terrestre que colocou certas dificuldades. Para obviar a estas, recorre-se,novamente, ao modelo SWAN para a simulação do estado de mar, mas com um domínio decálculo alargado, um campo de ventos, obtido na estação meteorológica de Macau, diferente ecom a introdução da interacção das ondas e correntes. Estas são provenientes do modelohidrodinâmico SISBAHIA desenvolvido na referida Universidade. O forçamento ao largo é obtidorecorrendo ao modelo Wavewatch III. Para a verificação das simulações, utilizaram-se mediçõesde sensores AWAC para o período de 11 a 12 de Dezembro de 2010, em dois pontos distintos damalha computacional.

Os modelos Lagrangianos de tipo Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) apresentam-se como uma alternativa interessante para modelar a interação entre ondas e estruturas costeiras e marítimas. Estes modelos permitem representar corretamente a física dos fenômenos. No entanto, como qualquer modelo numérico, a precisão dos resultados depende fortemente da resolução, i.e. da dimensão das partículas. O estudo de análise da convergência com a resolução, para a elevação da superfície livre e o galgamento, mostra assim que a convergência é obtida para resoluções diferentes em função do tipo de fenômeno analisado e para resoluções mais finas quando a não-linearidade dos fenômenos aumenta. Os resultados numéricos foram comparados com os dados experimentais obtidos em canal de ondas evidenciando a convergência quer da elevação de superfície livre quer do galgamento com a resolução.

A geração e propagação de ondas de vento em lagos de barragens de grande dimensãopode por em causa a segurança da navegação interior bem como contribuir para aocorrência de fenómenos erosivos nas margens desses lagos. É, por isso, muito importantea correta estimação dessas ondas de vento e o desenvolvimento de metodologias eferramentas capazes de promover a sua monitorização e a previsão atempada dessasondas de modo a minimizar as suas consequências do ponto de vista económico eambiental.É, neste âmbito, que se insere o trabalho que está a ser desenvolvido para o lago dabarragem de Ilha Solteira no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, onde um vasto conjunto de dadosin situ (ventos, ondas, correntes e sedimentos) está a ser coletado desde 2007 assim comose iniciaram as aplicações de modelos numéricos de geração e propagação de ondas.Nesta comunicação, apresenta-se a comparação das estimativas produzidas pelo modelonumérico SWAN, utilizando a caracterização do vento obtida a partir do Anemómetro 2Dsônico instalado no lago da barragem de Ilha Solteira, com as medições da elevação dasuperfície livre obtidas com o sensor de pressão instalado a 1 m da superfície e 8 m deprofundidade local para um período de 2 meses (janeiro e fevereiro de 2011).As comparações efectuadas mostram a capacidade do modelo SWAN em reproduzirglobalmente as características de agitação verificadas no lago em função da boaconcordância entre os valores experimentais e os resultados do modelo numérico, onde em97% dos casos se obteve um índice de concordância (IC) de 73%.

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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