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With the sea level rise and all the processes associated with wave action.

É cada vez mais usual o recurso à modelação numérica para a simulação de eventos de galgamento, inundação e erosão em zonas costeiras. Neste estudo, recorre-se ao acoplamento de dois modelos, SWAN + XBeach (modo surf beat), para a propagação da agitação marítima do largo até à zona de espraio e para reproduzir a evolução morfodinâmica, a fim de avaliar a ocorrência de galgamento e erosão resultantes de eventos meteo-oceanográficos extremos. O local de estudo incide sobre o sector urbano artificializado da Costa da Caparica, que é composto por um campo de esporões e uma estrutura de proteção aderente em toda a extensão, formando seis células de praia arenosa. As simulações cobriram 96 h de forçamentos oceanográficos, representando, assim, a passagem da tempestade Hércules/Christine, entre os dias 3 e 7 de janeiro de 2014. O modelo SWAN propagou com sucesso as condições de agitação marítima para a área de estudo, quando comparado com os dados registados pela boia do Porto de Lisboa. Em relação ao modelo XBeach, este foi capaz de reproduzir alguma da evolução morfodinâmica espectável, contudo a erosão da praia emersa ficou aquém dos relatos documentados, não tendo sido possível avaliar quantitativamente os resultados. O alcance máximo do espraio obtido ao longo deste troço de costa foi inferior ao documentado, o que induz a falhas na previsão de inundações devido ao galgamento. Estes resultados podem ser devidos a uma parametrização inadequada do modelo e/ou à falta de levantamentos topo-batimétricos da praia. Esta abordagem metodológica representa um passo importante para uma melhor estimativa da evolução morfodinâmica na Costa da Caparica devido a eventos de tempestade e significa um importante esforço inicial para melhorar a avaliação dos eventos de galgamento e inundação.

O HIDRALERTA é um sistema de avaliação, previsão e alerta do risco da ocorrência de situações de emergência associadas aos efeitos da agitação marítima (galgamento, inundação e navios amarrados) em zonas costeiras e portuárias. Sendo um sistema de alerta, é fundamental que funcione corretamente, quer em situações correntes (apenas emitindo alertas quando tal se justifique), quer em situações de tempestade. Neste trabalho são apresentados os desenvolvimentos efetuados até à data na validação do sistema em situações de tempestade, com a sua aplicação na simulação do furacão Lorenzo e das depressões Elsa e Fabien. Da análise efetuada pode concluir-se que os alertas emitidos pelo sistema estiveram em oncordância com os danos/ocorrências reportadas localmente, o que contribui para reforçar a confiança no sistema que está a ser desenvolvido. A característica diferenciadora deste trabalho é que a avaliação do risco é efetuada com base nos parâmetros específicos do risco que se pretende prever, como caudais de galgamento ou as forças nas amarrações, e não apenas em parâmetros meteorológicos e oceanográficos.

The effects of a farm of bottom-fixed oscillating flaps on the wave propagation in Almagreira beach (Portugal) are evaluated. The SNL-SWAN (Sandia National Laboratories, Simulating WAves Nearshore) numerical model is validated from 2010 to 2018 against Nazaré wave buoy data and run for 19 years to characterize the wave resource and identify the most common and energetic sea states. By varying number (10 to 100) and configuration of wave energy converters (WECs) an optimal array is identified. Model sensitivity to two methods of determining the transmission coefficient, OBCASEs 1 and 3, is studied by analyzing changes in significant wave height, period and direction. OBCASE 1 overestimates the effects of the farm on the waves and changes result higher in the lee of the array with an increasing number of devices. As a future work OBCASE 2 and 4 will be compared to OBCASE 1 and 3.

Climate change studies already reported sea level rise as an accepted scenario, which induces changes in nearshore wave conditions. A large range of new experiences including water level, run-up, overtopping, hydrodynamic data for different wave steepnesses and directions was performed in the Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH) wave basin for a rubble mound breakwater with a slope of 1(V):2(H). This work presents, focusing on oblique extreme wave conditions, numerical simulations of the hydrodynamics in that experiment using OpenFOAM®. Results of the wave generation boundary conditions and their propagation, namely levation of the water level free-surface and velocity data at specific locations are compared and discussed with data from experimental measurements acquired by acoustic wave gauges and acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) / Vectrino equipment. Although an exact match between numerical and laboratory values was not reached, an appropriate incident wave angle and a reasonable amplitude of velocities and water depths was achieved and the same happened to the statistics of those values.

Para caracterizar a resposta de um trecho do quebra-mar de taludes do porto da Ericeira à agitação marítima nele incidente, realizaram-se no canal de ondas irregulares do LNEC um conjunto de ensaios com um modelo reduzido desse mesmo trecho. Nesta comunicação descreve-se a instalação experimental, incluindo os diversos instrumentos utilizados para medir as séries temporais das várias grandezas de interesse e o programa de ensaios, apresentando-se as grandezas medidas num subconjunto dos ensaios considerado mais interessante. Nestas grandezas incluem-se a elevação da superfície livre associada à agitação incidente, o espraiamento ao longo do talude, o volume de água de água galgado, a pressão em vários pontos da superestrutura e a erosão do manto protetor utilizando um sensor cujo funcionamento se baseia na tecnologia Time of Flight.

This paper presents a study of run-up/overtopping over a smooth impermeable dike with promenade using 2D and 3D mesh-based and mesh-free numerical models and results from 2D physical modelling for strong energetic incident waves. These waves induce plunging wave breaking and a complex water/air mixture turbulent flow before overtopped the dike, a challenging configuration for numerical models. The analysis is structured in two phases: (i) evaluates the results of 2D numerical and physical models for run-up and overtopping; (ii) compares qualitatively the results of 3D numerical models for overtopping over a dike with promenade between groins located in front of a slope beach. The results indicate that the main differences obtained in run-up and overtopping are due to differences in wave generation and active absorption systems used in physical and numerical models and in turbulent models used by the numerical models. These differences lead to changes on incident wave height and on wave breaking and, consequently, on reflection, run-up and overtopping over the structure. For 3D simulation, even if larger discrepancies were found on overtopping along the dike, mean wave overtopping discharge and water flow height at the crest of the groin head show a similar order of magnitude.

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are extremely powerful analytical, parallel processing elements that can successfully approximate any complex non-linear process, and which form a key piece in Artificial Intelligence models. Its field of application, being very wide, is especially suitable for the field of prediction. In this article, its application for the prediction of the overtopping rate is presented, as part of a strategy for the sustainable optimization of coastal or harbor defense structures and their conversion into Waves Energy Converters (WEC). This would allow, among others benefits, reducing their initial high capital expenditure. For the construction of the predictive model, classical multivariate statistical techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), or unsupervised clustering methods like Self Organized Maps (SOM), are used, demonstrating that this close alliance is always methodologically beneficial. The specific application carried out, based on the data provided by the CLASH and EurOtop 2018 databases, involves the creation of a useful application to predict overtopping rates in both sloping breakwaters and seawalls, with good results both in terms of prediction error, such as correlation of the estimated variable.

IH-2VOF numerical model is applied to study wave interacting with a circular cylinder with adiameter of 0.02 m in a water depth of 0.27 m, with a wave period of 1.08 s and a wave heightof 0.047 m. The study includes analyses of convergence with the mesh discretization. Theconvergence of forces, velocities and Keulengan-Carpenter number was obtained when 32cells were used to define the cylinder.The influence of the wall proximity on the forces was also analyzed and 15 different ratiosbetween the pipe distance from the bottom and the pipe diameter were simulated, varying from0.0625 to 1.5. Results of lift, drag and inertia coefficients are compared with the experimentalresults of the experimental study of Jarno-Druaux et al. (1995) and the same trend in thevariation with the gap between the cylinder and the bottom was obtained with the modelgiving slightly larger values.

This paper compares the results obtained with the introduction of two new pressuredistribution functions in the numerical model FUNWAVE that was modified to simulate wavegeneration by sailing ships. The results obtained by Nascimento (2007) which used thepressure distribution functions of Li and Sclavounos (2002) in the free surface are taken as thereference values. Tests were performed with a ship sailing along the line defined by theintersection of a 1:50 slope with a constant depth bottom and the influence of the maximumpressure value was investigated. Whatever the pressure distribution function, the results showthat in the sloping bottom the crests of waves are bent along the slope and in the constantdepth the standard Kelvin wave patterns can be found.

Container ships traffic has increased significantly in recent years as well as the ship dimensions,therefore the need for port expansion and construction of new ports. Portugal is no exception to thisglobal phenomenon and there are plans to expand some of the major Portuguese ports (eg Sines andLeixões). These large ships require depths and widths of the entrance channels relatively large and itis inevitable that waves enter the ports. These waves can cause serious problems in port operation as aresult of excessive movement of the ship. The costs associated with berth downtime are enormous.For container ships, horizontal movements must be very small due to crane operation constraints.Excessive movements can also cause ship collisions with berth or with other ships or the breakage ofmooring lines, all with serious economic losses. From the above it becomes clear how important it isthe ability to know the sea conditions that lead to excessive movement of ships. This knowledgewould bring a huge asset to the port operational management and it could point out ways ofmitigating these problems.This paper describes the development of an integrated tool made of several numerical models able tocharacterize the wave climate and its effects in ports, particularly in terms of movements of shipsmoored to a port terminal. The validation of this tool is presented in the form of some simple testcases. Additionally an application to a real harbour situation is also presented. The informationobtained from this tool is a major help in port management and it can significantly increase thecompetitiveness of our ports.

O reservatório do lago da barragem de Ilha Solteira, que tem uma extensão de 100 km, está localizado no noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Devido à sua grande dimensão, ondas geradas por ventos podem causar problemas à segurança de navegação, para a estabilidade das margens do rio, para as infra-estruturas de todo o reservatório, ou mesmo para a segurança pública. Em 2010/2011, uma campanha de dados de campo foi realizada a fim de medir o campo de ventos, de ondas e altura significativa. A batimetria de fundo do lago e a velocidade do vento foram usados no Swan (Simulating Waves Nearshore) para prever a altura significativa das ondas. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se dizer que a previsão do modelo numérico apresenta semelhanças com os valores experimentais.

Nesta comunicação descreve-se o projeto HIDRALERTA

Profile surveying in scale model tests of rubble-mound breakwaters, during a test series is,somehow, a time consuming procedure.Aiming to speed up this procedure, a photogrammetric method has been tested, as analternative to the mechanical profiler.This technique makes use of a software package that allows one to correct the refraction oflight at the air-water interface, enabling the realization of surveys without having to empty thecanal. This survey technique was already tested for two-dimensional scale models. The goal ofthe present work is to extend this survey technique to three-dimensional scale models.

This paper describes a wide range of wave flume tests which main objective is the study waveshoaling and breaking over a set of different gentle slopes for several incident waves and thusto contribute for a better understand of the hydrodynamics of wave transformation and wavebreaking.For a bichromatic wave resulting from a combination of two regular waves with periodsT=1.1 and 1.5s, with the same wave height H=0.08m, are presented and discussed thefollowing results: free surface elevation at selected sections along the flume; significant waveheight, significant and average periods along the flume; particle velocity components atdifferent locations along the flume; average, maximum and minimum values of thelongitudinal component of the velocity along the flume; free surface elevation and velocitycomponents spectral analysis; two dimensional distribution of the three components of thevelocity; and longitudinal velocity component vertical profiles.

Esta comunicação apresenta os resultados da introdução no modelo numéricoFUNWAVE de duas distribuições de pressão existentes na literatura para simular apropagação de ondas geradas por embarcações em regiões de batimetria variável. Aquelemodelo foi adaptado por Nascimento [1]de forma a incluir uma distribuição de pressõesmóvel nas equações da quantidade de movimento, na posição correspondente ao plano deflutuação do navio, sendo capaz de reproduzir a maioria dos fenómenos envolvidos napropagação da onda em direção à costa. Considerou-se como valores de referência osobtidos com a função de distribuição de Li e Sclavounos [2] implementada por Nascimento[1].

This paper presents the results for the two additional pressure distribution functionsincluded in the modified model FUNWAVE to simulate the propagation of waves generatedby ships, where the ship is represented by a pressure distribution function. This modifiedmodel was adapted by Nascimento [1] in order to include a specified moving pressure at thefree surface where the most of the phenomena involved in the transformation of the wave arereproduced. The value proposed by Nascimento [1] for the maximum value of the pressuredistribution function of Li and Sclavounos [6] was used as reference in the two new pressuredistribution functions.

Neste trabalho, é descrito a aplicação de umsistema de redes neurais ARTMAP-Fuzzy na previsão deagitação marítima na costa oeste portuguesa e, maisconcretamente, no Porto de Sines. O treinamento desta redeneural é efetuado com dados de medição de boia-ondógrafo aolargo do porto e resultados do modelo numérico de propagaçãode ondas na zona de entrada do porto, de 01/07/2010 a30/06/2012. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o desempenho da redequer para diferentes meses e uma semana selecionadosaleatoriamente no anterior período, quer para um anodesconhecido à rede, o de 2009. Estes testes mostram aspotencialidades e limitações da rede neste tipo de aplicações.

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C2IMPRESS is a multi-disciplinary project which aims to enhance understanding and public awareness on multi-hazard risk, based on innovative models, methods, frameworks, tools and technologies to develop decision-making platforms with a fine-grained spatio-temporal data to better assess impacts, vulnerability and resilience on natural hazards. This Report is the Deliverable 1.1 and belongs to Work Package 1, which is mainly addressed to identify the past climate and physical processes that underlie natural disaster events and their consequences

A major objective of TRA LISBON 2022 Conference is to boost research and innovation capacity for the transport sector, throughout a full innovation cycle, from idea to market. Having this in view, the project

The demonstration area will be one of the main focus points of TRA LISBON 2022, presenting multifunctional spaces and being prepared to receive a large number of different types of on-site demonstrations (indoor and outdoor). On-line demonstrations will also be an option, allowing for the widest possible coverage of access for all the participants.The dedicated areas will allow for interactive demonstrations of technological innovations to be carried out by and for industry partners, researchers, and other stakeholders. Demonstrations are an excellent opportunity to introduce conference attendees in an engaging way, as well as to promote new contacts and promising business.

According to the CSA project plan, WP5.2 task objective is to organize technical tours that feature attractive and interactive showcases aiming at engaging participants into novel technologies for all transport modes and enabling stakeholders and their companies to disseminate and even sell their products and applications to all interested parties.

This report is part of HYDRALAB+ Work Package 10, which seeks to strengthen the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken by the HYDRALAB+ partner organisations. It outlines the work carried out by Samui Design & Management Ltd, supported by HR Wallingford, in relation to the development of a data repository structure that can be adopted by participants of the HYDRALAB+ project.

Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure and the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase the number and intensity of run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbor structures more vulnerable to damage.Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. The research project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios.The enclosed dataset refers to the experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+ and considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms. Data of free surface elevation, overtopping and damage is presented.

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.2 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

The HYDRALAB+ project is aimed at strengthening the coherence of experimental hydraulic and hydrodynamic research undertaken across its partner organisations. This report is D10.3 of the HYDRALAB+ project, entitled

This deliverable is related to task 8.2

Neste relatório inicial são apresentadas a arquitetura e as caraterísticas gerais dos protótipos do sistema de previsão, alerta e gestão de riscos causados pela agitação marítima para os portos de Madalena do Pico, São Roque do Pico e Praia da Vitória. Os três protótipos em desenvolvimento têm por base uma arquitetura semelhante, com características distintas, nomeadamente no que respeita à localização dos dados de base, às malhas computacionais utilizadas e às características físicas das fronteiras, tanto no plano horizontal (interface terra-mar), como no vertical (batimetria dos fundos). Caracteriza-se o layout geral dos portos, bem como a sua morfologia e operabilidade.

The project LIFEGARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal unicipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events.

The project LIFE-GARACHICO (LIFE20 CCA/ES/001641) proposes the creation of an effective flexible adaptation framework for the coastal municipalities of Macaronesia, making specific local interventions to increase their resilience against extreme coastal events resulting from climate change. Social surveys were applied in both localities in order to understand the civilians perception of coastal flooding events

Realização de ensaios em modelo físico reduzido 3D para a avaliação da estabilidade do quebra-mar destacado do Porto Inlgês, Maio, Cabo-Verde

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Adverse sea conditions can cause emergency situations associated to wave overtopping, which endanger the safety of people and goods, with negative impacts for society, the economy and the environment. Therefore, a methodology to assess the overtopping risk in port and coastal areas is essential for a proper planning and management of these areas.The Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) has been developing the HIDRALERTA system, an integrated decision-support tool for port and coastal management, which focus in preventing and supporting the management of emergency situations and the long-term planning of interventions in the study areas. It enables the user to calculate the risk for various port and coastal activities, starting with the characterization of sea-waves, wind field and tide levels at the study regions.HIDRALERTA was already tested at different places in Portugal: Costa da Caparica beach, in Almada, and port of Praia da Vitória, in the Azores. However, in both cases, the evaluation of wave overtopping / flooding consequences was carried out using a quite simple approach. In fact, such consequences were assessed only at a global and qualitative level, based on information provided by the responsible authorities.This paper aims at testing a quantitative methodology to evaluate overtopping consequences: the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This methodology was proposed to solve complex decision-making problems and its objective is to calculate the priorities among decision elements which will define their final weights on the consequences. The ANP approach can produce interdependencies between criteria and compute the respective weight of each criterion. Such a network model with dependence and feedback improves the priorities derived from judgements and makes prediction more accurate. So, the ANP allows comparison among clusters of elements. Furthermore, in this methodology we take into account the impacts of alternatives on the importance of criteria, by normalizing the comparison matrix. Thus, the given alternatives can influence the ranking of criteria.Application of the ANP methodology to the case study of Praia da Vitória port is presented and a consequences level map is obtained.

Apresenta-se um novo sistema de alerta para navios amarrados em portos que se encontra em desenvolvimento no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil. O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA é um sistema de previsão e alerta baseado na avaliação do risco associado ao comportamento de navios amarrados em zonas portuárias.Os riscos associados a navios amarrados decorrem de movimentos excessivos, quer no plano horizontal, quer no plano vertical. Estes movimentos podem condicionar as atividades portuárias, nomeadamente cargas e descargas, mas em casos extremos podem levar à ocorrência de situações de emergência, tais como rotura de cabos, rotura de cabeços de amarração ou até colisões com o cais. As consequências deste tipo de situações envolvem sempre grandes prejuízos materiais e por vezes humanos.O sistema SWAMS_ALERTA utiliza as medições e previsões de agitação marítima para a determinação dos seus efeitos em termos de movimentos nos seis graus de liberdade e forças nas amarras e defensas quando o navio se encontra estacionado no cais. Para tal, o sistema recorre a uma série de modelos numéricos, interligados entre si. A comparação destes valores com valores máximos admissíveis pré-estabelecidos permite a avaliação, em tempo real, de situações de emergência e a emissão de alertas dirigidos às entidades portuárias.O sistema é constituído por 4 módulos:I

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